1、Section Introduction & Reading and VocabularyLanguage Points existence n. 存在；生存，生活(方式)(教材P72)These discoveries proved the existence of a human species who lived in the area between 700，000 and 200，000 years ago.这些发现证明：在70万到20万年前就有人类生活在该地区。(1)come into existence/being出现；产生(2)exist vi.存在，生存exist in在于e
2、xist onlive on靠生存There exist(s).有(3)existing adj.现存的；现行的This is the most magnificent bridge in existence.这是现有的最宏伟的桥。(浙江卷)The development of industry has been a gradual process throughout human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.工业的发展贯穿于人类的存在历史之中，从石制工具到现代技术。即学即练单句语法填空You cant imagine wh
3、at difficulty they have existing on the money hes earning.The parking place for bikes was an existing(exist) problem for a long time in our school.I was unaware of his existence(exist) until today.链接写作完成句子众所周知，青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。As is known to us, there exists a generation gap between the young and the
4、old.关于宇宙的起源，科学家有许多种理论。Scientists have many theories about how the universe came into existence/came into beingexist是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态和进行时。 contributev促成；导致；捐献；贡献(教材P73)Pollution from nearby cement factories has also contributed to the problem.附近水泥厂产生的污染对此也难辞其咎。(1)contribute to (doing)有助于，促成，为做贡献contrib
5、ute.to/towards.向捐献；向投稿(2)contribution n贡献make a contribution to/make contributions to对做出贡献contributor n.捐献者；投稿人She contributed a great number of articles to the magazine.她给这家杂志撰写了很多稿件。(2017江苏卷)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.由于位于“
6、一带一路”的交汇处，江苏将为“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。即学即练单句语法填空(牛津词典)The writer personally contributed 5，000 to the earthquake fund. The scientist was rewarded by the government for having made such great contributions (contribute) to the country. 表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语有cause, lead to, result in, bring about等。 recommendv推荐，建议(
7、教材P73)They have recommended that the site be closed and repaired.该组织已经提议关闭这个遗址并进行修复。(1)recommend doing sth.建议做某事recommend sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事recommend that.(should) do sth.建议做It is/was recommended that.(should) do.有人建议(2)recommend sth. to sb.recommend sb. sth.向某人推荐/介绍(2016天津卷)It was really annoyin
8、g; I couldnt get access to the data bank you had recommended. 真让人恼火，我进不了你推荐给我的数据库。The teacher recommended that everyone (should) take an active part in the English party.老师建议每一个人都应该积极参加英语派对。即学即练单句语法填空/单句改错(2017北京卷)A great many tourist spots can be found along the Yangtze River, and thats why I recom
9、mend the trip to you. a.I recommend making(make) seat reservations in advance, because this is a popular film and there will be a lot of audience.bI recommend her to think(think) twice before she makes a decision.(福建卷)Teachers recommend parents would not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycle
10、s to school for safety.wouldshould或去掉would后接宾语从句，从句中谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”的常见动词有： requestn& v请求，要求(教材P73)Dr Zhu Ming of the Academy said, “We have requested that the government get involved，but we also need assistance from ordinary people.”来自中科院的朱明博士说：“我们已经要求政府参与，但我们同样需要普通大众的协助”(1)request sth. from/of
11、sb.向某人请求某物request sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事request that.(should) do要求/请求做某事(2)make (a) request for.请求；要求at ones requestat the request of sb.应某人的要求You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks.你可以和机器人谈话，问问题，还可以要求它执行不同的任务。(浙江卷)We most prefer to say yes to
12、 the requests of someone we know and like.我们更喜欢同意那些我们了解和喜欢的人的请求。即学即练单句语法填空(天津卷)Dont respond to any emails requesting_(request) personal information, no matter how official they look. (重庆卷)We should consider the students request that the school library (should) provide (provide) more books on popular
13、 science.(湖北卷)Youd sound a lot more polite if you make a request in the form of a question. 链接写作一句多译李老师要求我们每天早晨大声朗读半小时英语。Mr.Li requests that we should spend half an hour reading English aloud every morning. Mr.Li requests us to spend half an hour reading English aloud every morning.request后的宾语从句、表语从
14、句、同位语从句以及It is requested that.从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，即(should)do形式。 apart from除去，除之外(教材P74)Apart from providing warmth，what was fire used for?除了用来取暖外，火还可以被用来做什么？tell.apart区分，分辨take.apart将拆卸开I hardly know anyone in the village apart from you.除了你以外，我几乎不认识村里的任何人。Apart from its low price, the advantage of this ca
15、r lies in its good quality.除了价格低廉，这辆车的优势还在于其好的质量。即学即练单句语法填空(2017天津卷)Apart from my academic studies, I always manage to find time for what Im interested in.The two brothers are so much alike that their mother can hardly tell them apart链接写作完成句子(辽宁卷)罗德喜欢拆钟表，然而他从来不能把它们再组装起来。Rod loves taking apart clocks
16、. However, he never manages to put them together again.除了煤，最重要的天然燃料是煤气和石油。Apart from/Besides/In addition to coal，the most important natural fuel is gas and oil.apart from具有双重含义，既相当于except/but(除之外)，又相当于besides/in addition to(除之外还有)。beadj.to do(不定式主动表被动)(教材P73)The site is extremely expensive to mainta
17、in and it will cost between three and five million yuan to repair it.维护遗址需要高额的费用，修复费用在300万到500万元之间。句中不定式to maintain为主动形式表示被动意义。动词不定式主动表被动的情况有以下几种：(1)不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时(即：主语系动词形容词不定式；主语动词宾语形容词不定式)，如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义，如difficult，easy，comfortable，convenient，hard，cheap，expensive等，不定式用主动表被动。(2)不定式作定语，放在被修饰
18、词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又与句子中另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。(3)主语betoo形容词to do(4)主语be形容词enough to doThe main problem in my study is that words are difficult to memorize.我在学习中的主要问题是很难记住单词。This famous street was hard to find on the map when we visited the old town.我们在参观这座古城的时候，这条著名的街很难在地图上找到。即学即练单句语法填空/单句改错(
19、安徽卷)Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier to break(break) into small pieces.I have a lot of work to do(do) to get ready for tomorrow, so I cant go to the cinema with you.a.This sentence is not easy to explain it, so I want you to help me.去掉itb.The future is a dream which
20、 is pleasant to look forward；but what we have is now. 在forward后加to链接写作完成句子这条街足够宽，可以并排跑三辆公共汽车。(enough to do)The street is wide enough for three buses to run side by side那个问题太复杂了，我们无法解决。(too.to.)The problem is too difficult/complicated for us to solve在“主语be形容词to do”结构中，不定式和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系；如不定式是不及物动词，则
21、要在动词之后加适当的介词。 品句填词1I have just spent a holiday there and would _ (推荐) it to anyone.答案：recommend2According to some philosophers，everything in _ (存在) is reasonable.答案：existence3Such a _ (贵重的) gift did he give me that I was deeply touched.答案：precious4Based on the _ (协议), all payments shall be made by t
22、he end of the month.答案：agreement5He has made an important _ (贡献) to the companys success.答案：contribution6Mankind has been trying every means to _ (维持) the balance of nature.答案：maintain7In summer, fruit can be _ (保存) by being frozen or bottled.答案：preserved8He refused to accept his friends _ (帮助) alth
23、ough it was difficult for him to solve the problem.答案：assistance9The campaign aims to raise public _ (意识) about the dangers of passive smoking.答案：awareness10This island is maintained as a reserve for _ (濒危的) species.答案：endangered 单句改错1Apart of his schoolwork，he also takes interest in anything._答案：of
24、from2As far as Im concerned, this maths problem is very difficult to work it out._答案：去掉it 3She proposed that such horror movies would be kept from children. _答案：wouldshould或去掉would4As far as Im concerned, your advice is of great useful to my study._答案：usefuluse5He recommended my hand in my homework
25、tomorrow morning. _答案：handhanding 课文语法填空In the 1920s, archaeologists discovered some prehistoric human 1._ (remain) in Zhoukoudian，2._ included a complete skull and other items. This proved that there was primitive human life in China thousands of years ago. This discovery is very 3._ (value)Since Z
26、houkoudian 4._ (list) as a world heritage site in 1987，it has not only provided us with important information about prehistoric Asian societies，5._given us the evidence about the process of evolution.But 6._ (fortunate)，Zhoukoudian is in serious danger today. The caves where the primitive men 7._ (l
27、ive) have been badly affected by rain and 8. _ (expose) to the air. Pollution from nearby cement factories has also contributed 9. _ the bad situation. So a professor has proposed that we 10._ (raise) money to repair this precious cultural heritage.答案：1.remains2.which3.valuable4.was listed5but 6.unf
28、ortunately7.lived8.exposure9.to10.(should) raise 单句语法填空1I recommended he _ (consult) his lawyer. 答案：(should) consult2We should spare no effort to preserve our environment from _ (pollute)答案：being polluted3The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the HUAWEI Mate 20 more c
29、omfortable _ (hold)答案：to hold4Thank you so much for your kind _ (assist); otherwise, my son would have never completed the project on time.答案：assistance5The earth is a rocky planet where there is liquid water, which is necessary for life _ (exist)答案：existence/to exist6I pretended that I had forgotte
30、n the incident，as if it were of no _ (important)答案：importance7As the examination was approaching, Mike made a request that I _ (help) him with his lessons.答案：(should) help8Exercise is a vital activity for your health, and can actually contribute to _ (get) betterquality sleep.答案：getting9In order to
31、raise peoples _ (aware) of protecting the environment, we must make people around us aware of the importance of it first.答案：awareness10_ (expose) to the sunlight for too much time will make you sunburnt.答案：Being exposed 阅读理解AHeritage is our legacy(遗产) from the past，what we live with today，and what w
32、e pass on to future generations. Our cultural and natural heritage are both irreplaceable(无可取代的) sources of life and inspiration. Places as unique and diverse as the wilds of East Africas Serengeti，the Pyramids of Egypt，the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and the Baroque cathedrals(大教堂) of Latin Ame
33、rica make up our worlds heritage.What makes the concept of World Heritage exceptional is its universal application. World Heritage sites belong to all the people of the world，regardless of the territory on which they are located.The United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNE
34、SCO) seeks to encourage the identification，protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity. This is reflected in an international treaty called the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural H
35、eritage，adopted by UNESCO in 1972.UNESCOs World Heritage mission is to：encourage countries to sign the World Heritage Convention and to ensure the protection of their natural and cultural heritage；encourage States Parties to the Convention to nominate sites within their national territory for inclus
36、ion on the World Heritage List；encourage States Parties to establish management plans and set up reporting systems on the state of conservation of their World Heritage sites；help States Parties safeguard World Heritage properties by providing technical assistance and professional training；provide em
37、ergency assistance for World Heritage sites in immediate danger；support States Parties public awarenessbuilding activities for World Heritage conservation；encourage participation of the local population in the preservation of their cultural and natural heritage；encourage international cooperation in
38、 the conservation of our worlds cultural and natural heritage.【解题导语】文化遗产一旦被破坏，将无法恢复，这就决定了文化遗产保护的重要性。本文介绍了联合国教科文组织的世界文化保护署的成立时间、背景以及使命等。1Which of the following statements about heritage is NOT true?AIt is exceptional because of its universal application.BIt can be divided into two sorts: the cultural
39、 and the natural.CIts the irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration.DIt has the characteristics of being unique and diverse.A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，B、C和D三项均为遗产的特点，而A是遗产概念“特别”的原因。2UNESCO encourages all the following EXCEPT _ of cultural and natural heritage around the world.AnominationBapplicationCprot
40、ectionDconservationB解析：细节理解题。根据UNESCOs World Heritage mission的内容可知A、C和D均属联合国教科文组织对世界遗产鼓励的内容，而B不是。3UNESCO helps the States Parties safeguard World Heritage properties by _Abuilding public awareness for World Heritage conservationBsetting up reporting systems on the state of conservation of their Worl
41、d Heritage sitesCproviding emergency assistance for World Heritage sites in immediate dangerDproviding technical assistance and professional trainingD解析：细节理解题。根据UNESCOs World Heritage mission的第四条可知答案。4It can be inferred from the passage that _AUNESCO signed the World Heritage Convention in 1972BWorl
42、d Heritage sites belong to the world and are of great value to humanityCparticipation of the local population usually makes the conservation work easyDUNESCO is an organization aimed at protecting the World HeritageB解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可推知选B项。A项中的联合国教科文组织不是签署，而是通过了世界遗产保护协定；从文中推断不出C项；D项对联合国教科文组织表述不准确。BI
43、t is saddening to learn that fewer of us now own pets. According to Mintel, just 56% of UK households today include a pet, compared with 63% in 2012. It is down to our smaller homes. The housing crisis(危机) is taking away one of our lifes joys: pets.Pets can help us get over serious illness. Pets les
44、sen our anxiety. Pets can be a godsend for people experiencing various forms of mental disorders. As if all that were not enough, pets also help their owners get a date because of complex psychological reasons.There do, of course, remain oppositions to the very idea of pets. The charity PETA puts it
45、 thus: “This selfish desire to own animals and receive love from them causes immeasurable suffering, which results from selling or giving them away casually, and taking away their opportunity to enjoy their natural behaviour.” This is undoubtedly true in some situations. But seen from a different po
46、int of view, theres something quite lovely about the story of people and their companion animals.What was once a relationship based only on the animals functional effectsits ability to kill pests, guard houses and the likehas developed into something much more about care and love.We share 84% of our
47、 DNA with dogs. We share 90% of our DNA with mice, for goodness sake. I have no idea how that works. But still: pets remind us were part of something bigger. Pets break down the barriers between us and the animal kingdom. We may teach pets to roll over, stand up, shake hands and so on. But they teac
48、h us much more: that life is actually really quite short and so should be filled as much as possible with lifegiving experiences.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章提到很多家庭不再养宠物，并介绍了养宠物的诸多益处。5What does the underlined part “is down to” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?AIs the result of.BDoes harm to.CIs away from.DTakes up.
49、A解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段画线部分后的The housing crisis(危机) is taking away one of our lifes joys: pets.可知，宠物数量减少是由住房空间变小引起的。6What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?AThe benefits of keeping pets.BThe reasons why humans keep pets.CThe fact that the number of pets is falling.DThe relationship between humans and pets.
50、A解析：段落大意题。第二段列举了养宠物的种种好处，故A项正确。7What does PETA think of keeping pets?AIt builds love between animals and humans.BIt takes away pets chance of living freely.CIt disturbs humans normal life.DIt benefits humans health.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的taking away their opportunity to enjoy their natural behaviour可知，人类剥
51、夺了宠物在大自然中生活的自由。8What lesson can we learn from the last paragraph?AHumanpet roots lie in their shared DNA.BHumans are a small part of nature.CTwo heads are better than one.DLike attracts like.B解析：推理判断题。根据末段中的We share 84% of our DNA with dogs. We share 90% of our DNA with mice和pets remind us were part
52、 of something bigger可知，人类只是自然界中很渺小的一部分。 七选五Usually，summer break provides teens with an opportunity to get away from the boring life of going to school, to visit friends and have fun with them, and to make a little extra money.The summer job market for teens can be highly competitive.Halfheartedly(不认
53、真地) looking for a job is the quickest way to get turned down over and over.1._2_ Look at the skills required for each.Then compare these skills with those you already have.The closer they match，the more likely you will enjoy your summer job while building a good reference for future jobs.Understandi
54、ng why you want to work will also help you determine where to apply.Do you want to earn extra money for something special，or do you need the job to make ends meet？3._ These are just a few of the questions you need to answer before starting your job search.When youre searching for a summer job，look f
55、or help beyond the wanted signs.4._ And even if a business doesnt have a sign or advertisement indicating that they are looking for help，stop by and ask a manager.You might fill in an application anyway，which could lead to a position in the future.5_ Ice cream shops，restaurants，grocery stores and mo
56、vie theatres commonly hire students.You might take a job that has less desirable hours or that you dont necessarily enjoy.However，summer jobs dont last forever.You can still build your skills and experience while making money.AHere are some tips on finding summer jobs.BTake time to think about the t
57、ypes of jobs that are suitable for you.CBe flexible and creative when youre looking for a summer job.DIf you are poor in math，you probably would lose your job.ELet your family，neighbours and teachers know that youre looking for a job.FA good attitude towards work sometimes can make up for lack of sk
58、ills.GAre you looking for a job where your friends work，so you can be with them?【解题导语】作者就青少年如何在暑假找到兼职工作提供了一些建议。1A解析：空前提到了不认真寻找工作的结局是被一次次拒绝。又根据下文提供了一些寻找暑期工作的建议，可知本空应该选择A项，起到承上启下的作用。2B解析：根据空后内容：看看每种工作所需要的技能，和你已经具备的技能作比较，技能越匹配的工作，越适合你做。所以此空应该选B项“花点儿时间思考最适合你的工作类型”。3G解析：根据空前的问句，及空后的“These are just a few of the questions.”可知此空应该是个疑问句，所以选择G项。4E解析：根据空前内容可知，当你在寻找暑期工作时，还可以从其他渠道中获取帮助，E项意为：让你的家人、邻居和老师知道你正在找工作。这样他们也可以提供给你帮助，所以E项为正确答案。5C解析：根据空后的内容：很多地方都在招聘学生，即使有些工作时间不理想或你不一定喜欢，但是暑期工作不是永久的，你可以在挣钱的同时锻炼技能、增长阅历。C选项“你在找暑期工作时应该灵活些”符合语境。
