1、Section Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary课前自学导引面具的魔力想到狂欢节，你就会想到人群、各色各样的服装和热闹非凡的场面。热闹的场面在不同的国家会有所不同，但人们的兴奋程度在各地都是相同的。狂欢节这个词是由两个拉丁词演变而来的，意思是“禁肉食”。欧洲是狂欢节的起源地，在那里，狂欢节过后会有40天不食肉的日子。这期间，人们准备迎接基督教的节日复活节。他们把狂欢节作为冬天结束前最后一次玩乐的机会，尽情地吃、喝、乔装打扮一番。欧洲最著名的狂欢节是在威尼斯。最初，狂欢节只持续一天。人们吃啊，喝啊，并戴上面具。渐渐地，庆祝狂欢节的时间长了，圣诞节一过狂欢
2、节就开始。接连几个星期，人们戴着面具走街串巷，为所欲为而不会被认出来。普通人可以装成阔佬和要人，而名人也可以偷偷地体验浪漫奇遇。很多罪行都逃脱了惩处。政府意识到戴面具成了一个社会问题，于是制定了限用面具的法律条文。这最早可以追溯到14世纪。男子不准在夜间戴面具，并且不能假扮女性。之后，更多法律条文出台。戴面具者不得携带火器，不得进入教堂。违反面具法者将被判入狱，刑期可长达两年。最后，在18世纪末，当威尼斯成为奥地利帝国的一部分时，面具被完全禁止了，狂欢节成为记忆。但在20世纪70年代后期，狂欢节这个传统又被学生们恢复了。他们开始制造面具，并组织聚会。他们向游人扔许多小块的彩色纸片。市镇议会觉得
3、狂欢节创造了一定的商机，因此，狂欢节得以发展，以吸引更多的游客。如今，威尼斯狂欢节的庆祝活动在二月进行，历时五天。来自欧洲各国的人们在此尽情娱乐。酒店已被预订一空，狭窄的街道挤满了身着各种华美服饰的人们。德语、法语和英语似乎成了主要语言。但威尼斯狂欢节的本质与美洲狂欢节有所不同。在里约热内卢，狂欢节主要是音乐和游行了。而在威尼斯，则是神秘的面具。走在街上，你能看到成千上万的面具，高雅的、可怕的、忧伤的、有趣的、传统的、时尚的，但你并不知道面具后面的是哪张面孔。没人把面具摘下。如果面具摘掉了，其魔力也就消失了。课堂合作探究破解重点词汇When I dress up, I feel energet
4、ic and successful.我一打扮起来，就感到精神饱满，事事顺利。拓展归纳dress up as 装扮成be dressed in 穿着dress oneself/sb. 给自己/某人穿衣服dress well 穿着得体She is dressed in black today.今天她穿一身黑。The mother is dressing her baby.母亲正为她的孩子穿衣服。She likes to be dressed in red.她喜欢穿红色衣服。The man put on his smock and went out.那人穿上罩衫，然后走了出去。She was wea
5、ring a gold ring.她戴着一个金戒指。【即景活用】单句语法填空The lady is always _ (dress) in white at the party.They dressed _ and went to the prom.He was _ (wear)a brown uniform.答案：dressedupwearingWe shall have to extend the payments over an additional period.我们得把付款期再延长一段时间。The government has extended the ban on the impo
6、rt of beef until June.政府已经把进口牛肉的禁令延长至六月。拓展归纳extension n. 伸出，扩大；延长部分extensive adj. 广泛的；大规模的，大量的He asked for an extension of his visa.他申请延长签证有效期。The teacher had both extensive knowledge and profound scholarship.这位老师的学问博大精深。extend表示“(时间、长度的)延长、延伸”expand表示“展开(帆，翅膀等)；使(尺寸、体积或范围)扩大”My garden extends as fa
7、r as the river.我的花园一直延伸到河边。Water expands when it freezes.水结冰时体积膨胀。【即景活用】选词填空(extend/expand)Can you _ your visit for a few more days?Iron _ when it is heated.答案：extendexpands词汇3pretend vi.假装教材原句Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important, while famous people could have romantic adventures
8、in secret.(P32)普通人可以装扮成阔佬和要人，而名人也可以偷偷地体验浪漫奇遇。He pretended to be ill.他假装病了。He pretended not to know the facts.他佯装不知实情。拓展归纳pretend to beadj./n. 假装是pretend to do 假装做pretend to be doing 假装正在做pretend to have done 假装已经做过某事pretend that . 假装Were you just pretending to be interested?你是假装感兴趣吗？Hearing his fath
9、ers steps, the little boy began to pretend to be studying.听到父亲的脚步声，这个小男孩开始假装正在学习。He pretended (that) he didnt mind, but I knew that he did.他假装不在意，但我知道他很在乎。名师点津pretend后面的动词不定式的形式和谓语动词的关系：和谓语动词同时发生的，用不定式的进行式；发生在谓语动词之前的，用不定式的完成式。【即景活用】单句语法填空Tom pretended _(read) when his mother came in.They pretended _
10、(know)the secret when asked about it. In fact, they knew nothing about it.答案：to be readingto have known词汇4see . as 把当作；把看作教材原句People saw carnival as a last chance to have fun at the end of the winter season.(P32)人们把狂欢节作为冬季结束前最后一次玩乐的机会。We should see failure as the way to success.我们应当把失败看作是通往成功的道路。拓展归
11、纳Peter was regarded as the black sheep of the family after he had been in prison.彼得坐过牢之后，被看作是家庭中的不肖子孙。America is considered as the land of opportunity.美国被看成是一个充满机遇的国度。His colleagues think of him as a possible future director.他的同事认为他有可能是未来的董事。【即景活用】单句写作因为在奥运会上为祖国赢得第一枚金牌，他被认为是民族英雄。He _ a national hero
12、 for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics.答案：was regarded/treated/considered/seen as词汇5come to an end 完结教材原句The original Venice carnival came to an end about 200 years ago.(P32)最初的威尼斯狂欢节大约在200年前结束。The diving championship in Beijing has come to an end.世界跳水锦标赛北京站的比赛已结束。His stay
13、 in the US was coming to an end and he was thinking about going home.他留在美国的时间就要结束了，他正考虑回家。拓展归纳bring/put . to an endbring/put an end to . 结束on end 连续地；竖立着end up doing sth. 结果做了某事end with 以结束end up with 最终拥有；以告终/结束end up in 结果(处于境地)end up as 结果担任【即景活用】单句语法填空Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, an
14、d you may just end up _ sweet dreams.Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion (提升), and ended up _ a manager.Everyone wishes the war would come _ an end soon.When will they bring a rapid end _ the violence?It has been raining for days _ end.答案：withastotoonThe origins of gunpowder in China
15、 also date from/back to the 9th century AD.火药在中国也是起源于9世纪。The oldest towers date from/back to the first century AD when Buddism was introduced from India.最早的古塔建于公元1世纪，当时佛教从印度传入中国。The castle dates back to/dates from the 17th century.这座城堡始建于十七世纪。The history of the Great Wall can date back to/date from
16、the Qin Dynasty.长城的历史可以追溯到秦朝。Im familiar with the tower dating back to/from the Ming Dynasty.我对那座始建于明朝的塔很熟悉。名师点津(1)date from与date back to不用被动语态和进行时态，但可用ing形式作定语、补语、状语等。(2)谈论现存的物品或建筑物时，虽然这一事物建造于过去某一时期，但date from和date back to却用一般现在时。【即景活用】单句写作My interest in stamp collection _ (始于) my schooldays.This c
17、hurch _ (追溯到，始于) the 13th century remains in good condition.答案：dates back to/dates fromdating back to/dating fromId like to book a table for two at 8 oclock tonight.我想预订一张今晚8点的两人餐桌。Lucy said she had booked herself a flight home last night.露西说她昨晚已为自己预订了返家的机票。拓展归纳book sb. sth. (adv./prep.) 为某人预订某物book
18、 sb. on sth. 为某人预订(飞机等的座位、票等)book in/into (在旅馆等处)登记；办理入住手续book sb. in 为某人预订(旅馆房间等)booking n. 预订bookingoffice (车站、剧院等的)售票处book预订，往往倾向于表示已付款或做出某种承诺的预订，用于在电影院、剧院、车站等处订票、订座、订旅馆房间等order指订购，向商店或工厂订购产品、订制衣服、在饭店订饭、点菜。order还表示“命令”。作名词时，表示“顺序，订单，命令，秩序”reserve指预订，表示让某人帮你预留某物，不许别人拿走。表示“预订房间或餐桌”时，可以与book互换，如book
19、/reserve a room/table。预留停车位是“reserve a parking space”，不能用book。表示“订票”，只能用book。reserve还表示“保留”I have booked two tickets to New York.我已订了两张去纽约的票。He ordered his staff to order 100 books and put them in order of size.他命令他的员工订一百本书，并且按大小顺序排好。These seats are reserved for special guests.这些座位是留给贵宾的。【即景活用】单句语法填
20、空He telephoned the travel agency _ (book) three air tickets to London.答案：to bookThe boy was wandering around.男孩在周围徘徊。She wandered aimlessly about the house.她漫无目的地在房子里走来走去。拓展归纳wander around 漫游wander through 穿过wander about/over the world 周游世界wander off (从应该逗留的地方)离开wanderer n. 流浪者wander vi. (河流等)蜿蜒，曲折地
21、流；(注意力)不集中，走神Dont let any kid wander off.不要让任何一个小孩走开。The stream wanders through the forest.小溪蜿蜒流过森林。In class, my mind often wandered.课上，我经常走神。【即景活用】单句语法填空He was _ (wander) around the Pyramid, wondering how on earth this wonder was built.答案：wandering掌握难句解析1Think_of_carnival,_and you think of crowds,
22、costumes, and confusion.(P32)想到狂欢节，你自然就会想到人群，各式各样的服装和热闹非凡的场面。(1)此句是“祈使句and简单句”，其中and表示前后之间是顺承关系。(2)think of表示“记起，想起，认为”，常用于下面的固定搭配中，如think highly/little of(对评价很高/很低)；think of . as . (把看作)；What do you think of . ？(你认为怎么样？)。Miss another class and you will fail.再缺一次课，你考试就会不及格。 拓展归纳与“祈使句and简单句”类似的三种结构：祈
23、使句or简单句or表示“否则”，前后之间是转折关系Hurry up, or you will be late.赶快，否则你会迟到的。名词词组and简单句名词词组相当于祈使句，常带有more，another等A bit more effort and youll succeed.再努力一点，你就会成功。祈使句破折号祈使句或者简单句破折号起到递进或附加说明的作用Do me a favourinvite Mary to my party.帮我一个忙邀请玛丽参加我的晚会。【即景活用】单句写作多帮助他人，你就会变得快乐得多。_不要参与这件事，否则你会后悔的。_答案：Give others more he
24、lp and youll become much happier.Dont be involved in it, or youll regret.2In Europe, where_it_began,_carnival was followed by forty days without meat, as_people_prepared_for_the_Christian_festival_of_Easter.(P32)欧洲是狂欢节的发源地，在那里，狂欢节过后人们会有40天不吃肉，在这期间，人们准备迎接基督教的节日复活节。(1)这是一个复合句。主句是carnival was followed
25、by forty days without meat。(2)in Europe作地点状语，where it began是非限制性定语从句修饰Europe。(3)as people prepared for the Christian festival of Easter是as引导的原因状语从句。(4)prepare for sth.表示“为做准备”，其中，for表示目的。I often walk in the woods, where I can hear many birds singing.我经常在那片树林里散步，在那儿我能听到许多鸟歌唱。As all the students in th
26、e classroom are preparing for the coming exam, they are all buried in their study.因为教室里所有的学生都在为即将到来的考试做准备，所以他们都在埋头学习。【即景活用】单句语法填空Coach, can I continue with the training?Sorry, you cant, _ you havent recovered from the knee injury.The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved ov
27、er the past two months.Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.答案：asaswhere课堂总结演练单词拼写1This may cause _ (迷惑), self doubt, and feelings of helplessness for a child.答案：confusion2There hasnt been peace in the country in my _ (记忆)答案：memory3But in the late
28、 1970s the tradition was _ (复兴)答案：revived4When the father came home, the naughty boy _ (假装) to be doing his homework.答案：pretended5The new couple _ (闲逛) aimlessly around the streets by the light of the moon.答案：wandered单句语法填空1She pretended _ (listen) carefully, but in fact her mind had already wandere
29、d away.答案：to be listening2The people who love peace do think that it is time that the violent conflicts in that area _ (come) to an end.答案：came3Follow the doctors advice, _ your cough will get worse.答案：or4With his mind _ (wander), he didnt catch even a single word of what the teacher was saying.答案：w
30、andering5After the flood, the whole city was _ confusion.答案：in演练通关提升夯实基础知识单词拼写1The bar has recently _ (延长) its opening hours.答案：extended2After the war, everything is in _ (混乱)答案：confusion3He lied to others that he had seen a _ (鬼)答案：ghost4The guests were deeply impressed with the girls _ (优雅的) manne
31、rs.答案：elegant5I _ (掩藏) myself in bushes and shrubs.答案：hid6The photograph brings back many pleasant m_.答案：memories7The flowers will r_ if you water them at once.答案：revive8.The tours are very popular, so its best to b_ in advance.答案：book9We should never p_ to know what we dont know.答案：pretend10Every w
32、eekend, he likes to w_ over the countryside.答案：wander选词填空come to an end, date back to, dress up, see . as, come off1I _ Tom _ my best friend.答案：see; as2This kind of music _ the 18th century.答案：dates back to3The diving competitions have _.答案：come to an end4On that day, a bus _ the road and an acciden
33、t happened.答案：came off5Her maid helped her to _ for the party.答案：dress up单句语法填空1We cant complete the project on time. Shall we try to get the deadline _ (extend) till the end of this month?答案：extended2The two experts worked at the task of writing a preface to a new dictionary for three hours _ end.答
34、案：on3Its too strange that those people should laugh after their relatives died.That is the local custom _ (date) back to the seventeenth century.答案：dating4Help others whenever you can _ you will make the world a nicer place to live in.答案：and5The meeting came to _ end and it was _ great success.答案：an
35、; a6The famous actor took _ at a young age.答案：off7He pretended _ (dead) in order not to be attacked by the bear.答案：to be dead8Were sparing no effort _ (revive) our hometown, regardless of the difficulties caused by the earthquake.答案：to revive9There being nobody else in the room, Jenny let out all th
36、e words _ (hide) in her heart for years.答案：hidden10The criminal was caught and put _ prison the day before yesterday.答案：into单句写作1会议终于结束了。The meeting _ at last.答案：came to an end2为什么人们要为了面试精心打扮？Why do people _ for an interview?答案：dress up3他们把这个问题看作是一次挑战的机会。They _ a chance to challenge.答案：see the probl
37、em as4不要摘下你的面具，否则你就要暴露了。_ you will give yourself away.答案：Dont take off your mask or5我们两国之间的传统友谊可追溯到遥远的过去。The traditional friendship between our two countries _ ancient days.答案：dates back to/dates from提升实战能力完形填空Halloween is one of the worlds oldest holidays. It is widely celebrated with different nam
38、es in many _1_. Although it originated (起源) as a religious holiday, it has lost its _2_ connection in the United States. It is now _3_ largely as a childrens holiday, and many American children look forward to it for days and weeks beforehand.The orange pumpkin, _4_ at this time of the year, is holl
39、owed (使中空) out, a funny face cut into it, and a _5_ placed inside as a decoration in the window. City folks, nowadays, sometimes use paper pumpkins for _6_.Some years ago, the holiday was celebrated by _7_ in strange and frightening clothes and _8_ tricks on ones neighbours and friends, such as ring
40、ing door bells, throwing bits of corn on the window panes (窗格), and in other ways of making little _9_.More recently, children come to the door to have friends and neighbours _10_ their clothes and guess _11_ they are behind the strange masks and receive treats of candy, fruit or cookies. They say “
41、Trick or Treat”， which _12_ “I will play a trick on you _13_ you dont want to give me a treat.” This practice has even more recently _14_ into an important international activity. Instead of or along with candy, the children _15_ money for UNICEF (联合国儿童基金会). This _16_ collection of money by children
42、 for needy children throughout the world is known as “UNICEF Trick or Treat”. _17_ only recently, it _18_ several million dollars each year being contributed to UNICEF. The collection box is _19_， reminding people of the _20_.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一个国际性的节日万圣节的来历、习俗以及它为UNICEF(联合国儿童基金会)所作出的贡献。1A.countrie
43、s BvillagesCtowns Dprovinces答案：A由下文可知，万圣节已成为一个国际性的节日，故A项正确。2A.late Bearly Creligious Dclose答案：C句意：虽然它起源于宗教节日，但现在它已失去了宗教色彩。由although表示的转折意义及前面的a religious holiday可推知答案为C项。3A.made BcelebratedCcongratulated Dgreeted答案：B由文章第二句“It is widely celebrated with .”可推知B项正确。celebrate “庆祝”；make “制作”；congratulate
44、“祝贺”；greet “致敬，欢迎”。4A.harvesting BharvestedCto harvest Dharvest答案：Bharvest与其所修饰的词the orange pumpkin构成被动关系，因此应用其过去分词作定语。5A.candle BpictureClamp Dflashlight答案：A由常识可知，蜡烛被放入南瓜中制成南瓜灯挂在窗口作为装饰。6A.fun BpleasureCdecoration Dexample答案：C由上文中的“as a decoration”可知，南瓜灯是用来作装饰的。7A.having on BwearingCputting on Ddres
45、sing up答案：Ddress up为固定短语，意为“盛装打扮”。have on “穿着，戴着”，表状态；wear “穿着，戴”，为及物动词，其后直接跟宾语；put on “穿上”，表动作，为及物动词短语。8A.playing Bdoing Cmaking Dputting答案：Aplay tricks on sb. “捉弄，戏弄某人”，为固定搭配。9A.peace Btrouble Cnoise Dface答案：B由“other ways”可知，此处应是对上文列举的“ringing door bells”和“throwing bits of corn on the window panes
46、”这类行为的概括。即通过各种方式给别人造成点小麻烦。10A.share Bwatch Chonour Dadmire答案：D句意：孩子们在节日里穿各种服装是为了得到朋友和邻居们的赞美。故admire “赞美；羡慕”符合语境。11A.who Bwhoever Cwhat Dwhich答案：A句意：孩子们戴着面具要别人猜他们是谁。故疑问代词who符合语境。whoever “无论是谁”；what，which不能指代人。12A.suggests BpersuadesCadvises Dinsists答案：Asuggest在此意为“暗示，表明”，是对“Trick or Treat”的解释。persuad
47、e “劝说”；advise “建议”；insist “坚持”均不符合语境。13A.unless Bif Cuntil Dwhen答案：B句意：如果不招待我，我就要找你的麻烦。此处为if引导的条件状语从句。14A.occurred BmovedCdeveloped Dprocessed答案：Cdevelop into “发展成为”。occur “发生”，常与to连用；move into “搬进”；process “加工；处理”不与into连用。15A.gather Bcollect Cmake Dearn答案：Bcollect money (raise money)意为“筹钱；集资”。由16空后
48、的collection of money也可得知答案。gather “收集，搜集”；make，earn与money搭配时均意为“赚钱，挣钱”。16A.usual BordinaryCspecial Dcommon答案：C根据上文描述及它的特殊名称“UNICEF Trick or Treat”可知，这是一种特殊的筹资方式。故special符合语境。17A.Begin BBegan CBeginning DBegun答案：Dit指代上句中的“UNICEF Trick or Treat”，与begin是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词作状语。18A.results from Bresults in
49、Cbrings out Dbrings in答案：B句意：这项活动每年都为联合国儿童基金会筹集几百万美元的资金。由后边的“being contributed to”可知，此处应用result in “导致”。result from “起因于”；bring out “拿出”；bring in “引进”。19A.red Bblue Corange Dgreen答案：C句意：因为万圣节中最主要的装饰物就是黄色的南瓜，所以此处很容易使人联想到筹款箱的颜色会被涂成橘黄色。20A.pumpkin BtrickCtreat DHalloween答案：A筹款箱的橘黄色让人们想到万圣节最主要的装饰物南瓜。阅读理
50、解Every culture and every country in the world celebrates New Year, but not everyone does it the same way.The countries of the America and Europe welcome the new year on January the first. This practice began with the Romans. Julius Caesar changed the date of the new year from the first day of March
51、to the first day of January. In the Middle East, New Year is when spring begins. People in China and Vietnam celebrate it on Tet, which is the first day of their calendar based on the moon. Tet usually comes between January 21 and February 19. Rosh Hashana, which is the Jewish New Year, comes at the
52、 end of summer. The Hindus in India celebrate the first day of each season, so they have four New Years.In all of these cultures, there is a practice of making noise. People made noise in ancient times to drive away the evil (邪恶的，极坏的) spirits from the home. Today, making noise is more of a custom th
53、an a religious ritual (例行仪式). Many people do it with fireworks. In Japan, people go from house to house making noise with drums and bamboo sticks. Young people in Denmark throw broken pieces of pottery against the sides of friends houses.In the United States, many people stay up until midnight on Ne
54、w Years Eve to watch the clock pass from one year to the next. Friends often gather together at a party on New Years Eve, and when the New Year comes, all ring bells, blow horns, blow whistles, sing and kiss each other.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。世界各地的人们是如何庆祝新年的呢？都有哪些不同的风俗呢？1Chinese New Years Day is called the Sp
55、ring Festival, which comes _.Aon the first day of MarchBon the first day of JanuaryCat the end of summerDbetween January 21 and February 19答案：D细节理解题。从第一段中的“People in China and Vietnam celebrate it on Tet, which is the first day of their calendar based on the moon. Tet usually comes between January 2
56、1 and February 19.”可以得出答案。2People all over the world have one New Year EXCEPT _.Athe people in the Middle EastBthe people in AmericaCthe HindusDthe Romans答案：C细节理解题。由第一段结尾的“The Hindus in India celebrate the first day of each season, so they have four New Years.”可知答案。3In the United States people usual
57、ly stay up until very late _ on New Years Eve.Ato see off the old year and welcome the new yearBto watch a big clockCto make noiseDto watch their friends dancing答案：A推理判断题。最后一段主要讲美国人怎样度过除夕之夜，他们所有的仪式都是为了辞旧迎新，故选A。4Which of the following is in common in celebrating New Year among all the cultures mentioned?AThey celebrate their New Year once a year.BThey celebrate their New Year on the same date.CThey make noise in celebrating their New Year.DThey sing lots of songs.答案：C细节理解题。由第二段的描述可以得出答案。
