普通高中教科书 英语 选择性必修 第一册 （牛津译林版2020）.pdf

1、 Writing Group of English,Yilin Press and Oxford University Press(China)Limited 2019“Oxford”is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press普通高中教科书英语编写组、译林出版社和牛津大学出版社（中国）有限公司 2019Oxford 为牛津大学出版社的注册商标。版权所有。未经版权所有人书面许可，不得在任何地区以任何形式、任何媒介、任何文字翻印、仿制或转载本书的内容、文字或图片。普通高中教科书英语选择性必修 第一册主 编 王守仁 何 锋副 主 编 顾爱

2、彬 范红升编 写 Jo Kent 连 凯 张 淳 马绯璠 刘菁健 李秋颖 魏 惠 郑 楠责任编辑 丁晓红 梁 健 马绯璠 潘志娟 高睿君 丁 婧装帧设计 译林出版社 韦 枫 胡 苨 黄 晨 牛津大学出版社（中国）有限公司 设计部出 版 译林出版社地 址 南京市湖南路 1 号 A 楼邮 箱 购买热线 4009289069教材热线 02583658349,83672889发 行 江苏凤凰出版传媒股份有限公司印 刷 江苏凤凰通达印刷有限公司开 本 890 毫米 1240 毫米 1/16印 张 8版 次 2020 年 12 月第 1 版印 次 2021 年 11 月第 3 次印刷标准书号 ISBN 9

3、787544781282定 价 9.74 元版权所有 侵权必究译林版图书若有印装错误可向出版社调换，质量热线：02583658316同学们：欢迎使用普通高中教科书英语！本册教材围绕“人与社会”的主题语境，依托话题丰富、文体多样的语篇，引领你通过一系列英语学习活动，发展英语学科核心素养。现在，让我们走进教材，开启一段有趣的英语学习之旅。每个单元首页的 Welcome to the unit 板块是你单元学习的起点，借助视频、图示、文字等形式多样的语篇激发你的学习兴趣，帮助你初步了解单元主题，为单元学习做好热身准备。随后，你将进入一个非常重要的学习环节Reading 板块。在这里，你将有机会阅读关

4、于饮食文化、音乐作品、绘画流派以及诗歌鉴赏等话题的语篇，感受真实、地道、优美的英语，了解中外优秀文化。你可以通过一系列多维度、分层次的阅读活动，深入探究主题意义，提升语言能力、文化意识和思维品质。来到 Grammar and usage 板块，你将在语篇中观察、探究语法现象，自主归纳语法规则，并在新的语境和活动中正确使用语法。接下来，在 Integrated skills 板块，你将综合运用听、说、读、看、写的技能，完成语言技能融合的活动。随后，在 Extended reading 板块，你将进行拓展阅读，通过观点表达等活动，进一步探究主题意义，获得对饮食文化的新认识，提升对文学艺术的鉴赏能力

5、。在 Project 板块，你将和同学一起开展合作学习、探究学习，完成一项综合性、实践性活动。Assessment 板块以开放性问题的形式提供自评、互评等多种评价方式，促使你及时反思并调整学习行为，提升学习能力，使学习更有成效。在 Further study 板块，你可以根据自身的学习情况来选择教材推荐的资源在课后进行自主学习、拓展学习，继续体验英语学习的快乐。祝你在这段英语学习之旅中，带着梦想，快乐而自信地前行！普通高中教科书英语编写组2020 年 12 月前 言UnitWelcome to the unitReadingGrammar and usageIntegrated skills1

6、 Food matters(p.1)(p.1)A videoComfort food(p.2)A magazine articleTip:Understanding definitions in a text(p.4)To-infinitives as subjects and predicatives(p.6)Introducing your favourite food(p.8)Tip:Using rhetorical questions in conversation(p.10)2 The universal language(p.15)(p.15)Two postersUndersta

7、nding culture through music(p.16)Two emailsVerb-ing forms as subjects and objects(p.20)Introducing your favourite singer or band(p.22)3 The art of painting(p.29)(p.29)Four picturesFirst impressions(p.30)A travel journalTip:Establishing word families from root words(p.33)Verb-ing and verb-ed forms as

8、 predicatives(p.34)Giving instructions for making an unusual picture(p.36)Tip:Identifying examples(p.36)4 Exploring poetry(p.43)(p.43)Two poemsHow to read a poem(p.44)A lecture transcriptTips:Reading a text critically(p.46)Forming compound adjectives(p.47)Overview of to-infinitives,verb-ing and verb

9、-ed forms(p.48)Interpreting a poem(p.50)Tip:Understanding a lecture(p.51)Appendices:Text notes(p.81)Grammar notes(p.94)TasteCONTENTSExtended readingProjectAssessmentFurther studyWorkbook Eating in China(p.11)Three blog entriesMaking a dish(p.13)(p.14)(p.14)Exploring language(p.57)Building skills(p.5

10、9)Appreciating language(p.62)Beethoven:a remarkable life(p.25)A magazine articleTip:Identifying flashback in a text(p.26)Making a profile of an English song(p.27)(p.28)(p.28)Exploring language(p.63)Building skills(p.65)Appreciating language(p.68)Qingming Scroll(p.39)An essayMaking a poster about a p

11、ainter(p.41)(p.42)(p.42)Exploring language(p.69)Building skills(p.71)Appreciating language(p.74)Li Bai and his romantic poetry(p.53)An essayGiving a poetry recital(p.55)Tip:Reading a poem aloud(p.55)(p.56)(p.56)Exploring language(p.75)Building skills(p.77)Appreciating language(p.80)Wordlists(p.98)Ir

12、regular verbs(p.119)1Food matters UNIT 1Food matters Food is as fundamental to man as the people are to the state.Chen ShouIn this unit,you are going to:read a magazine article about comfort food;write an article about your favourite food;read three blog entries about some traditional Chinese foods;

13、make a dish.1 Which of the dishes in the video would you like to try most?Why?2 What do you think is the most typical Chinese food?Welcome to the unit Each country has its typical food.Watch the video and finish the following exercises.Fish and chips from the UK consists of deep-fried fish and _ chi

14、ps.Sushi from Japan comes in _ and is very popular partly because of its freshness and convenience.A taco,a traditional Mexican dish,is made up of a _ or wheat pancake rolled around a filling.Pasta from Italy is typically made from flour,water and sometimes _.2Unit 1Whenever I feel lonely,I have a s

15、ecret recipe that never fails:rice,milk and sugar,cooked low and slow.No matter how bad my mood is,that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits.Sometimes the smell alone can do the trick,not to mention the lovely creamy flavour,which works like a time machine immediately transporting

16、 me back to my sunny childhood.With pleasure,I remember the lazy Sunday afternoons I used to spend in the warmth of my grandmas flat,listening to her wonderful stories and greedily eating bowl after bowl of her delicious rice pudding.I take my time over every spoonful,gently rolling the silky desser

17、t around my mouth and enjoying the perfect marriage of rice and milk.Before I know it,Im happy again.My experience with rice pudding illustrates the unique power of“comfort food”.In its broadest sense,comfort food refers to any food that makes us feel better.In this article,we will talk about a part

18、icular type of comfort food whose power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind.It often makes up for bad feelings by helping us recall happy memories of the people,things or places we love.Our comfort foods are highly individual.They vary from person to person,depending on our own unique e

19、xperiences that have shaped our lives.If we grow Food keeps us healthy and energetic.It can also do more than that.The article below,from a food magazine,discusses the idea of comfort food.Before you read the article,think about the following questions:What do you think the article will talk about a

20、ccording to the title?What foods can have an impact on your feelings?Reading510153up eating certain foods in our family,then those foods tend to be linked with positive emotions.For example,we often connect chicken soup with a happy childhood and its flavour becomes tied up with the feeling of being

21、 taken care of.When we eat it again,we unlock memories of a time when we were loved and looked after,and this cheers us up.The feeling of happiness and sense of belonging can become particularly important for people who move away from their home country.According to some food experts,there are some

22、aspects of culture that people will lose right away,but with food,there are more opportunities to connect to memory,family and place.It is hardest to give up the food that you grow up with.Of course,each persons comfort food largely depends on where they come fromfor a Chinese it might be a plate of

23、 dumplings with a saucer of vinegar,and for a native of the UK it might be the classic fish and chips,served hot,salty and sour.One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots,giving us the“taste of home”that we cry out for and relieving feelings of homesickness.Thats certainly true

24、 for me.Comfort food tastes good and by building an emotional bond with our happy memories,always makes us feel good.It isnt just a bowl of noodles or chicken soup.Its food for the soul.20253035Food matters 4Unit 1A3 In pairs,discuss the following questions.1 How does the author introduce the topic

25、of comfort food?What do you think of this technique?2 What foods can remind you of your happy memories?Describe the memories they recall.3 In your opinion,is there any difference between ones comfort food and favourite food?Give your reasons.A2 Read the article again carefully and answer the followi

26、ng questions.A Understanding the textA1 Read the article and complete the chart below with the main idea of each paragraph.Para.1:Rice pudding cheers me up whenever I feel unhappy.Para.2:_Para.3:_Para.4:_Para.5:_1 What does the author compare the flavour of the rice pudding to in the first paragraph

27、?_2 What is comfort food in its broadest sense?_3 According to the third paragraph,how does comfort food such as chicken soup cheer us up?_4 For people who move away from their home country,what largely determines their comfort food?_TipIn some texts definitions are given to key concepts with such e

28、xpressions as refer to.In some cases,in a broad sense or in a narrow sense is used to make the definition more accurate.Understanding definitions in a text5Food matters B3 The article uses different phrases to express“to make sb think of sth”and“to make sb feel better”.Find these expressions in the

29、article and improve the sentences below by varying the language.Learn this It is important to vary your language in your writing so that readers do not get bored.To achieve this,you can use words and phrases with similar meanings.Breakfast is an important meal and what people eat for breakfast is qu

30、ite different.People from different places and with different eating habits tend to eat different things for breakfast.B2 The article uses several phrasal verbs with“up”.Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the phrasal verbs in the left box.There are two phrasal verbs you do NOT need to

31、use.Then think of more phrasal verbs with“up”.When we are in low spirits,we may(1)_ things that give us comfort and a sense of security.Since it brings back happy memories of the past or offers an opportunity to connect with our home culture,comfort food can often(2)_.However,there is another type o

32、f comfort food,which generates positive(3)_ in a different way.Food high in calories may also make us feel better.As(4)_ like cakes are digested,blood sugar levels can go up quickly.As a result,we will be in a better(5)_ after eating the comfort food.However,the sharp increase in blood sugar will ca

33、use the body to produce a special chemical to remove it.When the chemical lowers blood sugar levels,we are likely to feel sad again and will(6)_ eat more comfort food.There is then the danger of entering a cycle of highs and lows where more and more comfort food,high in carbohydrates,needs to be eat

34、en.This(7)_ with health problems like being overweight.Comfort food is an important tool in helping us(8)_ tension and feel good about ourselves.However,be aware of the hidden dangers of high-calorie comfort food!greedily emotion link cry out formood dessert relieve do the trickB Building your langu

35、ageB1 The passage below is about a different kind of comfort food.Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.cheer upmake up forgive uptake upkeep upset upshow up1 I find it hard to _ my energy right after lunch.2 I waited for half an hour,but he never _.3

36、Lets help _ the stage for the show.4 Have you _ any new hobbies recently?5 The good days can _ the bad ones.6Unit 1Grammar and usageTo-infinitives as subjects and predicativesA Exploring the rulesBelow is a blog entry about eating out and eating at home.Find the sentences that use to-infinitives as

37、subjects or predicatives and fill in the table below.The first ones have been done for you.Working out the rules When the to-infinitive is used as a subject,we usually use the preparatory subject(1)_ at the beginning of the sentence.The to-infinitive can also be used as a predicative.It usually come

38、s after the verb(2)_.Grammar notes page 94Not that long ago,my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant.I was eager to try new restaurants.To eat out was also a social activity,allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends.I often ate out until last month,when I came across a

39、cooking app.There are a variety of recipes in the app to choose from.They are uploaded by users,and offer detailed instructions so that others can follow them step by step.Most of the recipes include photos or videos,which are very useful for beginners.When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a tr

40、y,I discovered that it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish.In the last few weeks,Ive thrown myself into home cooking,from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan.I hardly eat out any more.Not only is cooking at home cheaper,but I can cook exactly what I want.Its heal

41、thier too.No wonder people say nothing beats home cooking!Now I am good at cooking a couple of dishes.My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills.I hope that they will like my cooking!To-infinitives as subjectsTo eat out was also a social activity,To-infiniti

42、ves as predicatives,my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant.7Food matters B2 Below is a lifestyle magazine article.Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.As long as you are not afraid of heights,you will be impressed by Sky Buffet,the latest restaur

43、ant in the city centre.(1)_(locate)at the top of Tower 88,it gives you an amazing view of the bay.Better still,its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable(2)_(see)the scenery outside while having your meal.Since it takes about an hour(3)_(turn)the full 360 degrees,you are unlikely to ge

44、t bored with the scenery.If you want to get the most wonderful views,your best bet is(4)_(sit)by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours.The atmosphere is lively and modern,with its walls(5)_(paint)white and light blue.Sky Buffet serves a menu full of eye-catching Asia

45、n dishes,(6)_(range)from Chinese food to Japanese food.It will be a good idea(7)_(invite)your family and friends over for dinner.Sky Buffet is considered by many locals(8)_(be)the perfect location for a special occasion.B3 Imagine your friend has taken you out to dinner at Sky Buffet.Write a thank-y

46、ou note to your friend,offering to return the favour by inviting him or her to your home for dinner next weekend.Remember to use to-infinitives.Use the expressions below to help you.B Applying the rulesB1 Rewrite the following sentences using to-infinitives according to the requirements in the brack

47、ets.1 The next dish that the cook will prepare is Kung Pao Chicken.(attributive)_2 The preparation of home-cooked meals is easy and enjoyable.(subject)_3 Her dream is that she will open a restaurant some day.(predicative)_4 We will put the potatoes in the pot first in order that they will be cooked

48、quickly.(adverbial of purpose)_5 I consider the Soup of the Day as the best option on the menu.(object complement)_ExpressionsI am writing to It was so kind of you to It was wonderful to I have always wanted to I would like/love to My plan is to 8Unit 1Integrated skillsIntroducing your favourite foo

49、dA Jakes teacher,Mr Guan,is making an announcement about the school Food Festival.Listen and finish the exercises below.A1 Listen to the announcement and decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).A2 Listen to the announcement again and complete the notes below.Cooking classesLea

50、rn how to make different food,e.g.(1)_Food stands Present different kinds of food for students to try Think of(2)_ and make some food according to it Decorate your food stands to(3)_ as many people as possibleA writing competition The article should be of no less than(4)_.You should tell us what you

51、r favourite food is and (5)_ more than other foods.You should hand in the article before(6)_.1 The first school Food Festival took place last year.T/F2 This years Food Festival will be held on 15 March.T/F3 Students can learn about food from many different countries at the Food Festival.T/F4 Changes

52、 can be made to the programme.T/F5 The writing competition will begin on the day of the Food Festival.T/FEvents at the Food Festival9Food matters B Jake and his friend Amy have written about their favourite foods for the competition.Read their articles and pay attention to the descriptions of food.M

53、y favourite food is a popular Italian dessert called tiramisu.I first tried it about two years ago,when I visited a bakery with my parents.Each spoonful of this amazing dessert is a light,creamy experience to remember.There are three layers of the cake and the cheese is between the layers,making the

54、 dessert feel soft and smooth.There is also a bitter taste of coffee but this flavour is not very strong.Tiramisu does not look very attractiveits brown,because of the coffee and dark chocolate,and white,because of the cream and cheesebut all these ingredients make it taste delicious!Since I tried i

55、t for the first time,tiramisu has become my favourite dessert.I have also learnt that the name tiramisu means“cheer me up”in Italian.Whenever I feel unhappy,I eat this dessert and it does make me feel better!Tiramisu cheers me upBy Amy XuOf all the foods I have ever tried,the mooncake is my favourit

56、e.There are many versions of mooncakes from different places around China.They have a variety of fillings and among them I love the sweet red bean filling best.I remember trying my first mooncake with my family when I was very little.We sat outside in my grandparents yard while the full moon shone a

57、bove us.It was a very special moment.My elderly grandmother still bakes mooncakes for the whole family every year.She can turn the flour and red beans into wonderful mooncakes like magic.When she places them on the table,they look adorablesmall,round and shiny golden-brown.The delicious smell soon r

58、eaches my nose and my mouth starts to water.When I pick up a mooncake,it feels warm and heavy in my hand.As I take each bite,the sweet and mild flavour of the red bean filling slowly fills my mouth.The mooncake is always my favourite because of its satisfying taste that is out of this world and the

59、happy memories it brings to mind.Mooncakes:a taste that is out of this world!By Jake Zhao10Unit 1C In pairs,talk about your favourite food.Use the following questions to help you.D Write an article about your favourite food.Use your ideas from part C and the information in parts A and B to help you.

60、What is your favourite food?Why do you like it?(How it looks,smells,tastes and feels in your mouth,how you associate it with a particular experience,etc.)TipA rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question that is asked to emphasize a point or to express feelings and attitudes.F

61、or example,when you ask“How can I forget such a tasty dish?”,you are actually emphasizing that you always remember the dish.Using rhetorical questions in conversation Planning your writing Learning about the text type An article about your favourite food is a piece of descriptive writing which can c

62、reate a vivid picture in readers minds through plenty of sensory details.Learning about the structure When writing an article about your favourite food,you can follow the structure below:State clearly what your favourite food is.Mention your experiences of tasting it,especially for the first time.De

63、scribe the characteristics of the food,such as its appearance,smell,taste and way of cooking.Learning about the language When you describe food,you can use adjectives to create an image of the food in the mind of the reader.Adjectives commonly used to describe food include smelly,bitter,sweet,salty,

64、juicy,creamy,silky,smooth,soft,crisp,etc.Checking your writing Remember to check your writing after you finish and exchange drafts between you and your partner.Pay attention to the following aspects:Punctuation Spelling Grammar Choice of words Style(formal/informal)StructureSelf-review Do you use ad

65、jectives to describe the food?Is your description vivid enough?What changes can you make to improve your writing?Peer review Does your partner think there are enough sensory details in your writing?Which part does your partner find most interesting?11Food matters Extended readingRead the following e

66、ntries from the blog of a food critic who is eating his way through traditional Chinese foods.7 March,Sichuan hot potThe mouth-watering hot pots of Sichuan are as famous overseas as they are in China,and the hot flavour is enough to heat up a cold midwinter evening or to let loose rivers of sweat on

67、 a summer afternoon.I gave it my first try last night,together with a few local friends.As the soup bubbled slowly over a gas burner in the middle of the table,its surface was covered with a beautiful layer of chillies,Sichuan peppers,spring onions and red oil.Slowly at first,and then faster and fas

68、ter,we tipped plates of fresh meat,fish and vegetables into the pot.The hot flavour quickened our laughter and conversation,making the meal the perfect way to relax with friends.Sichuan hot pots are perfect for the damp,foggy climate in which they were invented.They are believed to have started off

69、in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters.In the beginning,the delicious dish was made simply by boiling vegetables,chillies and Sichuan peppers in water.Over time,it has expanded to include multiple options of soups,vegetables,me

70、ats and sauces,appealing to people of different tastes.What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that they offer a great opportunity to socialize with friends since a meal can last for hours.I instantly became a big fan of Sichuan hot pots and Ill soon be back for more!12 August,Nanjing salted duck

71、Salted duck is Nanjings most famous food export.Served plain in thin,white slices,the meat is juicy and salty.Each Nanjing salted duck takes several days to 5101520prepare,and the process includes salting,drying,boiling and cooling.As I finished my first helping on a recent afternoon in Nanjing,my h

72、ost,Chef Zhang,told me a little more about the dish.The countryside around Nanjing has been famous for its ducks for centuries;its countless waterways make the area perfect for raising waterbirds.A local history book from the late Qing Dynasty praised salted duck in particular,saying it was without

73、equal.Traditionally,duck is considered to have cooling properties,so it is appropriate for the hot summer months.Nowadays,people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing!It definitely hit the spot when I tried it,and it has

74、become one of my personal favourites.8 December,Cantonese dim sumIn Guangzhou,morning tea is such an essential part of the daily routine that“Have you had your tea?”has become the local version of“Good morning.”Though teahouses have been common in China since the Tang Dynasty,the Cantonese innovatio

75、n of the mid-19th century was to serve tea together with a variety of light dishes,or dim sum.The concept took off,and today Guangzhous restaurants stimulate customers appetite with over a thousand offerings,each more delicate and delicious than the last.The Cantonese do not hurry over their breakfa

76、sts,as I found when I visited a restaurant in Guangzhous old city centre this morning.The emphasis is rather on conversation about business,family or pleasure,and locals can spend hours together chatting,drinking tea and working their way through the menu.From beef balls to rice noodle rolls,there a

77、re various dishes that have been baked,boiled,steamed or fried.A single visit is not enough to appreciate everything,and I have a long list of dim sum I still need to try.25303540455012Unit 1A Write a summary of each of the three traditional Chinese foods.B What dish is popular in your hometown?Intr

78、oduce it to a foreign traveller.Explain its popularity,history and features.13Food matters DumplingsMain ingredients500 grams of meat,Chinese cabbage,dumpling wrappersInstructions Mix together the meat and the Chinese cabbage.Fill the dumpling wrappers with the mixture.Stick the edges of the dumplin

79、g wrappers together.Boil the dumplings.Set the cooked dumplings on a plate and serve with vinegar.Dos Before mixing,salt the Chinese cabbage,let it rest for 15 minutes and press out extra water.Use water to stick the edges together if necessary.Donts Dont put the dumplings into the water when it is

80、not boiling.Dont overfill the dumplings,or they will fall apart when you boil them.B As a group,research the recipe for your chosen dish.Use the example below to help you.A As a class,discuss dishes from around the world or new dishes you would like to create.Then in groups,choose a dish to research

81、.ProjectMaking a dishC As a group,make a video or take some photos of how you make the dish.Use the example to help you.Then present your video or photos to the rest of the class.14Unit 1Ratatouille is an animated film about Remy,a young rat who dreams of becoming a chef in a famous restaurant.His d

82、ream is encouraged by the restaurants original owner,who believes that anyone can cook,but only the fearless can be great.Watch this film and join in Remys food adventures.“What Happens in Your Brain When You Taste Food”is a video talk given by neuroscientist Camilla Arndal Andersen.She reveals surp

83、rising information about how our brains“taste”food and hopes that her discoveries can help create healthier foods without sacrificing taste.Watch the video talk to find out more about her fascinating research.Further studyAssessmentAnswer the following questions to assess your performance.Then work

84、in groups and exchange your answers with your partners.1 Which key characteristics of comfort food can you identify?2 What do you think of your writing about your favourite food?List 2 or 3 sentences that you are the most satisfied with.3 What can you learn from the blog entries to help you introduc

85、e a popular dish in your hometown?4 Did you have any difficulty doing the project of this unit?If yes,what was it?5 What new words have you learnt from this unit?List some of them.*6 What grammar have you learnt from this unit?Make a sentence with the grammar.*7 What tips have you learnt from this u

86、nit?Make a list of them.8 How are you going to improve your overall performance?Make an action plan.*Assess your learning of vocabulary and grammar by doing language practice on pages 5758.The universal language151 Search online for the pieces of music mentioned in the posters.How do you feel when l

87、istening to them?2 What other musical instruments and famous musical pieces or musicians do you know about?UNIT 2Music is the utmost pleasure in life;music is the clear spring of life;music is the furnace of temperamental refinement.Xian Xinghai The universal languageIn this unit,you are going to:re

88、ad two emails by exchange students about their experiences of discovering new music;write an article about your favourite singer or band;read a magazine article about a classical musician;make a profile of an English song.Welcome to the unitMusical instruments come in a wide range of types.Read the

89、posters below about two important musical instruments and the musicians,and discuss the following questions in pairs.lidkeyboardpedalsstringsPiano Invented in Italy in the early 18th century Erhu Invented in China in the Tang DynastyHua Yanjun Also known as A Bing,a blind erhu artist Famous for Moon

90、light on the Second SpringLiu Tianhua Improved the erhu instrument and its performing techniques Famous for Moon Night and Birdsong over Empty MountainWolfgang Amadeus Mozart An Austrian composer Famous for Symphony No.41(the Jupiter Symphony)and Piano Concerto No.23Frdric Franois Chopin A Polish co

91、mposer and pianist Famous for the Minute WaltzheadpegsbowsticksoundboxstringsBy Jessie Cable25 DecemberUnit 216A great way to learn about a new culture is through its music.The emails below are written by two exchange students who are discovering new music in their host countries.Before you read the

92、 emails,think about the following questions:What information do you think the emails contain according to the subjects?Have you watched a music performance live or on TV?What was it like?ReadingHi Lucy,So glad to get your email.I hope everything is fine with you.Last night,I watched a performance of

93、 Butterfly Lovers,a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang.Its a piece that really deserves to be heard.The music took me through the twists and turns of a classic story about a young couple torn apart by their families.When the two lovers,Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai,first m

94、eet,the music is light and pleasant,as if whispering to the audience.It is followed by a fast and cheerful section which represents their three happy years of school.Then the music gets dramatic with heavier notes and that is when the lovers are separated because Zhus father forces her to marry anot

95、her man.Angry and sad,Liang falls sick and dies.Zhu weeps bitterly over the loss of her love.Overcome with sorrow,she jumps into his grave.Finally,during the most exciting part,the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note,telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly a

96、way to be together forever.It is an amazing journey!Butterfly Lovers combines Chinese and Western musical elements:it is played on Western instruments such as the violin,but more significantly,much of the music has its roots in Chinese Yue Opera.This unique combination has made me realize that music

97、 is indeed a universal language.You should definitely listen to Butterfly LoversI bet youll like it!All the best,Alice Alice DuncanLucy BeckerButterfly LoversFromToSubjectSend5101520The universal language17Dear Stephen,Life here in Nashville is as interesting as I thought it would be.My host family

98、are big fans of country music,so I can always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs.I love learning about country music and I keep asking them questions about it all the time!It turns out that country music became popular right here in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread acr

99、oss the nation.It grew out of such music types as the blues and folk music,so the musicians use many similar instruments,such as the guitar.The tunes are easy to sing,and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought.Most of the songs are about hardship and heartbreak,but also about hopewith plenty of

100、humour thrown in for good measure.You can feel an emotional connection between you and the musicians.Country music shows the peaceful green fields and simple life of the countryside.Obviously I dont know what its truly like to grow up in rural America,but the masters of country music,like John Denve

101、r,can make you feel like youre there.The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of countryside surroundings:Almost heaven,West VirginiaBlue Ridge Mountains,Shenandoah RiverLife is old there,older than the treesYounger than the mountains,growing like a breeze(From“Take Me

102、 Home,Country Roads”by John Denver)Why dont you try to listen to some great country music?I guarantee youll enjoy it!Best wishes,HarryToFromSubject510152025Stephen LinHarry YuCountry musicA2 Read the emails again carefully and complete the notes below.A3 In pairs,discuss the following questions.1 Th

103、e violin concerto Butterfly Lovers is a combination of Chinese and Western musical elements.What do you think of this combination?2 What can you know about rural America from“Take Me Home,Country Roads”?3 Both Alice and Harry enjoyed their experiences of music from another culture.What do you think

104、of Alices opinion that“music is indeed a universal language”?The violin concerto Butterfly Lovers takes us through the story of a young couple(1)_.This beautiful piece of music expresses different moodsfirst light and pleasant,then(2)_,next dramatic with heavier notes and finally bittersweet.The pie

105、ce is a perfect combination of Chinese and Western musical elementsit is played on(3)_ such as the violin but has its roots in Chinese Yue Opera.Country music grew out of such music types as(4)_.It became popular in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation.The tunes are ea

106、sy to sing,and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought.Most of the songs are about(5)_.Country music makes you think of the green fields and (6)_.Unit 218A Understanding the textA1 Read the emails and write down the main idea of each paragraph.Alices emailPara.1:I watched a performance of Butterf

107、ly Lovers last night.Para.2:_Para.3:_Harrys emailPara.1:_Para.2:_Para.3:_Para.4:You should listen to some country music.B2 The emails use some music-related vocabulary.Find the words in the emails and think of more on your own.Complete the chart with as many music-related words as you can.The univer

108、sal language19B Building your languageB1 The passage below is an introduction to a concert.Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.B3 Alice uses personification when she describes the violin concerto Butterfly Lovers.Find the sentence and describe your f

109、avourite piece of music using personification.Learn this With personification,a thing is described like a human being.This way,the description becomes more vivid and interesting,enabling the reader to look at the thing in a new and different bine overcome transform rely on deserve pleasant guarantee

110、 for good measureMusic has the power to(1)_ our lives.To give the public more access to music,we will put on a series of free concerts.Music in different styles,from classical to jazz,will be played.You can(2)_ us to show you some of the worlds best-known works.The first of these concerts will be he

111、ld in front of the arch in the downtown square at eight next Friday evening.Come and spend a(3)_ evening with us!At the concert you will enjoy the Yellow River Piano Concerto,one of Chinas greatest contributions to classical music.Like the violin concerto Butterfly Lovers,this piano concerto also(4)

112、_ Chinese and Western musical elements and is well received across the world.The musical piece,an adaptation of Xian Xinghais Yellow River Cantata,tells how the Chinese people,led by the Communist Party of China,fought to(5)_ the Japanese invaders.It consists of four movements:“The Song of the Yello

113、w River Boatmen”,“Ode to the Yellow River”,“The Yellow River in Anger”and“Defend the Yellow River”.The difficult piano solo in particular(6)_ a mention.The concert will end with some short pieces of violin music(7)_.We(8)_ that you will enjoy this concert!MusicInstruments_Types_JobsPerformers_People

114、 behind the scenes_Grammar and usageVerb-ing forms as subjects and objectsA Exploring the rulesBelow is a story about a musician and his friend in ancient China.Find the sentences that use verb-ing forms as subjects or objects and fill in the table below.The first ones have been done for you.In Chin

115、as Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods,there lived a man named Boya,who was a master of the qin.Playing the qin was his life.He played so well that everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques.However,Boya believed no one could understand his music until he m

116、et Zhong Ziqi.Boya did not say anything before playing the qin,yet Zhong Ziqi was able to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind.When Boya continued playing,Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly.In fact,Boya had intended to call the piece High Mountains and

117、Flowing Water.Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya,who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.The two soon became great friends and before going their separate ways,they agreed to meet at the Mid-Autumn Festival the next year.However,Zhong Ziqi failed to show up

118、 on that day.When Boya learnt about Zhong Ziqis death,he was overcome with sorrow.He played High Mountains and Flowing Water in front of Zhong Ziqis grave.After he finished playing the piece,he destroyed the qin and said,“Since the only person that understands my music is gone,its no use keeping the

119、 qin.”Verb-ing forms as subjectsPlaying the qin was his life.Verb-ing forms as objects everyone enjoyed listening Unit 220 Grammar notes page 94 When the verb-ing form is used as the subject of a sentence,we can sometimes use the preparatory subject it at the beginning of the sentence.The verb-ing f

120、orm can also be used as the object of a(1)_ or a(2)_.Working out the rulesB2 Below is an article about the music sent into space.Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.The universal language21B Applying the rulesB1 Circle the mistakes and write down the correct form

121、s in the blanks.B3 In pairs,discuss how traditional Chinese music can be appreciated by a larger audience.Make a list of measures,using verb-ing forms as subjects or objects.Use the example below to help you.1 Listen to music is my favourite thing to do._2 I really enjoy to read biographies of music

122、ians._3 Its no use try to play the violin if youre not going to give it your best shot._4 Would you mind to teach me how to play the guitar?_5 These instruments were meant for play traditional Chinese music._If you have to choose music from the Earth to send into space,what music do you think is cap

123、able of(1)_(represent)mankind?The sound of the Chinese qin is one answer to this question.In 1977,two spacecraft called Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were sent out(2)_(explore)the solar system.On both spacecraft,there is a selection of music from our planet.(3)_(send)music into outer space was the idea of

124、 the famous scientist Carl Sagan,who believed intelligent life existed on other planets.The music was intended as a universal language to greet intelligent life in space(if there is any).A group of scientists and artists got down to(4)_(choose)suitable music.Of course,they had trouble(5)_(select)whi

125、ch pieces of music to include.In the end,27 different pieces of music(6)_(last)90 minutes were put on the spacecraft.China is represented by a recording of Guan Pinghu(7)_(play)an ancient piece called Flowing Water on the Chinese instrument qin.It is said that Boya wrote it.It took about 40 years fo

126、r the Voyager spacecraft(8)_(enter)the space between the stars.We do not know what will happen in the end,but maybe the sound of the qin will one day be heard on a distant planet.ExampleHolding music festivals will give the public more chances to appreciate traditional Chinese music.Unit 222Integrat

127、ed skillsIntroducing your favourite singer or bandA Jacky is listening to a school radio programme about music.Listen and finish the exercises below.A1 Listen to the radio programme and decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).1 Hot Hits and Super Sounds is being broadcast for

128、the first time.T/F2 The programme lasts for an hour every day.T/F3 Listeners can choose songs to be played for their friends.T/F4 Listeners stories will be shared on the radio every other week.T/FA2 Listen to the radio programme again and complete the notes below.When is the programme?At 12 noon eve

129、ry(1)_What is broadcast?(2)_ as well as old catchy tunes Different types of music,from the blues to jazz,from pop to(3)_ Stories about(4)_How can listeners take part?Let the host know what they want to hear by getting in touch on(5)_ Share their personal musical journey and be invited to be(6)_Hot H

130、its and Super SoundsThe universal language23TheFab FourI remember getting ready for school one morning when the radio presenter announced that he was going to play the latest single by the Beatles.I rushed down the stairs as fast as I could to get nearer to the radio.This was 1965 and the whole coun

131、try was in a state of“Beatlemania”and I was their biggest fan!I turned up the volume and stood staring at the radio,holding my breath and waiting for the first notes of the song.It was definitely the Beatles.Paul McCartneys voice was unmistakable but the sound was different.When the song had finishe

132、d,I stood not knowing whether I liked it or not.However,this was not unusual.Different beats,tunes and a combination of different instruments meant that it took time for me to uncover the beauty of the song.Once that happened,I knew I would love the song forever.Yes,I was their biggest fan and I cou

133、ldnt wait to hear this song again and again until it became my favourite song from my favourite band.During the 1960s,the Beatles were not just a band;they were a force for change.They exploded onto the music scene in 1962 as four young men with unique haircuts.They immediately grabbed the attention

134、 of young people and soon the youth of the country were being swept along on waves of joyous rock and roll music and the hope for a better future.Today,I have in my collection every disc ever made by the Beatles.I truly love their music and enjoy looking at their musical journey from basic rock and

135、roll,through their experimentation with more complicated and progressive sounds,and then back to the less complicated music of their final records.Whenever I listen to“She Loves You”,I am instantly taken back to my teenage years.I can picture my bedroom decorated with posters of the Fab Four smiling

136、 down at me and I can see myself riding my bicycle through country lanes singing“yeah,yeah,yeah”at the top of my voice.Yes,the Beatless music has accompanied me throughout my life.It has helped me look to the future with expectation and now it helps me reflect on my life with quiet satisfaction.B Af

137、ter listening to the radio programme,Jacky has found an article about his favourite band.Read the article and pay attention to its structure.Unit 224C In pairs,talk about your favourite singer or band.Use the following questions and expressions to help you.Who is your favourite singer or band?What d

138、o you like about the singer or band?What are your favourite songs by the singer or band?How do you feel when you listen to them?What are the highlights of the singers or bands music career?Can you think of a memorable time when you listened to the singers or bands songs?What was it like?D Write an a

139、rticle about your favourite singer or band.Use your ideas from part C and the information in parts A and B to help you.ExpressionsAsking for further information Could you tell me more about.?I wonder if you could say more about.Id like to know more about.Could you tell me something about that?Im rea

140、lly interested in.Could you tell me a little bit more?Planning your writing Learning about the structure When writing an article about your favourite singer or band,you can follow the structure below:Give some basic information of your favourite singer or band.Introduce the features and influences o

141、f the singers or bands music and explain why you like the singer or band.Describe an unforgettable memory related to the singer or band.This can also be put at the beginning of your writing.Learning about the language Use words about emotions to tell readers how you feel.Adjectives expressing positi

142、ve feelings include amazed,delighted,joyous,overjoyed,cheerful,excited,satisfied,relieved,energetic,calm and peaceful.You might use such words as lonely,anxious,nervous,bored,depressed,frustrated,upset,worried and stressed when you describe how the music helps you get rid of negative feelings.Checki

143、ng your writing Remember to check your writing after you finish and exchange drafts between you and your partner.Pay attention to the following aspects:Punctuation Spelling Grammar Choice of words Style(formal/informal)StructureSelf-review What mistakes do you find in your writing?How can you correc

144、t them?Peer review What suggestions does your partner give to improve your writing?How can you improve your writing?Beethoven:a remarkable lifeThe universal language25Extended readingRead the magazine article about the great classical musician Ludwig van Beethoven.5101520On 7 May 1824,a crowd of mus

145、ic lovers streamed into a theatre in Vienna to hear the first-ever performance of the great Ludwig van Beethovens Symphony No.9.The crowd immediately recognized that they were listening to something truly special,and they broke into enthusiastic cheers at the end of the symphony.Beethoven,who was al

146、most completely deaf at this point in his life,was unaware of the audiences response until one of the singers turned him around to face the crowd.Before him,he saw a sea of people all standing,clapping,and waving their hats and handkerchiefs to express their appreciation of his masterwork.Symphony N

147、o.9 was Beethovens last major piece of music in a vast body of works written throughout his remarkable life.As a gifted child,Beethoven was pushed by his father to study music day and night.Not long after,he began to be appreciated for his piano performances.By the time he was a teenager,he had alre

148、ady enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician.Many important figures in the music world,including the brilliant musician Mozart,started making predictions about Beethovens extraordinary future.However,life took a sharp turn.In his late twenties,Beethoven suffered one of the worst possible t

149、wists for a musician:he started to lose his hearing.The loss of his hearing deeply depressed Beethoven.He was so upset that,at first,he wanted to keep it a secret.In a letter to his brothers,he wrote,“how could I possibly admit a weakness in the one sense which should be more perfect in TipIn some t

150、exts,the events are not put exactly in time order;instead,an event that happened earlier is put in the middle of the main story,which is called flashback.You can tell you are reading a flashback when the story goes back to the past with a change of scene.There is usually a transitional sentence indi

151、cating the change.Identifying flashback in a textUnit 226A In pairs,discuss the following questions.1 What is the structure of the article?2 What was the biggest problem Beethoven faced in his life?How did he try to overcome this problem?3 How can you briefly introduce Beethovens Symphony No.9 using

152、 the information in the article?25303540me than in others,a sense which I once possessed in the greatest perfection”Even in his darkest moments,however,Beethoven never abandoned hope.Despite his hearing loss,he was determined to find a way to continue living a life full of music.He used a variety of

153、 hearing aids to try to increase the amount of sound he could take in.When composing music at the piano,he would put one end of a pencil in his mouth and place the other end against the instrument so that he could feel the notes.Although Beethoven was able to continue composing music,it became incre

154、asingly difficult for him to perform in public.When Beethoven presented Symphony No.9 in Vienna in 1824,it was his first time on stage in over ten years.Since that day,Beethovens Symphony No.9 has become one of the most famous and treasured pieces in the history of classical music.The first movement

155、 starts quietly,but all of a sudden the whole orchestra breaks into an energetic theme.You can soon feel the determinationa quality Beethoven understood well because of his hearing difficultiescoursing through the music.The next two movements are full of desperate lows and uplifting highs which perh

156、aps reflect both his suffering and his strong will to fight it.The music moves through technically difficult sections with ease,showing his genius as a composer.Finally,in the fourth movement,he connects all of the different variations into a joyful chorus.As Beethovens last great work,his Symphony

157、No.9 was also a grand finale to his lifehe died less than three years after the concert in Vienna,aged 56.For his amazing achievements and for his determination even in his darkest days,Beethoven is regarded as one of the most remarkable musicians who ever lived.B What do you think makes a great mus

158、ician?Make a list of the qualities and explain why they are important.The universal language27ProjectMaking a profile of an English songA As a class,discuss English songs you know and like.Then in groups,choose a song to research.B As a group,research your chosen song.Use the ideas below to help you

159、.C As a group,put together your information to make your profile.Use the example below to help you.Then present your profile to the rest of the class and sing the song as a group.It is the theme song from Disneys 2016 hit film Zootopia.It was sung by Shakira,who took on the role of a pop singer name

160、d Gazelle in the film Zootopia.It combines rhythms from Western and Latin American pop music.It has a strong beat and a catchy chorus.It has an uplifting message about the determination to work hard towards your goals.Try EverythingBasic informationStyleMeaningSongBackgroundSinger/BandLyricsStyleMea

161、ningUnit 228Further studyThe Sound of Music is a musical drama film about how a family strengthen their love for each other through music.This long-lasting classic film is widely known around the world and its catchy songs are still well loved today.Watch it to find out more about this touching stor

162、y.Vie de Beethoven,a book by Romain Rolland,reveals a lifelike impression of Beethoven.Readers can get to know that Beethoven was a strong and pure man,and that despite all his sufferings,he never gave up and emerged as a conqueror.Read the English version of the book to learn more about the talente

163、d musician.AssessmentAnswer the following questions to assess your performance.Then work in groups and exchange your answers with your partners.1 In the exchange students emails,what shows that music is a good way to learn about culture?2 Did you have any difficulty when you wrote the article about

164、your favourite singer or band?If yes,what was it?3 How does the article about Beethovens remarkable life inspire you during difficult times?4 While doing the project of this unit,what contribution did you make to your group?5 What new words have you learnt from this unit?List some of them.*6 What gr

165、ammar have you learnt from this unit?Make a sentence with the grammar.*7 What tip have you learnt from this unit?Provide an example to show how it helps you with your learning.8 How are you going to improve your overall performance?Make an action plan.*Assess your learning of vocabulary and grammar

166、by doing language practice on pages 6364.The art of painting Portrait painting Still life painting Landscape painting Cityscape painting Real-life painting History paintingUNIT 3The art of paintingPainting is silent poetry,and poetry is painting that speaks.Simonides of CeosIn this unit,you are goin

167、g to:read a travel journal about a visit to an art museum;write instructions on how to make an unusual picture;read an essay on a famous Chinese painting;make a poster about a painter.Welcome to the unitThe art of painting has a long history and there are different types of painting.Look at the pain

168、tings below and discuss the following questions in pairs.1 Which type do you think each of the paintings belongs to?Why?2 What famous painters and paintings do you know about?Below is a list of some popular types of painting:1 32 429Unit 33 JuneParis,France As a huge art fan,I knew exactly what I wa

169、s looking forward to most about my trip to Paris:visiting the Muse dOrsay.Housed in an old railway building,this world-famous art museum features some of the best-known paintings from the Impressionist movement of the 19th century.As I wandered through the Impressionist gallery,I appreciated masterp

170、ieces like The Ballet Class and The Card Players.Even though I had admired them hundreds of times on my computer screen,nothing could have prepared me for the wonder I felt when I finally laid eyes on the real thing.While it was hard to pick a favourite painting out of so many amazing works,the arti

171、sts who made the deepest impression on me were two of the greatest Impressionist painters,Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir.I could see from Monets works that he was greatly inspired by nature.In the last three decades of his life he painted mostly scenes from his garden.One of these scenes is

172、shown in the famous piece Blue Water Lilies,which I studied for quite a while in the gallery.I couldnt believe it when I heard he did around 250 paintings Visiting museums is a very rewarding experience.The travel journal below is about a visit to an art museum.Before you read the travel journal,thi

173、nk about the following questions:What do you think the travel journal talks about according to the title and the pictures?Why do people visit art museums?Reading5101530The art of paintingof the same water lily pond,all in different colours and styles.It is amazing that every time Monet studied this

174、simple scene,he brought the ponds beauty to the canvas in a unique way.Renoir,I noticed,preferred to paint scenes of everyday life.For me,the most interesting of his paintings is his 1876 masterpiece Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette,which shows life in a busy neighbourhood of Paris on a Sunday after

175、noon.When I saw it up close,I was struck by the small areas of light across the painting,and the way the soft edges of the figures seemed to mix together.Theres so much going on,but so little clear detail.This effect makes the lively movement of the dance almost jump out at the viewer.Although the p

176、aintings had very different settings,it was their similarities that stayed with me long after I left the Muse dOrsaysimilarities which can be seen throughout the Impressionists paintings.Monet and Renoir,along with other like-minded artists,sought liberation from the rules of the old style.Everyday

177、subject matter was the main focus of their works,as opposed to the history paintings that had traditionally dominated European art.They employed free brushwork and used colours to show the effect of light on things,creating paintings that were far less realistic than the works that came before.To me

178、,these techniques are the essence of the Impressionist view of art.Impressionist artists did not try to paint every detail in a scenejust a brief“impression”they had at that moment,burning with vivid colours and light,before it disappeared.The Impressionists vision inspired a whole new generation of

179、 Post-Impressionist painters such as Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin,whose works are also displayed at the Muse dOrsay.It is also worthy of note that Post-Impressionist painters were not the only ones to be influenced by Impressionismthe movement has had a lasting influence on modern art,encouragi

180、ng artists to look at the world from an entirely new point of view.It certainly left a lasting impression on me too!202530354031A2 Read the travel journal again carefully and decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).Note down the sentences in the travel journal that support the

181、 true statements and correct the false statements.A3 In pairs,discuss the following questions.1 Which of the following do you think is most likely to be an Impressionist painting?Give your reasons.2 If you were a tour guide of the Muse dOrsay,how would you introduce the museum to the visitors?Unit 3

182、A Understanding the textA1 Read the travel journal and write down the main idea of each part in the chart below.Para.1Paras.24Paras.561 The author was most impressed by Monet and Renoir.T/F_2 Renoirs masterpiece Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette is very detailed.T/F_3 The Impressionists tried to pain

183、t extremely realistic paintings.T/F_4 The Impressionists showed the effect of light on things with colours.T/F_5 Van Gogh was influenced by Impressionism.T/F_32Vincent van Gogh was one of the most gifted artists of his generation.He began working in an art(1)_ when he was 16 years old.However,it was

184、 not until more than a(2)_ later that he started to seriously consider being an artist himself.Van Gogh became depressed after he moved to London.In 1880,he took up painting,from which he drew much comfort.As he began to(3)_ a talent for painting,he realized that art was his true calling.He was very

185、 impressed by the artworks of the master painter Rembrandt when he(4)_ them.In 1886,he moved to Paris to live with his brother,who introduced him to some Impressionist artists.He began to form his own style,(5)_ thick,unmixed paint.This resulted in(6)_ colours,similar to those in the Impressionist p

186、aintings.However,Van Goghs works had strong lines,(7)_ the softer edges of Impressionism.He made friends with Paul Gauguin,who shared the same(8)_,and they became known as Post-Impressionists.Although he was a genius,Van Gogh was not yet appreciated in the art world.He only sold one painting during

187、his lifetime,but these days,his works are enjoyed by people around the world.The art of paintingVerbsNounsAdjectivesimpressimpression,Impressionism,ImpressionistimpressivedominateliberationemployinfluenceTipB3 The travel journal uses several words and structures to make comparisons.Find the examples

188、 of comparison in the travel journal and improve the sentences below.Learn this When describing either the similarities or the differences between two things,pay attention to the following expressions:Describing similarities:share,be similar to,like,as.asDescribing differences:as opposed to,in contr

189、ast to,be different from,than,unlikeThe Louvre Museum is located in Paris.It houses more than 7,500 paintings ranging from the 13th century to 1848.The Muse dOrsay is also located in Paris.It is mainly devoted to French art between 1848 and 1914.employ display decade lay eyes ongallery vision vivid

190、as opposed toB2 The travel journal uses some words created from the same root word.Note the following words and think of more words from the same root word.Then fill in the table below with as many words as you can.B Building your languageB1 The passage below is about the great painter Vincent van G

191、ogh.Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.We can form some English words by adding suffixes to the same root word and together they form a word family.Establishing word families is an effective way to enlarge your vocabulary.Establishing word families

192、from root words33Grammar and usageVerb-ing and verb-ed forms as predicativesA Exploring the rulesBelow is a blog entry about appreciating art in the digital age.Find the sentences that use verb-ing or verb-ed forms as predicatives and fill in the table below.The first ones have been done for you.Uni

193、t 3 Grammar notes page 95 When used as the predicative,the verb-ing or verb-ed form is connected to the subject by a(1)_.The(2)_ form is often used to describe a thing or a situation;the(3)_ form is often used to describe how a person feels.As I wandered in the National Gallery,I was amazed to see a

194、ll the paintings.I wondered at the skill of the artists,their use of colour and how they played with light and shade.I observed the brushwork they used to enhance their works.I enjoyed the whole experienceto be able to bathe my senses in this palace of human creativity.It was surprising then to see

195、so many people viewing important and precious artworks through their smartphones.It might sound shocking,but they seemed more interested in taking photos and recording videos of artworks than appreciating them with their own eyes.How was it possible,I wondered,to truly appreciate the human touch of

196、a great painting when it was reduced to a few million pixels?Looking at artworks through smartphones,I thought,was like trying to appreciate the countryside without being able to hear the birds sing,feel the breeze against my face or smell the flowers.Moving slowly through the National Gallery,I was

197、 determined to keep my smartphone in my bag and appreciate each individual painting with the best camera in the world:my own eyes.Verb-ing forms as predicativesIt was surprising then.Verb-ed forms as predicatives.,I was amazed to see all the paintings.Working out the rules34B2 Below is a magazine ar

198、ticle discussing measures taken by museums to encourage people to appreciate art with their own eyes.Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below.The art of paintingB Applying the rulesB1 Complete the following sentences using the correct verb-ing or verb-ed forms of the

199、 verbs in the brackets.B3 In pairs,describe the paintings below using verb-ing and verb-ed forms as predicatives.1 The art show in town next week sounds _(appeal).2 The old man was _(amaze)by the paintings on show.3 I find the soft colours in this painting very _(relax).4 The public were _(please)th

200、at they would have free access to these exhibitions.5 The gallery staff looked very _(tire)after working all day.You walk into a museum,stop in front of a masterpiece and wish to observe it up close.Instead of having a good view of it,however,you see nothing but raised arms and smartphones!Isnt it(1

201、)_?Nowadays,the use of smartphones in museums continues to rise and art experts are(2)_ about how to get people to truly appreciate artworks rather than simply take photos or record videos to post on social media.Some museums do not allow photography,which is less about camera flashes and more about

202、 encouraging people to enjoy the experience.Amsterdams Rijksmuseum,for example,has waged the Big Draw campaign,where visitors are encouraged to keep their smartphones in their pockets or bags and pick up paper and pencils instead.The national museum is hoping to help visitors discover and appreciate

203、 the beauty of art,architecture and history through drawing.Some museums are also asking people to get(3)_ before their visit by learning about the artworks first.Hopefully,with these measures,the experience of visiting museums will be more(4)_ than simply recording everything with a smartphone.Ther

204、e have already been some signs of improvement,which is very(5)_,but theres still a long way to go.prepare concern encourage satisfy surprise35Unit 3Integrated skillsGiving instructions for making an unusual pictureA Lisa has found a TV programme about the use of unusual materials in art.Watch the TV

205、 programme and finish the exercises below.A1 Watch the TV programme and answer the following questions.1 What do many creative artists use to make their artworks?_2 What is Jane Perkins well known for?_3 What may an artist think of the things that we regard as rubbish?_4 What plays an important role

206、 in finding inspiration for your art from nature?_A2 Watch the TV programme again and complete the notes below.Jane Perkinss ideas Where she finds unusual art materials In rubbish bins(1)_ At car boot sales Unusual art materials she has used(2)_(3)_The speakers suggestions How to find inspiration fo

207、r your art(4)_ outside Easily found art materials Leaves(5)_(6)_ SandTipThe speaker often uses examples to help the audience understand the main idea better as well as to present the topic in a more interesting way.When you listen,pay attention to expressions that signal examples,e.g.for example,for

208、 instance,such as.Identifying examplesUsing unusual materials in art36The art of paintingB Lisa wants to create art using unusual materials and she has found some instructions for making unusual pictures.Read the instructions and pay attention to the structure.Have you ever tried to make art out of

209、food?Its simple!Follow the steps below to see just how easy it can be to make bright,colourful portraits out of common food in the kitchen.What you need A large piece of toast A variety of vegetables A knifeWhat to doStep 1:Lay your toast out on the table.Step 2:Cut the vegetables to create differen

210、t parts of the face.For example,red peppers can be used to make the mouth.Slices of garlic can be used to create teeth.Mushrooms can be used for eyes.Step 3:Arrange the vegetables on the toast to create your portrait.The best part about this art project is that you can eat it when youre done!But bef

211、ore you do,make sure you take a photo of it.That way,your art can live on long after dinner time!Making a seashell pictureA day at the beach is a perfect start to this art project!Making pictures out of raw materials like seashells can be a fun challenge.Seashells come in many varieties,so there are

212、 endless possibilities for the kinds of pictures you can create.Things you need Seashells A piece of cardboard GlueProceduresStep 1:Collect a bag of seashells from the beach.Step 2:Decide what image you want to create with your seashells and select seashells of different shapes and sizes.Step 3:Arra

213、nge your seashells on the cardboard to create your image.Step 4:Stick each seashell to the cardboard using glue.Display your seashell picture for your family and friends to see!How to make an amazing food portrait37D Write your step-by-step instructions for creating an unusual picture.Use your ideas

214、 from part C and the information in parts A and B to help you.Unit 3C In pairs,discuss how you will create a picture using unusual materials.Use the following questions and expressions to help you.What image will you create?What materials and tools will you use for your picture?What steps will you t

215、ake to create the picture?ExpressionsDescribing proceduresfirst/firstly/to begin with/to start withit is followed by./the next step is.at the same timeas soon as.in the end/finally/lastly Planning your writing Learning about the text type Instructions are the written information that tells readers h

216、ow to do or use something.This type of writing is supposed to include enough details so that readers can follow easily.Learning about the structure When writing step-by-step instructions for creating an unusual picture,you can follow the structure below:Start with a brief introduction explaining wha

217、t kind of unusual picture will be created.List the things needed to make the picture.You can use a heading like“What you need”,“Things you need”or“Materials and tools”.Give well-organized directions under the heading of“What to do”,“Procedures”or“Directions”.You can use numbers when listing the step

218、s in order.Make sure to include key points and important warnings.Learning about the language Make your sentences short and clear.Use the imperative mood or passive voice in each step.Checking your writingRemember to check your writing after you finish and exchange drafts between you and your partne

219、r.Pay attention to the following aspects:Punctuation Spelling Grammar Choice of words Style(formal/informal)StructureSelf-review Does your writing include all the important information?How can you improve your writing?Peer review What steps does your partner advise you to improve?What changes can yo

220、u make accordingly?38Qingming Scroll The art of paintingZhang Zeduans Qingming Scroll is a masterwork of Chinese art.Painted on a five-metre-long silk scroll,it offers an important insight into life in China in the 12th century.It is commonly believed that the city described in the painting is Bianj

221、ing(present-day Kaifeng),the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty.The ancient scroll has survived the test of time remarkably well,and is currently housed in the Palace Museum in Beijing.The scroll consists of three main sections.The first section presents a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjin

222、g,featuring crop fields,a river winding through the landscape,and farmers hard at work.The second section shows the riverbanks and the central bridge alive with activity as boats sail in and out of Bianjing.Civilians can also be seen walking through the city gate in both directions.The third and fin

223、al section pictures life inside the city itself.Here,hundreds of people from all walks of life,including butchers,hairdressers and government officials,can be seen going about their daily business.The combination of these three sections gives the viewer an idea of what life was like for the people o

224、f Bianjing.Zhangs amazing artistic technique is apparent all across the scroll.Using ink on silk,he creates realistic images of scenery,buildings and people,and displays a remarkable mastery of perspective.The most impressive aspect of the painting,however,is probably Zhangs precise brushwork.This w

225、ell-developed ability,as well as the scrolls ambitious size,allows Zhang to show an enormous amount of detailyou could study the painting for hours and still discover something new.Read the essay on the famous Chinese painting,the Qingming Scroll.5101520Extended reading39Unit 32530354045Thanks to al

226、l this fine detail,the Qingming Scroll provides a comprehensive look at life during the Northern Song Dynasty.It reveals a great deal about the 12th-century Chinese customs,clothing,transportation methods,business practices,and a wide range of buildings,such as temples,teahouses and government struc

227、tures.At first sight,the overall scene of life in the capital city appears peaceful and cheerful.However,some critics suggest that on closer inspection,the painting actually exposes serious political and social problems.Some boats carrying food do not seem to belong to the government,which suggests

228、that the government has lost control of food supplies and transportation.Also in the painting are soldiers who appear to ignore their duties.There are some less obvious indicators of trouble too.For example,in the centre of the scroll,a boat is in danger of crashing into the bridge.These sorts of de

229、tails point to a crisis developing in the city.In fact,the Northern Song Dynasty was in decline by this stage.About twenty years after the painting was completed,it was overthrown.Zhangs timeless scroll is an important example of realism in the history of Chinese paintings.Its value is down not only

230、 to its great scale,artistic quality and attention to detail,but also to its representation of daily life.Such is its worth that several later emperors even asked the most talented artists of their day to make copies of the scroll.Some of these copies are now regarded as precious works of art in the

231、ir own right.With the Qingming Scroll,Zhang made an outstanding contribution to Chinese art and greatly influenced generations of future artists.The original scroll is still in one piece despite its age,but it is extremely delicate.Because of this,it is not often displayed to the public.The last tim

232、e it was on exhibition,crowds waited in line for hours for the rare chance to see the famous painting with their own eyes.The publics continued enthusiasm about the Qingming Scroll,even after all these centuries,speaks volumes about the power of this historic piece of art.A Write a summary of the es

233、say.Use the following questions to help you.B Museums may choose not to display some masterpieces to protect them from damage,but at the same time the public wish to have more access to them.How can we deal with this issue?Make a list of possible measures.What is the painting about?What technique do

234、es the painter use?What message does the painter want to get across?What is the value of the painting?40The art of paintingProjectMaking a poster about a painterA As a class,discuss painters from different cultures and time periods who represent various artistic styles.Then in groups,choose a painte

235、r to research.B As a group,research your chosen painter.Use the ideas below to help you.C As a group,put together your information to make your poster.Use the example below to help you.Then present your poster to the rest of the class.Personal information Famous works Painting style AchievementsFamo

236、us works Portrait of Ms Jenny(1939)Six Galloping Horses(1942)Painting style Painted mostly in the traditional Chinese style A master of both oils and Chinese ink Combined Chinese brush and ink techniques with Western painting methods to create a new form of art well known for his ink paintings of an

237、imals,especially horses and birdsPersonal information Born in Yixing,Jiangsu Province Began his artistic career by studying calligraphy Studied art in Japan and FranceAchievements Started modern Chinese art education Greatly influenced realist art in modern China(18951953)41Unit 3Further studyThe we

238、bsite of the National Gallery in the UK provides a vast body of information about artwork exhibitions as well as artists.The site includes high-resolution pictures of art exhibits.Visit this site and take a virtual tour to learn more about the museum and the artworks in it.The French Impressionists(

239、18601900)is a book that covers interesting facts about Impressionism and important Impressionist painters.It not only describes the beginning of the movement that produced some of the worlds most famous painters,but also provides detailed analyses of artists techniques and pictures of selected paint

240、ings.Read it and find out what is behind the creation of Impressionist art.AssessmentAnswer the following questions to assess your performance.Then work in groups and exchange your answers with your partners.1 What difficulty did you have when reading the travel journal about the visit to the Muse d

241、Orsay?What are you going to do when reviewing the journal?2 Are you satisfied with your instructions on how to make an unusual picture?Why or why not?3 What can you learn from the essay on the Qingming Scroll to help you appreciate other historic Chinese paintings?4 What is the best part of your pos

242、ter about a painter?Why?5 What new words have you learnt from this unit?List some of them.*6 What grammar have you learnt from this unit?Make a sentence with the grammar.*7 What tips have you learnt from this unit?Provide an example to show how one of them helps you with your learning.8 How are you

243、going to improve your overall performance?Make an action plan.*Assess your learning of vocabulary and grammar by doing language practice on pages 6970.42A Spring MorningBy Meng HaoranThis spring morning in bed Im lying,Not to awake till birds are crying.After one night of wind and showers,How many a

244、re the fallen flowers!(Translated by Xu Yuanchong)DreamsBy Langston HughesHold fast to dreamsFor if dreams dieLife is a broken-winged birdThat cannot fly.Hold fast to dreamsFor when dreams goLife is a barren fieldFrozen with snow.Exploring poetryUNIT 4Exploring poetryPoetry is an expression of ones

245、will.What is kept in the heart is the will,but when expressed in words,it is poetry.“Preface to The Book of Songs”Welcome to the unitPoetry is a significant form of literature.Read the two poems below and discuss the following questions in pairs.In this unit,you are going to:read a lecture transcrip

246、t on how to read poems;write about your understanding of a famous poem;read an essay on a Chinese poet;give a poetry recital.1 How do you like the two poems?2 What other poems or poets do you know about?43Unit 4People with the impression that poetry is difficult to understand often hesitate about re

247、ading poetry.The lecture transcript below explains how to better understand and appreciate poems.Before you read the lecture transcript,think about the following questions:Why do people read poems?What aspects of a poem do you pay attention to when you read it?Poetry is a combination of“sound”and“se

248、nse”.More than any other type of literature,it usually implies a deeper meaning beyond the words on the page.So,how to reveal this hidden dimension?First,follow your ears.While you may ask“What does it mean?”as you begin reading a poem,it is better to ask“How does it sound?”Even if its true meaning

249、appears to be beyond your grasp,you can always say something about how the poem sounds when you read it aloud.Do you detect a rhythm?Are there any repeated words,rhymes or other special effects?All of these are good qualities to notice,and they may lead you to a better understanding of the poem in t

250、he end.Read these lines to feel how they sound.Sweet and low,sweet and low,Wind of the western sea,Low,low,breathe and blow,Wind of the western sea!Over the rolling waters go,Come from the dying moon,and blow,Blow him again to me;While my little one,while my pretty one,sleeps.(From“Sweet and Low”by

251、Alfred Tennyson)Second,approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape.Ask some basic questions about the poem.Who is talking?Who is being talked to?What is being described?Is there a sense of place?Are there other people or objects there?As you explore the poem,you will begi

252、n to see images in your mind.What are those images,and what happens when they are put together?This combination Reading510152044Exploring poetryis often complex or even contradictory.As you slowly explore your surroundings,you will start to dig up clues that give you a greater understanding of the p

253、oem.Read these lines,pay attention to the image of the caged bird and try to find out what it means.The caged bird singswith a fearful trillof things unknownbut longed for stilland his tune is heardon the distant hill for the caged birdsings of freedom.(From“Caged Bird”by Maya Angelou)Third,if you a

254、re still struggling to interpret the meaning of a poem even with much painstaking effort,just have some patience.You cannot really understand a poem that you have only read once.Sometimes reading a poem can be a lifelong job.So if you do not get it,set the poem aside and come back to it later.As an

255、explorer,you will not reach your goal immediatelyyou need to go on a journey to a remote and unknown destination.This may seem difficult at first,but when you finally make your great discovery,your efforts will be rewarded.Poems that are easy to understand are often less interesting than those that

256、constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings.Read these lines and try to find out what they mean.Whose woods these are I think I know.His house is in the village though;He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods fill up with snow.(From“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”by

257、 Robert Frost)Finally,remember that you do not have to fully understand a poem to appreciate it.You might need to abandon logical thinking to discover its true inner beauty.As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning,it will have be

258、en worth your effort.Poetrys combination of“sound”and“sense”makes you see the world in a new way and allows you to go beyond normal reality for the everlasting beauty.Enjoy your journey in the world of poetry!253035404550556045Unit 4A Understanding the textA1 The lecture transcript gives four tips o

259、n how to understand a poem from two aspects.Read the lecture transcript and complete the chart below.A2 Read the lecture transcript again carefully and answer the following questions.A3 In pairs,discuss the following questions.1 Choose one of the poems in the lecture transcript and think about the s

260、ound and sense of the poem.How does it make you feel?2 The lecturer says that one does not need to fully understand a poem to appreciate it.Do you agree?Support your opinion with your own experience of reading poetry.1 How is poetry different from other types of literature?_2 What aspects should you

261、 pay special attention to when you read a poem aloud?_3 What are the basic questions you should ask to understand a poem?_4 What does the lecturer think of poems that are easy to understand?_PoetryFollow your ears and ask“(3)_”(1)_(2)_Approach the poem like(4)_.Be(5)_.Remember that it is not necessa

262、ry to(6)_.TipReading a text criticallyReading critically means having a dialogue in your head with the author,relating the text to your own reasoning and experiences,and forming your own ideas about the text.Ask yourself questions about what the author says and think for yourself.Soon enough,you wil

263、l build up a pretty good sense of what needs more research and form your own opinion.46Exploring poetryI love reading poetry and I try to(1)_ some time each day to read poems.Poetry can take me to(2)_ mountaintops covered with mist;it can also take me inside someone elses mind.Poetry can describe th

264、ings that are too(3)_ to express in any other way;it can also display the hidden beauty of simple and ordinary things.I like poems that are(4)_:it is exciting when the poet starts with one particular image,and then adds something that seems to be out of placeit is the lines which stick out that make

265、 a poem interesting.(5)_ poetry can be difficult,but what I love about poetry is that it makes me wondersometimes it is like a riddle that I want to solve,or a question that I want to answer.When I start reading a new poem,I may say to myself,“This is confusingI dont like it.”However,many of my favo

266、urite poems are the ones I did not like at first.With poetry,I know I have to be patient:I will not be(6)_ immediately,but when I finally understand a poem,it will stay with me for a long time.Also,when I read poetry regularly,I(7)_ discover new thingseven in poems that I have read many times before

267、.Reading poetry is like trying to find and(8)_ a treasure:I can use a poem as a treasure map that will eventually guide me to exciting new discoveries.B3 Find the lines in the lecture transcript that rhyme and write lines of your own using words in rhyme.Learn this In poetry,it is common to have lin

268、es that rhyme;that is to say,these lines have a repetition of the same sound at the end.This makes poetry sound beautiful.B Building your languageB1 The passage below is about a students experience of reading poetry.Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box plex

269、 constantly contradictory dig upinterpret remote reward set asideB2 The lecture transcript uses some compound adjectives.Note the following words and think of more compound adjectives formed in similar ways.Then fill in the table with as many compound adjectives as you can.noun+verb-ingpainstakingno

270、un+verb-edsnow-coverednoun+adjectivelifelongadverb+verb-ingeverlastingTipForming compound adjectivesCompound adjectives are formed with two or more words.Some of them are written together as one word and some are joined by one or more hyphens.You can look them up in the dictionary for the right form

271、s.47Unit 4Grammar and usageOverview of to-infinitives,verb-ing and verb-ed formsA Exploring the rulesBelow is an introduction to Romantic poetry.Find the sentences that use to-infinitives,verb-ing or verb-ed forms and fill in the table below.One has been done for you.The to-infinitive often refers t

272、o an action that will happen in the future;the verb-ing form,a continuing action;and the verb-ed form,a past action.Generally speaking,the verb-ing form expresses a(n)(1)_(active/passive)meaning,while the verb-ed form expresses a(n)(2)_(active/passive)meaning.The to-infinitive can be used as the(3)_

273、 of a sentence.The verb-ing form can be used as the(4)_ of a sentence.The verb-ed form can be used as the(5)_ of a sentence.*You can choose more than one answer for each blank.a subject c object e attributive b predicative d complement f adverbial Grammar notes pages 9597SubjectsPredicatives The aim

274、 of the Romantics was to break with.ObjectsComplementsAttributivesAdverbialsWorking out the rulesRomanticism was a cultural movement from the late 18th to the mid-19th century.It was a time when many painters,musicians,novelists and poets looked at the world in new and different ways.The aim of the

275、Romantics was to break with the ideals of the 18th century:they refused to follow rigid rules;instead,they put emphasis on the importance of imagination and feeling,the love of nature and a return to the past.In England,the greatest achievements of the Romantic movement lay in poetry,especially that

276、 of William Wordsworth,Samuel Taylor Coleridge,George Gordon Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley.During that time,England was undergoing a process called industrialization.Large factories were being built and people were made to work long hours.Romantic poets were often not pleased with what was happenin

277、g in their country and they were not always interested in the improvements in science.Instead,they advocated going back to nature.As a result,celebrating the beauty of nature and country life became a common theme in Romantic poetry.The poets also wrote about individual feelings and beliefs.Explorin

278、g the world of emotion and showing the beauty of nature,the poetry of the Romantic era is one of the greatest treasures in Western literature.48B Applying the rulesB1 Rewrite the following sentences using to-infinitives,verb-ing or verb-ed forms.B3 Write about the importance of reading poems.Think o

279、f at least one reason and give supporting details,using to-infinitives,verb-ing or verb-ed forms.Use the example below to help you.B2 Below is an article about the English poet William Wordsworth.Complete the article with the correct to-infinitives,verb-ing or verb-ed forms of the verbs in the brack

280、ets.Born in 1770,William Wordsworth was one of the(1)_(lead)poets of the Romantic movement in England.(2)_(grow)up in the beautiful Lake District,Wordsworth had a childhood that was perfect for a developing poet.(3)_(educate)at Cambridge,Wordsworth received his degree in 1791.He spent a lot of time(

281、4)_(tour)in Europe.Travelling obviously provided Wordsworth with plenty of ideas for his poems.In 1795,he met Samuel Taylor Coleridge and the two talented young men became close friends.(5)_(meet)Coleridge had a huge impact on Wordsworth.Lyrical Ballads,a collection of poems(6)_(write)together with

282、Coleridge,was Wordsworths first great work.It was published in 1798 and marked the start of the Romantic era in poetry.Wordsworth explained that they wanted to write poetry that ordinary people could use(7)_(express)their feelings.Many of the poems in the collection were about returning to nature.Li

283、ke other Romantics,Wordsworth preferred(8)_(live)in the country rather than in the city.1 Romantic poets experimented with new poetic forms.They were particularly interested in it.Romantic poets were particularly _.2 Romantic poets often mentioned the effect of beauty on the poets imagination when t

284、hey described natural scenes.Romantic poets often mentioned the effect of beauty on the poets imagination when _.3 Poems that focus on nature often stress the moment of inspiration.Poems _ often stress the moment of inspiration.4 Many Romantic poems are filled with descriptions of magic and ancient

285、themes,and contain rich sensory details._,many Romantic poems contain rich sensory details.5 Since Romantic poets were highly colourful and independent individuals,finding concerns common to all of them is sometimes difficult.Since Romantic poets were highly colourful and independent individuals,it

286、is sometimes difficult _.ExampleReading poems helps me understand the beauty of language.There are a lot of poetic devices employed in poems,such as rhyme and metaphor.When reading these beautifully written lines,I can enjoy the beauty of the language.Exploring poetry49Integrated skillsInterpreting

287、a poemA Read Robert Frosts poem“The Road Not Taken”.By Robert FrostTwo roads diverged in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel bothAnd be one traveler,long I stoodAnd looked down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the undergrowth;Then took the other,as just as fair,And having perhaps the

288、better claim,Because it was grassy and wanted wear;Though as for that the passing thereHad worn them really about the same,And both that morning equally layIn leaves no step had trodden black.Oh,I kept the first for another day!Yet knowing how way leads on to way,I doubted if I should ever come back

289、.I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood,and II took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.The Road Not TakenUnit 450B A teacher is giving a lecture introducing Robert Frost and his poem“The Road Not Taken”.Watch the video

290、 and finish the exercises below.B1 Watch the video and answer the following questions.1 What is Robert Frosts writing style like?_2 When was“The Road Not Taken”first published?_3 What does the image of the two roads stand for?_4 What was the difficult path the poet took?_B2 Watch the video again and

291、 complete the notes below.About the poet Robert Frost was a famous American poet.He lived from 1874 to(1)_.He won(2)_ Pulitzer Prizes.He often used rural scenes to explore deep questions about(3)_.About the poem The story behind the poem The poem was inspired by Frosts(4)_ in the countryside with Ed

292、ward Thomas.Thomas often spent a long time choosing which path to take and afterwards,he would complain that he had picked(5)_.How to understand the poem When faced with two paths,people have no choice but to make a decision and see what will happen.Many people assume that the poet encourages the re

293、ader to take(6)_ through life.You can have your own understanding of the poem.Robert Frost and his poem“The Road Not Taken”Exploring poetryTipUnderstanding a lectureWhile listening to a lecture,you can read the PPT slides,which usually give the outline of the lecture.If the lecturer stresses a certa

294、in word or phrase,or repeats it,it is probably a key point and you must pay special attention to it.51C In pairs,discuss the poem“The Road Not Taken”.Use the following questions and expressions to help you.D Write an article about your understanding of“The Road Not Taken”.Use your ideas from part C

295、and the information in parts A and B to help you.What message do you think the poem is trying to get across to readers?Have you ever been in a similar situation?Connect your personal experience with the poem.ExpressionsConfirming understanding The listener Do you mean.?Are you saying.?I think you me

296、an.Am I right?The speaker Do you know what I mean?Do you see my point?You understand what I mean,dont you?Planning your writing Learning about the text type An article about your understanding of a poem is called a poetry review,in which you describe the symbolic meaning of the words and images in a

297、 poem,and provide a personal understanding of the poem.Learning about the structure When writing an article about your understanding of the poem,you can follow the structure below:Introduce the poet and the poem briefly.Analyse and evaluate the artistic characteristics of the poem,such as its sound,

298、images and figurative devices.Give your understanding of the poems meaning.It is a good idea to refer to your personal experience or emotion in this part.Learning about the language To express your opinion,you can use expressions such as in my opinion,from my point of view,in my eyes,I think/find/su

299、ppose/assume,my opinion/view/belief/impression is that,as for me,and it seems to me that.Checking your writingRemember to check your writing after you finish and exchange drafts between you and your partner.Pay attention to the following aspects:Punctuation Spelling Grammar Choice of words Style(for

300、mal/informal)StructureSelf-review Is your understanding of the poem conveyed in a clear way?What do you find the hardest when writing the article?Peer review Does your partner agree with you on your understanding of the poem?How can you improve your writing to make it more convincing?Unit 452Li Bai

301、and his romantic poetryExtended readingRead the essay on the life and works of the famous Chinese poet Li Bai.A hundred feet the temple towers;I can reach out for the stars in the sky.But I dare not speak in a voice loud,For fear of scaring dwellers on high.(“A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple”)It is

302、 believed that this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years.With striking imagination in expressions like“scaring dwellers on high”,this early poem already displayed signs of a romantic style,which was later to characterize Li Bais poetry.Li Bais love of reading and travelling from an early

303、age contributed to his romantic style.He started studying the classics when he was only five years old,and was reading ancient philosophers of different schools at the age of ten,including Confucianism and Taoism.By reading books of all kinds,from legends to historical stories,he familiarized himsel

304、f with classical Chinese culture,and more importantly,he acquired the wisdom of previous generations.Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel,Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties.His footsteps covered almost the whole country.During his travels,he visited fa

305、mous mountains and great rivers,encountering different customs and practices.These travelling experiences also nourished his love of nature and inspired him to write numerous poems in the romantic style.Li Bais romantic style was also deeply rooted in the social and historical context in which he li

306、ved.Li Bai grew up in the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty,Exploring poetry510152053a time of economic boom and social stability.This open and tolerant atmosphere allowed Li Bai the liberty to develop a free and unconstrained personality,which,in turn,had a huge impact on his poetic producti

307、on.Given his personal experiences and the historical background,it is only natural to see that the majority of Li Bais poems are characterized by the romantic style.Even the most uninformed reader would not fail to be impressed by the poets rich imagination.The moon and stars in the sky,the natural

308、landscape and the figures in legends all become a vehicle for his imagination.Equally impressive is Li Bais free expression of strong feelings,which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes,and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets.These features are inseparable from Li

309、Bais wide use of exaggeration,metaphor and other artistic techniques.The poem below,written in his fifties,is representative of his romantic style:My silver hair is three thousand feet long,Because my sorrow is deep and strong.How can the autumn frost whiteBe cast into the mirror bright?(“Autumn Fro

310、st”)With his extraordinary imagination,free expression of strong feelings and mastery of language,Li Bai is widely recognized as the greatest romantic poet after Qu Yuan.Generations of poets,both in China and abroad,owe a debt to his inspirational poems.One such poet is Ezra Pound,a 20th-century Ame

311、rican poet.He was fascinated by Li Bais poems and translated some of them in his 1915 poetry collection entitled Cathay.Today Li Bais poetry continues to be enjoyed by countless readers around the world.A Write a summary of the essay on Li Bais life and poetry.B Analyse the following poem by Li Bai

312、to find out more about his romantic style.Unit 42530354045Leaving the White Emperor Town at DawnLeaving at dawn the White Emperor crowned with cloud,Ive sailed a thousand miles through canyons in a day.With monkeys sad adieus the riverbanks are loud;My skiff has left ten thousand mountains far away.

313、(Translated by Xu Yuanchong)54If you can keep your head when all about you Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,But make allowance for their doubting too;If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,Or being lied about,dont deal in lies,Or being hat

314、ed,dont give way to hating,And yet dont look too good,nor talk too wise:If you can dreamand not make dreams your master;If you can thinkand not make thoughts your aim;If you can meet with Triumph and DisasterAnd treat those two impostors just the same;If you can fill the unforgiving minuteWith sixty

315、 seconds worth of distance run,Yours is the Earth and everything thats in it,Andwhich is moreyoull be a Man,my son!IfBy Rudyard KiplingProjectGiving a poetry recitalC As a group,recite the poem in front of the rest of the class.Make sure to speak loudly,clearly and slowly.Use the example below to he

316、lp you.B As a group,practise reciting the poem.A As a class,discuss your favourite poems.Then in groups,choose a poem for your recital.It can even be one of your own poems!Exploring poetryTip Read with a full,clear voice and speak slightly slower than normal so that the audience will hear you clearl

317、y.Read with emotion.Pay attention to the tone and the rhythm,stressing the most important words.Stop briefly between short sentences and in the middle of long sentences,and stop longer between stanzas.Use body language when necessary.Reading a poem aloud55Further studyPoetry is an art form that has

318、existed for thousands of years.It uses language in an imaginative and unique way.Reading poem collections is a good way to discover different poetry styles used by poets through the ages and from around the world.Find a poem collection and read it to learn more about this timeless art form.The docum

319、entary Du Fu:Chinas Greatest Poet looks at the life story of Du Fu through the places he visited and lived in.Experts provide interpretations of Du Fus works from different perspectives.Watch it and discover the importance of Dus poetry in China and its influence on the world.Unit 4AssessmentAnswer

320、the following questions to assess your performance.Then work in groups and exchange your answers with your partners.1 How can the tips given in the lecture transcript help you appreciate a poem?2 Are you interested in the writing topic of this unit?Why or why not?3 How well do you know about Li Bais

321、 life and his romantic poetry?4 How do you like your experience of giving a poetry recital?Do you want to try again?Why or why not?5 What new words have you learnt from this unit?List some of them.*6 What grammar have you learnt from this unit?Make a sentence with the grammar.*7 What tips have you l

322、earnt from this unit?Make a list of them.8 How are you going to improve your overall performance?Make an action plan.*Assess your learning of vocabulary and grammar by doing language practice on pages 7576.56 Unit 1 Food mattersWorkbookA Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the

323、brackets.1 The exhibition offers a _(vary)of modern artworks.2 Jessie took a deep breath,feeling _(relief)that she had finally solved the troublesome problem.3 The food in my hometown never fails to _(impression)tourists from around the world.4 Careful cost _(estimate)is essential to successful proj

324、ect management.5 Tom knew it was dangerous to drive in _(fog)weather,but he set out all the same.6 The filling of dumplings is usually a _(mix)of meat,vegetables and seasoning.7 For reasons of _(secure)the door is always kept locked.8 The length of time needed will depend on a _(combine)of factors.B

325、 Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases in the box below.1 Terry seems to be _ today.Lets go and cheer him up.2 After years of hard work his career began to _.3 Jessies skill in painting portraits is _ in our class.4 If you want your room to look sweet,a soft warm colour on the wal

326、ls will _.5 We know a volcano erupts when the forces inside are _,but it is hard to predict when this will happen.6 His world _ when his wife left him.7 The company is _ fresh new talent.8 Since she stopped working as an actress,she _ charity work.let.loose do the trick in low spirits take offthrow

327、oneself into without equal fall apart cry out for57Food mattersExploring languageC Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below.decide hear complete update spend free look be shut lower 1 It is a good idea _ up a word in the dictionary when you are not sure how to use it.2

328、 He left his home,never _ from again.3 Whether to take the train or to fly there is for you _.4 He went out,_ the door behind him.5 The machine doesnt work.Something seems _ wrong with it.6 I still remember the happy days _ with the students from other cities at the summer camp.7 My task is _ the pr

329、oject by the end of the week,so I will be as busy as a bee.8 He stood in shame,his head down and eyes _.9 _ our body of tension,we need to do some sports and relax ourselves.10 Its important for the software _.Otherwise the computer will slow down.D Translate the following sentences into English.Use

330、 the words and phrases in the brackets.1 他的房间很简朴，没有华丽的装饰。(plain)2 保护古代建筑是城市规划中必不可少的一部分。(essential)3 旅游业可以为当地人创造许多工作机会。(generate)4 我们的英语老师特别强调学习词汇的重要性，让我们尽可能多背单词。(emphasis)5 我们非常喜欢这样轻松活泼的课堂氛围，课常常不知不觉就结束了。(atmosphere)6 据说有的食物具有缓解压力的特性，有的食物能使人精神振奋。(property;lift ones spirits)7 良好的学习方法可以提高学习效率。(enhance)

331、8 我该怎么弥补失去的时间？唯一的方法是更加努力。(make up for)9 我试着咬了一口，它真的合我口味。(hit the spot)10 我们的音乐老师经常播放优美的歌曲，来激发我们学习音乐的兴趣。(stimulate)58Unit 1People all around the world have enjoyed noodles for thousands of years.But did you ever stop to think:who made the very first noodle?People first started growing wheat and makin

332、g flour in the Middle East around 10,000 years ago.But no one had ever found a prehistoric noodleuntil 2002.Archaeologists discovered an upside-down clay bowl in the ruins of an ancient Chinese village.When they lifted it,they found a 4,000-year-old noodle.This“mummy”noodle was made from millet.Trad

333、ers brought wheat to China about the time this ancient noodle was cooked.The Chinese eventually mastered the art of stretching wheat dough into long noodles.Today,an expert chef can turn a ball of dough into 3-metre noodles in just minutes.Some people claim that Marco Polo brought pasta to Italy.The

334、 tale says that when he visited China,he tried noodles for the first time and liked them so much that he took the recipe home.But it is probably not true!In fact,it was likely made up by an American magazine to try to get Americans to eat more pasta.According to Marco Polo,wheat was used for making

335、thin noodles,not bread,in China.Since Marco Polo described Chinese noodles by comparing them to Italian noodles,it is clear that in Marco Polos Italy,noodles were already on the menu.So,if Marco Polo did not bring noodles to Italy,who did?The oldest written mention of pasta outside China comes from

336、the Middle East,about 1,600 years ago.The text describes how to eat dried noodles,a popular travel food in the Middle East and Central Asia.Dried noodles were perfect for long trips.They were tasty,easy to carry,and never went bad.Some historians believe that dried noodles spread out from the Middle

337、 East or Central Asia.Traders packed their noodles and travelled to other parts of the world.Wherever they got the recipe,Italians were eating pasta long before Marco Polo.So who REALLY invented noodles?We may never knowthe history of noodles is as twisted as a bowl of spaghetti.But whoever invented

338、 them,were sure glad they did!1 What does the underlined word“Archaeologists”in the first paragraph mean?2 Why were dried noodles a popular travel food?59Food mattersBuilding skillsA Reading and speakingA1 People all over the world eat different kinds of noodles.Read the magazine article about the h

339、istory of noodles and answer the questions below.A2 In pairs,role-play a conversation between a Chinese student and an exchange student who wants to try different kinds of Chinese noodles in a food court.Use the example below to help you and pay attention to the expressions in bold.A:Wow,this food c

340、ourt is really big.Can you recommend me a typical Chinese noodle dish?B:There are many kinds of noodles to choose from.Over here,you can get a famous dish from the north-western part of Chinaits called Lanzhou lamian.As you can see,these are hand-pulled noodles in a rich beef soup.A:That looks delic

341、iousthe colour of the soup is really appetizing!B:There are some mouth-watering fried rice noodles over here.This dish is called chao mixian.Its from Yunnan,in the south-west of China.These rice noodles are quite chewy.A:Its going to be really hard to choose what to eat.What are those wide noodles o

342、ver there?B:Thats a dish called liangpi.Its a kind of cold noodles made from flour.Its a speciality of Shaanxi Province.A:I see.The sauce looks too spicy for me,though.B:Yes,and the flavour is quite acid as well.It contains lots of vinegar.Maybe you should try these Shanghai-style cold noodles in a

343、sweet and creamy peanut sauce.Its a light dish,perfect for a hot day like this.A:Good idea.Ill try it!B Listening and writingB1 The award-winning chef Paul Martin is speaking on the radio about his food journey.Listen to the conversation and decide whether the following statements are true(T)or fals

344、e(F).Circle the incorrect information in the false statements and correct it in the blanks.1 Paul has been interested in food since the age of 16.T/F_2 Pauls grandmother encouraged him to apply to a cooking school in Paris.T/F _3 Pauls grandmother used to be a cook.T/F _4 Paul learnt how to hold a k

345、nife correctly at school.T/F _5 When he started attending the cooking school,Paul knew more than the other students.T/F _6 Paul became the head chef of a famous restaurant five years after leaving school.T/F_60Unit 1B2 Listen to Paul Martin speaking at the opening of his new restaurant and complete

346、the notes below.I would like to open _The target customers are _The menu will consist of _What is special about this restaurant is that _New restaurant opens in AvignonName Chez Paul or“(1)_”The chef gave his restaurant this name because he wanted people to feel as if they were(2)_.Location Just off

347、 the(3)_ of Avignon The chef chose Avignon because it was home to(4)_.Menu A combination of(5)_ and modern cuisine Pauls signature recipes(6)_ by his grandmother and the cooking school Seating Altogether(7)_ tables Two tables for walk-ins,which cannot be(8)_B3 If you are given the chance to open a r

348、estaurant of your own,what kind of restaurant will you open?Write an article introducing your restaurant.Title:_61Food mattersAppreciating language Food is an important part of festivals.Read aloud the excerpt below about a poor family having a Christmas dinner.There never was such a goose.Bob said

349、he didnt believe there ever was such a goose cooked.Its tenderness and flavour,size and cheapness,were the themes of universal admiration.It was a sufficient dinner for the whole family;indeed,as Mrs Cratchit said with great delight(surveying one small atom of a bone upon the dish),they hadnt eaten

350、it all at last!Yet every one had had enough,and the youngest Cratchits,in particular,were steeped in sage and onion to the eyebrows!But now,the plates being changed by Miss Belinda,Mrs Cratchit left the room alonetoo nervous to bear witnessesto take the pudding up,and bring it in.Suppose it should n

351、ot be done enough!Suppose it should break in turning out!Suppose somebody should have got over the wall of the backyard and stolen it,while they were merry with the goosea supposition at which the two young Cratchits became furious!All sorts of horror were supposed.Hallo!A great deal of steam!The pu

352、dding was out of the copper.A smell like a washing day!That was the cloth.A smell like an eating-house and a pastry cooks next door to each other,with a laundresss next door to that!That was the pudding!In half a minute Mrs Cratchit enteredflushed,but smiling proudlywith the pudding,like a speckled

353、cannonball,so hard and firm,blazing in ignited brandy,and decorated with Christmas holly stuck into the top.Oh,a wonderful pudding!Bob Cratchit said,and calmly too,that he regarded it as the greatest success achieved by Mrs Cratchit since their marriage.Mrs Cratchit said that,now the weight was off

354、her mind,she would confess she had her doubts about the quantity of flour.Everybody had something to say about it,but nobody said or thought it was at all a small pudding for a large family.Any Cratchit would have blushed to hint at such a thing.(Adapted from A Christmas Carol,by Charles Dickens)62U

355、nit 1 Unit 2 The universal languageExploring languageExploring languageA Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the brackets.1 William apart,none of them seems _(suit)for the job.2 Some classics are still greatly enjoyed and remind us of the _(distance)past.3 Sometimes its hard to

356、 live up to the _(expect)of our parents.4 Jack has made _(remark)progress in English since last year.5 The _(compose)is one of the frequent visitors to our town.6 The teachers are highly _(enthusiasm)about their work.7 _(determine),courage and confidence are important qualities if you want to succee

357、d.8 Teachers need to be aware that students might be _(gift)in different ways:some are good at language while others at science.B Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases in the box below.1 Lets _ business right awaywell stop for coffee later.2 You can have the sofa for$800 and Ill _

358、 the table as well.3 Everyone experiences some _ in life,which is not necessarily a bad thing.4 Nowadays people increasingly _ computers for work,for study and for entertainment.5 My routine diet _ fruit,milk,vegetables and rice.6 We were all _ by his enthusiasm and decided to join him.7 A decade ag

359、o the economy in that country _ for the worse.8 _ all the lights in the room went out.rely on sweep along take a sharp turn throw in consist of all of a sudden get down to twists and turns63The universal languageD Fill in the blanks with proper words or the correct forms of the words in the brackets

360、.Days before the“Top 10 Singers”competition,I was making(1)_(predict)about who might win.Everyone was preparing for it.The competitors from my class grabbed every chance to practise,and some even(2)_(composer)their own music!The great day came.The singers from each class performed their songs.Some o

361、f them were(3)_(company)by a friend on the piano or guitar.Most of the songs were(4)_ the pop style.Some were(5)_(adapt)of traditional songs.Some were simple songs(6)_ some were rather complicated.The singing was beautiful and two hours(7)_(be)gone before we realized it.Ten students were selected as

362、 the top singers of our school,but I think every one of us deserved a prize for our efforts.The competition was(8)_(ordinary)successful.It was great fun and we all enjoyed it.More importantly,such activities reflected our dreams and our passion and transformed our understanding of life.C Fill in the

363、 blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below.repair volunteer go be see change recognize watch protest come 1 _ offers us a chance to help those in need.2 We all think the sofa is perfect but he is considering _ it.3 Its quite hot today.Do you feel like _ for a swim?4 Theres no use _

364、.I wont change my mind.5 _ kind and understanding is an important aspect of effective communication.6 What I have to do now is _ my computer.7 I know ball games are good for health,but I prefer _ football to playing it.8 _ as different from other kids when I was very young had an effect on my later

365、life.9 We are going to have a party at the weekend to celebrate New Year and we are looking forward to your _.10 Many famous people wear sunglasses so that they can go to public places without _.64Unit 2Building skillsA Listening and speakingA1 Tom is listening to the radio programme Opera Hour intr

366、oducing Aida.Listen to the programme and number the events in the order they happen in Aida._ Radames asks the Egyptian king not to kill the Ethiopians._ Radames helps Aida and her father escape._ The Ethiopian king and his army go to Egypt._ Aida is taken to Egypt._ The Egyptian army wins the battl

367、e._ The Egyptians start preparing for the wedding._ The Egyptian king orders Radames to stop the Ethiopian army._ Radames is ordered to marry the Egyptian kings daughter.AidaTheatreThe theatre was(1)_.Performance The singers voices were(2)_ and emotional.The lady who played Aida sang for(3)_ hours.T

368、he performers acted so well and(4)_.MusicThe musicians were fantastic.I was swept away by the music.Set The stage was pretty special.The 3-D technology made(5)_.I was actually a little(6)_ during the battle scenes.Story The most impressive part was that Radames had to make a difficult choice between

369、(7)_.The ending was so moving that some people in the audience(8)_.A2 Tom has seen the opera Aida and is talking to his mum about it.Listen to their conversation and complete the notes below.65The universal languageA3 Have you attended or watched any musical performance,such as a concert,a musical o

370、r an opera?In pairs,talk about your experiences.Use the example below to help you and pay attention to the expressions in bold.A:What did you think of the New Years concert?B:Although I dont usually listen to classical music,I really enjoyed it.I had never seen a symphony orchestra before!The member

371、s of the orchestra were highly skilled musicians.They looked very serious at first,but they were clearly having lots of fun when they played the fast pieces.A:What pieces did they play?B:The theme of the concert was“French composers”.They began with a piece by Claude Debussy called La Mer.Its about

372、the sea,and I felt as if I were out on the sea when listening.A:Interesting.What else did they play?B:The second piece was called Bolro,and it was composed by Maurice Ravel.The beginning of the piece was very simple:all I could hear was a drum beating out a steady rhythm.After a short while,the drum

373、 was joined by a flute.I thought it was boring at first because they kept playing the same melody over and over.However,the music gradually became louder and louder,and the ending was incredibly powerful!A:Wow,that sounds amazing.What did you like best about the concert?B:The last piece they played!

374、It was from the opera Carmen by Georges Bizet.That was really exciting and everyone at the concert loved it!What comes to your mind when you think of music in Austria?You might think of classical composers,such as Mozart.Or you might remember the film The Sound of Music,whose story takes place in Au

375、stria.But Austrian music started off quite differently.One of the earliest types of Austrian music may not seem like music at all.Yodelling is a form of yelling that alternates in pitch between low and high.It is thought to have begun as a way for animal herders in the mountains to communicate or to

376、 call their animals.Even today,yodelling is often used in other kinds of music,including pop,rock and country music.However,Austria is best known for its many famous classical composers.In the 18th and 19th centuries,the Austrian royal family were patrons of the arts,and they drew many musicians to

377、Vienna.The city soon became known as a centre for musical innovation and performance.Composers such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,Ludwig van Beethoven,Johann Strauss II and B Reading and writingB1 Austria is famous for its long musical tradition.Read the magazine article about music in Austria and answ

378、er the questions below.66Unit 2B2 Write an article introducing Kun Opera.Include information about its origin,features,famous pieces and influences on other music types.Franz Schubert lived in Vienna.Some of them even used traditional Austrian folk songs or tunes in their works.Opera has also been a

379、 popular music form in Austria,and it was not just wealthy Austrians who attended performances.Many popular classical composers also wrote operas,which regular citizens of Vienna flocked to hear.Even today,there are opera productions performed every year at the St Margarethen Opera Festival.This fes

380、tival is held outdoors,in a very unusual location:the rocky sandstone backdrop of a quarry.It now serves as a stage for opera,and also jazz and pop concerts.They all take place in the open air under the stars,taking advantage of the quarrys unusual acoustics.Speaking of The Sound of Music,it was ori

381、ginally a Broadway musical and was made into a film in 1965.Most of the scenes were filmed in or near Salzburg,Austria.The story is based on the real-life story of the Von Trapp family,who fled from the country when the Nazis invaded Austria.Over 50 years after its release,the film is still very pop

382、ular,and visitors to Salzburg can take special tours that include most of the films famous landmarks.Austria has a long and rich musical history,from folk songs and dances to classical symphonies and operas.No matter what kind of music you like,chances are that youll be able to find it in one of the

383、 countrys many theatres or small cafs.The sounds of Austrian music are everywhere.Title:_1 Why did Vienna become a centre for classical music?2 Why is the St Margarethen Opera Festival held outdoors?Providing detailed informationGiving a summaryIntroducing your topic67The universal languageAppreciat

384、ing language My dear,my good Amenda,my warm-hearted friend,I received and read your last letter with deep emotion,and with mingled pain and pleasure.How often I wish that you were with me,for your Beethoven is very unhappy.You must know that one of my most precious faculties,that of hearing,has beco

385、me very defective.Even while you were still with me I felt indications of this,though I said nothing;but it is now much worse.Whether I shall ever be cured remains yet to be seen;it is supposed to proceed from the state of my digestive organs,but I am almost entirely recovered in that respect.I hope

386、 indeed that my hearing may improve,but I scarcely think so,for attacks of this kind are the most incurable of all.How sad my life must now be!To my great comfort,a person has returned here with whom I can enjoy the pleasures of society and disinterested friendshipone of the friends of my youth.I ha

387、ve often spoken to him of you,and told him that since I left my fatherland,you are one of those to whom my heart specially clings.Oh!How happy I would be if I had my full sense of hearing!I would then rush to visit you;whereas,as it is,I must withdraw from everything.My best years will thus pass awa

388、y,without effecting what my talents and powers might have enabled me to perform.How melancholy the resignation is!I had determined to rise superior to all this,but how is it possible?If in the course of six months my illness be pronounced incurable then,Amenda!I shall appeal to you to leave all else

389、 and come to me,when I intend to travel,and you must be my companion.You will not,I know,refuse my request;you will help your friend to bear his burden and his suffering.I duly received all your letters,and though I did not reply to them,you were constantly present with me,and my heart beats as tend

390、erly as ever for you.I beg you will keep the fact of my deafness a profound secret,and not confide it to any human being.Write to me frequently;your letters,however short,comfort and cheer me,so I shall soon hope to hear from you.Your faithful and truly attached L.V.BeethovenLudwig van Beethoven got

391、 much comfort from his friends when he was in depression.Read aloud the letter below that Beethoven wrote to his friend Amenda.68Unit 2 Unit 3 The art of paintingExploring languageExploring languageA Translate the following sentences into Chinese.Pay attention to the underlined words.1 a As he was a

392、bout to give up,a good idea struck him.b In July some coastal areas were struck by a typhoon.c I was struck by the beauty of the snow-covered rural landscape.d When I was touring in France,the railway workers were on strike.2 a According to the survey,car sales in the first quarter declined slightly

393、.b Jack declined my invitation to dinner,saying that he was too busy.3 a We stood in the shade because the sun was burning hot.b When spring comes,the valley takes on every shade of colour.4 a The company employed only 10 people in its early years.b Our English teacher often employs different method

394、s to teach us grammar.5 a This programme aims to help children born with poor vision.b The car went past her and moved outside her field of vision.c He had a grand vision for the future of his company.B Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases in the box below.1 We think critically,_

395、 just copying from books.2 The new members of the sports club come from _.3 _,they found the vase was made in the Song Dynasty.4 Your body language will _ you even before you say anything.5 Industry in the city has been _ since the 1970s.6 His success _ his hard work and good luck.7 Here you can see

396、 animals _ in their natural environment.8 The building _ broken stones in the earthquake.be down to be reduced to as opposed to on closer inspectionall walks of life up close in decline speak volumes about 69The art of paintingC Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below

397、.encourage move challenge limit please keep lose connect relax bore 1 It seems that he is not very _ to see us.2 The research proved more difficult than expected,but the success of the experiment was _.3 Jack sat on the couch,looking completely _.4 Though living far away from each other,my friend an

398、d I stay _ through the Internet.5 The teachers love for his students was very _.6 The journey to the top of the mountain was really _.7 My knowledge of the German language is quite _.8 What the librarian wanted was for everybody _ quiet in the reading room.9 We got _ and ended up miles away from our

399、 intended destination.10 Some stories never grow _ to children no matter how many times they have listened to them.D Translate the following sentences into English.Use the words in the brackets.1 电子设备应该是我们的工具，而不应该主宰我们的生活。(dominate)2 他在背景上加了几根线条，效果非常显著。(impressive)3 如今很多孩子都近视，这个问题值得我们关注。(worthy)4 我们沿

400、着蜿蜒的山间小路，走到小树林旁边，在那里搭建了帐篷。(wind)5 这本新出的书使我们对世界的不同文化有了深入的了解。(insight)6 我们可以为你提供一本全面介绍当地酒店和餐厅的指南。(comprehensive)7 该报告揭露了现代医疗体系的不足。(expose)8 展馆距市区太远，我们正在考虑安排免费接送服务。(exhibition;arrange)9 他们有个宏伟的计划开更多的连锁店来扩大业务。(ambitious)10 你对自己一天能完成的工作量要现实一点。(realistic)70Unit 3Building skillsA Listening and speaking A1

401、Laura and Dan are talking about the artist Salvador Dali after their Art class.Listen to their conversation and decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).Circle the incorrect information in the false statements and correct it in the blanks.1 The teacher showed them a painting of

402、 soft watches in class.T/F_2 The painting shown by the teacher is one of Dalis most famous works.T/F_3 Dan has not heard of the painters name before.T/F_4 Dali was a famous Danish surrealist painter.T/F _5 Dan thinks Dali probably had a distinctive personality.T/F _6 Dan will do some research on Dal

403、i right away.T/F _Salvador DaliDali the person Dali was born in(1)_ in Spain.Dali died in 1989.Dali and his wife lived in Spain for(2)_.They lived in the US for(3)_.Dali the artist Dalis famous paintings include The Persistence of Memory,Swans Reflecting Elephants and(4)_.Dali was good at combining(

404、5)_ and reality to make his paintings dreamlike.Dali was one of the most(6)_ artists of the 20th century.He created(7)_ paintings.He also designed jewellery and(8)_,made sculptures and furniture,and did a little film-making and advertising.A2 Laura leaves Dan a voice message after she has done some

405、research on Dali.Listen to the message and complete the notes below.71The art of paintingB Reading and writingB1 Andy Warhols paintings are among the most recognizable artworks of the 20th century.Read the article about Warhols influence on art and answer the questions below.While there are many pai

406、nters I like,I would have to say that Wu Guanzhong is my personal favourite.There is something about his style that sets him apart from other painters.Wu Guanzhongs painting style can be described as a mix of Western and Chinese painting traditions.However,his style is very modern:many of his painti

407、ngs are strikingly simple,but also very elegant.Wu Guanzhong mastered the use of white space.My favourite painting is this one,called Zhou Village,in which he used this technique very effectively.Like many of his other works,its very stylish.Wu used a striking combination of black strokes and white

408、space to depict traditional Chinese buildings in a water town.There is something beautiful and strange about the whitewashed houses in the painting:they rise up like mountains.Perhaps he wanted to create an impressive landscape painting to represent a simple small-town scene.The river is in the fore

409、ground,and at its centre is a small bridge.When you look at the painting,it is as if you were about to cross the bridge and enter another world.A3 In turns,present your favourite painter or painting to each other.You may introduce the painters overall style first.Use the example below to help you an

410、d pay attention to the expressions in bold.Napoleon once claimed that“a good sketch is better than a long speech”.The visual arts,such as paintings,photographs,films and TV shows,affect us in ways that other forms of communication do not.In other words,art is a critical part of any society.Andy Warh

411、ol was one of the artists who influenced society a lot.He made us think of art in an entirely new way.For that reason,he is considered to be one of the most influential artists of the 20th century.Besides being a painter,Warhol was also a film-maker,an author,a music producer and a magazine publishe

412、r.His studio,known as“The Factory”,was a gathering place for New York Citys artists,musicians,film-makers,etc.He saw himself as a businessman as well as an artist,and his success story is a model for many creative artists.Warhol was part of the pop art movement.This group of artists believed that th

413、e existing definition of art was too narrow and excluded too many people from appreciating it.At the time,people generally thought that only unique,one-of-a-kind pieces dealing with serious subjects could be considered art.Pop artists,however,believed that art could(and should)be made with 72Unit 3_

414、Title:_B2 Andy Warhol redefined art and made people think of art in a new way.What do you think is good art?Write an article to express your opinion.recognizable,mass-produced,“popular”items that surround us.Warhol painted pictures of cola bottles,dollar bills,and most famously,the 32 varieties of a

415、 famous soup brand.While criticizing Americas consumer culture,Warhol also made people think about ordinary objects in a new way.Warhol and pop art became enormously popular in the 1960s and 1970s,but his attitude towards fame was complicated.About forty years before online videos and reality TV pro

416、grammes,he predicted that“in the future,everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes”.Warhol disliked fame,but he frequently painted celebrities and appeared on television.By making fun of American celebrity culture,he ended up becoming a celebrity himself.Like all great artists,rather than providin

417、g simple answers,Andy Warhol ultimately asked the question,“What is art?”Every art gallery visitor needs to answer that question themselves.1 What can be considered art according to pop artists?2 In what ways did Andy Warhol change peoples understanding of art?Stating your opinionGiving a summarySup

418、porting your opinion with reasons73The art of paintingAppreciating language The Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh wrote many letters to his brother Theo.Read aloud the letter below about Van Gogh telling his brother about his two paintings.Dear Brother,You must not take it amiss if I write to you again

419、 so soon.I do so only in order to tell you how extraordinarily happy painting makes me feel.Last Sunday I began something which I had had in mind for many a day.It is the view of a flat green field,dotted with piles of hay.A path running alongside a ditch crosses over it.And on the horizon,in the mi

420、ddle of the picture,there stands the sun.The whole thing is a blend of colour and tonea vibration of the whole scale of colours in the air.First of all,there is a pale purple mist through which the sun shines,half hidden by a dark violet bank of clouds with a thin brilliant red lining.The sun contai

421、ns a bright red colour,and above it there is a strip of yellow which shades into green and,higher up,into a bluish tint that becomes the most delicate azure.Here and there I have put in a light purple or grey cloud brightened with the suns colours.The ground is a strong carpet-like texture of green,

422、grey and brown,full of light and shade and life.The water in the ditch sparkles on the clay soil.It is in the style of one of Emile Bretons paintings.I have also painted a large stretch of hills of sand.I put the colour on thick and treated it broadly.I feel quite certain that,on looking at these tw

423、o pictures,no one will ever believe that they are the first studies I have ever painted.Truth to tell,I am surprised myself.I thought my first things would be worthless;but even at the risk of singing my own praises,I must say that they really are not at all bad.And that is what surprises me so much

424、.I believe the reason of it is that before I began to paint,I made such a long and careful study of drawing and perspective that I can now sketch a thing as I see it.Now,however,since I have bought my brushes and painting materials,I have slaved so hard that I am dead tiredseven colour studies strai

425、ght off!I literally cannot stand,and yet I can neither forsake my work nor take a rest.74Unit 3 Unit 4 Exploring poetryExploring languageExploring languageA Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the brackets.1 He turned on the light and examined his _(surround).2 What he said is

426、stupid beyond _(believe).3 Her eyes,so big and bright,were her most _(strike)feature.4 The country was then enjoying a period of relative _(stable).5 When we are fond of someone,we tend to be _(tolerance)of his or her mistakes.6 The advice you receive can be _(contradict)sometimes and you have to ma

427、ke decisions for yourself.7 It is very cold here and the ground is _(freeze)all year round.8 She _(constant)talks about her husband and two children.B Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases in the box below.1 Busy as I am,I _ an hour every day for exercise.2 It is high time to _ th

428、e past and begin a new life.3 The popular writer said he did not _ the traditional view of womens role in the family.4 I take notes when I have a great idea or see something new.When the pieces are _,they form the material for my writing.5 You must _ the procedures before you start your work.6 This

429、feeling of insecurity _ childhood.7 You have to _ the fact that he is under much pressure these days.8 The students complained that the biology lecture was _.set aside be rooted in put together make allowance forhold to familiarize oneself with break with beyond ones grasp75Exploring poetryC Fill in

430、 the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.1 The system has the ability _(run)more than one program at the same time.2 _(approach)the lake,we found many people taking exercise.3 Literature is a great treasure waiting _(discover).4 _(struggle)with the problem for hours,Tom finall

431、y went to his teacher for help.5 _(see)in this light,the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.6 Many rooms need _(clean),your bedroom in particular.7 I was so shocked that I found myself _(lose)for words.8 _(judge)by his accent,we guess he is from the south.9 I know she is upset but

432、I dont regret _(tell)her about it.She needs to know the truth.10 The young man was considered _(have)great promise.D Translate the following sentences into English.Use the words and phrases in the brackets.1 她对中国文化非常了解。(grasp)2 他注意到她情绪发生了一点变化，好奇发生了什么。(perceive)3 很多专家主张少用塑料袋。(advocate)4 我们遇到了严重的问题，不得

433、不停止这个项目。(encounter)5 我们输了比赛，他把这归咎于我。(blame sth on sb)6 这个房间有一个很难被发现的秘密出口。(detect)7 他们到达了一个远离苏格兰海岸的小岛。(remote)8 这个国家最近经历了巨大的变化。(undergo)9 这本小说是他写作风格的代表。(be representative of)10 他的绘画作品的特点是色彩明亮。(be characterized by)76Unit 4A Reading and speaking A1 Homer,a famous poet of ancient Greece,is believed to h

434、ave created the classic stories of the Iliad and the Odyssey.Read the magazine article introducing Homer and his works and answer the questions below.Building skillsThe Iliad,as we know it today,consists of 15,693 lines of poetry.We call it an epic poem because of its length and because it tells a d

435、ramatic story about gods and heroes from long ago.Yet,the Iliad is based on a historical event,and archaeologists have even identified an actual site of where it took placeTroy.This city flourished during the Mycenaean Age,a time of palaces and wealth in ancient Greece.Around the 12th century BCE,Tr

436、oy was destroyed,along with many other palace-centres.Sometime in the 8th century BCE,the Greeks began to recover,and a new system of writing developed.Around 750 BCE,Homer composed the Iliad and,later,the Odyssey.Both became well known in the ancient world,and,for centuries,the Greeks considered Ho

437、mer to be their first and best poet.Yet,even in antiquity,Homers identity was a mystery.When you read the Iliad,you will soon notice that certain phrases,lines,and even entire sections are repeated.A closer look at the Iliad reveals that certain types of scenes are found again and again.For a long t

438、ime,scholars were puzzled by these repetitions.Then,in the 1930s,Professor Milman Parry from Harvard made an exciting discovery.He travelled to what was then Yugoslavia and studied how illiterate bards performed songs from memory.He concluded that Homers poems traced their origin to a similar oral t

439、radition.Imagine this:bards are travelling around ancient Greece,singing stories from memory.At each performance,they repeat phrases and lines,because that makes it easier to keep the story going.They also“borrow”ideas from each other and,in time,their verses become more and more alike.Over hundreds

440、 of years,countless bards have a hand in shaping these tales until they become the poems we now know as the Iliad and the Odyssey.Today,scholars generally agree that the Iliad and the Odyssey grew out of an oral tradition.Still,many questions remain.Who was Homer?How much of the Iliad and the Odysse

441、y is the work of a single person,and how much the product of centuries of oral poetry?Who first wrote them down?To be sure,the mystery surrounding Homer continues.Yet,what does seem certain is that the Iliad and the Odyssey will continue to be regarded as two of the greatest works of Western literat

442、ure.1 What does the underlined word“flourished”in the first paragraph mean?2 Why are there so many repetitions in the Iliad?77Exploring poetryThe timeline of events in Robert Burnss life1759 Robert Burns was born in Ayrshire,Scotland.(1)_ Robert Burns started writing poems.(2)_ Robert Burnss father

443、died.1786 Robert Burns published his first book of poetry.(3)_ Robert Burns began working as a tax collector.(4)_ Robert Burns passed away.Poetic achievements He became famous across the nation after the publication of Poems,Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect.He is regarded as a(5)_ of the Romantic mov

444、ement.He also collected,revised and adapted(6)_ from across Scotland into poems.A2 In pairs,role-play an interview between a student and an expert on Homer.Use the example below to help you and pay attention to the expressions in bold.A:I wonder whether the Iliad is in some way true,or if its all le

445、gend.B:Judging from the many fantastical elements in the story,such as gods and goddesses,its not a historical document.There might be a grain of truth in it,though.A:There are a few other things that I find puzzling.I cant understand why,even in antiquity,Homers identity was a mystery.B:As is often

446、 the case with figures from ancient history,we know very little about Homer,and we cannot be sure that he even existed.It is said that Homer was a blind man from the island of Chios,but of course,we have no way of knowing for sure.A:Suppose that Homer didnt existwho wrote the Iliad?B:The Trojan War

447、happened a long time before Homer supposedly wrote the Iliad,so the text was probably developed over the centuries,by different people.A:If that is the case,then surely there must be several versions.B:Youre absolutely right.Already in antiquity,there was a lot of discussion of what the“real”version

448、 was.However,if the Iliad was the work of many different bards,there would never be one single original version to begin with.Its entirely possible that Homer was the person who put various versions of the story together into a larger poem.That would be no mean feat,if he really was blind and illite

449、rate.B Listening and writingB1 Robert Burns is considered to be the national poet of Scotland.Listen to the radio programme introducing Robert Burns and complete the notes below.78Unit 4B2 In the second half of the radio programme,the host interviews an expert on Robert Burns.Listen to the interview

450、 and complete the notes below.Robert Burnss poetry“A Red,Red Rose”It was written in Scots,a language spoken in Scotland,and is full of(1)_.The poet expresses his love by describing melting rocks and(2)_.“Address to a Haggis”In it,Burns(3)_ for this traditional Scottish dish.It is read when the haggi

451、s is served on Burns Night,the evening of(4)_.“Auld Lang Syne”Burns wrote it based on(5)_.The poem is about friendship and remembering old times.Singing“Auld Lang Syne”has become an important New Years Eve tradition across the(6)_ world.B3 Write an article introducing your favourite poet and his or

452、her major works.You can include information about his or her life,poems and influences.Why you like the poetWho your favourite poet is_Title:_Conclusion79Exploring poetrySpring is a theme that poets return to again and again.Read aloud the two poems below addressing this timeless topic.Appreciating

453、language Happy Rain on a Spring NightBy Du FuGood rain knows its time right;It will fall when comes spring.With wind it steals in night;Mute,it moistens each thing.Oer wild lanes dark cloud spreads;In boat a lantern looms.Dawn sees saturated reds;The towns heavy with blooms.(Translated by Xu Yuancho

454、ng)Written in March By William WordsworthThe cock is crowing,The stream is flowing,The small birds twitter,The lake doth glitter,The green field sleeps in the sun;The oldest and youngestAre at work with the strongest;The cattle are grazing,Their heads never raising;There are forty feeding like one!L

455、ike an army defeatedThe snow hath retreated,And now doth fare illOn the top of the bare hill;The Ploughboy is whoopinganonanon:Theres joy in the mountains;Theres life in the fountains;Small clouds are sailing,Blue sky prevailing;The rain is over and gone!80Unit 4Unit 11 Food is as fundamental to man

456、 as the people are to the state.Chen Shou(page 1)国以民为本，民以食为天。陈寿 该句出自三国及西晋时期史学家陈寿（233297）的三国志吴书十六潘濬陆凯传。这句话说明了食物在人们生活中发挥着重要的作用。2 Sometimes the smell alone can do the trick,not to mention the lovely creamy flavour,which works like a time machine immediately transporting me back to my sunny childhood.(p

457、age 2,lines 35)有时只是闻到气味就有这种效果，更不用说那美妙的奶油的味道了，这种味道就像一台时光机，立刻把我带回阳光灿烂的童年。(1)句式结构上，not to mention 引出附加成分，which 引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰 the lovely creamy flavour，后面 transporting me back to my sunny childhood 作为后置定语修饰名词短语 a time machine。(2)句中 do the trick 意为“奏效，起作用，达到目的”。如：A bit more sugar should do the trick.再加

458、一点糖应该就可以了。3 I take my time over every spoonful,gently rolling the silky dessert around my mouth and enjoying the perfect marriage of rice and milk.(page 2,lines 89)我细细品尝每一勺，让丝滑的甜点在我的口中轻轻转动，享受米糊和牛奶的完美融合。句中 take ones time over sth 意为“慢慢做，从容不迫地做”，其他常用表达还有 take ones time to do sth/doing sth。如：I like to

459、take my time over breakfast.我喜欢慢慢享用早餐。4 Of course,each persons comfort food largely depends on where they come from for a Chinese it might be a plate of dumplings with a saucer of vinegar,and for a native of the UK it might be the classic fish and chips,served hot,salty and sour.(page 3,lines 2730)当

460、然，每个人的治愈系食物在很大程度上取决于他们来自哪里对于中国人来说，它可能是一盘饺子，配上一碟醋，而对于土生土长的英国人来说，就可能是一份经典的炸鱼薯条，热腾腾地端上来，吃起来咸中带酸。81Text notes Appendices 炸鱼薯条源自英国，顾名思义，它是由炸鱼和薯条两部分组成的，吃的时候还会配上不同口味的调味料。炸鱼薯条常作为外带食品，最早一般用旧报纸包装，现在基本用白纸或者纸盒包装。炸鱼薯条在英国十分受欢迎，被视为英国的一个文化符号。5 One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots,giving

461、us the“taste of home”that we cry out for and relieving feelings of homesickness.(page 3,lines 3032)吃一口治愈系食物让我们回到自己的文化根源，带来我们迫切需要的“家的味道”，以解思乡之情。(1)句中 cry out for 意为“迫切需要”。如：Many schools in the countryside are crying out for good English teachers.许多乡村学校迫切需要优秀的英语教师。(2)句中 relieve 意为“缓和，减轻”。如：Listening t

462、o music can help relieve stress.听音乐有助于缓解压力。(3)句中 homesickness 意为“乡愁，思乡”。如：He greatly suffered from homesickness during his first few months abroad.出国头几个月他特别想家。6 To eat out was also a social activity,allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends.(page 6)外出吃饭也是一种社交活动，让我可以加强我和朋友们的关系。句中 enhanc

463、e 意为“提高，增进”。如：This sauce will enhance the flavour of the turkey.这种调味汁会使火鸡肉更具风味。7 As I take each bite,the sweet and mild flavour of the red bean filling slowly fills my mouth.(page 9)我每咬一口，唇齿间渐渐充满红豆沙馅料的味道，甜而不腻。句中 mild 意为“清淡的，不浓烈的”，mild 还可以表示“（气候）温和的”的意思。如：This dish is characterized by its pleasant,mi

464、ld flavour.这道菜的特点是味道清淡可口。The area had a mild winter last year.该地区去年冬天很暖和。8 Sichuan hot pots are perfect for the damp,foggy climate in which they were invented.(page 11,lines 1213)四川火锅非常适合其发源地潮湿多雾的气候。(1)四川盆地属亚热带季风气候，太阳照射较少，自古就有“蜀犬吠日”之说，且空气潮湿，吃火锅可以祛除体内湿气。82(2)句中 damp 意为“潮湿的，湿气重的”。如：The winter in our c

465、ity is cold and damp.我们城市冬天寒冷潮湿。9 Served plain in thin,white slices,the meat is juicy and salty.(page 11,lines 2223)鸭肉简单地切成白白的薄片端上来，肉质多汁且带有咸味。句中 plain 意为“不修饰的，朴素的，简单的”，plain 还可以表示“清楚的，明显的，浅显的”的意思。如：She preferred clothes that were plain but elegant.她更喜欢朴素而雅致的衣服。The meaning of the article is plain to

466、see.这篇文章的意思一目了然。10 As I finished my first helping on a recent afternoon in Nanjing,my host,Chef Zhang,told me a little more about the dish.(page 12,lines 2527)最近一天下午，我在南京吃完我的第一份（盐水鸭）后，招待我的张大厨向我介绍了更多有关这道菜的事情。句中 helping 意为“（食物的）一份，一客”。如：She asked for a double helping of ice cream.她点了双份冰激凌。11 It defini

467、tely hit the spot when I tried it,and it has become one of my personal favourites.(page 12,lines 3435)我尝了盐水鸭，真的太对我胃口了，（现在）它已经成了我最喜欢的食物之一。句中 hit the spot 意为“发挥正当作用，适得其用，恰到好处”。如：I was dying of thirst,and that cup of ice tea hit the spot.我渴得要命，那杯冰茶正好解渴。12 The concept took off,and today Guangzhous resta

468、urants stimulate customers appetite with over a thousand offerings,each more delicate and delicious than the last.(page 12,lines 4144)这个观念流行起来，如今广州的各家餐厅用一千多种点心使食客们胃口大开，一道更比一道精致、美味。(1)句中 stimulate 意为“促进，激发”。如：His interest in reading was stimulated by his parents.他对阅读的兴趣是他的父母激发的。(2)句中 delicate 意为“精致的”

469、，delicate 还可以表示“易损的，易碎的，脆弱的”的意思。如：The food is served on a delicate plate with a beautiful pattern of flowers.食物盛在一个带有漂亮花朵纹饰的精致盘子里端上来。83Tourists often disturb the delicate balance of nature on the island.观光客常常扰乱岛上脆弱的自然生态平衡。13 The emphasis is rather on conversation about business,family or pleasure,an

470、d locals can spend hours together chatting,drinking tea and working their way through the menu.(page 12,lines 4648)重点而是在谈生意、话家常或消遣，当地人可以花好几个小时聚在一起聊天、喝茶，慢慢吃遍菜单上所有的点心。(1)句中 emphasis 意为“重点，强调”。如：He places great emphasis on time management.他非常重视时间管理。(2)句中 work ones way through 意为“自始至终做”。如：The board are

471、still working their way through the application forms.委员会仍在审阅所有申请表。Unit 21 Music is the utmost pleasure in life;music is the clear spring of life;music is the furnace of temperamental refinement.Xian Xinghai(page 15)音乐，是人生最大的快乐；音乐，是生活中的一股清泉；音乐，是陶冶性情的熔炉。冼星海 该句出自中国近代著名音乐家冼星海（19051945）。这句话意在说明音乐可以带来愉悦，

472、放松身心，陶冶情操。2 Erhu(page 15)二胡是一种中国传统拉弦乐器，基本构造包括琴头（head）、琴轴（peg）、琴弓（bow）、琴杆（stick）、琴弦（string）、琴筒（soundbox）等。3 Piano(page 15)钢琴是一种键盘乐器，基本构造包括琴盖（lid）、琴弦（string）、键盘（keyboard）、踏板（pedal）等。4 Last night,I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers,a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gan

473、g.(page 16,lines 24)昨晚，我看了梁祝的演出，这是一首优美的小提琴协奏曲，由何占豪和陈钢创作。(1)小提琴协奏曲梁祝是何占豪与陈钢的作品，1959 年 5 月首演并获得广泛好评。它综合采用交响乐与我国民间戏曲音乐表现手法，以“草桥结拜”“英台抗婚”“坟前化蝶”三个情节为主要内容，整部音乐作品一气呵成，极富感染力。(2)句中 compose 意为“作曲，创作（音乐）”，compose 还可以表示“组成，构成”的意思。如：84He composed a large number of fine musical pieces in his lifetime.他一生创作了大量优美的乐

474、曲。The team is composed of ten top engineers.该团队由十位顶级工程师组成。5 The music took me through the twists and turns of a classic story about a young couple torn apart by their families.(page 16,lines 67)这首乐曲带着我体验了一个跌宕起伏的经典故事，故事讲的是一对被双方家庭拆散的年轻情侣。(1)句中 twists and turns 意为“（故事或情况的）转折，转变，突然变化”。如：The story has ma

475、ny unexpected twists and turns.这则故事有许多意想不到的转折。(2)句中 tear apart 意为“使（关系亲密的人）分离，分开”。如：They believe nothing can tear them apart.他们相信什么都不能让他们分开。6 Overcome with sorrow,she jumps into his grave.(page 16,lines 1314)她悲痛欲绝，于是跳进了梁山伯的坟墓。(1)句中 overcome 意为“受到的极大影响”，overcome 还可以表示“克服，解决”的意思。如：Overcome with curios

476、ity,he opened the box.他在好奇心的驱使下打开了盒子。I found it very hard to overcome my fear of flying.我发现很难克服乘坐飞机的恐惧。(2)句中 sorrow 意为“悲伤，悲痛，悲哀”。如：His death brought great sorrow to everyone who knew him.他的去世让所有认识他的人都悲痛万分。7 At the concert you will enjoy the Yellow River Piano Concerto,one of Chinas greatest contribu

477、tions to classical music.(page 19)你将在音乐会上欣赏到黄河钢琴协奏曲，这首协奏曲是中国对古典音乐的最大贡献之一。黄河钢琴协奏曲是我国最具影响力的钢琴协奏曲之一，改编自抗日战争时期的救亡歌曲黄河大合唱。这部钢琴协奏曲以抗日战争为背景，以黄河象征中华民族，运用了古典钢琴协奏曲的表现手法，融入了船夫号子等中国民间传统音乐元素。作品饱含激情，自诞生以来激励了几代中国人拼搏奋进。8 It consists of four movements:“The Song of the Yellow River Boatmen”,“Ode to the Yellow River”,

478、“The Yellow River in Anger”and“Defend the Yellow River”.(page 19)85 它由四个乐章组成：黄河船夫曲黄河颂黄河愤保卫黄河。句中 consist of 意为“由组成，由构成”，不用于进行时态。如：The group consists mainly of teenage students.该小组主要由十几岁的学生组成。9 This was 1965 and the whole country was in a state of“Beatlemania”.and I was their biggest fan!(page 23)当时是

479、1965 年，整个国家都处在“披头士热”中而我是他们的头号歌迷！句中 Beatlemania 是新闻媒体用于形容披头士乐队（又称甲壳虫乐队）一次演出的标题，这个词很快被广大歌迷记住，并用来表达对披头士乐队的疯狂喜爱之情。Beatlemania 由 Beatle 和 mania 组成，mania 意为“热衷，狂热，癖好”。如：He had a mania for stamp collecting.他热衷于收集邮票。10 They immediately grabbed the attention of young people and soon the youth of the country

480、were being swept along on waves of joyous rock and roll music and the hope for a better future.(page 23)他们立刻吸引了年轻人的注意，欢快的摇滚乐和对更美好未来的期望引发一阵阵浪潮，很快就席卷了全国的年轻人。(1)句中 grab 意为“引起注意，吸引”，grab 还可以表示“抓住，攫取”的意思。如：This issue soon grabbed the headlines.这个问题很快就上了各大报纸的头条。He grabbed the rope and gave it a sharp pull

481、.他抓住绳子，用力猛地一拉。(2)句中 sweep along 意为“使深受影响，使醉心”，也可以说 sweep away，一般用于被动语态。如：We humans cannot help being swept along by the force of our emotions.我们人类总是被自己情感的力量所驱使。11 On 7 May 1824,a crowd of music lovers streamed into a theatre in Vienna to hear the first-ever performance of the great Ludwig van Beetho

482、vens Symphony No.9.(page 25,lines 12)1824 年 5 月 7 日，一群音乐爱好者涌入维也纳一家剧院，去听伟大的路德维希 凡贝多芬第九交响曲的首场演出。句中 stream 意为“鱼贯而行，一个接一个地移动”。如：People streamed past us.人们从我们身旁涌过。12 By the time he was a teenager,he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician.(page 25,lines 1213)他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。86

483、句中 reputation 意为“名望，声誉”。如：He gained a reputation for his devotion to charity work.他因投身慈善事业而赢得声誉。13 You can soon feel the determinationa quality Beethoven understood well because of his hearing difficultiescoursing through the music.(page 26,lines 3335)很快你就能感受到这种贯穿在音乐中的决心，这是贝多芬因自己的听力问题而深刻体会到的品质。句中 co

484、urse 作动词，意为“快速地流动，奔流”。如：He turned around and tears coursed down his cheeks.他转过身，眼泪顺着他的脸颊流了下来。14 The music moves through technically difficult sections with ease,showing his genius as a composer.(page 26,lines 3738)这首乐曲将技术上棘手的部分处理得轻松自如，显示出他作为作曲家的天赋。(1)句中 with ease 意为“轻松地，不费力地”。如：Jenny is always able

485、to pass her exams with ease.珍妮总是能够轻松通过考试。(2)句中 genius 意为“天才，天赋，天资”。如：He is a writer of genius and his novels are quite widely read.他是一位天才作家，创作的小说读者甚众。15 Finally,in the fourth movement,he connects all of the different variations into a joyful chorus.(page 26,lines 3839)最后，在第四乐章中，他把所有不同的变奏连接成欢乐的合唱。第九交

486、响曲又被称为合唱交响曲，正是因其第四乐章中加入了大型合唱，合唱的歌词来自德国著名诗人席勒（Schiller）的欢乐颂，这部分是整个交响乐的高潮。贝多芬早年读到席勒的欢乐颂时，就产生了用音乐来展现这首诗的想法。第九交响曲体现了“从黑暗到光明”的思想，因而贝多芬决定把欢乐颂作为他歌颂的核心，把伟大的欢乐奉献给所有的人。Unit 31 Painting is silent poetry,and poetry is painting that speaks.Simonides of Ceos(page 29)画是无言的诗，诗是有声的画。凯奥斯岛的西摩尼得斯 该句出自古希腊抒情诗人西摩尼得斯（约公元前

487、556公元前 468），其作品现仅存少数短诗和若干残篇。这句话由希腊史学家、作家普鲁塔克（Plutarch，约 46120）转述，说明了绘画与诗歌两种艺术形式的相通性。872 Housed in an old railway building,this world-famous art museum features some of the best-known paintings from the Impressionist movement of the 19th century.(page 30,lines 46)这座举世闻名的艺术博物馆设于一座古老的铁路建筑中，重点展出十九世纪印象派运

488、动中最著名的一些画作。(1)奥赛博物馆由一座废弃的火车站改造而成，位于塞纳河畔，与卢浮宫隔河相望。奥赛博物馆主要陈列 1848 年至 1914 年间的艺术珍品。在巴黎，这一时期之前的艺术品由卢浮宫收藏，之后的艺术品则珍藏在蓬皮杜国家艺术文化中心，因而可以说奥赛博物馆是古代艺术和现代艺术之间承上启下的一页。奥赛博物馆是世界上收藏印象派画作最多的地方,此外馆内还收藏了其他风格的画作以及雕塑、装饰艺术作品等。(2)句中 house 作动词，意为“安置，收藏”。如：The painting is now housed in the British Museum.该画作现藏于大英博物馆。(3)句中 fe

489、ature 作动词，意为“以为特色，是的特征”。如：The latest model features a smaller size and more fashionable design.最新款的特点是体积更小，设计更时尚。3 When I saw it up close,I was struck by the small areas of light across the painting,and the way the soft edges of the figures seemed to mix together.(page 31,lines 2325)我靠近观察，画面上遍布着小面积的

490、光斑，人物柔和的轮廓好像融为一体，令我惊叹不已。句中 be struck by 意为“被打动，迷恋”。如：The first time I saw her,I was struck by her beautiful smile.我第一次见到她时就被她美丽的笑容打动了。4 Everyday subject matter was the main focus of their works,as opposed to the history paintings that had traditionally dominated European art.(page 31,lines 3133)日常题材

491、是他们作品的重点，这有别于传统上在欧洲艺术中占主导地位的历史题材画作。(1)句中 as opposed to 意为“而（不是），相对于”，表示对比。如：Now students can express their own ideas,as opposed to just listening to the teacher.现在学生可以表达自己的观点，而不只是听老师讲。(2)句中 dominate 意为“在中具有最重要（或明显）的特色”。如：Her paintings dominated last years art scene.她的画作在去年的艺术界独占鳌头。885 They employed

492、free brushwork and used colours to show the effect of light on things,creating paintings that were far less realistic than the works that came before.(page 31,lines 3335)他们运用了自由的笔触，用色彩来展示光投射在物体上的效果，创作出的绘画作品远不像前人所作的那么写实。(1)印象派画家主张描绘瞬间的印象，他们更多考虑画的整体效果，较少顾及细节。他们在户外依据眼睛的观察和现场的直观感受作画，追求在光色变化中表现对象的整体感。(2)

493、句中 employ 意为“使用，采用”。如：The teacher employed a new teaching method to help young students learn English.老师采用了新教学法帮助低龄学生学英语。6 Painted on a five-metre-long silk scroll,it offers an important insight into life in China in the 12th century.(page 39,lines 13)它绘于一幅五米长的绢布卷轴上，让我们得以深入了解十二世纪中国的生活风貌。句中 insight 意

494、为“洞悉，了解”。如：His article gave us a deep insight into the causes of economic depression.他的文章使我们对经济萧条的原因有了深入的理解。7 The first section presents a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjing,featuring crop fields,a river winding through the landscape,and farmers hard at work.(page 39,lines 79)第一部分展现了汴京城外平静的乡

495、村生活场景，重点描绘了农田、蜿蜒而过的河流和辛勤劳作的农民。句中 wind 为动词，意为“蜿蜒，曲折而行”。如：The highway winds its way along the coast.公路沿着海岸蜿蜒伸展。8 Here,hundreds of people from all walks of life,including butchers,hairdressers and government officials,can be seen going about their daily business.(page 39,lines 1214)在这里，我们可以看见数百个来自各行各业的

496、人正在忙着自己的营生，有肉贩，有理发师，还有官差。(1)句中 from all walks of life 意为“来自各行各业”，也可以说 from every walk of life。(a)walk of life 意为“行业，职业”。如：Our members include people from all walks of life.我们的成员来自各行各业。(2)句中 go about 意为“忙于”。如：It was a sunny day and people went about their work as usual.这是个晴天，人们像平时一样忙着自己的工作。899 This w

497、ell-developed ability,as well as the scrolls ambitious size,allows Zhang to show an enormous amount of detailyou could study the painting for hours and still discover something new.(page 39,lines 1921)张择端娴熟的绘画技艺以及气势恢宏的画幅，让他能展现海量的细节你细看这幅画卷数小时之后还能有新的发现。(1)句中 ambitious 意为“规模宏大的”。如：He came up with ambit

498、ious plans for social reform.他提出了宏伟的社会改革计划。(2)句中 enormous 意为“巨大的，极大的”。如：She looked so small on the enormous stage.在巨大的舞台上，她显得那么渺小。10 However,some critics suggest that on closer inspection,the painting actually exposes serious political and social problems.(page 40,lines 2728)然而一些评论家提出，进行更为仔细的观察，会发现这

499、幅画实际上揭露了严重的政治和社会问题。(1)宋徽宗在位时政治、军事、外交均已走入绝境，国家处在一片内忧外患之中。清明上河图表面展现盛景，实则暗藏玄机，因此这幅画通常也被称为“盛世危图”。除了课文中提到的一些细节，画中还有很多地方可以体现这点。(2)句中 inspection 意为“检查，查看，审视”。如：The experts carried out a thorough inspection of the planes engines.专家们彻底检查了飞机的引擎。(3)句中 expose 意为“揭露，揭穿”。如：The film exposes the horrible crimes tha

500、t people committed against animals.这部电影揭露了人们对动物犯下的可怕罪行。11 In fact,the Northern Song Dynasty was in decline by this stage.(page 40,lines 3334)事实上，到这个阶段，北宋已经走向衰落了。句中 decline 意为“下降，衰退，衰落”。如：There was a rapid decline in unemployment since the new policy was carried out.新政策实施之后，失业人数迅速减少。12 Its value is d

501、own not only to its great scale,artistic quality and attention to detail,but also to its representation of daily life.(page 40,lines 3738)它的价值不仅在于画幅宏大，艺术性高，注重细节，而且还在于对日常生活的展现。句中 be down to 意为“归因于”。如：His success is all down to his amazing willpower.他的成功完全归功于他惊人的毅力。9013 Such is its worth that several

502、later emperors even asked the most talented artists of their day to make copies of the scroll.(page 40,lines 3840)这幅画价值如此之高，以至于后世有几位皇帝甚至命令当朝最有才华的画家来临摹这幅长卷。这是一个倒装句，such 置于句首时，主句要倒装。如：Such are the facts;no one can deny them.事实如此，没人能否认。Such a nice man did he seem that we all believed him.他看起来人不错，以至于我们都

503、相信了他。14 Some of these copies are now regarded as precious works of art in their own right.(page 40,lines 4041)现在其中一些摹本本身就被视为艺术珍品。句中 in ones own right 意为“凭自身的资格（或努力）”。如：Kate works for a design company but she is also a painter in her own right.凯特在一家设计公司工作，但她本身也是一名画家。15 The publics continued enthusias

504、m about the Qingming Scroll,even after all these centuries,speaks volumes about the power of this historic piece of art.(page 40,lines 4648)甚至在几个世纪之后，公众仍对清明上河图热情不减，这足以证明这幅历史性画作的影响力。(1)句中 speak volumes about 意为“足以证明”。如：Your small gestures speak volumes about how nervous you are.你的那些小动作足以证明你有多紧张。(2)句中

505、 historic 意为“历史上著名（或重要）的，可名垂青史的”。如：It was a historic moment for our country.这对我们国家来说是历史性的一刻。Unit 41 Poetry is an expression of ones will.What is kept in the heart is the will,but when expressed in words,it is poetry.“Preface to The Book of Songs”(page 43)诗者，志之所之也，在心为志，发言为诗。毛诗序 该句出自中国古代诗歌理论文献毛诗序。毛诗是西

506、汉初年鲁国的毛亨和赵国的毛苌所辑、注的诗经版本，毛诗序即为它所作的序言，其作者不详。这句话说明了诗歌具有抒情言志的功能。2 Even if its true meaning appears to be beyond your grasp,you can always say something about how the poem sounds when you read it aloud.(page 44,lines 57)91 即使你似乎无法理解诗歌的真正含义，也总是可以说说这首诗在朗读时听起来如何。句中 grasp 意为“理解（力），领会”，beyond ones grasp 意为“无法

507、理解”。如：He has a good grasp of various painting styles.他对各种绘画风格都了如指掌。This essay is beyond the grasp of an average high school student.这篇散文是一般中学生不能理解的。3 As an explorer,you will not reach your goal immediatelyyou need to go on a journey to a remote and unknown destination.(page 45,lines 4244)作为一名探险家，你不会

508、立即达成你的目标你得踏上旅途，朝远方未知的目的地前进。句中 remote 意为“偏远的，偏僻的”。如：After two hours walk,they arrived at a remote mountain village.走了两个小时之后，他们来到了一个偏僻的山村。4 Poems that are easy to understand are often less interesting than those that constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings.(page 45,lines 4648)相比容

509、易理解的诗，那些不断展现更加深刻的、先前未发现的意义的诗常常更加有趣。句中 constantly 意为“始终，一直，重复不断地”，由形容词 constant 加副词后缀-ly构成，constant 意为“持续发生的，不断的，重复的”。如：Our concept of beauty is constantly changing.我们的审美观无时无刻不在变化。They live in constant fear of losing their jobs.他们时刻处于失业的担忧中。5 “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”by Robert Frost(page

510、 45,line 54)雪夜林边小驻是美国现代诗人罗伯特弗罗斯特（18741963）一首深受广大读者喜爱的不朽之作。弗罗斯特是美国 20 世纪最负盛名的诗人之一，他善于运用象征主义表现手法，用看似平淡的小事来表达深刻的哲理，巧妙地表达诗歌的主题思想。雪夜林边小驻中，一位步履沉重的赶路人牵着马走到一片幽深可爱的林边休息，并陶醉其中，虽然依依不舍，但不得不离开，继续他的行程。这首诗向我们展示了人在理想和现实之间的困惑和矛盾心理，表达了诗人对人生和社会的思考。6 As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or

511、lets you perceive another level of meaning,it will have been worth your effort.(page 45,lines 5759)只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟，或者让你发现另一层含义，你的努力就是值得的。句中 perceive 意为“注意到，意识到，察觉到”。如：I didnt perceive anything unusual about his behaviour that morning.那天早上我没看出他有什么异样。927 Instead,they advocated going back to nature.(page

512、 48)相反，他们提倡回归自然。句中 advocate 意为“拥护，支持，提倡”。如：Do you advocate banning smoking in all public places?你支持在公共场所一律禁止吸烟吗？8 “The Road Not Taken”(page 50)未选择的路是罗伯特弗罗斯特的代表作之一。这首诗描述了一个人处于人生岔路口时的艰难抉择。他最后选择了那条人迹罕至的路，同时又对另外一条路充满遐想。“路”是这首诗最重要的意象，全诗强调了选择对人生道路的重大影响。诗歌分为四节，每节的第一、三、四行，第二、五行分别押韵，整首诗韵律十分优美。9 Equally impre

513、ssive is Li Bais free expression of strong feelings,which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes,and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets.(page 54,lines 2931)同样让人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发，这为他笔下的无生命物体注入了生机，也让他有别于其他山水诗人。句中 distinguish 意为“成为的特征，使有别于”，还可以表示“区分，辨别，分清”的意思，后面常跟介词 fr

514、om 或 between。如：The male bird is distinguished from the female bird by its colourful tail.雄鸟尾巴五颜六色，有别于雌鸟。He could no longer distinguish between imagination and reality.他再也无法区分幻想和现实了。10 One such poet is Ezra Pound,a 20th-century American poet.(page 54,line 43)二十世纪的美国诗人埃兹拉庞德就是其中一位。埃兹拉庞德（18851972），美国诗人和

515、文学评论家、意象派诗歌运动的重要代表人物。庞德从美国东方学家费诺罗萨（Fenollosa）的笔记中翻译整理出一些古典诗歌，结为华夏集（Cathay），于 1915 年 4 月出版，诗集中大部分内容译自李白的诗。实际上，华夏集中的诗基本上都不能称作译诗，而应称作改写诗。庞德经过翻译中国诗歌的实践，在自己的诗歌创作中吸收了中国诗歌的丰富营养，使自己的诗歌令人耳目一新，为西方诗歌注入了活力。9394Grammar notes Unit 1动词不定式作主语和表语1 动词不定式可以在句中用作主语。如：To cook Chinese food is not easy.动词不定式作句子主语时可以用形式主语

516、it 代替，将不定式置于句末。如：It is difficult to find a true friend.2 动词不定式可以在句中用作表语。如：His aim was to cheer me up.3 动词不定式前可以加上 for 引导的短语，表示不定式的逻辑主语。如：It would make me very happy for her to win the election.4 动词不定式作主语和表语时，可以有被动形式。如：It was a great honour to be invited here today.The festival is to be held next Fri

517、day.Unit 2动词-ing 形式作主语和宾语1 动词-ing 形式可以在句中用作主语。如：Swimming is fun.动词-ing 形式在句中用作主语时，有时可以用形式主语 it 代替。如：Its no use crying.2 动词-ing 形式可以在句中用作动词的宾语。常接动词-ing 形式作宾语的动词有advise、avoid、enjoy、escape、finish、imagine、mind、practise、risk、suggest 等。如：We enjoy reading English stories.Have you finished typing the report

518、?3 动词-ing 形式可以在句中用作介词的宾语。如：I keep fit by swimming.4 动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语常用物主代词或名词所有格表示。如：Your coming to visit is a great encouragement to us.There is a good chance of Toms getting well again.5 动词-ing 形式作主语和宾语时可以有被动形式。如：Being praised by the teacher makes me happy.Jack escaped being hit by a car.95Unit 3动词-

519、ing 形式和动词-ed 形式作表语1 动词-ing 形式可以在句中用作表语，常用来表示主语所具有的特征。如：The novel is inspiring.2 动词-ed 形式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语的状态。如：We were excited to hear the news.3 动词-ing 形式作表语，常修饰物；动词-ed 形式作表语，常修饰人。如：The story is touching.We were amazed at the sight.4 动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式作表语时动词色彩常常被淡化，后面通常不能跟宾语，但可以用 very、greatly 等表示程度的副词

520、对其进行修饰。如：The football match was very exciting.She is greatly pleased with the results.5 有时动词-ing 形式表示主语所指的内容，这时动词-ing 形式仍然可以带有逻辑主语或者宾语。如：My aim is everybodys having a good time.My job is teaching primary school students.Unit 4非谓语动词综述非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。见下表：形 式功 能

521、主语宾语表语定语状语补语动词不定式动词-ing 形式动词-ed 形式1 非谓语动词作主语：动词不定式与动词-ing 形式(1)动词不定式和动词-ing 形式都可以在句中用作主语。不定式作主语时常常用形式主语 it 代替，不定式置于句末。如：Collecting stamps is my hobby.It is my hobby to collect stamps.96(2)动词-ing 形式有时也用形式主语 it 代替，动词-ing 形式置于句末。如：It is no good pretending to know what you do not know.It is no use compl

522、aining.2 非谓语动词作宾语：动词不定式与动词-ing 形式(1)在 afford、agree、arrange、choose、claim、desire、expect、fail、hope、intend、offer、pretend、promise、refuse、wish 等动词后，常接动词不定式作宾语。如：Mike offered to help me.Tom promised to go with me.(2)在 advise、admit、avoid、consider、deny、enjoy、finish、practise、suggest 等动词以及 burst out、give up、in

523、sist on、keep on、put off 等短语后，常接动词-ing形式作宾语。如：I considered going to see him in person.Everyone burst out laughing.(3)在 like、love、begin、start 等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词-ing 形式作宾语，但二者区别不大，常可以交换使用。如：I like singing.=I like to sing.It started raining.=It started to rain.(4)在 remember、forget、regret、try、mean

524、等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词-ing 形式作宾语，但二者意义不同。如：I remember seeing him before.（我记得曾经见过他。）Remember to tell him about it.（记得把这件事告诉他。）I now regret telling the lie.（我现在后悔说谎了。）I regret to tell you the bad news.（我很遗憾告诉你这个坏消息。）(5)介词后一般只接动词-ing 形式作宾语。如：How about coming with us?3 非谓语动词作表语：动词不定式、动词-ing 形式与动词-ed 形

525、式(1)动词不定式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语所指的内容，动词不定式可以带逻辑主语。动词不定式作表语，有的情况下 to 可以省略。如：My purpose is to help them.My hope is for all members to come together.All I did was(to)give him a little push.(2)动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语的特征或者状态，动词-ing 形式还可以表示主语所指的内容。如：The book was so interesting that he almost forgot the t

526、ime.He is very concerned with the matter.This is asking for trouble.974 非谓语动词作定语：动词不定式、动词-ing 形式与动词-ed 形式(1)动词不定式作定语常表示将要发生的事，动词-ing 形式作定语常表示正在发生的事，动词-ed 形式作定语常表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义。如：I have a meeting to attend tomorrow.The boy standing there is my friend.Jack cleared the fallen leaves on the ground.Many

527、students like to read novels written in English.(2)动词不定式和动词-ing 形式作定语时可以有被动形式。如：The building to be built in the square will be a new library.Do you see the house being built over there?5 非谓语动词作状语：动词不定式、动词-ing 形式与动词-ed 形式(1)动词不定式作状语可以表示目的或者结果，动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、伴随等意义。如：Susan came to see m

528、e.She lived to be one hundred.I sat there waiting for him.Deeply moved,I decided to follow his example.(2)动词-ing 形式具有主动意义，动词-ed 形式具有被动意义。如：She was in the kitchen preparing dinner.Compared with you,we still have a long way to go.(3)动词-ing 形式作状语可用完成式。如：Having finished their work,they had a good rest.6

529、 非谓语动词作补语：动词不定式、动词-ing 形式与动词-ed 形式(1)在 expect、forbid、force、order、permit、request、warn 等动词后，常接“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构，动词不定式作补语。如：We can always expect him to help us.He warned us to be careful.(2)在 see、hear、notice、watch、feel 等动词后，可以接不带 to 的动词不定式作补语，表示动作的整个过程；这些动词也可以接动词-ing 形式作补语，表示动作正在进行。如：I saw him cross the

530、street and enter a shop.（我看见他穿过马路然后进了一家商店。）I saw him crossing the street.（我看见他正在过马路。）(3)动词-ed 形式作补语常表示被动意义。如：How would you like your hair cut?We must get our work finished by 10 oclock.Unit 1 mood/mud/n.情绪，心情；气氛，氛围(2)combination/kmbnen/n.结合体，联合体；联合，混合(2)do the trick 奏效，起作用，达到目的(2)creamy/krimi/adj.含奶

531、油的；像奶油的，光滑细腻的；淡黄色的(2)flavour/flev(r)/(AmE flavor)n.味，味道；特点，特色 vt.给调味，加味于(2)greedily/ridli/adv.贪婪地，贪心地(2)gently/dentli/adv.轻柔地，温和地(2)dessert/dzt/n.（饭后）甜点，甜食(2)association/ssien;sien/n.联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往(2)vary/veri/vi.（根据情况）变化，变更；相异，不同 vt.变更，改变(2)link/lk/vt.联系，相关联；把连接起来 n.联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接(3)emotion/mn/n

532、.情感，强烈的感情，激情，情绪 (3)saucer/ss(r)/n.碟状物，茶碟，茶托(3)*vinegar/vn(r)/n.醋(3)native/netv/n.出生于某国（或某地）的人；本地人 adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的；土产的(3)salty/slti/adj.咸的，含盐的(3)sour/sa(r)/adj.酸的，有酸味的；馊的 vi.&vt.（使）变坏；变味，酸腐(3)cry out for 迫切需要(3)relieve/rliv/vt.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解(3)bond/bnd/n.纽带，联系；连接，结合(3)security/skjrti/n.安全；保护措施；保安部门；担保，

533、保证(5)generate/denret/vt.产生，引起(5)calorie/klri/n.卡，卡路里；千卡(5)digest/dadest;ddest/vt.&vi.消化；领会，理解 /dadest/n.摘要，文摘(5)lower/l(r)/vt.降低，减少；把放低，使降下 adj.下面的；在底部的；低洼的(5)cycle/sakl/n.循环；自行车，摩托车 vi.骑自行车(5)enhance/nhns/vt.提高，增强(6)throw oneself into 投身于，热衷于(6)boil/bl/vt.&vi.用沸水煮；（使）沸腾(6)fry/fra/vt.&vi.油炸，油煎(6)ste

534、ak/stek/n.牛排；肉排，肉块(6)pan/pn/n.平锅，平底锅(6)impress/mpres/vt.&vi.使钦佩，给留下深刻印象；使意识到(7)buffet/bfe;bfe/n.自助餐(7)bay/be/n.（海或湖的）湾(7)scenery/sinri/n.风景，景色；舞台布景(7)bet/bet/n.打赌，赌注；预计，估计 说明：本表收录各单元阅读文章和语篇练习中所包含的生词和短语，不收录指示语和讲解文字中所包含的生词和短语。带*的词条为普通高中英语课程标准(2017 年版 2020 年修订)规定之外的词汇。98Wordlist 1(by unit)vi.&vt.(bet,b

535、et)下赌注，打赌；敢说(7)atmosphere/tmsf(r)/n.气氛，氛围；大气；气体；空气(7)out of this world 好（或美等）得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫(9)version/vn/n.变体，变种；说法；版本(9)filling/fl/n.（糕点等的）馅(9)elderly/eldli/adj.年纪较大的，上了年纪的(9)bake/bek/vt.&vi.烘烤；烤硬(9)flour/fla(r)/n.面粉(9)adorable/drbl/adj.可爱的，讨人喜爱的(9)mild/mald/adj.不浓的，淡味的；暖和的；温和的；不严重的 (9)*tiramisu/trmsu

536、/n.提拉米苏(9)bakery/bekri/n.面包（糕饼）店(9)*layer/le(r);le(r)/n.层，表层；层次(9)cheese/tiz/n.干酪，奶酪(9)bitter/bt(r)/adj.味苦的；激烈的；令人难过的；严寒的(9)cream/krim/n.奶油，乳脂；护肤霜(9)*ingredient/nridint/n.材料，成分；因素，要素(9)loose/lus/adj.不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的(11)let sth loose 释放；放任(11)*chilli/tli/(AmE chili)n.辣椒(11)pepper/pep(r)/n.甜椒；胡

537、椒粉(11)Sichuan pepper 花椒(11)onion/njn/n.洋葱，葱头(11)spring onion 小葱，香葱(11)damp/dmp/adj.潮湿的，湿气重的(11)foggy/fi/adj.有雾的，雾茫茫的(11)dynasty/dnsti/n.朝，代；王朝(11)expand/kspnd/vt.&vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展（业务）；详谈，详述(11)multiple/mltpl/adj.数量多的，多样的(11)*sauce/ss/n.调味汁，酱(11)plain/plen/adj.朴素的，简单的；清楚的 n.平原(11)slice/slas/n.薄片，片；部分，份

538、额 vt.把切成片；切开，割破(11)chef/ef/n.主厨，厨师(12)property/prpti/n.性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产(12)appropriate/prprit/adj.合适的(12)estimate/estmet/vt.估计，估价 /estmt/n.估计；估计的成本(12)consume/knsjum/vt.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费（尤指燃料、能量或时间）(12)hit the spot 使人满意，正合需要(12)*Cantonese/kntniz/adj.广东人（或文化）的，粤语的 n.(pl.Cantonese)广东人；粤语(12)*dim sum/dm sm/n

539、.点心(12)essential/senl/adj.必不可少的；本质的，基本的(12)innovation/nven/n.创造，创新；新思想，新方法(12)concept/knsept/n.概念，观念(12)stimulate/stmjulet/vt.促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋(12)appetite/ptat/n.食欲，胃口；强烈欲望(12)delicate/delkt/adj.精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的(12)emphasis/emfss/n.(pl.emphases /emfsiz/)强调，重视；重读(12)steam/stim/vt.&vi.蒸；散发蒸汽 n.水蒸气；

540、蒸汽动力；水汽(12)gram/rm/n.克(13)cabbage/kbd/n.甘蓝，卷心菜(13)wrapper/rp(r)/n.（食品等的）包装材料，包装纸(13)mixture/mkst(r)/n.混合物；混合，结合(13)edge/ed/n.边，边缘；刀口(13)apart/pt/adv.成碎片；分开；相隔(13)fall apart 破碎，破裂；崩溃(13)99Unit 2*Austrian/strin/adj.奥地利的，奥地利 人的(15)composer/kmpz(r)/n.作曲家，作曲者(15)symphony/smfni/n.交响乐，交响曲(15)*concerto/knte

541、t/n.协奏曲(15)*Polish/pl/adj.波兰的，波兰人的，波兰 语的(15)compose/kmpz/vt.&vi.作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静(16)deserve/dzv/vt.值得，应得(16)tear apart 使（关系密切的人）分离，分开(16)pleasant/pleznt/adj.令人愉快的，可喜的；友好的，和善的(16)whisper/wsp(r)/vi.&vt.耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响 n.低语；轻柔的声音；传言(16)dramatic/drmtk/adj.激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的(16)weep/wip/vi.&vt.(wept,wept

542、)哭泣，流泪 (16)overcome/vkm/vt.(overcame,overcome)受到的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜(16)sorrow/sr/n.悲伤，悲痛；伤心事(16)*grave/rev/n.坟墓；死亡，去世 adj.严重的；严肃的(16)transform/trnsfm/vi.&vt.（使）变形，（使）改观，（使）转化(16)forever/frev(r)/adv.永远；长久地；老是(16)combine/kmban/vt.&vi.（使）融合；（使）结合，（使）混合；兼做；合并(16)rely/rla/on 依赖，依靠；信任(17)blues/bluz/n.(the blue

543、s)布鲁斯音乐，蓝调；忧郁，悲伤 (17)folk/fk/adj.民间的，民俗的 n.民间音乐；人们；各位；家人(17)tune/tjun/n.曲调，曲子 vt.调音；调频道；调整(17)*lyric/lrk/n.歌词；抒情诗 adj.抒情的；吟唱的(17)throw in 奉送，额外赠送(17)for good measure 作为额外增添(17)rural/rrl/adj.乡村的，农村的(17)surroundings/srandz/n.周围，环境(17)*heaven/hevn/n.极乐之地(17)*breeze/briz/n.微风，和风(17)guarantee/rnti/vt.保证，

544、担保；确保；为（产品）提供保修 n.保证，担保；保修单(17)jazz/dz/n.爵士乐(19)arch/t/n.拱门；拱(19)adaptation/dpten/n.改编本，改写本；适应(19)communist/kmjnst/adj.共产主义的 n.共产主义者(19)*invader/nved(r)/n.武装入侵的军队（或国家），侵略者(19)consist/knsst/of 由组成（或构成）(19)defend/dfend/vt.&vi.保护，防御；辩白，辩解(19)*solo/sl/n.独奏，独唱 adj.独自的；独唱的，独奏的(19)flow/fl/vi.流，流动；充满；涨起 n.流

545、，流动；连贯；涨潮(20)*spacecraft/speskrft/n.(pl.spacecraft)航天（飞行）器，宇宙飞船(21)solar/sl(r)/adj.太阳的；太阳能的(21)greet/rit/vt.问候，欢迎，招呼(21)get down to(doing)sth 开始做某事，开始认真注意（或对待）某事(21)suitable/sutbl;sjutbl/adj.合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的(21)recording/rkd/n.录音，视频；录制；记100录，记载(21)distant/dstnt/adj.遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的(21)volume/vljum

546、/n.音量，响度；体积，容积，容量；量，额(23)stare/ste(r)/vi.盯着看，凝视，注视 n.盯，凝视，注视(23)breath/bre/n.呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量，迹象(23)unusual/njuul/adj.特别的，不寻常的；独特的，与众不同的(23)grab/rb/vt.&vi.吸引；抓住；赶紧，抓紧(23)sweep/swip/vt.&vi.(swept,swept)席卷，横扫；打扫；吹走；清除 n.打扫，清扫(23)disc/dsk/(AmE disk)n.唱片；光碟，光盘；圆盘，圆片(23)complicated/kmplketd/adj.复杂的，难懂的(2

547、3)*lane/len/n.（乡间）小路；小巷；车道；跑道；航线(23)accompany/kmpni/vt.陪同，陪伴；伴随，与同时发生；为伴奏(23)expectation/ekspekten/n.希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望(23)remarkable/rmkbl/adj.非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的(25)stream/strim/vi.&vt.鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动 n.小溪；（人）流，（车）流(25)enthusiastic/njuzistk/adj.热情的，热心的(25)handkerchief/hktf;hktif/n.(pl.handkerchiefs or h

548、andkerchieves)手帕，纸巾(25)vast/vst/adj.大量的，辽阔的，巨大的(25)gifted/ftd/adj.有才华的，有天赋的(25)reputation/repjuten/n.名誉，名声(25)brilliant/brlint/adj.聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的(25)prediction/prdkn/n.预言，预测(25)extraordinary/kstrdnri/adj.不寻常的，非凡的；意想不到的，令人惊奇的(25)depress/dpres/vt.使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气(25)upset/pset/adj.难过的，失望的/pset/

549、vt.(upset,upset)使烦恼；搅乱；打翻(25)possess/pzes/vt.具有（特质）；拥有；支配，控制(26)abandon/bndn/vt.中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃(26)all of a sudden 突然，猛地(26)*orchestra/kstr/n.管弦乐队(26)desperate/desprt/adj.绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的(26)uplifting/plft/adj.令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的(26)ease/iz/n.容易，轻易；舒适，安逸 vi.&vt.（使）宽慰，减轻(26)genius/dinis/n.天赋，天资；天才(26)var

550、iation/verien/n.变奏，变奏曲；变化，变更；变体，变种(26)chorus/krs/n.合唱曲；副歌；合唱团(26)grand/rnd/adj.宏大的，宏伟的；壮丽的，堂皇的(26)*finale/fnli/n.末乐章，终场，结局；结尾(26)*rhythm/rm/n.节奏，韵律，律动；规律(27)Unit 3*portrait/ptret/n.肖像，半身画像；详细的描述，描绘(29)landscape/lndskep/n.乡村风景画；风景，景色(29)wander/wnd(r)/vi.&vt.闲逛，漫步；走101失；走神；蜿蜒曲折(30)gallery/lri/n.展览馆，画廊

551、；长廊，走廊；楼上旁听席(30)decade/deked;dked/n.十年，十年期(30)mostly/mstli/adv.主要地，一般地(30)pond/pnd/n.池塘，水池(31)*canvas/knvs/n.画布，油画；帆布(31)neighbourhood/nebhd/(AmE neighborhood)n.街区，城区；邻近的 地方(31)strike/strak/vt.&vi.(struck,struck)突然想到；撞，碰；打；突击；罢工；划（火柴）n.罢工；袭击；击，打(31)setting/set/n.环境，背景；情节背景(31)like-minded/lak mandd/a

552、dj.想法相同的，志趣相投的(31)liberation/lbren/n.解放，摆脱(31)opposed/pzd/adj.截然不同的；强烈反对的(31)as opposed to（表示对比）而，相对于(31)dominate/dmnet/vt.&vi.在中具有最重要（或明显）的特色；支配，控制；占有优势；俯视(31)employ/mpl/vt.运用，使用；雇用(31)brushwork/brwk/n.（画家的）笔触，画法(31)realistic/rilstk;rlstk/adj.逼真的，栩栩如生的；现实的，实际的；明智的(31)essence/esns/n.本质，精髓；香精，精油(31)v

553、ivid/vvd/adj.鲜明的，耀眼的；生动的(31)vision/vn/n.远见卓识；视力，视野；想象(31)display/dsple/vt.陈列，展出；显示，表现 n.陈列，展览；表现；展示(31)worthy/wi/adj.值得（或应得）的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的(31)calling/kl/n.职业，事业；使命感(33)shade/ed/n.阴影部分；色度；阴凉处(34)bathe/be/vt.以（光线）洒满，覆盖，使沐浴（在光线里）；用水清洗(34)*pixel/pksl/n.像素(34)wage/wed/vt.开始，发动 n.（通常指按周领的）工资，工钱(35)campaign

554、/kmpen/n.（宣传）活动，运动；战役 vt.&vi.发起运动，参加活动(35)architecture/ktekt(r)/n.建筑设计，建筑风格；建筑学(35)toast/tst/n.吐司，烤面包片；干杯，祝酒 vt.为干杯；烤；取暖(37)garlic/lk/n.蒜，大蒜(37)mushroom/mrm/n.蘑菇(37)arrange/rend/vt.&vi.整理，布置；安排，筹备(37)raw/r/adj.未经加工的，自然状态的；生的，未烹制的(37)*scroll/skrl/n.长卷纸，卷轴(39)insight/nsat/n.洞悉，了解；洞察力，领悟(39)crop/krp/n.

555、庄稼，作物；收成，产量(39)wind/wand/vi.&vt.(wound,wound)蜿蜒，迂回；上发条；缠绕(39)sail/sel/vi.&vt.（乘船）航行；起航；驾驶（船只）；飘，掠 n.帆；乘船航行(39)civilian/svlin/n.平民，老百姓，庶民(39)all walks of life 各行各业，社会各界(39)butcher/bt(r)/n.肉贩，屠夫(39)go about sth 忙于做某事，继续做某事(39)apparent/prnt/adj.显而易见，明白易懂，显然(39)*ink/k/n.墨水，墨汁(39)*perspective/pspektv/n.透

556、视法；态度，观点；客观判断力；景观，远景(39)precise/prsas/adj.细致的，精细的；准确的，精确的；恰好的(39)ambitious/mbs/adj.宏大的，艰巨的；有野心的，有雄心的(39)102 enormous/nms/adj.巨大的，庞大的(39)comprehensive/kmprhensv/adj.全面的，详尽的；综合性的(40)clothing/kl/n.衣服，服装(40)temple/templ/n.庙宇，寺院(40)structure/strkt(r)/n.建筑物；结构，构造；精心组织(40)overall/vrl/adj.全面的，综合的 adv.全部，总计；

557、一般来说，大体上(40)critic/krtk/n.批评家，评论家；批评者，挑剔的人(40)inspection/nspekn/n.检查，查看，审视；视察(40)expose/kspz/vt.揭露，揭穿；暴露，显露；使遭受；使接触(40)political/pltkl/adj.政治的，政府的，政权的；政党的，党派的(40)soldier/sld(r)/n.军人，士兵(40)crisis/krass/n.(pl.crises/krasiz/)危机，危急关头；危难时刻，病危期(40)decline/dklan/n.衰退，衰落，减少，下降 vi.&vt.减少，下降，衰退，衰落；谢绝(40)overt

558、hrow/vr/vt.(overthrew,overthrown)推翻，打倒 /vr/n.推翻，打倒(40)be down to 由引起（或造成）(40)*scale/skel/n.规模，范围；等级，级别；标度；比例(40)emperor/empr(r)/n.皇帝(40)in ones own right 凭自身的资格（或努力）(40)outstanding/atstnd/adj.优秀的，杰出的；突出的，明显的(40)exhibition/eksbn/n.展览，展出(40)rare/re(r)/adj.稀少的，罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的(40)speak volumes about 充分说明，清楚

559、表明(40)historic/hstrk/adj.历史上著名的；有史时期的(40)career/kr(r)/n.经历，事业；生涯，职业(41)Unit 4*barren/brn/adj.贫瘠的，不毛的；不结果实的(43)frozen/frzn/adj.结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的(43)imply/mpla/vt.含有的意思，暗示，暗指(44)dimension/damenn/n.方面，侧面；规模，程度；维(44)grasp/rsp/n.理解，领会；抓紧，握紧，控制；能力所及 vt.抓紧；领会，理解(44)detect/dtekt/vt.发现，查明，侦察出(44)rhyme/ram/n.押韵

560、词；押韵 vt.使押韵 vi.和同韵(44)complex/kmpleks/adj.复杂的，难懂的 n.建筑群；复合体；情结(45)contradictory/kntrdktri/adj.相互矛盾的，对立的(45)dig up 发现，搜集，查明(45)clue/klu/n.线索，提示；迹象(45)cage/ked/vt.把（动物）关在笼中 n.笼子(45)*trill/trl/n.（鸟的）啼啭；颤音 vt.欢快地高声说 vi.发颤音(45)interpret/ntprt/vt.解释，阐释；把理解为，领会；演绎 vi.口译(45)patience/pens/n.耐心，忍耐力(45)aside/s

561、ad/adv.到旁边，在旁边；留，存；除以外(45)set sth aside 把放一边；留出(45)103 remote/rmt/adj.偏远的，偏僻的；遥远的，久远的；远亲的(45)reward/rwd/vt.奖励，奖赏 n.奖励，回报；悬赏金(45)constantly/knstntli/adv.始终，一直(45)logical/ldkl/adj.符合逻辑的；必然的，合乎情理的(45)inner/n(r)/adj.内心的，隐藏的；里面的，内部的(45)perceive/psiv/vt.注意到，意识到；将理解为，将视为(45)reality/rilti/n.现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历(

562、45)mist/mst/n.薄雾，水汽(47)novelist/nvlst/n.小说家(48)break with sth 与某事终止关联，破除(48)ideal/adil/n.理想；典范 adj.完美的，理想的(48)rigid/rdd/adj.死板的，僵硬的；固执的，僵化的(48)undergo/nd/vt.(underwent,undergone)经历，经受(48)industrialization/ndstrilazen/n.工业化(48)advocate/dvket/vt.拥护，支持，提倡/dvkt/n.拥护者，支持者；辩护律师(48)belief/blif/n.看法，信念；信仰；相

563、信，信心 (48)era/r/n.时代，年代(48)district/dstrkt/n.区，行政区；地区，区域(49)*diverge/davd/vi.分叉，岔开；分歧，相异；偏离(50)bend/bend/vi.&vt.(bent,bent)（使）拐弯，弯曲 n.拐弯，弯道(50)claim/klem/n.声明，宣称；所有权；索赔 vt.宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得(50)*tread/tred/vi.&vt.(trod,trodden)踩，踏；踩碎，践踏；行走，步行(50)*sigh/sa/n.&vi.叹气，叹息(50)hence/hens/adv.因此，由此(50)dare/de(r)/

564、vi.&vt.敢于，胆敢；激（某人做某事）(53)*dweller/dwel(r)/n.居民，居住者(53)striking/strak/adj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的(53)characterize/krktraz/(also characterise)vt.是的特征，以为典型；使具有特点；描述，刻画(53)Confucianism/knfju:nzm/n.儒家，儒学，孔子学说(53)*Taoism/tazm;dazm/n.道教，道家(53)*legend/lednd/n.传说，传奇故事；传奇 人物(53)encounter/nkant(r)/vt.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇

565、，碰到 n.相遇，遭遇，冲突(53)*nourish/nr/vt.培养，助长；抚养，滋养(53)numerous/njumrs/adj.众多的，许多的(53)*glorious/lris/adj.荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的(53)*boom/bum/n.（贸易和经济活动的）激增，繁荣 vi.迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛(54)stability/stblti/n.稳定（性），稳固（性）(54)tolerant/tlrnt/adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐的(54)liberty/lbti/n.自由(54)*unconstrained/nknstrend/adj.不受约束的，自由的(54)vital

566、ity/vatlti/n.生命力，活力，热情(54)distinguish/dstw/vt.&vi.成为的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众(54)*exaggeration/zdren/n.夸张，夸大(54)*metaphor/metf(r)/n.暗喻，隐喻(54)representative/reprzenttv/adj.典型的，104有代表性的 n.典型人物，代表性人物；代表(54)frost/frst/n.霜；霜冻，严寒天气(54)cast/kst/vt.(cast,cast)投射；向投以（视线、笑容等）；投，抛；选派角色 n.全体演员；投，抛(54)owe/vt.欠（情）；欠（

567、债）(54)debt/det/n.人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务(54)*fascinate/fsnet/vt.&vi.深深吸引，迷住(54)entitle/ntatl/vt.(usually passive)给命名；使享有权利，使符合资格(54)blame/blem/vt.把归咎于，责怪，指责 n.责任，责备，指责(55)allowance/lans/n.津贴，补助；限额；零花钱(55)make allowance for 体谅；考虑到，估计到(55)*triumph/tramf/n.巨大成功，重大成就，伟大胜利 vi.打败，战胜，成功(55)*impostor/mpst(r)/n.冒

568、名顶替者，冒名行骗者(55)unforgiving/nfv/adj.棘手的；不饶人的，不宽容的(55)105106A abandon/bndn/vt.中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃(26)accompany/kmpni/vt.陪同，陪伴；伴随，与同时发生；为伴奏(23)adaptation/dpten/n.改编本，改写本；适应(19)adorable/drbl/adj.可爱的，讨人喜爱的(9)advocate/dvket/vt.拥护，支持，提倡/dvkt/n.拥护者，支持者；辩护律师(48)all of a sudden 突然，猛地(26)all walks of life 各行各业，社会各界

569、(39)allowance/lans/n.津贴，补助；限额；零花钱(55)make allowance for 体谅；考虑到，估计到(55)ambitious/mbs/adj.宏大的，艰巨的；有野心的，有雄心的(39)apart/pt/adv.成碎片；分开；相隔(13)fall apart 破碎，破裂；崩溃(13)apparent/prnt/adj.显而易见，明白易懂，显然(39)appetite/ptat/n.食欲，胃口；强烈欲望(12)appropriate/prprit/adj.合适的(12)arch/t/n.拱门；拱(19)architecture/ktekt(r)/n.建筑设计，建筑

570、风格；建筑学(35)arrange/rend/vt.&vi.整理，布置；安排，筹备(37)说明：本表收录各单元阅读文章和语篇练习中所包含的生词和短语，不收录指示语和讲解文字中所包含的生词和短语。带*的词条为普通高中英语课程标准(2017 年版 2020 年修订)规定之外的词汇。aside/sad/adv.到旁边，在旁边；留，存；除以外(45)set sth aside 把放一边；留出(45)association/ssien;sien/n.联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往(2)atmosphere/tmsf(r)/n.气氛，氛围；大气；气体；空气(7)*Austrian/strin/adj.

571、奥地利的，奥地利 人的(15)B bake/bek/vt.&vi.烘烤；烤硬(9)bakery/bekri/n.面包（糕饼）店(9)*barren/brn/adj.贫瘠的，不毛的；不结果实的(43)bathe/be/vt.以（光线）洒满，覆盖，使沐浴（在光线里）；用水清洗(34)bay/be/n.（海或湖的）湾(7)be down to 由引起（或造成）(40)belief/blif/n.看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心 (48)bend/bend/vi.&vt.(bent,bent)（使）拐弯，弯曲 n.拐弯，弯道(50)bet/bet/n.打赌，赌注；预计，估计 vi.&vt.(bet,bet

572、)下赌注，打赌；敢说(7)bitter/bt(r)/adj.味苦的；激烈的；令人难过的；严寒的(9)blame/blem/vt.把归咎于，责怪，指责 Wordlist 2(in alphabetical order)107 n.责任，责备，指责(55)blues/bluz/n.(the blues)布鲁斯音乐，蓝调；忧郁，悲伤 (17)boil/bl/vt.&vi.用沸水煮；（使）沸腾(6)bond/bnd/n.纽带，联系；连接，结合(3)*boom/bum/n.（贸易和经济活动的）激增，繁荣 vi.迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛(54)break with sth 与某事终止关联，破除(48)br

573、eath/bre/n.呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量，迹象(23)*breeze/briz/n.微风，和风(17)brilliant/brlint/adj.聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的(25)brushwork/brwk/n.（画家的）笔触，画法(31)buffet/bfe;bfe/n.自助餐(7)butcher/bt(r)/n.肉贩，屠夫(39)C cabbage/kbd/n.甘蓝，卷心菜(13)cage/ked/vt.把（动物）关在笼中 n.笼子(45)calling/kl/n.职业，事业；使命感(33)calorie/klri/n.卡，卡路里；千卡(5)campaign/

574、kmpen/n.（宣传）活动，运动；战役 vt.&vi.发起运动，参加活动(35)*Cantonese/kntniz/adj.广东人（或文化）的，粤语的 n.(pl.Cantonese)广东人；粤语(12)*canvas/knvs/n.画布，油画；帆布(31)career/kr(r)/n.经历，事业；生涯，职业(41)cast/kst/vt.(cast,cast)投射；向投以（视线、笑容等）；投，抛；选派角色 n.全体演员；投，抛(54)characterize/krktraz/(also characterise)vt.是的特征，以为典型；使具有特点；描述，刻画(53)cheese/tiz/

575、n.干酪，奶酪(9)chef/ef/n.主厨，厨师(12)*chilli/tli/(AmE chili)n.辣椒(11)chorus/krs/n.合唱曲；副歌；合唱团(26)civilian/svlin/n.平民，老百姓，庶民(39)claim/klem/n.声明，宣称；所有权；索赔 vt.宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得(50)clothing/kl/n.衣服，服装(40)clue/klu/n.线索，提示；迹象(45)combination/kmbnen/n.结合体，联合体；联合，混合(2)combine/kmban/vt.&vi.（使）融合；（使）结合，（使）混合；兼做；合并(16)commu

576、nist/kmjnst/adj.共产主义的 n.共产主义者(19)complex/kmpleks/adj.复杂的，难懂的 n.建筑群；复合体；情结(45)complicated/kmplketd/adj.复杂的，难懂的(23)compose/kmpz/vt.&vi.作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静(16)composer/kmpz(r)/n.作曲家，作曲者(15)comprehensive/kmprhensv/adj.全面的，详尽的；综合性的(40)concept/knsept/n.概念，观念(12)*concerto/kntet/n.协奏曲(15)Confucianism/knfju:nzm/n.儒

577、家，儒学，孔子学说(53)consist/knsst/of 由组成（或构成）(19)constantly/knstntli/adv.始终，一直(45)consume/knsjum/vt.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费（尤指燃料、能量或时间）(12)contradictory/kntrdktri/adj.相互矛盾的，对立的(45)cream/krim/n.奶油，乳脂；护肤霜(9)creamy/krimi/adj.含奶油的；像奶油的，光滑细腻的；淡黄色的(2)crisis/krass/n.(pl.crises/krasiz/)危机，危急关头；危难时刻，病危期(40)108 critic/krtk/n.批评

578、家，评论家；批评者，挑剔的人(40)crop/krp/n.庄稼，作物；收成，产量(39)cry out for 迫切需要(3)cycle/sakl/n.循环；自行车，摩托车 vi.骑自行车(5)D damp/dmp/adj.潮湿的，湿气重的(11)dare/de(r)/vi.&vt.敢于，胆敢；激（某人做某事）(53)debt/det/n.人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务(54)decade/deked;dked/n.十年，十年期(30)decline/dklan/n.衰退，衰落，减少，下降 vi.&vt.减少，下降，衰退，衰落；谢绝(40)defend/dfend/vt.&vi.保护，防

579、御；辩白，辩解(19)delicate/delkt/adj.精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的(12)depress/dpres/vt.使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气(25)deserve/dzv/vt.值得，应得(16)desperate/desprt/adj.绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的(26)dessert/dzt/n.（饭后）甜点，甜食(2)detect/dtekt/vt.发现，查明，侦察出(44)dig up 发现，搜集，查明(45)digest/dadest;ddest/vt.&vi.消化；领会，理解 /dadest/n.摘要，文摘(5)*dim sum/

580、dm sm/n.点心(12)dimension/damenn/n.方面，侧面；规模，程度；维(44)disc/dsk/(AmE disk)n.唱片；光碟，光盘；圆盘，圆片(23)display/dsple/vt.陈列，展出；显示，表现 n.陈列，展览；表现；展示(31)distant/dstnt/adj.遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的(21)distinguish/dstw/vt.&vi.成为的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众(54)district/dstrkt/n.区，行政区；地区，区域(49)*diverge/davd/vi.分叉，岔开；分歧，相异；偏离(50)do th

581、e trick 奏效，起作用，达到目的(2)dominate/dmnet/vt.&vi.在中具有最重要（或明显）的特色；支配，控制；占有优势；俯视(31)dramatic/drmtk/adj.激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的(16)*dweller/dwel(r)/n.居民，居住者(53)dynasty/dnsti/n.朝，代；王朝(11)E ease/iz/n.容易，轻易；舒适，安逸 vi.&vt.（使）宽慰，减轻(26)edge/ed/n.边，边缘；刀口(13)elderly/eldli/adj.年纪较大的，上了年纪的(9)emotion/mn/n.情感，强烈的感情，激情，情

582、绪 (3)emperor/empr(r)/n.皇帝(40)emphasis/emfss/n.(pl.emphases /emfsiz/)强调，重视；重读(12)employ/mpl/vt.运用，使用；雇用(31)encounter/nkant(r)/vt.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n.相遇，遭遇，冲突(53)enhance/nhns/vt.提高，增强(6)enormous/nms/adj.巨大的，庞大的(39)enthusiastic/njuzistk/adj.热情的，热心的(25)entitle/ntatl/vt.(usually passive)给命名；使享有权利，使符合资格(54

583、)era/r/n.时代，年代(48)essence/esns/n.本质，精髓；香精，精油(31)essential/senl/adj.必不可少的；本质的，基本的(12)109 estimate/estmet/vt.估计，估价 /estmt/n.估计；估计的成本(12)*exaggeration/zdren/n.夸张，夸大(54)exhibition/eksbn/n.展览，展出(40)expand/kspnd/vt.&vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展（业务）；详谈，详述(11)expectation/ekspekten/n.希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望(23)expose/kspz/vt.揭露

584、，揭穿；暴露，显露；使遭受；使接触(40)extraordinary/kstrdnri/adj.不寻常的，非凡的；意想不到的，令人惊奇的(25)F*fascinate/fsnet/vt.&vi.深深吸引，迷住(54)filling/fl/n.（糕点等的）馅(9)*finale/fnli/n.末乐章，终场，结局；结尾(26)flavour/flev(r)/(AmE flavor)n.味，味道；特点，特色 vt.给调味，加味于(2)flour/fla(r)/n.面粉(9)flow/fl/vi.流，流动；充满；涨起 n.流，流动；连贯；涨潮(20)foggy/fi/adj.有雾的，雾茫茫的(11)f

585、olk/fk/adj.民间的，民俗的 n.民间音乐；人们；各位；家人(17)for good measure 作为额外增添(17)forever/frev(r)/adv.永远；长久地；老是(16)frost/frst/n.霜；霜冻，严寒天气(54)frozen/frzn/adj.结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的(43)fry/fra/vt.&vi.油炸，油煎(6)G gallery/lri/n.展览馆，画廊；长廊，走廊；楼上旁听席(30)garlic/lk/n.蒜，大蒜(37)generate/denret/vt.产生，引起(5)genius/dinis/n.天赋，天资；天才(26)gently

586、/dentli/adv.轻柔地，温和地(2)get down to(doing)sth 开始做某事，开始认真注意（或对待）某事(21)gifted/ftd/adj.有才华的，有天赋的(25)*glorious/lris/adj.荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的(53)go about sth 忙于做某事，继续做某事(39)grab/rb/vt.&vi.吸引；抓住；赶紧，抓紧(23)gram/rm/n.克(13)grand/rnd/adj.宏大的，宏伟的；壮丽的，堂皇的(26)grasp/rsp/n.理解，领会；抓紧，握紧，控制；能力所及 vt.抓紧；领会，理解(44)*grave/rev/n.坟

587、墓；死亡，去世 adj.严重的；严肃的(16)greedily/ridli/adv.贪婪地，贪心地(2)greet/rit/vt.问候，欢迎，招呼(21)guarantee/rnti/vt.保证，担保；确保；为（产品）提供保修 n.保证，担保；保修单(17)H handkerchief/hktf;hktif/n.(pl.handkerchiefs or handkerchieves)手帕，纸巾(25)*heaven/hevn/n.极乐之地(17)hence/hens/adv.因此，由此(50)historic/hstrk/adj.历史上著名的；有史时期的(40)hit the spot 使人满

588、意，正合需要(12)I ideal/adil/n.理想；典范 adj.完美的，理想的(48)imply/mpla/vt.含有的意思，暗示，暗指(44)110*impostor/mpst(r)/n.冒名顶替者，冒名行骗者(55)impress/mpres/vt.&vi.使钦佩，给留下深刻印象；使意识到(7)in ones own right 凭自身的资格（或努力）(40)industrialization/ndstrilazen/n.工业化(48)*ingredient/nridint/n.材料，成分；因素，要素(9)*ink/k/n.墨水，墨汁(39)inner/n(r)/adj.内心的，隐藏

589、的；里面的，内部的(45)innovation/nven/n.创造，创新；新思想，新方法(12)insight/nsat/n.洞悉，了解；洞察力，领悟(39)inspection/nspekn/n.检查，查看，审视；视察(40)interpret/ntprt/vt.解释，阐释；把理解为，领会；演绎 vi.口译(45)*invader/nved(r)/n.武装入侵的军队（或国家），侵略者(19)J jazz/dz/n.爵士乐(19)L landscape/lndskep/n.乡村风景画；风景，景色(29)*lane/len/n.（乡间）小路；小巷；车道；跑道；航线(23)*layer/le(r)

590、;le(r)/n.层，表层；层次(9)*legend/lednd/n.传说，传奇故事；传奇 人物(53)liberation/lbren/n.解放，摆脱(31)liberty/lbti/n.自由(54)like-minded/lak mandd/adj.想法相同的，志趣相投的(31)link/lk/vt.联系，相关联；把连接起来 n.联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接(3)logical/ldkl/adj.符合逻辑的；必然的，合乎情理的(45)loose/lus/adj.不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的(11)let sth loose 释放；放任(11)lower/l(r)/vt.降

591、低，减少；把放低，使降下 adj.下面的；在底部的；低洼的(5)*lyric/lrk/n.歌词；抒情诗 adj.抒情的；吟唱的(17)M*metaphor/metf(r)/n.暗喻，隐喻(54)mild/mald/adj.不浓的，淡味的；暖和的；温和的；不严重的 (9)mist/mst/n.薄雾，水汽(47)mixture/mkst(r)/n.混合物；混合，结合(13)mood/mud/n.情绪，心情；气氛，氛围(2)mostly/mstli/adv.主要地，一般地(30)multiple/mltpl/adj.数量多的，多样的(11)mushroom/mrm/n.蘑菇(37)N native/

592、netv/n.出生于某国（或某地）的人；本地人 adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的；土产的(3)neighbourhood/nebhd/(AmE neighborhood)n.街区，城区；邻近的 地方(31)*nourish/nr/vt.培养，助长；抚养，滋养(53)novelist/nvlst/n.小说家(48)numerous/njumrs/adj.众多的，许多的(53)111O onion/njn/n.洋葱，葱头(11)spring onion 小葱，香葱(11)opposed/pzd/adj.截然不同的；强烈反对的(31)as opposed to（表示对比）而，相对于(31)*orch

593、estra/kstr/n.管弦乐队(26)out of this world 好（或美等）得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫(9)outstanding/atstnd/adj.优秀的，杰出的；突出的，明显的(40)overall/vrl/adj.全面的，综合的 adv.全部，总计；一般来说，大体上(40)overcome/vkm/vt.(overcame,overcome)受到的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜(16)overthrow/vr/vt.(overthrew,overthrown)推翻，打倒 /vr/n.推翻，打倒(40)owe/vt.欠（情）；欠（债）(54)P pan/pn/n.平锅，平底锅(6

594、)patience/pens/n.耐心，忍耐力(45)pepper/pep(r)/n.甜椒；胡椒粉(11)Sichuan pepper 花椒(11)perceive/psiv/vt.注意到，意识到；将理解为，将视为(45)*perspective/pspektv/n.透视法；态度，观点；客观判断力；景观，远景(39)*pixel/pksl/n.像素(34)plain/plen/adj.朴素的，简单的；清楚的 n.平原(11)pleasant/pleznt/adj.令人愉快的，可喜的；友好的，和善的(16)*Polish/pl/adj.波兰的，波兰人的，波兰 语的(15)political/pl

595、tkl/adj.政治的，政府的，政权的；政党的，党派的(40)pond/pnd/n.池塘，水池(31)*portrait/ptret/n.肖像，半身画像；详细的描述，描绘(29)possess/pzes/vt.具有（特质）；拥有；支配，控制(26)precise/prsas/adj.细致的，精细的；准确的，精确的；恰好的(39)prediction/prdkn/n.预言，预测(25)property/prpti/n.性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产(12)R rare/re(r)/adj.稀少的，罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的(40)raw/r/adj.未经加工的，自然状态的；生的，未烹制的(37)r

596、ealistic/rilstk;rlstk/adj.逼真的，栩栩如生的；现实的，实际的；明智的(31)reality/rilti/n.现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历(45)recording/rkd/n.录音，视频；录制；记录，记载(21)relieve/rliv/vt.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解(3)rely/rla/on 依赖，依靠；信任(17)remarkable/rmkbl/adj.非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的(25)remote/rmt/adj.偏远的，偏僻的；遥远的，久远的；远亲的(45)representative/reprzenttv/adj.典型的，有代表性的 n.典型人物

597、，代表性人物；代表(54)reputation/repjuten/n.名誉，名声(25)reward/rwd/vt.奖励，奖赏 n.奖励，回报；悬赏金(45)rhyme/ram/n.押韵词；押韵 vt.使押韵 vi.和同韵(44)*rhythm/rm/n.节奏，韵律，律动；规律(27)112 rigid/rdd/adj.死板的，僵硬的；固执的，僵化的(48)rural/rrl/adj.乡村的，农村的(17)S sail/sel/vi.&vt.（乘船）航行；起航；驾驶（船只）；飘，掠 n.帆；乘船航行(39)salty/slti/adj.咸的，含盐的(3)*sauce/ss/n.调味汁，酱(11

598、)saucer/ss(r)/n.碟状物，茶碟，茶托(3)*scale/skel/n.规模，范围；等级，级别；标度；比例(40)scenery/sinri/n.风景，景色；舞台布景(7)*scroll/skrl/n.长卷纸，卷轴(39)security/skjrti/n.安全；保护措施；保安部门；担保，保证(5)setting/set/n.环境，背景；情节背景(31)shade/ed/n.阴影部分；色度；阴凉处(34)*sigh/sa/n.&vi.叹气，叹息(50)slice/slas/n.薄片，片；部分，份额 vt.把切成片；切开，割破(11)solar/sl(r)/adj.太阳的；太阳能的(

599、21)soldier/sld(r)/n.军人，士兵(40)*solo/sl/n.独奏，独唱 adj.独自的；独唱的，独奏的(19)sorrow/sr/n.悲伤，悲痛；伤心事(16)sour/sa(r)/adj.酸的，有酸味的；馊的 vi.&vt.（使）变坏；变味，酸腐(3)*spacecraft/speskrft/n.(pl.spacecraft)航天（飞行）器，宇宙飞船(21)speak volumes about 充分说明，清楚表明(40)stability/stblti/n.稳定（性），稳固（性）(54)stare/ste(r)/vi.盯着看，凝视，注视 n.盯，凝视，注视(23)ste

600、ak/stek/n.牛排；肉排，肉块(6)steam/stim/vt.&vi.蒸；散发蒸汽 n.水蒸气；蒸汽动力；水汽(12)stimulate/stmjulet/vt.促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋(12)stream/strim/vi.&vt.鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动 n.小溪；（人）流，（车）流(25)strike/strak/vt.&vi.(struck,struck)突然想到；撞，碰；打；突击；罢工；划（火柴）n.罢工；袭击；击，打(31)striking/strak/adj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的(53)structure/strkt(r)/n.建筑物；结构，构造；精心组

601、织(40)suitable/sutbl;sjutbl/adj.合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的(21)surroundings/srandz/n.周围，环境(17)sweep/swip/vt.&vi.(swept,swept)席卷，横扫；打扫；吹走；清除 n.打扫，清扫(23)symphony/smfni/n.交响乐，交响曲(15)T*Taoism/tazm;dazm/n.道教，道家(53)tear apart 使（关系密切的人）分离，分开(16)temple/templ/n.庙宇，寺院(40)throw in 奉送，额外赠送(17)throw oneself into 投身于，热衷于(6)*t

602、iramisu/trmsu/n.提拉米苏(9)toast/tst/n.吐司，烤面包片；干杯，祝酒 vt.为干杯；烤；取暖(37)tolerant/tlrnt/adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐的(54)transform/trnsfm/vi.&vt.（使）变形，（使）改观，（使）转化(16)*tread/tred/vi.&vt.(trod,trodden)踩，踏；踩碎，践踏；行走，步行(50)*trill/trl/n.（鸟的）啼啭；颤音 vt.欢快地高声说 vi.发颤音(45)*triumph/tramf/n.巨大成功，重大成就，伟大胜利 113 vi.打败，战胜，成功(55)tune/tjun/n

603、.曲调，曲子 vt.调音；调频道；调整(17)U*unconstrained/nknstrend/adj.不受约束的，自由的(54)undergo/nd/vt.(underwent,undergone)经历，经受(48)unforgiving/nfv/adj.棘手的；不饶人的，不宽容的(55)unusual/njuul/adj.特别的，不寻常的；独特的，与众不同的(23)uplifting/plft/adj.令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的(26)upset/pset/adj.难过的，失望的/pset/vt.(upset,upset)使烦恼；搅乱；打翻(25)V variation/verien/n.变

604、奏，变奏曲；变化，变更；变体，变种(26)vary/veri/vi.（根据情况）变化，变更；相异，不同 vt.变更，改变(2)vast/vst/adj.大量的，辽阔的，巨大的(25)version/vn/n.变体，变种；说法；版本(9)*vinegar/vn(r)/n.醋(3)vision/vn/n.远见卓识；视力，视野；想象(31)vitality/vatlti/n.生命力，活力，热情(54)vivid/vvd/adj.鲜明的，耀眼的；生动的(31)volume/vljum/n.音量，响度；体积，容积，容量；量，额(23)W wage/wed/vt.开始，发动 n.（通常指按周领的）工资，工

605、钱(35)wander/wnd(r)/vi.&vt.闲逛，漫步；走失；走神；蜿蜒曲折(30)weep/wip/vi.&vt.(wept,wept)哭泣，流泪 (16)whisper/wsp(r)/vi.&vt.耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响 n.低语；轻柔的声音；传言(16)wind/wand/vi.&vt.(wound,wound)蜿蜒，迂回；上发条；缠绕(39)worthy/wi/adj.值得（或应得）的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的(31)wrapper/rp(r)/n.（食品等的）包装材料，包装纸(13)说明：本表收录教科书中出现的人名、国名、地名、节日名称等专有名词。本表按页码排序。Chen

606、 Shou 陈寿（三国及西晋时期史学家）(1)Kung Pao/k pa/Chicken 宫保鸡丁（菜名）(7)Sky Buffet 天空自助餐厅（虚拟餐厅名）(7)Tower 88 88 大厦（虚拟建筑物名）(7)Jake/dek/杰克（男子名）(8)Amy/emi/埃米（女子名）(9)the Yangtze/jtsi/River（中国）长江(11)Ratatouille/rttui/料理鼠王（电影名）(14)Remy/remi/里米（料理鼠王中的角色）(14)“What Happens in Your Brain 当你品尝食物时，你的大脑里在发生什么（演讲名）(14)When You Ta

607、ste Food”Camilla Arndal Andersen 卡米拉阿恩达尔安德森（丹麦神经科学家）(14)/kml ndl ndsn/Xian Xinghai 冼星海（中国音乐家）(15)Hua Yanjun 华彦钧（中国音乐家，又名“阿炳”）(15)Moonlight on the Second Spring 二泉映月（阿炳的作品）(15)Liu Tianhua 刘天华（中国音乐家）(15)Moon Night 月夜（刘天华的作品）(15)Birdsong over Empty Mountain 空山鸟语（刘天华的作品）(15)Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 沃尔夫冈阿

608、马迪尤斯莫扎特（奥地利作曲家）(15)/wlfg mdes mtst/Symphony No.41(the Jupiter /dupt(r)/Symphony)第四十一交响曲,又名朱庇特交响曲(莫扎特的作品)(15)Piano Concerto No.23 第二十三钢琴协奏曲（莫扎特的作品）(15)Frdric Franois Chopin/fred()rik 弗里德里克弗朗索瓦肖邦（波兰作曲家、钢琴家）(15)frnsw pn/the Minute Waltz/wls;wlts/一分钟圆舞曲（肖邦的作品）(15)Alice Duncan/ls dkn/艾丽斯邓肯（女子名）(16)Lucy B

609、ecker/lusi bek(r)/露西贝克尔（女子名）(16)Butterfly Lovers 梁祝（何占豪、陈钢的作品）(16)He Zhanhao 何占豪（中国作曲家）(16)Chen Gang 陈钢（中国作曲家）(16)114Wordlist 3(proper nouns)115Liang Shanbo 梁山伯（梁祝中的人物）(16)Zhu Yingtai 祝英台（梁祝中的人物）(16)Yue Opera 越剧(16)Stephen/stivn/斯蒂芬（男子名）(17)Harry/hri/哈里（男子名）(17)Nashville/nvl/纳什维尔（美国田纳西州首府）(17)John D

610、enver/dn denv(r)/约翰丹佛（美国歌手）(17)West Virginia/vdni/西弗吉尼亚州（美国州名）(17)Blue Ridge/rd/Mountains（美国）蓝岭山脉(17)the Shenandoah/ennd/River（美国）谢南多厄河(17)“Take Me Home,Country Roads”乡村路带我回家（约翰丹佛的歌曲）(17)the Yellow River Piano Concerto 黄河钢琴协奏曲（钢琴协奏曲名）(19)(the)Yellow River Cantata/kntt/黄河大合唱（由冼星海作曲的音乐作品）(19)the Commu

611、nist Party of China 中国共产党(19)“The Song of the Yellow River Boatmen”黄河船夫曲（黄河钢琴协奏曲的第一乐章）(19)“Ode/d/to the Yellow River”黄河颂（黄河钢琴协奏曲的第二乐章）(19)“The Yellow River in Anger”黄河愤（黄河钢琴协奏曲的第三乐章）(19)“Defend the Yellow River”保卫黄河（黄河钢琴协奏曲的第四乐章）(19)Spring and Autumn and Warring 春秋战国（中国历史时期）(20)/wr/StatesBoya 伯牙（春秋战

612、国时期楚国人）(20)Zhong Ziqi 钟子期（春秋战国时期楚国人）(20)High Mountains and Flowing Water 高山流水（古琴曲名）(20)the Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节(20)Voyager/vd(r)/1“旅行者一号”（美国发射的无人外太阳系空间探测器）(21)Voyager 2“旅行者二号”（美国发射的无人外太阳系空间探测器）(21)Carl Sagan/kl sen/卡尔萨根（美国天文学家、天体物理学家）(21)Guan Pinghu 管平湖（中国古琴演奏家、画家）(21)Flowing Water 流水（古琴曲名）(21)Ja

613、cky/dki/杰基（男子名）(22)Hot Hits and Super Sounds 热门歌曲和超级声音(虚拟广播节目名)(22)the Fab Four 超级四人组（披头士乐队的昵称）(23)the Beatles/bitlz/披头士乐队（英国摇滚乐队）(23)Paul McCartney/pl mktni/保罗麦卡特尼（披头士乐队成员）(23)“She Loves You”她爱你（披头士乐队的歌曲）(23)Ludwig van Beethoven 路德维希凡贝多芬（德国音乐家）(25)/ldv vn betv()n/Vienna/vien/维也纳（奥地利首都）(25)116Sympho

614、ny No.9 第九交响曲（贝多芬的作品）(25)“Try Everything”尝试一切（夏奇拉的歌曲）(27)Disney/dzni/迪士尼公司(27)Zootopia/zutp/疯狂动物城（电影名）(27)Shakira/kir/夏奇拉（哥伦比亚歌手）(27)Gazelle/zel/夏奇羊（疯狂动物城中的角色）(27)The Sound of Music 音乐之声（电影名）(28)Vie de Beethoven 贝多芬传（罗曼罗兰的作品）(28)Romain Rolland/rm rl/罗曼罗兰（法国作家）(28)Simonides of Ceos 凯奥斯岛的西摩尼得斯（古希腊诗人）(

615、29)/samndiz v sis/Paris/prs/巴黎（法国首都）(30)France/frns/法国(30)the Muse dOrsay/mjuze dze/（法国）奥赛博物馆(30)The Ballet Class 舞蹈课（埃德加德加的画作）(30)The Card Players 玩纸牌者（保罗塞尚的画作）(30)Claude Monet/kld mne/克劳德莫奈（法国画家）(30)Pierre-Auguste Renoir 皮埃尔奥古斯特雷诺阿（法国画家）(30)/pie(r)gjust renw(r)/Blue Water Lilies 蓝睡莲（莫奈的画作）(30)Danc

616、e at Le Moulin/mul/de la 煎饼磨坊的舞会（雷诺阿的画作）(31)Galette/let/Vincent van Gogh/vnsnt 文森特凡高（荷兰画家）(31)vn/Paul Gauguin/pl/保罗高更（法国画家）(31)Impressionism/mprenzm/印象派（西方绘画艺术流派）(31)Rembrandt/rembrnt/伦勃朗（荷兰画家）(33)the Louvre/luvr/Museum（法国）卢浮宫(33)the National Gallery （英国）国家美术馆(34)Amsterdam/mstdm/阿姆斯特丹（荷兰首都）(35)Rijks

617、museum/rksmuzem/（荷兰）国立博物馆(35)the Big Draw“大绘画”活动（荷兰国立博物馆发起的活动）(35)Lisa/lis/莉萨（女子名）(36)Jane Perkins/den pknz/简珀金斯（英国艺术家）(36)the Qingming Scroll 清明上河图（张择端的画作）(39)Zhang Zeduan 张择端（中国北宋画家）(39)Bianjing 汴京（北宋都城）(39)Kaifeng 开封（中国城市）(39)117the Palace Museum 故宫博物院(39)Xu Beihong 徐悲鸿（中国画家）(41)Yixing 宜兴（江苏省县级市）

618、(41)Portrait of Ms Jenny/deni/珍妮小姐画像（徐悲鸿的画作）(41)Six Galloping/lp/Horses 六骏图（徐悲鸿的画作）(41)The French Impressionists(18601900)法国印象派画家（18601900）（书名）(42)“Preface to The Book of Songs”毛诗序（中国古代诗歌理论研究文献）(43)“A Spring Morning”春晓（孟浩然的诗歌）(43)Meng Haoran 孟浩然（中国唐代诗人）(43)Xu Yuanchong 许渊冲（中国翻译家）(43)“Dreams”梦想（兰斯顿休斯

619、的诗歌）(43)Langston Hughes/lkstn hjuz/兰斯顿休斯（美国诗人、小说家）(43)“Sweet and Low”轻轻地，柔和地（丁尼生的诗歌）(44)Alfred Tennyson/lfrd tensn/阿尔弗雷德丁尼生（英国诗人）(44)“Caged Bird”笼中鸟（玛雅安吉洛的诗歌）(45)Maya Angelou/ma ndlu/玛雅安吉洛（美国作家、诗人）(45)“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy 雪夜林边小驻（弗罗斯特的诗歌）(45)Evening”Robert Frost/rbt frst/罗伯特弗罗斯特（美国诗人）(45)Rom

620、anticism/rmntszm/浪漫主义（文学艺术的思潮之一）(48)William Wordsworth 威廉华兹华斯（英国诗人）(48)/wljm wdzw/Samuel Taylor Coleridge/smjul 塞缪尔泰勒柯尔律治（英国诗人）(48)tel klrd/George Gordon Byron/dd gdn 乔治戈登拜伦（英国诗人）(48)barn/Percy Bysshe Shelley/psi b eli/珀西比希雪莱（英国诗人）(48)the Lake District （英国）湖区(49)Cambridge/kembrd/（英国）剑桥（大学）(49)Lyrica

621、l/lrkl/Ballads/bldz/抒情歌谣集（华兹华斯与柯尔律治的诗歌集）(49)“The Road Not Taken”未选择的路（弗罗斯特的诗歌）(50)(the)Pulitzer/pltz(r)/Prizes 普利策奖(51)Edward Thomas/edwd tms/爱德华托马斯（英国诗人）(51)Li Bai 李白（中国唐代诗人）(53)“A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple”夜宿山寺（李白的诗歌）(53)“Autumn Frost”秋浦歌（李白的诗歌）(54)Qu Yuan 屈原（中国战国时期诗人）(54)Ezra Pound/ezr pand

622、/埃兹拉庞德（美国诗人）(54)118Cathay/kei/华夏集（庞德的诗歌集）(54)“Leaving the White Emperor Town 早发白帝城（李白的诗歌）(54)at Dawn”“If”如果（吉卜林的诗歌）(55)Rudyard Kipling/rdjd kpl/拉迪亚德吉卜林（英国小说家、诗人）(55)Du Fu:Chinas Greatest Poet 杜甫：中国最伟大的诗人（纪录片名）(56)Du Fu 杜甫（中国唐代诗人）(56)119Irregular verbsBase form Simple past Past participleBase form Si

623、mple past Past participleeat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeed fed fedfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foundfly flew flownforecast forecast/forecast/forecasted forecastedforget forgot forgottenforgive forgave forgivenfreeze froze frozenget got gotgive gave givengo went gonegrow grew grownhang

624、 hung/hanged hung/hangedhave had hadhear heard heardhide hid hiddenhit hit hithold held heldhurt hurt hurtkeep kept keptknow knew knownlay laid laidlead led ledlearn learnt/learned learnt/learnedleave left leftlend lent lentlet let letarise arose arisenawake awoke awokenbe was/were beenbear bore bor

625、nebeat beat beatenbecome became becomebegin began begunbend bent bentbet bet betbite bit bittenbleed bled bledblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbring brought broughtbroadcast broadcast broadcast build built builtburn burnt/burned burnt/burnedbuy bought boughtcast cast castcatch caught caughtchoose ch

626、ose chosencome came comecost cost costcut cut cutdeal dealt dealtdig dug dugdo did donedraw drew drawndream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreameddrink drank drunkdrive drove driven120Base form Simple past Past participleBase form Simple past Past participlelie lied/lay lied/lainlight lit/lighted lit/lighted

627、lose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metmistake mistook mistakenmisunderstand misunderstood misunderstoodovercome overcame overcomepanic panicked panickedpay paid paidprove proved proved/provenput put putquit quit/quitted quit/quittedread read readride rode riddenring rang rungrise r

628、ose risenrun ran runsay said saidsee saw seenseek sought soughtsell sold soldsend sent sentset set setsew sewed sewn/sewedshake shook shakenshine shone shoneshoot shot shotshow showed shownshut shut shutsing sang sungsink sank sunksit sat satsleep slept sleptslide slid slidsmell smelt/smelled smelt/

629、smelledsow sowed sown/sowedspeak spoke spokenspeed sped/speeded sped/speededspell spelt/spelled spelt/spelledspend spent spentspread spread spreadspring sprang sprungstand stood stoodsteal stole stolenstick stuck stuckstrike struck struck/strickenstring strung strungsweep swept sweptswim swam swumsw

630、ing swung swungtake took takenteach taught taughttell told toldthink thought thoughtthrow threw thrownunderstand understood understoodupset upset upsetwake woke wokenwear wore wornweep wept weptwet wet/wetted wet/wettedwin won wonwind wound woundwithdraw withdrew withdrawnwrite wrote written普通高中教科书英

631、语是集体智慧的结晶，感谢所有参与教材设计和编写的人员，感谢使用教材的师生。特别鸣谢：牛津大学出版社（中国）有限公司戴思泉、张群、Johan Uusitalo 参与编辑、审读本册教材。周炜、陈红、唐承浩、胡月华、石小刚、季钰、沈竹、Leigh Smith 审读本册教材。Cricket Media 授权部分语篇在本册教材中使用。许渊冲授权春晓、早发白帝城和春夜喜雨英译在本册教材中使用。顾丹柯翻译夜宿山寺和秋浦歌。景秋萍为本册教材绘制部分插图。我们竭尽所能取得作品权利人的授权许可。如无意中侵犯作品权利人的权益，相关权利人可随时与我们联系。如果您在使用教材过程中有任何问题、意见、建议，欢迎与我们联系。教材邮箱：教材热线：02583658349,83672889通信地址：南京市湖南路 1 号 A 楼 译林出版社普通高中教科书英语编写组 210009普通高中教科书英语编写组2020 年 12 月后 记定价：9.74 元审批号：苏费核（2021 年）0067 号 举报电话：12315