1、UNIT 4SPACE EXPLORATION(满分：100分建议用时：90分钟)第一部分语言知识(15分)第一节单句语法填空(10分)1A plane crashed on the sea and all 269 people board the plane were killed.2Jack is the only student (have) a car of his own in our class.3Not only the students but also their teacher (like) collecting data about satellites.4He laun
2、ched the campaign (succeed)，as had been expected.5 (determine) to keep up with others，the girl is working hard.6Hand (signal) made by the policeman show the passersby which way they will return.7One by one，the applicants left the agency with (disappoint) looks on their faces.8Stress and tiredness of
3、ten result in a lack concentration.9At that time，mankind survived on a very (limit) diet.10We ran of the coal，and we had to burn wood to warm us.【答案】1.on2.to have3.likes4.successfully5Determined6.signals7.disappointed8of9.limited10.out第二节选词填空(5分)11Both sides have agreed to meet， arriving at a compro
4、mise.12Today，were going to the question of homeless people.13Good habits always high efficiency，while bad ones bring the opposite.14The captain refused to leave his sinking ship while there were others .15Can the human race expanding and growing the same way that it is now?【答案】11.in the hope of12.fo
5、cus on13.lead to14on board15.carry on第二部分阅读(30分)第一节阅读理解(20分)AKatherine Johnson, a brilliant mathematician at NASA, began working on the space program in the 1950s. Many of NASAs first missions were made possible by her amazing calculations(计算)As a child, she loved to count. Her father placed great i
6、mportance on education and insisted all four of his children go to college, working overtime to pay for it. Johnson said this atmosphere was important to her success. “I was always around people who were learning something. I liked to learn.” she said.Johnson graduated from high school at 14 and col
7、lege at 18.In 1953, Johnson started to work for NASA, doing the math that powered engineers work. Then, because of her outstanding talent, she was moved to work on rockets with an all-male flight research team. As for Johnson, her calculations contributed to many of NASAs most important projects. In
8、 1961, with the help of Johnsons work, Alan Shepherd became the first American to go into space. Johnson also lent her unbelievable talent to the success of the Apollo 13, which had trouble getting back to the Earth. She worked hard to calculate a safe path back to the Earth for the astronauts.Johns
9、on retired in 1986, but her huge contribution to the space program has only been reaching the public attention for the past few years. Part of that is because, as she is the first to admit, science is based on collaboration. “I never took any credit because we always worked as a team, it was never j
10、ust one person，” she said in a 2010 interview.Earlier this year, NASA named a new data center after her. She was also given a Silver Snoopy award, which recognizes “outstanding performance, contributing to flight safety and mission success.”()16.The author explains Johnsons help to NASA by .Acompari
11、ng differencesBproviding examplesCshowing numbersDgiving reasons()17.What does the underlined word “collaboration” in Paragraph 4 mean?AExperience.BResearch.CTeamwork.DTalent.()18.What can we infer from the passage about Johnson?AShe travelled to space with the Apollo.BShe lived a rich life when she
12、 was young.CShe has been widely-known since her retirement.DShe used to be the only lady in the research team.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了杰出的数学家凯瑟琳约翰逊为NASA所做的贡献。16B写作方法题。根据第三段中的“As for Johnson, her calculations contributed to many of NASAs most important projectswhich had trouble getting back to the Earth. Sh
13、e worked hard to calculate a safe path back to the Earth for the astronauts.”可知，作者列举了两个例子：1961年，在约翰逊的帮助下，艾伦谢泼德成为第一个进入太空的美国人；约翰逊还为阿波罗13号的成功贡献了她令人难以置信的天赋。通过这两个例子，作者说明了约翰逊为NASA做出了很大的贡献。故选B项。17C词义猜测题。根据后文“ I never took any credit because we always worked as a team, it was never just one person， she said
14、 in a 2010 interview.”可知，约翰逊在2010年的一次采访中说：“我从来没有获得过任何荣誉，因为我们一直是一个团队，从来不只是一个人。”可以看出，她很看重团队合作。由此推测她认为科学是建立在团队合作上的，故画线词collaboration意为“合作”。故选C项。18D推理判断题。根据第三段中“Then, because of her outstanding talent, she was moved to work on rockets with an all-male flight research team.”可知，由于她杰出的才能，她被调到一个全男性飞行研究团队的火箭
15、研究工作。由此可以得出她过去是那个研究团队唯一的女性。故选D项。BFrom now, if all goes well, a high-tech spacecraft will land in the South Pole of the moon. There, it will drill 66 feet down into the surface and collect samples of the mantle(地幔样本) to bring back to the earth.But before it leaves, it will have a two-part time capsul
16、e(时光胶囊): a public part, full of the Earths history, and a private part, full of digital memory boxes created by individuals. These memory boxes can hold digital filesrecords of family trees, videos or actual DNA in the form of human hair. Not everyone can have a digital memory box, though. The boxes
17、 are only delivered for the people who donate the money to the project.The project, called Lunar Mission One, has already raised more than half of its 600,000 goal since its launch just a few days ago. The founders thought that it would succeed because of the attraction of both exploring the moon su
18、rface and leaving a time capsule behind.The mission was a technical action, but it was also an emotional one, bringing the excitement of knowing that something humans built on the Earth reached somewhere else in space.Still, it does seem risky for a person to donate 60 to keep a digital memory box f
19、or a project that wont come true until 2024.What if the project never takes off? What if the technology isnt good enough? What if those digital memory boxes break on the moons surface? And how will anybody ever even know if that happens? Ian Crawford, a professor at Birkbeck College in London and sc
20、ientific advisor to the mission, says it is not necessary to worry about these. The plan to leave a time capsule on the moon isnt really about physically leaving something on the moonits more an opportunity to encourage peoples interest in space.()19.Who can have a digital memory box on the moon?AA
21、person who donated 60 to the project.BA person who has records of family trees.CA person who is in charge of the project.DA person who is interested in exploring the moon.()20.Why does it seem risky to donate 60 to keep a digital memory box?ABecause the spacecraft wont be sent on time.BBecause the t
22、echnology isnt good enough.CBecause the project wont come true until 2034.DBecause there are various possibilities in such a long time.()21.What can be concluded from the last sentence of the passage?AEverything about the project will be OK.BThe time capsule on the moon is not meaningful.CThe plan t
23、o leave a time capsule on the moon is scientific.DThe message of the project is to call peoples more attention to space.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了名为“月球一号使命”的太空项目一艘高科技航天器将携带一个由两部分组成的时间胶囊登陆月球南极。19A细节理解题。根据第二段中 “The boxes are only delivered for the people who donate the money to the project.”及第四段中 “Still, it d
24、oes seem risky for a person to donate 60 to keep a digital memory box for a project that wont come true until 2024.”可知，一个人捐赠60便可以在月球上留下一个数字储存盒。故选A项。20D推理判断题。根据第四段中的那些质疑的问题可知，捐赠60去保留数字存储盒有一定的风险，是因为在这么长的时间里会有各种各样的可能性。故选D项。21D推理判断题。根据本文最后一句 “The plan to leave a time capsule on the moon isnt really abou
25、t physically leaving something on the moonits more an opportunity to encourage peoples interest in space(把时间胶囊留在月球上的计划并不是真的要在月球上留下什么东西，它更多的是一个机会来鼓励人们对太空的兴趣)”可知，该项目的目的是呼吁人们更多地关注太空。故选D项。CA Russian spacecraft traveling to the International Space Station Thursday had to make an emergency landing when a
26、rocket engine failed to fire. It was the latest in a recent series of failures for the Russian space program, which is also used by the US. to carry its astronauts to the station.United States astronaut Nick Hague and Russian astronaut Alexei Ovchinin landed safely about 20 kilometers from Dzhezkazg
27、an in Kazakhstan. The city is about 450 kilometers from the Russias Baikonur space center, which Russia operates through an agreement with the Republic of Kazakhstan.Both the US. space agency NASA and Russias Roscosmos reported that the two were quickly recovered from the landing area by rescue crew
28、s. A spokesman for Russian President Vladimir Putin said, “Thank God，the crew is alive” after they had landed safely.About two minutes after launching, the three-stage Soyuz booster rocket(助推火箭)suffered an unspecified(不明确的)failure of its second stage. Russias TASS news agency said the capsule carryi
29、ng the two men separated from the troubled rocket safely. This caused the capsule to drop very sharply into the Earths atmosphere. Parachutes(降落伞)helped slow the returning capsule. Search and rescue teams were sent to recover the crew.Russias RIA news agency reported that Russia has immediately put
30、off all manned space launches after the failure. Roscosmos head Dmitry Rogozin said he had ordered a state commission to carry out an investigation into what went wrong. He said Russia will share all relevant information with the US.The TASS news agency said that the ISS crew has enough supplies and
31、 that the failed launch will not affect operations.The US. and other nations have depended on Russia to carry astronauts to the ISS since the retirement of the Space Shuttle program in 2011.In coming years, American aerospace companies SpaceX, with its Dragon 2, and Boeing, with its Starliner, are e
32、xpected to return to space.()22.What caused the failure of the launch?AThe problem of the engine.BThe terrible weather.CThe drop of the capsule.DThe wrong operation.()23.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?ASpaceX is sure to go back to space soon.BAmerica carried astronauts to the ISS by
33、itself before 2011.CNow only Russia can carry astronauts to space.Dthe ISS crew lives a very good life in the space station.()24.What can we learn about the launch?AThe capsule landed safely in Dzhezkazgan, Russia.BRussia had never failed in the space launch before this failure.CThe failed launch wi
34、ll have a serious effect on the operations.DAt first the capsule dropped very rapidly into the Earths atmosphere.()25.What can be the best title for the text?AThe rescue of two astronautsBThe launch of Russian spacecraftCCooperation between Russia and AmericaDEmergency landing in failed space launch
35、【语篇解读】本文是一则新闻，介绍了运送宇航员到国际空间站的一枚俄罗斯火箭由于发动机故障紧急降落，所幸无人死亡。22A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A Russian spacecraft traveling to the International Space Station Thursday had to make an emergency landing when a rocket engine failed to fire.”可知，发射失败的原因是发动机点火失败。故选A项。23B推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “The US. and other nations have depended o
36、n Russia to carry astronauts to the ISS since the retirement of the Space Shuttle program in 2011.”可知，自从2011年美国航天飞机退役，美国以及其他国家必须依靠俄罗斯火箭运送宇航员到国际空间站，故可以得知，2011年以前，美国利用自己的航天飞机运送宇航员。故选B项。24D推理判断题。根据第四段中 “This caused the capsule to drop very sharply into the Earths atmosphere. Parachutes(降落伞) helped slow
37、 the returning capsule.”可知，这次失败的发射导致太空舱迅速掉入地球大气层，降落伞减缓了太空舱的降落速度。故选D项。25D标题推测题。本文第一段第一句 “A Russian spacecraft traveling to the International Space Station Thursday had to make an emergency landing when a rocket engine failed to fire.”为主旨句，介绍了运送宇航员到国际空间站的一枚俄罗斯火箭由于发动机故障而紧急降落，故D项作为标题最符合文意。第二节七选五(10分)Gar
38、dening 380 kilometers above earthAstronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isnt a new idea.A
39、s space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. 26 Because of this, its not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. 27 Also, plants can hel
40、p to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraftthe only air the astronauts can breathe. 28 Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are
41、 needed to circulate(循环)the air. Without gravity, roots dont “know” to grow down, leaves dont “know” to grow up, and water doesnt easily travel up the roots to the leaves. 29 Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels(胶)are used to help plant growth.Scientists are also work
42、ing on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. 30 Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation c
43、osts. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the worlds population now at seven billion people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions.AEvery plant grown in space must have several uses.BHowever, there are challenge
44、s with growing plants in space.CSuch methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.DThe cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.ESpecialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.FAstronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetable
45、s to their diet of dry foods.GCurrently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在离地球380公里的高空，宇航员与植物分享他们的工作和生活空间。26D根据空后句 “Because of this, its not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.”可知，
46、正因为如此，把长途旅行所需要的只用一次就扔掉的东西都送出去是不现实的。D项(将任何物体送入太空的成本约为每公斤22,000美元)是后句的原因。下文中的this指代该项中的“The cost”。27F根据本段段首句 “Plants can serve many uses on a space journey.”可知，植物在空间旅行中有许多作用。空前句 “They can provide more fresh things(他们可以提供更多新鲜的东西)”和空后句 “Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produ
47、ce oxygen(此外，植物可以帮助改善空气质量，因为它们可以产生氧气)”均说明植物的具体作用。F项(宇航员将欢迎在他们的干粮中加入水果和蔬菜)切题。28B根据空后句 “Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants.”可知，由于太空中缺乏重力，植物产生的氧气停留在植物周围。B项(然而，在太空种植植物也面临着挑战)切题。29E根据空前句可知，没有重力，根就“不知道”该往下长，叶子就“不知道”该往上长，水也不容易从根往上注入到叶子上。根据空后句可知，土
48、壤太重，不能送到太空，特殊的液体凝胶被用来帮助植物生长。故E项“Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly(目前正在开发专门的容器来帮助植物正确生长)”承接上下文。30C根据空前句可知，他们试图使植物生长得更快，在空间中以更少的水和光生长，他们正在寻找方法使植物更能抵抗疾病。故C项(这些方法可能会改善地球)承接上文。该项中的methods与上文中的ways相吻合。第三部分完形填空(15分)My son Daniels passion(激情) for surfing began at t
49、he age of 13.Before and after school each day he went surfing with his 31 . Daniels love of the sport was 32 one afternoon.The lifeguard 33 over the phone to my husband Mike that my son had been injured by the point of the board.Mike 34 him to the emergency room and Daniel received 26 stitches from
50、the corner of his eye to the bridge of his nose.I was flying home from a speaking engagement while Daniels eye was being stitched.Mike drove 35 to the airport after they left the doctors office. He 36 me at the gate and told me Daniel was waiting in the car.I ran to the car so 37 that the heel of my
51、 shoe broke off. I swung open the door, and Daniel was leaning forward with both arms 38 toward me crying, “Oh, Ma, Im so glad youre home.”I sobbed in his arms，telling him how 39 I felt about not being there when the lifeguard called.“Its okay, Mom，” he 40 me. “Ill be fine. The doctor says I can go
52、back in the water in eight days.”“What？” I asked.I told him he wasnt 41 to go near water again until he was 35.For the next seven days he kept 42 me to let him go back on the board.One day after I repeated “No” to him, he beat me at my own game.“Mom, you 43 us never to give up what we love.”I 44 .Ba
53、ck then Daniel was just a boy who was enthusiastic about surfing. Now hes a man with responsibility. He has a(n) 45 among the top 25 professional surfers in the world.I was tested in my own backyard on an important principle that I taught audiences in distant cities: “Passionate people embrace(拥抱)wh
54、at they love and never give up.”()31.AcompetitorsBcolleaguesCparentsDcompanions()32.AresearchedBimprovedCtestedDmanaged()33.AreportedBdemandedCrequiredDconducted()34.AdraggedBwalkedCrushedDfetched()35.AdirectlyBsteadilyCcautiouslyDsecretly()36.AacceptedBgreetedCblamedDdismissed()37.AnaturallyBhappil
55、yCfastDheavily()38.Asettled downBreached outCfastened upDsought out()39.AnormalBrelaxedCcalmDawful()40.AcomfortedBdiscouragedChurtDprotected()41.AforcedBchargedClimitedDallowed()42.AscoldingBconsultingCpressingDinstructing()43.AtaughtBwarnedCremindedDpersuaded()44.Atook upBgave inCcame outDinsisted
56、on()45.AsituationBpositionCimpressionDpresentation【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者儿子对冲浪十分热爱，但不小心受伤，作者不允许儿子再继续冲浪，但儿子劝说了作者继续自己热爱的运动，最终在世界比赛中拥有了自己的一席之地。31D根据 “before and after school”可知，儿子还在读书，因此和他去冲浪的只能是他的同学、朋友等伙伴(companions)。competitors竞争者；colleagues同事；parents父母。32C根据第二段内容可知，丹尼尔在一次运动过程中受伤，很有可能会影响到他对运动的喜爱和热情，故他对于
57、运动的热爱受到了考验(tested)。 researched研究； improved提高； managed经营。33A救生员在手机上向“我的”丈夫迈克报告(reported)说“我”的儿子被计分板伤到了。作者的丈夫不在现场，因此在作者儿子受伤的时候，救生员只能通过手机与作者的丈夫报告。demanded要求，命令；required要求；conducted实施，执行。34C儿子受伤之后，迈克十分紧张儿子的情况，因此非常快速地冲去(rushed)急救室。dragged 拖，拉；walked行走；fetched取回。35A第二段提到迈克很快赶到急救室，“我”则是在乘飞机回家的路上，迈克要接“我”回家，
58、因此直接(directly)去了机场。steadily稳定地； cautiously小心地，谨慎地；secretly秘密地。36B迈克开车到机场接作者，并在门口迎接(greeted) “我”。accepted接受；blamed责备；dismissed开除。37C根据 “the heel of my shoe broke off”可知， “我”快速地跑向车，跑得太快了(fast)以至于 “我的”鞋跟都坏掉了。 naturally自然地；happily快乐地；heavily重地，沉重地。38B丹尼尔伸出手(reached out)往前靠向 “我”，哭着说：“妈妈，你回来我真的太开心了。”根据第五段
59、 “I sobbed in his arms”可知， “我”在儿子的臂弯里抽泣，说明二人是一个拥抱的姿势。settled down定居下来； fastened up关牢，系紧；sought out找出。39D丹尼尔受伤时伤口缝了26针，作为母亲对于孩子受伤是非常难过的(awful)，而且在孩子受伤时不在身边会感到更加难过。normal正常的；relaxed放松的，轻松的；calm平静的。40A前文中提到丹尼尔的伤口缝了26针，但丹尼尔却对 “我”说他没事，说明丹尼尔是在安慰(comforted)“我”。discouraged使沮丧，使灰心；hurt伤害；protected保护。41D根据前面的
60、“I can go back in the water in eight days.”可知，丹尼尔想在伤好后继续进行运动，“我”表示非常震惊，担心丹尼尔的安全，因此不允许(allowed)他再去水边。 forced强迫； charged要价，指控，充电；limited限制。42C丹尼尔想在伤好后就去冲浪，但“我”一直不同意，丹尼尔只好每天缠着“我”迫使(pressing)“我”同意。scolding责骂；consulting咨询； instructing指示。43A句意：“妈妈，你教(taught)我们永远不要放弃热爱的东西。” warned警告；reminded提醒；persuaded劝说。
61、44B根据 “he beat me at my own game”可知，丹尼尔的话让“我”哑口无言，因此做出了让步(gave in)。 took up占据；came out出来，出版，开花； insisted on坚持。45B句意：现在他在世界前25名的冲浪选手中有着自己的一席之地(position)。根据 “Now hes a man with hes responsibility.”可知，现在的丹尼尔是个有责任感的人。丹尼尔也用自己的实际行动证明了当初的那句话“永远不要放弃自己热爱的东西”，现在的他在世界冲浪选手中有了自己的位置。 situation形势；情况；impression印象；p
62、resentation陈述，说明。第四部分语法填空(15分)Sports should help a man to learn fairness，not only in games but also in life.If two teams play 46. game，one team must lose.If a dozen 47. (team) attend an athletic competition，one team will get the most points and all the 48. eleven teams will get fewer points.If a sch
63、ool team comes out last，that is no loss of face.49 that team and that school must do is to admit that it 50. (lose)The only intelligent reaction 51. defeat must be：next year we will do our best to come out on top，because from now on we will devote 52. (our) to a stricter course of training under com
64、petent instructors.Lessons 53. (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.But even more 54. (value) are the lessons learned in extra-curricular activities in school：in speech，dramatic and musical contests，in “house” activities，and,55. (especial)，in the student council.【语篇解读】体育运动可
65、以帮助人们学会公平，努力提升自己，更重要的是体育能帮助人们正确处理人际关系。46a考查冠词。泛指一场比赛且game是以辅音音素开头，用a。47teams考查名词的单复数。a dozen表示十二个，用复数形式teams。48other考查形容词。the other eleven“剩下的十一个”，用other。49What考查名词性从句的引导词。此处所填单词引导主语从句且在从句中作动词do的宾语，指代物，因此填What。50has lost考查动词的时态。这个学校的比赛队伍已经输了，是现在完成时，用has lost。51to考查介词。reaction to .“对的反应”，用to。52oursel
66、ves考查固定搭配。devote oneself to sth./doing sth.全身心地投入到某事中去，用ourselves。53learnt/learned考查非谓语动词。本句中已出现谓语“can help”，因此空格处应用非谓语形式。因为其逻辑主语lessons与learn之间存在动宾关系，故填learned/learnt表被动，作lessons的后置定语。54valuable考查形容词。此处表示“更有价值的是”。此句式是倒装句，valuable修饰lessons。55especially考查副词。由句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语，故填especially。第五部分写作(25分)第
67、一节单词拼写(5题，共5分)56There is some confusion about what the right (程序) should be.57Yang Liwei is the first Chinese (宇航员) to be sent up into space.58It is illegal to cross the (边境)without permission.59Take part in physical activities and (定期的) exercises.60Young children have a (有限的) attention span and can
68、t concentrate on one activity for very long.【答案】56.procedure57.astronaut58.frontier59regular60.limited第二节书面表达(20分)假设你是李华，周末计划带交换生Martin到当地儿童福利院(Welfare Center for Children)看望儿童。请你给Martin写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1周六上午八点校门口集合，骑共享单车(shared bikes)前往；2简单介绍在福利院的活动内容；3建议准备一份小礼物。注意：1词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；2可以适当增加细节，以使行
69、文连贯。Dear Martin，_Yours，Li HuaOne possible version：Dear Martin，I am writing to invite you to visit the welfare center for children this weekend with me.I plan to visit it this Saturday morning so lets meet at 8 am. at the school gate, and then well go to our destination by riding shared bikes. In the
70、 center, we are supposed to play with the children, telling stories to them. You are good at singing, so they will surely like your English songs. By the way, we can prepare some small gifts for the children. There is no doubt that they will have a wonderful time.Looking forward to seeing you.Yours， Li Hua
