1、20152011年各省市高考题考点一主旨大意与写作意图题Passage 1(2015新课标全国)话题：房间与身材词数：316Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some way
2、s to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less selfconscious(难为情)when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesnt have enough window
3、 light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold
4、colors make us feel less hungry.So when its time to repaint，go blue.Dont forget the clockor the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.An
5、d while youre at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12inch plate instead of a 10inch pl
6、ate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny glass.【语篇导读】这是一篇科普说明文。短文主要说明了人的食量与房子粉刷的颜色、灯光的明暗等有着密切的关系。它们对人的身材会产生一定的影响。1.The text is especially helpful for those who care a
7、bout .A.their home comfortsB.their body shapeC.house buyingD.healthy diets解析推理判断题。短文主要说明了饮食与室内光线、墙壁的颜色、餐具的尺寸及进餐的速度等有着密切的关系。显然这对于那些注重体型的人是有所帮助的。故答案为B。答案B2.A home environment in blue can help people .A.digest food betterB.reduce food intakeC.burn more caloriesD.regain their appetites解析事实细节题。根据第三段“.peo
8、ple who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.”可知，蓝色的用餐环境有助于减少食物摄入量。因此B项正确。答案B3.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A.Eat quickly.B.Play fast music.C.Use smaller spoons.D.Turn down the lights.解析事实细节题。由第四段第二句可知，进餐快的人比进餐慢的人每顿饭多消耗70卡路里的热量。由此可知A项错误。由
9、第四段倒数第二句中的“turn on relaxing music”可知B项不对。而由第二段首句中的“turn up the lights”可知D项也是错误的。根据最后一段“when we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake jumps by 14 percent.”也可直接推知答案为C。答案C4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Is Your House Making You Fat?B.Ways of Serving DinnerC.Effects of SelfC
10、onsciousnessD.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?解析标题归纳题。短文首句即为主题句：房子可能影响住户的身材。接下来从房子的颜色、室内灯光等方面说明了对饮食的影响。用A项作标题，既能总括全文，又能吸引读者。答案APassage 2(2015安徽)话题：家庭团结词数：304When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结). To show this, she held up one chopstick
11、, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.Helene An and her family own
12、 a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didnt have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Dannys mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene an
13、d Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.Eventually the girls all graduated from college
14、 and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter E
15、lisabeth explains, “Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business.”Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans corpor
16、ation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.【语篇导读】文章通过讲述家庭企业的发展历程来强调家庭团结的重要性。介绍了Helene An和她的丈夫离开越南时，他们并不富有。Helene An以筷子为例教育孩子在家庭及事业中要团结起来，只要有梦想，一定会成功。1.Helene tied several chopstic
17、ks together to show .A.the strength of family unityB.the difficulty of growing upC.the advantage of chopsticksD.the best way of giving a lesson解析句意：海琳把几支筷子绑在一起来显示家庭团结的力量。考查细节理解。由第一段Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity与B项意思相近。答案A2.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An famil
18、y .A.started a business in 1975B.left Vietnam without much moneyC.bought a restaurant in San FranciscoD.opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles解析考查细节理解。由they didnt have much money与B项意思相近。答案B3.What can we infer about the An daughters?A.They did not finish their college education.B.They could not bear t
19、o work in the family business.C.They were influenced by what Helene taught them.D.They were troubled by disagreement among family members.解析考查推理判断。由第三段Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity可知。答案C4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.How to Run a Corporatio
20、nB.Strength Comes from PeaceC.How to Achieve a Big DreamD.Family Unity Builds Success解析考查主旨大意。由文章最后一段可知文章主要讲的是家庭团结对取得成功的重要性。文章没有讲怎样经营一家大型公司，也没有提到怎样实现伟大梦想。答案DPassage 3(2015安徽)话题：互联网与记忆词数：288As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remembering less? If y
21、ou know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know how the Intern
22、et is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the in
23、formation better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the computer. The information was in a specific computer fol
24、der (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remembered the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)”According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with p
25、oor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesnt mean we are becoming either more or less intelli
26、gent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.【语篇导读】该篇介绍了专家们通过实验了解了互联网是如何改变我们记忆内容以及方式的，但这并不意味着我们是否能变得聪明，但毫无疑问的是，我们记忆的方式正在改变。1.The passage begins with two questions to .A.introduce the main topicB.show the authors altitudeC.describe how to use the Internet. D.explain how to store
27、 information解析考查写作意图。由第一段可知作者使用两个问题是为了引出要讨论的话题。答案A2.What can we learn about the first experiment?A.The Sparrows team typed the information into a computer. B.The two groups remembered the information equally well.C.The first group did not try to remember the information. D.The second group did not u
28、nderstand the information.解析考查细节理解。由第二段so they did not try to remember it可知。答案C3.In transactive memory, people .A.keep the information in mindB.change the quantity of information C.organize information like a computerD.remember how to find the information解析考查细节理解。由第三段Rather, they remember how to fin
29、d it可知在交互记忆里，人们记得如何找到信息。答案D4.What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrows research? A.We are using memory differently.B.We are becoming more intelligent.C.We have poorer memories than before.D.We need a better way to access information.解析考查推理判断。由第四段but there is no doubt that the way we u
30、se memory is changing可知。答案APassage 4(2015四川)话题：金字塔词数：436No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo.But a new study suggests they used a little rocknroll.Longago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled then across the sand, the scientists say.“Te
31、chnically, I think what theyre proposing is possible，” physicist Daniel Bonn said.People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.And theres no obvious answer.On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck.The Egyptians somehow move
32、d the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板).Then they would have dragged them along paths.To make the work easier, w
33、orkers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.Evidence from the sand supports this idea.Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and th
34、e remains of paths.However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study .West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought, Why dont they just try rolling the things？ ” A
35、square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized.That, he notes, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”.So he tried it.He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30kilogram stone block.That action tur
36、ned the block into somewhat a wheel.Then they placed the block on the ground.They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled.The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths.They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving
37、it along a slippery(滑的)path.West hasnt tested his idea on larger blocks，but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding.At least，workers wouldnt have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.【语篇导读】本文主要讲述的是关于金字塔的建造，不同的专家有着不同的见解。这篇文章主要讲述了两种看法。1.Its widely believed that the stone
38、 blocks were moved to the pyramid site by .A.rolling them on roadsB.pushing them over the sandC.sliding them on smooth pathsD.dragging them on some poles解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段的 The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths，可知选择C。答案C2.The underlined part “lubricated the p
39、aths” in Paragraph 4 means .A.made the paths wetB.made the paths hardC.made the paths wideD.made the paths slippery解析词义猜测题。根据第四段的To make the work easier以及下文的either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle可知，这样做是为了让路更加平滑，故选择D。答案D3.What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 7 refer to?A.Rolling t
40、he blocks with poles attached.B.Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.C.Rolling poles to move the blocks.D.Rolling the blocks with fat.解析代词指代题。由于是指代词，可知内容应该在上文，根据第六段的内容可知工人把木料绑在石块上，然后滚动石块。答案A4.Why is rolling better than sliding according to West?A.Because more force is needed for sliding.B.Because rol
41、ling work can be done by fewer cattle.C.Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.D.Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 workers wouldnt have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.可知，滚动石块不需要有准备工作，故选择D。答案D5.What is the text mainly about?A
42、.An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.B.An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.C.An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.D.An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.解析主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主
43、要讲述了一种新的把石块移动到金字塔地址的方法，故选择D。答案DPassage 5(2015天津)话题：社会机器人词数：309Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scient
44、ist at the robot company Jibo.While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.The Jibo r
45、obot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant.You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks.The robot doesnt just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in
46、 the household.It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.Social robots are not just finding their way into the home.They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of t
47、hese spaces.Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market.The companys “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the products location in the store.It can also speak different languages and make recommen
48、dations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns.But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees.“We have technologies to train social robots to do
49、 things not for us, but with us，” said Breazeal.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是社交机器人未来的发展情况。无论是在家里或工作场所，社交机器人将在未来的几年中变得更为常见。1.How are social robots different from household robots?A.They can control their emotions.B.They are more like humans.C.They do the normal housework.D.They respond to users more slowly.解
50、析细节理解题。根据第一段中的Social robots are.in a more humanized way.和第二段内容可知，社交机器人更人性化。答案B2.What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?A.Communicate with you and perform operations.B.Answer your questions and make requests.C.Take your family pictures and deliver milk.D.Obey your orders and remind you to
51、take pills.解析细节判断题。根据第三段最后一句话可知，Jibo机器人服从命令，并能提醒你按时吃药。答案D3.What can Oshbot work as?A.A language teacher. B.A tour guide.C.A shop assistant. D.A private nurse.解析细节判断题。根据倒数第二段中The companys “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store可知，Oshbot机器人可以作为店员帮助顾客查找需要的东西。答案C4.We can learn from the la
52、st paragraph that social robots will .A.train employees B.be our workmatesC.improve technologies D.take the place of workers解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Oshbot, like other social robots.but to work alongside other employees.可知，社交机器人将会成为我们的同事，和我们一起工作。答案B5.What does the passage mainly present?A.A new design idea o
53、f household robots.B.Marketing strategies for social robots.C.Information on household robots.D.An introduction to social robots.解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是社交机器人。故答案为D。答案DPassage 6(2015陕西)话题：咖啡树种植词数：307The production of coffee beans is a huge，profitable business，but，unfortunately，fullsun production is t
54、aking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shadegrown production to fullsun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds，and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance.On a local level，the damage of the forest required b
55、y fullsun fields affects the areas birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species (物种)that depend on the trees flowers and fruits.Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result，many species are quickly dying out.On a more global level，the des
56、truction of the rainforest for fullsun coffee fields also threatens (威胁) human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests plant and animal life，and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition，new coffeegrowing techniques are
57、 poisoning the water locally，and eventually the worlds groundwater.Both locally and globally，the continued spread of fullsun coffee plantations (种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the worlds climate，and studies show
58、 that the loss of oxygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover，the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic (酸性的) soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life，from the local environment to the global ecology.But c
59、onsumers do have a choice.They can purchase shadegrown coffee whenever possible，although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.【语篇导读】咖啡豆的生产和咖啡树的种植给人类带来了意想不到的结果。因为咖啡树生长需要充足的阳光，人类不仅破坏了遮荫的森林，还破坏了生态平衡，进而威胁人类的健康。1.What can we l
60、earn about fullsun coffee production from Paragraph 4?A.It limits the spread of new growing techniques.B.It leads to air pollution and global warming.C.It slows down the loss of shade trees.D.It improves local soil conditions.解析细节事实题。根据第四段的第二句可知：靠阳光生长的咖啡树的大量种植导致了遮荫树的减少，这已经引起了世界气候的变化，研究表明这些能释放氧气的树的减少
61、也导致了空气污染和全球变暖。对应B项。A项错在limit一词上；C项错在slow down上；D项错在improve一词上，不是改善了土壤，而是使变成了酸性土壤。答案B2.The purpose of the text is to .A.entertain B.advertise C.instruct D.persuade解析作者意图题。根据文章的描述，特别是最后一段话，咖啡树的大量种植不仅给当地环境，而且给全球生态都带来了影响。所以对于消费者来说，他们可以有不同的选择，他们可以选择购买在树荫下成长起来的咖啡，虽然价格会昂贵一点，但是和人类和全球的健康相比，那也是值得的。作者的目的是劝说人们不
62、要为了咖啡破坏生态平衡。答案D3.Where does this text probably come from?A.An agricultural magazine.B.A medical journal.C.An engineering textbook.D.A tourist guide.解析文章出处题。本题可以使用排除法，和咖啡种植有关的一定是agriculture农业一词，而不是medical，engineering，tourist等。答案A4.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?解析文章结构题。全
63、文是以总分总的结构进行叙述的。第一段提出问题(最后一句)，第二、三、四段分别针对咖啡树的种植对当地、全球、整个生态平衡的影响做了描述，最后一段总结，提出解决问题的办法。答案APassage 7(2014山东) 话题：Elizabeth为自由而战 词数：289Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves.At the age of six months she was acquired，along with her sister，by John Ashley，a wealthy
64、Massachusetts slaveholder.She became known as“Mumbet”or“Mum Bett.”For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family.One day，Ashleys wife tried to strike Mumbets sister with a spade.Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead.Furious，she left the house and refused to come back.When the As
65、hleys tried to make her return，Mumbet consulted a lawyer，Theodore Sedgewick.With his help，Mumbet sued(起诉) for her freedom.While serving the Ashleys，Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution.If the constitution said that all people were free and equal，then she thou
66、ght it should apply to her.Eventually，Mumbet won her freedomthe first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.Strangely enough，after the trial，the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee.She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick.Mumbet died
67、 in 1829，but her legacy lived on in her many descendants(后裔).One of her greatgrandchildren was W.E.B.Du Bois，one of the founders of the NAACP，and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights.Mumbets tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried.I
68、t reads，in part：“She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years.She could neither read nor write，yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.” 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，论述了黑人奴隶Elizabeth Freeman为争取自由而与生命抗争的故事。1.What do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1?A.She was born a slav
69、e.B.She was a slaveholder.C.She had a famous sister.D.She was born into a rich family.解析事实细节题。根据第一段，她出生在一个奴隶家庭，根据历史背景知识，故选A项。答案A2.Why did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys?A.She found an employer.B.She wanted to be a lawyer.C.She was hit and got angry. D.She had to take care of her sister.解析推理判断题。根据第
70、二段可知，Mumbet保护她的姐姐，代为受罚，愤然离开，拒绝回来，后咨询律师，可知答案。答案C3.What did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new constitution?A.She should always obey her owners orders.B.She should be as free and equal as whites.C.How to be a good servant. D.How to apply for a job.解析推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话，她认为自由平等也“适用”于她，故选B项。答案B4.Wh
71、at did Mumbet do after the trial?A.She chose to work for a lawyer.B.She founded the NAACP.C.She continued to serve the Ashleys. D.She went to live with her grandchildren.解析事实细节题。根据第四段“She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick.”故选A项。答案A5.What is the text mainly about?A.A story of a famous w
72、riter and spokesperson.B.The friendship between a lawyer and a slave.C.The life of a brave African American woman.D.A trial that shocked the whole world.解析主旨大意题。根据全文大意，讲述的是一位黑人奴隶勇敢的故事，故选C项。答案CPassage 8(2014重庆)话题：我与室友Kate词数：298I was never very neat，while my roommate Kate was extremely organized.Each
73、of her objects had its place，but mine always hid somewhere.She even labeled (贴标签)everything.I always looked for everything.Over time，Kate got neater and I got messier.She would push my dirty clothing over，and I would lay my books on her tidy desk.We both got tired of each other.War broke out one eve
74、ning.Kate came into the room.Soon，I heard her screaming，“Take your shoes away！Why under my bed！”Deafened，I saw my shoes flying at me.I jumped to my feet and started yelling.She yelled back louder.The room was filled with anger.We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone cal
75、l.Kate answered it.From her end of the conversation，I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill.When she hung up，she quickly crawled (爬)under her covers，sobbing.Obviously，that was something she should not go through alone.All of a sudden，a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.Slowl
76、y，I collected the pencils，took back the books，made my bed，cleaned the socks and swept the floor，even on her side.I got so into my work that I even didnt notice Kate had sat up.She was watching，her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief.Then，she reached out her hands to grasp mine.I looked u
77、p into her eyes.She smiled at me，“Thanks.”Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year.We didnt always agree，but we learned the key to living together：giving in，cleaning up and holding on.【语篇导读】“我”是一个不拘小节的人，宿舍经常被弄得一团糟，而“我”的室友Kate却生活条理，喜欢整洁，终于，我们由于各自不同的生活习惯产生争吵，幸亏一个电话终止了我们的争吵：Kate的奶奶去世了，Kate陷
78、入悲痛，“我”表现出了对她的关切和照顾，我们重归于好。我也学会了如何与室友相处。1.What made Kate so angry one evening?A.She couldnt find her books.B.She heard the author shouting loud.C.She got the news that her grandma was ill.D.She saw the authors shoes beneath her bed.解析细节理解题。根据文章第二自然段第三句话可知。答案D2.The author tidied up the room most prob
79、ably because .A.she was scared by Kates angerB.she hated herself for being so messyC.she wanted to show her careD.she was asked by Kate to do so解析细节推断题。上文提到“我”看到Kate伤心，心中升起一股温暖的同情感，下文就写到我整理房间，可以推知“我”想表达对她的关切和安慰。故选C。答案C3.How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?A.By analyzing causes.B.By showing differenc
80、es.C.By describing a process.D.By following time order.解析推理判断题。第一段通过对比“我”与室友的不同为下文产生矛盾做好铺垫，故选B。答案B4.What might be the best title for the story?A.My Friend KateB.Hard Work Pays OffC.How to Be OrganizedD.Learning to Be Roommates解析主旨大意题。文章通过记叙自身经历使自己学会了如何和室友相处，最后一自然段结尾点明“我”学得的共处经验，是文章的中心句，故选D。答案DPassag
81、e 9(2014重庆)话题：肥胖与锻炼词数：304There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.Some people believe that they cant help putting on weight as they get older，while others hold that if they stop exercising，their muscles will turn into fat.Here are some more
82、 myths：Ill never lose weightI come from a fat familyWrong！While we cant change the body type we are born with，we cant blame our genes for making us fat.Theres plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families，and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too
83、 little.I am fat because I burn calories slowlyWrong！Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢).In fact，although fat people consume more energy than slim people，they also fail to realize how much they eat！Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.Exercise is
84、boringWrong！Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and varied program thats fun as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk，take a different route.If you do yoga，try a tai chi class.If you like swimming，set yourself a distance or time challenge.N
85、o pain，no gainWrong！Exercise is not meant to hurt.Indeed，pain is your body telling you somethings wrong，and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly，but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifesty
86、le and the aches should disappear relatively quickly.If they dont，rest and seek medical advice.【语篇导读】关于胖瘦和锻炼等话题，人们有很多普遍认同的观点，但这些观点并不都是正确的，对于几个观点，作者给予了详细的阐述与论证。1.What does the author think about being fat?A.It is the family genes that make people fat.B.People are fat because they consume too little e
87、nergy.C.A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.D.It is the consequence of peoples unbalanced lifestyle.解析细节理解题。根据文章第二自然段最后一句话可知。答案D2.According to the author，how can we make exercise more interesting?A.By taking varied exercise.B.By choosing simple exercise.C.By doing regular exerci
88、se.D.By sticking to outdoor exercise.解析细节推断题。根据文章第四自然段可知让锻炼变得不枯燥的办法是“develop a balanced and varied program thats fun as well as progressive.”故选A。答案A3.What is the authors opinion about“No pain，no gain”in exercising?A.Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience.B.Exercise should be stopped if cont
89、inuous pain is felt.C.Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.D.Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.解析细节推断题。根据文章第五自然段第三句话可推知“如果身体出问题也会疼，继续锻炼只能导致更严重的伤害。”第五句就提到如果是持续疼痛，就要休息和看医生。故选B。答案B4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To declare the importance of keeping
90、fit.B.To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.C.To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.D.To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.解析主旨大意题。根据文章第一自然段第一句话可知本文的写作目的是为了纠正人们关于肥胖和锻炼的不正确的看法。答案BPassage 10(2014广东) 话题：音乐天才的故事词数：348Samuel Osmond is a 1
91、9yearold law student from Cornwall，England.He never studied the piano.However，he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them.He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts.Then he thinks about the notes in his head.T
92、wo years ago，he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata(奏鸣曲)by Beethoven.He surprised everyone around him.Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly，his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable.They say his ability is very rare，but Samuel doesnt even realize
93、that what he can do is special.Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents，but music teachers told him he should study music instead.Now，he studies law and music.Samuel cant understand why everyone is so surprised.“I grew up with music.My mother played the piano and my father
94、played the guitar.About two years ago，I suddenly decided to start playing the piano，without being able to read music and without having any lessons.It comes easily to meI hear the notes and can bear them in mindeach and every note，”says Samuel.Recently，Samuel performed a piece during a special event
95、 at his college.The piece had more than a thousand notes.The audience was impressed by his amazing performance.He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists cant play it.Samuel says confidently，“Its all about super memoryI guess I have that gift.”However，Samuels abi
96、lity to remember things doesnt stop with music.His family says that even when he was a young boy，Samuel heard someone read a story，and then he could retell the story word for word.Samuel is still only a teenager.He doesnt know what he wants to do in the future.For now，he is just happy to play beauti
97、ful music and continue his studies.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，记述了Samuel Osmond一个音乐天才的人物故事。1.What is special about Samuel Osmond?A.He has a gift for writing music.B.He can write down the note he hears.C.He is a top student at the law school.D.He can play the musical piece he hears.解析事实细节题。由第一段中的However，he can pl
98、ay very difficult musical pieces by musicians.可知，故选D项。答案D2.What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A.Samuel chose law against the wish of his parents.B.Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.C.Samuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability.D.Samuel studies law and music on the a
99、dvice of his teachers.解析事实细节题。由第二段最后两句“but music teachers told him he should study music instead.Now，he studies law and music”可知选D。答案D3.Everyone around Samuel was surprised because he .A.received a good early education in musicB.played the guitar and the piano perfectlyC.could play the piano without
100、 reading musicD.could play the guitar better than his father解析事实细节题。由第三段最一句Samuel cant understand why everyone is so surprised和第三、四句“I suddenly decided to start playing the piano，without being able to read music and without having any lessons.It comes easily to me.each and every note”可知，他不用看音符就能弹钢琴，
101、故选C项。答案C4.What can we infer about Samuel in Paragraph 4?A.He became famous during a special event at his college.B.He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately.C.He plays the piano better than many professional pianists.D.He impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces.解析推理判断
102、题。由第四段最后一句Samuel says confidently，“Its all about super memoryI guess I have that gift.”可推出。答案C5.Which of the following is the best title of this passage?A.The Qualities of a MusicianB.The Story of a Musical TalentC.The Importance of Early EducationD.The Relationship between Memory and Music解析主旨大意题。全
103、文都是说学法律的Samuel有音乐天才。答案BPassage 11(2014湖北)话题：摩天大楼的争议词数：408Londons newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build.At a height of almost 310 metres，it is the tallest building in Europe.The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London.However，not ever
104、yone thinks that it is a change for the better.The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano.When he began designing the Shard for London，Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire (尖顶).He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city.The sides of the
105、 building arent regular.So the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thin，sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name：the Shard.Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition.The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches
106、of London or the tall masts (桅杆) of the ships that were once on the river Thames.The Shard has 87 floors.At the top，there is an observatory.At the moment the building is empty，but eventually there will be a fivestar hotel.There will also be top quality restaurants，apartments and offices.Before build
107、ing work began，a lot of people didnt want the Shard though the plans were approved.Now they are still unhappy about the Shard.Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York，but not in London.They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape.But that
108、is the only thing.There is no decoration，only flat surfaces.The Egyptians did that 4，500 years ago.They also think the Shard is too big for London.It destroys the beauty of the city.Other critics dont like what the Shard seems to represent.They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more un
109、equal.Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London.So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.The Shard now dominates the London sky
110、line.It is not certain，however，that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.【语篇导读】文章论述了伦敦新的摩天大楼the Shard的建造所带来的争议。有人认为它是英国传统文化的传承，是一项很好的变化。但也有批评者认为Shard造成了社会(贫富) 分化。1.Londons newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of .A.its cost B.its size C.its shape D
111、.its height 解析细节理解题。根据第二段第四行到第五行So the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thin，sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name：Shard.可知答案为B。答案B2.When he designed the Shard，Piano wanted it to .A.change Londons skyline B.inherit Londons tradition C.imitate the Egy
112、ptian styleD.attract potential visitors解析细节理解题。根据第二段的倒数第二句：Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition可知答案为B。答案B3.The critics who refer to social division think the Shard .A.is only preferred by the rich B.is intended for wealthy peopleC.is far away from the poor
113、 areaD.is popular only with Londoners解析细节理解题。根据第五段第三句Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.可知答案为B。答案B4.Which would be the best title for the passage?A.The Shard：Cheers and ClapsB.The Shard：Work of a Great ArchitectC.The Shard：New Symbol of Lon
114、don?D.The Shard：A Change for the Better?解析主旨大意题。整篇文章论述的是伦敦新的摩天大楼的建造所带来的争议。有人认为它是英国传统的传承，是一个很好的变化。但也有人提出质疑，认为Shard造成了社会(贫富) 分化。因此答案选D。答案DPassage 12(2014浙江) 话题：入乡随俗词数：448Here is some mustknow information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.In BrazilBrazilians are w
115、arm and friendly.They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder.People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses.Schedules tend to be flexible，with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned.But to be safe，be o
116、n time.Meals can stretch for hourstheres no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil.Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon.Brazilians are social，preferring facetoface communication over emails or phone calls.In SingaporeSingaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each ot
117、her with a small，polite bow.Business cards should be offered and received with two hands.Arriving late is considered disrespectful.So be on time.Efficiency(效率) is the goal，so meetings and dealings often are fastpaced.Singaporeans are direct in their discussions，even when the subject is about money.R
118、ank is important and authority is respected.This determines how people interact in meetings.For example，people avoid disagreeing outright with someone of a higher rank.In the United Arab EmiratesIn the UAE，status is important，so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles.The
119、 handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere.So do not pull away from the handshake.Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress.Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部) and down to the knees.People do not avoid entertaining in their homes，but they also hold business meals at rest
120、aurants.Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided.When meetings are onetoone，if your host offers you coffee，you should refuse.It might seem odd，but it is a cultural tradition.Coffee should only be accepted if it is already set out or presented.In SwitzerlandThe Swiss te
121、nd to be formal and address each other by last name.They also are respectful of private lives.You should be careful not to ask about personal topics.Punctuality (守时) is vital，something that comes from a deep respect for others time.Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe.They a
122、lso have clear structure in their companies.Higherups make the final decisions，even if others might disagree.Neat，clean dress is expected.The Swiss follow formal table manners.They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table.It is polite to finish the food on your plate
123、.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。分别介绍了巴西、新加坡、阿联酋和瑞士的习俗和社交礼仪。1.The passage is mainly about .A.communication types B.the workplace atmosphere C.customs and social mannersD.living conditions and standards解析主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了巴西、新加坡、阿联酋和瑞士的习俗和社交礼仪，故选C。答案C2.Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss?A.They put efficienc
124、y in the first place.B.They dislike facetoface communication.C.They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible.D.They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank.解析细节理解题。根据“In Singapore”部分最后三句话可知，等级和特权是非常重要的，这就决定了人们在开会时如何互动，下级应该服从上级，故选D。答案D3.In the UAE，when should you refuse the coffee if i
125、t is offered?A.When greeting seniors.B.When meeting the host alone.C.When attending a presentation.D.When dining with business partners.解析细节理解题。根据“In the United Arab Emirates”部分倒数第三句“When meetings are onetoone，.”可知，在阿联酋当单独与主人见面时不能喝主人提供的咖啡。故选B。答案B4.In which country do people care about where to put t
126、heir hands at the dinner table?A.In Brazil.B.In Singapore.C.In the United Arab Emirates.D.In Switzerland.解析细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句话可知，在瑞士人们通常把手放桌上，肘部远离桌子，这是他们正规的餐桌礼仪，故选D。答案DPassage 13(2014辽宁)话题：无私的“母亲树”词数：291Would it surprise you to learn that，like animals，trees communicate with each other and pass on the
127、ir wealth to the next generation?UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest，Simard shows just how wrong he was.In fact，the opposite is true：trees survive through thei
128、r cooperation and support，passing around necessary nutrition“depending on who needs it”.Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks，making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy.This
129、hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains，and when one tree is destroyed，it affects all.Simard talks about“mother trees”，usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next ge
130、neration，transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow.When humans cut down“mother trees”with no awareness of these highly complex“tree societies”or the networks on which they feed，we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.“We didnt take any notice o
131、f it”Simard says sadly.“Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying，but we never give them chance.”If we could put across the message to the forestry industry，we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.【语篇导读】本文为说明文。大千世界，无奇不有。树和人类一样，也是
132、依靠彼此的合作与支持，树的家族才得以延续。“母亲树”，在死亡前夕会无私地将自己的财富传递给下一代。1.The underlined sentence“the opposite is true”in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees .A.compete for survivalB.protect their own wealthC.depend on each otherD.provide support for dying trees解析句意猜测题。根据第二段最后一句话对the opposite is true的解释：trees survive th
133、rough their cooperation and support，passing around necessary nutrition“depending on who needs it”树是通过他们的合作、支持并传递必要的营养，得以生存的。答案C2.“Mother trees”are extremely important because they .A.look the largest in size in the forestB.pass on nutrition to young treesC.seem more likely to be cut down by humansD.
134、know more about the complex“tree societies”解析细节理解题。根据第四段的第一、二句话可知，“母亲树”之所以十分重要，是因为她们是其他树赖以生存的基础，她们死亡前会把财富，特别是一些重要的矿物质输送给年轻的树，来促进它们的生长，因此B项正确，与pass on nutrition to young trees 正好吻合。答案B3.The underlined word“it”in the last paragraph refers to .A.how“tree societies”workB.how trees grow oldC.how forestry
135、 industry developsD.how young trees survive解析代词指代题。根据最后一段前两句话：Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying，but we never give them chance.垂死的“母亲树”在死亡前把营养传递给年轻树，但我们从未给它们机会，可以看出，it指的是“树的家族”固有的生存法则。答案A4.What would be the best title for the passage?A.Old Trees Communicate Like HumansB.You
136、ng Trees Are In Need Of ProtectionC.Trees Are More Awesome Than You ThinkD.Trees Contribute To Our Society解析主旨大意题。本题可用排除法来做，A.老树像人类一样交流；B.小树需要保护；C.树远远超出你的想像；D.树有助于我们的社会。从以上题目来看，只有C符合本文大意。答案CPassage 14(2014江西) 话题：公益组织词数：339 Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a
137、 hundred dollars less.Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed.Imagine having to read this page，not with your eyes but with your fingertips.With existing medical knowledge and skills，twothirds of the worlds 42 million blind should not have to suffer.Unf
138、ortunately，rich countries possess most of this knowledge，while developing countries do not.ORBIS is an international nonprofit organization which operates the worlds only flying teaching eye hospital.ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide.Inside a DC8 aircraft，there is a fullyequipped teach
139、ing hospital with television studio and classroom.Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people here.Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作) among countries.ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during threeweek medical progr
140、ams.ORBIS has taught sightsaving techniques to over 35，000 doctors and nurses，who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year.ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programs in China so far.For the seven to ten million blind in China ORBIS is planning to do more for them.At the moment an ORB
141、IS team is working on a longterm plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.For just US $38，you can help one person see；for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people；$1，300 helps teach
142、a doctor new skills；and for $13，000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again.Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文，向读者介
143、绍了ORBIS(奥比斯)一个致力于为世界各国盲人和眼疾患者恢复光明的国际性慈善机构。1.The first paragraph is intended to .A.introduce a new way of readingB.advise the public to lead a simple lifeC.direct the publics attention to the blindD.encourage the public to use imagination解析推理判断题。作者在第一段让读者闭上眼睛想象三件事：生活会是什么样子？如何度过余生？不用眼睛仅用指尖阅读书页。这会使读者体会
144、到盲人生活的艰难。由此可知其目的是为了引起公众对盲人的关注。答案C2.What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world?A.They are adequate.B.They have not been updated.C.They are not equally distributed.D.They have benefited most of the blind.解析细节理解题。由短文第二段的开头两句可知答案。答案C3.ORBIS aims to help the blind by .A.tea
145、ching medical students B.training doctors and nursesC.running flying hospitals globallyD.setting up nonprofit organizations解析细节理解题。根据短文第二段最后两句话，尤其第三段第三句“ORBIS has taught sightsaving techniques to over 35，000 doctors and nurses.”可知B为最佳答案。答案B4.What does the author try to do in the last paragragh?A.App
146、eal for donations.B.Make an advertisement.C.Promote training programs.D.Show sympathy for the blind.解析推理判断题。作者列举的一连串的数据表明：任何数目的捐款都会有助于提高盲人的生活质量。显然他是在呼吁更多的人为ORBIS募捐。答案A5.What can be the best title for the passage?A.ORBIS in China B.Fighting BlindnessC.ORBIS Flying Hospital D.Sightsaving Techniques解析主
147、旨大意题。通篇文章都是围绕ORBIS这一国际慈善机构在世界各地的开展情况进行说明的，故排除B、D两项。A项以偏概全，故C项为最佳答案。答案CPassage 15(2014四川) 话题：九岁女孩创造的奇迹词数：310A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic(过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.Izzy，nine，restarted father Colms heart by stamping(踩)o
148、n his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.Izzys mother，Debbie，immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father，so decided to use CPR.However，she quickly discovered her arms werent strong enough，so she stamped on her fathers chest instead.D
149、ebbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions(按压) until the ambulance arrived.Izzy，who has been given a bravery award by her school，said：“I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasnt strong enough to use hands.I was quite scared.The doctor said I might
150、as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”“Shes a little star，”said Debbie，“I was really upset but Izzy just took over.I just cant believe what she did.I really think all children should be taught first aid.Izzy did CPR then the doct
151、or turned up.Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and weve got to see an expert.”Truck driver Colm，35，suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital，but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day.The second attack was so serious that his
152、airway swelled，preventing him from breathing，his blood pressure dropped suddenly，and his heart stopped for a moment.He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.【语篇导读】这是一则新闻报道。35岁的卡车司机Colm因突发严重过敏反应而导致心脏骤停。跟妈妈学过心肺复苏术的九岁女孩Izzy竟挽救了父亲的生命。1.Izzy kicked her father in the chest .A.to express her help
153、lessnessB.to practise CPR on himC.to keep him awakeD.to restart his heart解析细节理解题。根据第二段首句的“.restarted father Colms heart by stamping on his chest.”可知答案。答案D2.Whats the right order of the events?Izzy kicked ColmDebbie called 999Izzy learned CPRColms heart stopped.A. B. C. D.解析细节理解题。根据生活常识可知，妈妈不可能在Colm出
154、现危险后再教给女儿心肺复苏术，所以应排在的前面。由第3段可知在之前发生。由此可知答案。答案C3.What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?A.What Colm suffered.B.Colms present condition.C.What caused Colms allergy.D.Symptoms of Colms allergic reaction.解析主旨大意题。通读全段可知，本段并没有描述过敏反应的症状和原因，只是说明Colm罹患此病而两次被送进医院的事。因此答案为A。注意B项为最后一段的大意。答案A4.Why does the autho
155、r write the news?A.To describe a serious accident.B.To prove the importance of CPR.C.To report a 9yearold girls brave act.D.To call peoples attention to allergic reaction.解析写作意图题。开头一段是这则新闻的导语。导语即是新闻的主旨大意，而这段文字的中心人物正是小女孩Izzy。因此答案为C。答案CPassage 16(2014陕西)话题：美国人为什么肥胖词数：307Why do Americans struggle with
156、watching their weight，while the French，who consume rich food，continue to stay thin？Now a research by Cornell University suggests how lifestyle and decisions about eating may affect weight.Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full.However，Americans tend to stop when
157、 their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.According to Dr.Joseph Mercola，a health expert，the French see eating as an important part of their lifestyle.They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table，while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the
158、other daily activities.Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full.So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped.In addition，he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week.The French，instead，tend
159、 to shop daily，walking to small shops and farmers markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits，vegetables，and eggs as well as highquality meats for each meal.After a visit to the United States，Mireille Guiliano，author of French Women Dont Get Fat，decided to write about the importance of knowing
160、when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food.Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.In spite of all these differences，evidence shows that recent lifestyle changes may be affecting French eating habits.Today the rate of obesityor extreme overweightamong adults is only 6%
161、.However，as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions，the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%and is growing.【语篇导读】经研究发现生活方式和饮食习惯影响人的体重。法国人当感觉饱时就会停止吃饭，而美国人直到盘子空了才会停止，且喜欢罐装食品和快餐，因此美国人的肥胖率远高于法国人。1.In what way are the French different from Americans accordi
162、ng to Dr.Joseph Mercola?A.They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently.B.They squeeze eating between the other daily activities.C.They regard eating as a key part of their lifestyles.D.They usually eat too much canned and frozen food.解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句话可知答案为C。答案C2.This text is mainly about the r
163、elationship between .A.Americans and the French B.lifestyle and obesityC.children and adults D.fast food and overweight解析判断推理题。根据文章最后一段可知答案为B。答案B3.The text is mainly developed .A.by contrast B.by spaceC.by process D.by classification解析写作手法题。文章把法国人和美国人的生活理念和饮食习惯在第二段作了对比，最后一段在肥胖率方面作了对比，故答案为A。答案A4.Wher
164、e does this text probably come from?A.A TV interview. B.A food advertisement. C.A health report. D.A book review.解析考查文章出处。文章旨在说明饮食习惯影响人的体重，习惯不当易引起肥胖，与健康有关，故选C。答案CPassage 17(2013辽宁)话题：绿色之路词数：258Going green seems to be a fad(时尚)for a lot of people these days.Whether that is good or bad，we cant really
165、say，but for the two of us，going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.On April 22，2011，we decided to go green every single day for an entire year.This meant doing 365 different green things，and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things.Rather than recycle and reduce our ene
166、rgy，we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.With the idea of going green every single day for a year，Our Green Year started.My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things t
167、hat could be done to help the environment.We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.Over the course of Our Green Year，we completely changed our lifestyle.We now shop at organic(有机的)stores.We consume less meat，choosing green food.We have greatly reduced our buying we dont need.We have
168、 given away half of what we owned through websites.Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice，with no chemical cleaners.We make our own butter，enjoying the smell of homemade fresh bread.In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.Our minds have been changed by O
169、ur Green Year.We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others.We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了作者夫妇走一年绿色之路的体会和好处。1.What might be the best title for the passage?A.Going GreenB.Protecting the PlanetC.Keepi
170、ng OpenMindedD.Celebrating Our Green Year解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了作者走一年绿色之路的体会和好处。A选项最适合做文章的标题，故答案选A。答案A2.It was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because .A.they were expected to follow the green fadB.they didnt know how to educate other peopleC.they were unwilling to re
171、duce their energyD.they needed to perform unusual green tasks解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“This meant doing 365 different green things，and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things.”可知，走一年绿色之路是艰辛的，因为这意味着要做365件不同的绿色事情，这也意味着我们要超越简单的事情挑战自我。故答案选D。答案D3.What did the couple do over the cour
172、se of Our Green Year?A.They tried to get out of their ungreen habits.B.They ignore others ungreen behavior.C.They chose better chemical cleaners.D.They sold their homemade food.解析推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Over the course of Our Green Year，we completely changed our lifestyles.”及该段最后一句“In our home office anyone
173、caught doing something ungreen might be punished.”可知，在走绿色之路这一年中，我们完全改变了自己的生活方式，抛弃对环境有害的习惯。故答案选A。答案A4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The government will give support to the green people.B.The couple may continue their project in the future.C.Some people disagree with the couples green id
174、eas.D.Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign.解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.”可知，我们相信我们具有改变事情和改善我们这个星球的能力，表明了他们要继续走绿色之路的决心。故答案选B。答案BPassage 18(2013安徽)话题：水资源与人类活动词数：251Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are cle
175、ar ways that humans can put our water supply in danger，but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.You may wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water.A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater.Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes
176、from underground.The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺).Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall ，but in any case，good manag
177、ement can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference，too.In the United States，a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live，but theres a lot we can do to lo
178、wer the number.You can take steps to save water in your home.To start with，use the same glass for your drinking water all day.Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher (洗碗机) only when it is full.Help your parents fix any leaks in your home.You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycl
179、ing batteries instead of throwing them away.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了人类活动对淡水供应产生的影响，以及我们应该如何应对水资源短缺的问题。 1.Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater ?A.Using river water.B.Throwing batteries away.C.Paving parking lots.D.Throwing rubbish into lakes.解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段倒数第二、三句“Groundwater
180、 does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from underground.”可知，我们的地下水不是来自河水和湖水，故排除A、D两项；根据最后一段最后一句“You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.”可推知，扔掉废旧的电池会使我们的水变得不干净，与题意不符，故排除B项。答案C符合文意。答案C2.What can be inferred from the text ?A.All water
181、 shortages are due to human behavior.B.It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs.C.There is much we can do to reduce family size.D.The average family in America makes proper use of water.解析推理判断题。本题可用排除法。根据文章第二段第一句“Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺).”可排除A项；根据文章第三段第二、
182、三句“In the United States，a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live，but theres a lot we can do to lower the number.”并结合最后一段讲如何节约用水可推知，美国普通家庭用水过度，故排除D项；根据文章第三段第三句“This shows how much we depend on water to live，but theres a lot we can do to lower th
183、e number.”可知，人们需要降低的是用水量，而不是家庭的规模，故排除C项。由此可知，答案B符合文意。 答案B3.The last paragraph is intended to .A.show us how to fix leaks at homeB.tell us how to run a dishwasherC.prove what drinking glass is best for usD.suggest what we do to save water at home解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句“You can take steps to save water in
184、 your home.”可知，本段主要讲的是如何在日常生活中节约用水，故答案D符合文意。答案D4.The text is mainly about .A.why paving roads reduces our waterB.how much we depend on water to liveC.why droughts occur more in dry climatesD.how human activity affects our water supply解析主旨大意题。根据对文章的整体理解可知，文章主要讲述了人类活动对淡水供应的影响，包括扔垃圾、用水过度，还有铺路等。同时强调我们通过
185、在日常生活中的节水举动，是可以对淡水的供应产生重大影响的，由此可推知，答案D符合文意。其他各项都是对文章的部分描述，而不是文章的主旨，故可排除。答案DPassage 19(2012湖南)话题：代替塑料的环保品词数：276Harvard researchers have created a tough，lowcost，biodegradable(可生物降解的) material inspired by insects hard outer shells.The materials inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday
186、 could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic.The material，made from shrimp(虾) shells and proteins produced from silk，is called “shrilk”.It is thin，clear，flexible and strong.A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability.Plastics toughness and flexibility represented
187、 a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and 60s.Decades later，however，plastics very durability(耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for onetime products such as plastic bags，or shortlived consumer goods，used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where
188、 they will degrade for centuries.What is the point of making something that lasts 1，000 years?Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer (肥料), and so will enrich the soil.Shrilk has great potential，the inventors said.Materials from which it is made ar
189、e plentiful in nature，found in everything ranging from shrimp shells，insect bodies to living plants.That makes shrilk low cost，and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab.The inventors said the material becomes f
190、lexible when wet，so theyre exploring ways to use it in wet environments.Theyre also developing simpler production processes，which could be used for nonmedical products，like for computer cases and other products inside the home.Theyre even exploring combining it with other materials like carbon fiber
191、s，to give it new properties.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种在将来某一天可能会替代塑料的环保材料。这种材料的原材料在大自然中很容易获得，且具有耐用、成本低、可生物降解等优点。1.Paragraph 1 of the passage is mainly about shrilks .A.remarkable design B.interesting nameC.major features D.basic elements解析推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了哈佛大学研究者最新发明的一种耐用、成本低、可生物降解的材料，介绍了这种材料的主要特征。故C项正确。答
192、案C2.What has become a concern about plastic?A.Using it properly.B.Producing it cheaply.C.Developing its properties quickly.D.Evaluating its contributions fairly.解析推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“Decades later，however，plastics very durability is raising questions about how appropriate it is for onetime products.”可推知，
193、如何合理利用这种材料成了焦点问题。故A项正确。答案A3.According to the inventors，shrilk has great potential partly because .A.it can help plastic degradeB.it can be found in living thingsC.its mass production has been realizedD.its raw materials are abundant in nature解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句“Shrilk has great potential，the investor
194、s said.Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature，found in everything ranging from shrimp shells，insect bodies to living plants.”可知，制作这种材料的原材料在大自然中是非常充足的。故D项正确。 答案D4.What are the inventors doing in the lab?A.Replacing carbon fibers with shrilk.B.Testing shrilks use in wet conditions.C.M
195、aking shrilk out of used household goods.D.Improving shrilks flexibility for medical purposes.解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第一、二句“Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab.The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet，so theyre exploring ways to use it in wet environments.”可知，这种材料在潮湿环境中会变得柔韧有弹性，所以研究者正在探索在
196、潮湿环境中使用这种材料的方法。故B项正确。答案B5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.Recent Progress in Environment Protection.B.Benefits of Insects in Scientific Research.C.The Harm of Onetime Products.D.A possible Alternative Plastic.解析主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一种在将来可能替代塑料的环保材料。这种材料的原材料在大自然中很充足，且具有耐用、成本低、可
197、生物降解等优点。D项做标题最恰当。答案DPassage 20(2011山东)话题：由意念控制的轮椅词数：264Since the 1970s，scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.Braincomputer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.Recently，two researchers，Jose Milan and Michele Tavell
198、a from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne，Switzerland，demonstrated(展示) a small robotic wheelchair directed by a persons thoughts.In the laboratory，Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand.He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it w
199、ith his thoughts.“Our brain has billions of nerve cells.These send signals through the spinal cord (脊髓) to the muscles to give us the ability to move.But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles，” Tavella says.“Our system allows dis
200、abled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.The wheelcha
201、ir also has two cameras that identify objects in its path.They help the computer react to commands from the brain.Prof.Milan，the team leader，says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands.“The practical possibilities that BCI te
202、chnology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication，and controlling devices.One example is this wheelchair.”He says his team has set two goals.One is testing with real patients，so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.And the other is to guarantee
203、 that they can use the technology over long periods of time.【语篇导读】本文主要介绍由人的意念控制的轮椅的制作过程及其工作原理。1.BCI is a technology that can .A.help to update computer systemsB.link the human brain with computersC.help the disabled to recoverD.control a persons thoughts解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“.scientists have been searching
204、 for ways to link the brain with computers.Braincomputer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.”可知，应选B项。答案B2.How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?A.By controlling his muscles.B.By talking to the machine.C.By moving his hand.D.By u
205、sing his mind.解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand.He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.”可知，应选D项。 答案D3.Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?A.scalpcomputerc
206、apwheelchairB.computercapscalpwheelchairC.scalpcapcomputerwheelchairD.capcomputerscalpwheelchair解析细节理解题。根据第五段开头三句话“The researchers designed a special cap for the user.and commands the motorized wheelchair.”可知，应选C项。答案C4.The team will test with real patients to .A.make profits from themB.prove the tec
207、hnology useful to themC.make them live longerD.learn about their physical condition解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句话“One is testing with real patients，so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from”可知，应选B项。答案B 5.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A.Switzerland，the BCI Resea
208、rch CenterB.New Findings About How the Human Brain WorksC.BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the DisabledD.Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries解析标题归纳题。全文主要介绍BCI是如何帮助残疾人的。故选C项。答案C考点二细节理解题Passage 1(2015新课标全国) 话题：艺术展词数：221Salvador Dali (19041989) was one of the most popular of modern artists
209、.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces，most importantly Th
210、e Persistence of Memory.There is also LEnigme sans Fin from 1938，works on paper，objects，and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artists showman qualities.The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning，the w
211、orld of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限).“From the infinity small to the infinity large，contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus：amazing Flemish ac
212、curacy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museumtheatre in Figueras，” explains the Pompidou Centre.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like
213、the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，Florida.【语篇导读】这篇短文主要介绍了现代著名艺术家Dali的作品风格及the world of Dali中的展品情况。1.Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1?A.Optimistic. B.Productive. C.Generous. D.Traditional.解析推理判断题。短文首段介绍了艺术家Dali的作品。由“.with an exhibition bring together over 20
214、0 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.”一句可知，Dali的作品众多，是一个多产画家。故答案为B。答案B2.What is Dalis The Persistence of Memory considered to be?A.One of his masterworks.B.A successful screen adaptation.C.An artistic creation for the stage.D.One of the best TV programmes.解析推理判断题。根据第一段“.the visitors will find th
215、e best pieces，most importantly the Persistence of Memory”可知，该作品在Dali的最佳作品中是最重要的，由此可以推断它是Dali的杰作之一。答案A3.How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?A.By popularity. B.By importance.C.By size and shape. D.By time and subject.解析事实细节题。根据第二段末句中的“.follows a path of time and subject.”可知，Dali的作品是按时间和
216、主题进行布展的。答案选D。答案D4.What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?A.Artworks. B.Projects. C.Donations. D.Documents. 解析词义猜测题。由最后一段可知，展出的作品主要来源于两个途径：一是与马德里的一家艺术馆密切合作；一是靠像Salvador Dali Museum这样的机构的捐赠。联系全文大意及前一分句不难推测其它机构捐赠的是艺术作品。因此答案为A。答案APassage 2(2015新课标全国) 话题：倒霉的彩电词数：272My color tel
217、evision has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper
218、 advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.Fortunately，I didnt got any channels showing allnight movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Then I start
219、ed developing a problem with the set that involved static (静电) noise.For some reason，when certain shows switched into a commercial，a loud noise would sound for a few seconds.Gradually，this noise began to appear during a show，and to get rid of it，I had to change to another channel and then change it
220、back.Sometimes this technique would not work，and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound.I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.When neither of these methods removed the static noise，I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up
221、 hitting the set with my fist，and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair shop cost me $62，and the set is working well now，but I keep expecting more trouble.【语篇导读】这是一篇记叙文。作者用幽默诙谐的笔调向我们讲述了他购买的一台电视机所带来的一系列烦恼的故事。1.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?A.He got an older
222、 model than he had expected.B.He couldnt return it when it was broken.C.He could have bought it at a lower price.D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.解析推理判断题。根据“.newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.”可知，作者是在一天后看到自己所购买的电视机降了75美元才感觉自己上当受骗了。由此可知他本可以以更低的价
223、格购买这台电视机的。因此C项正确。答案C2.Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1?A.ended all their programsB.provided fewer channelsC.changed to commercialsD.showed allnight movies解析词义猜测题。由下一句的内容可知，我没有彻夜播放电影的频道，不然就无法睡觉了。据此可以推断作者一直看到一天的节目结束为止。故A项为正确答案。答案A3.How did the author final
224、ly get his TV set working again?A.By shaking and hitting it.B.By turning it on and off.C.By switching channels.D.By having it repaired.解析事实细节题。由短文最后“My trip to the repair shop cost me $62.”一句可知，作者把电视机送到维修店请人修理。答案D4. How does the author sound when telling the story?A.Curious. B.Anxious.C.Cautious. D.
225、Humorous.解析推理判断题。纵览全文，尤其是第二段末句“I actually began to build up my arm muscles，shaking my set.”(通过摇晃电视机，我手臂的肌肉增强了不少)，字里行间流露出作者幽默调侃的语气。因此答案为D。答案DPassage 3(2015新课标全国) 话题：高学费与责任感词数：261More students than ever before are taking a gapyear (间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the “year off” bet
226、ween school and university.The gapyear phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year，25，310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry un
227、til next year，according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS).That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Stu
228、dents who take a wellplanned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，” he said.But not everyone is happy.Owain James，the president of the National Union of Students(NUS)，argued that the increase
229、 is evidence of student hardshipyoung people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to 15，000 in debt.It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support
230、their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods，”he said.【语篇导读】这是一篇议论文。越来越多的学生在上大学期前都会度过一个间隔年。然而人们对于这一现象所持的看法却大相径庭。有的人十分推崇，而有的人却极力反对。1. What do we learn about the gap year from the te
231、xt?A.It is flexible in length.B.It is a time for relaxation.C.It is increasingly popular.D.It is required by universities.解析事实细节题。由短文首句及第三段“That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.”一句可知，这种现象日渐流行。因此答案为C。答案C2. According to Tony Higgins，students taking a gap year .A.
232、are better prepared for college studiesB.know a lot more about their future jobsC.are more likely to leave university in debtD.have a better chance to enter top universities解析推理判断题。根据第三段Tony Higgins的话可知，度过这个间隔年的学生会变得更加成熟和富有责任感，从而更有可能完成他们所选的课程。故A项正确。答案A3. How does Owain James feel about the gapyear p
233、henomenon?A.Hes puzzled. B.Hes worried.C.Hes surprised. D.Hes annoyed.解析推理判断题。由第四段首句及接下来引用Owain James的话可知，他对这一现象并不感到快乐，而是对学生的学业感到担忧。答案B4. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?A.Attend additional courses.B.Make plans for the new term.C.Earn money for their educati
234、on.D.Prepare for their graduate studies.解析推理判断题。由短文最后一句可知，假期里多达90%的学生被迫去工作。结合前文“.young people are being forced into earning money.”可知答案非C莫属。答案CPassage 4(2015安徽) 话题：食物与文化词数：298Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that
235、 can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or cultures celebrations or traditions. The foods we eatand when and how we eat themare often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one
236、country.Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this traditio
237、n hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put i
238、nto the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that include
239、s giving redcolored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.【语篇导
240、读】该篇介绍了食品作为一种交流的两个基本方面，来说明它是世界各地不同文化的一个重要组成部分。1.According to the passage, sharing bread .A.indicates a lack of foodB.can help to develop unityC.is a custom unique to rural areasD.has its roots in birthday celebrations解析考查细节理解。由第一段.can promote unity and trust可知。答案B2.What does the coin in vasilopita s
241、ignify for its receiver in the New Year?A.Trust. B.Success.C.Health. D.Togetherness.解析考查细节理解。由第三段signifies (预示).success in the New Year可知。答案B3.The author explains the role of food in celebrations by .A.using examples B.making comparisonsC.analyzing causes D.describing processes解析考查推理判断。由第三段可知。答案A4.W
242、hat is the passage mainly about?A.The custom of sharing food.B.The specific meaning of food.C.The role of food in ceremonies.D.The importance of food in culture.解析考查主旨大意。由最后一段可知。答案DPassage 5(2015湖北) 话题：小马驹词数：384“I see youve got a bit of water on your coat，” said the man at the petrol station.“Is it
243、raining out there？”“No，its pretty nice，” I replied，checking my sleeve.“Oh，right.A pony(马驹) bit me earlier.”As it happened，the bite was virtually painless: more the kind of small bite you might get from a naughty child.The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor
244、，and perhaps thought Id jumped in ahead of him.The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a touristheavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods，despite signs asking them not to.By feeding the ponies，tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car，and make
245、 them harder to gather during the areas annual pony drift(迁移).The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked，the baby ones can be stooped from feeding on their mothers milk，and those whove gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct area.Some of t
246、hem are also later sold，in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England.Three weeks ago，I witnessed a small neardisaster a few miles west of here.While walking，I noticed a pony roll over on his back.“Hello！” I said to him，assuming he was just rolling for fun，but
247、he was very still and，as I got closer，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.I began to properly worry about him.Fortunately，I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoors Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo.The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on t
248、he pony.The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks.The farmer freed him，and he began to run happily around again.Dartmoor has 1，000 or so ponies，who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area.Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies，and trying to co
249、me up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的) future for one of Dartmoors most financiallytroubled elements.【语篇导读】在Haytor附近的自然保护区Dartmoor内有一千头小马驹，这里的小马驹很调皮。游客们喂养小马驹给它们增加了一些不安全隐患，也使得小马驹的一年一度的迁移变得困难。自然保护区的官员们正在想方设法找到一个解决困扰保护区持续发展的最大问题财政问题。1.Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies?A.To protect the
250、 tourists from being bitten.B.To keep the ponies off the petrol station.C.To avoid putting the ponies in danger.D.To prevent the ponies from fighting.解析细节理解题。由第三段By feeding the ponies，tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car，and make them harder to gather during the areas annual pony
251、drift(迁移).可知，通过喂小马驹，使它们增加被汽车撞到的危险，并且使它们每年的迁移都变得更困难。因此选C。答案C2.One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is .A.to feed baby ponies on milkB.to control the number of poniesC.to expand the habitat for poniesD.to sell the ponies at a good price解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句，Some of them are also later sold，in orde
252、r to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England.可知其中一个原因是控制小马驹的数量。答案B3.What was the authors first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back?A.He freed it from the trap.B.He called a protection officer.C.He worried about it very much.D.He thought of it as being naught
253、y.解析推理判断题。由第五段assuming he was just rolling for fun，认为小马驹打滚玩耍。答案D4.What does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoors ponies?A.It lacks peoples involvement.B.It costs a large amount of money.C.It will affect tourism in Dartmoor.D.It has caused an imbalance of species.解析判断推理题。由第六段(最后一段)最后一
254、句，most financiallytroubled elements可知财政问题是困扰保护小马驹的最棘手的难题。答案BPassage 6(2015四川) 话题：母亲节词数：335Across Britain，burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers，But，according to a new study，we should be placing a high
255、er value on motherhood all year.Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work.Now，the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours，they would earn as much as$172，000 a year.The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do，as well as the hour
256、s they are working，to determine the figure.This would make their yearly income $30，000 more than the Prime Minister earns.By analysing the numbers，it found the average mother works 119 hours a week，40 of which would usually be paid at a standard rate and 79 hours as overtime.After questioning 1，000
257、mothers with children under 18，it found that，on most days，mums started their routine work at 7am and finished at around 11pm.To calculate just how much mothers would earn from that labour，it suggested some of the roles that mums could take on，including housekeeper，parttime lawyer，personal trainer an
258、d entertainer.Being a parttime lawyer，at $48.98 an hour，would prove to be the most profitable of the “mum jobs”，with psychologist(心理学家)a close second.It also asked mothers about the challenges they face，with 80 percent making emotional(情感的) demand as the hardest thing about motherhood.Over a third o
259、f mums felt they needed more training and around half said they missed going out with friends.The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mothers Day.The emotional，physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be neverending，but children are also sources of great j
260、oy and happiness.Investing(投入)in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent.【语篇导读】这是一篇写在母亲节的文章，在母亲节这一天，每个人都会对母亲做一些事，比如送一束花等等，但是作者认为，母亲这一职业值得全年的关注，因为它包含太多。1.How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?A.30，000. B.142，000.C.172，000. D.202，000.解析细节理解题。根据文章
261、的they would earn as much as$172，000 a year.以及This would make their yearly income 3，000 more than the Prime Minister earns.可知，总理的工资是172，0003，000142，000。故选择B。答案B2.The biggest challenge for most mothers is from .A.emotional demandB.low pay for workC.heavy workloadD.lack of training解析细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段的It
262、also asked mothers about the challenges they face, with 80 percent making emotional(情感的) demand as the hardest thing about motherhood.可知，选择A。答案A3.What is stressed in the last paragraph?A.Mothers importance shows in family all year long.B.The sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile.C.Mothers
263、devotion to children can hardly be calculated.D.Investing time in parenting would bring a financial return.解析细节理解题。根据最后一段的The emotional，physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be neverending, but children are also sources of great joy and happiness.可知，选择B，指母亲付出的牺牲是巨大的，但是又是值得的
264、。答案B4.What can we conclude from the study?A.Mothers working hours should be largely reduced.B.Mothers should balance their time for work and rest.C.Mothers labour is of a higher value than it is realised.D.Mothers should be freed from housework for social life.解析推理判断题。根据文章第一段的But, according to a new
265、 study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.可知，作者认为母亲的重要性应该得到更多的关注，故选择C。答案CPassage 7(2015天津) 话题：大学宿舍规范词数：342University Room RegulationsApproved and Prohibited ItemsThe following items are approved for use in residential(住宿的) rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal comp
266、uters, radios, televisions and DVD players.Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers.Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.Access to Residential RoomsStudents are
267、 provided with a combination(组合密码) for their room door locks upon checkin.Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone.The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination w
268、ith others.The fee is $25 to change a room combination.Cooking PolicyStudents living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen.Students must clean up after cooking.This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff.Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for
269、use.With the exception of using a small microwave oven(微波炉) to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.Pet PolicyNo pets except fish are permitted in student rooms.Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, are subject to an initial fine of $100
270、and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet.Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect.If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court.Quiet HoursResidential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the
271、academic mission of the University.Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11：00 pm to 8：00 am Sunday through Thursday.Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1：00 am to 8：00 am.Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of $25.【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文，主要谈论的是学生宿舍管理的一些具体要求及违犯规定所受的惩罚等
272、。1.Which of the following items are allowed in student rooms?A.Ceiling fans and waterbeds.B.Wireless routers and radios.C.Hair dryers and candles.D.TVs and electric blankets.解析细节理解题。根据第一部分第一句话可知，电视和电热毯是允许学生在宿舍使用的。而不允许使用的有candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers。答案D
273、2.What if a student is found to have told his combination to others?A.The combination should be changed.B.The Office should be charged.C.He should replace the door lock.D.He should check out of the room.解析细节理解题。根据第二部分中的The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination.if it is found
274、that the student has shared the combination with others.可知，如果一个学生被发现与他人共享组合密码，那么组合密码就会被更改。答案A3.What do we know about the cooking policy?A.A microwave oven can be used.B.Cooking in student rooms is permitted.C.A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen.D.Students are to close kitchen doors after cookin
275、g.解析细节理解题。根据第三部分最后一句话可知，除了可以使用微波炉热食物外，学生们不允许在房间里做饭。其他选项与本部分的内容不相符。答案A4.If a student has kept a cat in his room for a week since the warning, he will face .A.parent visits B.a fine of $100C.the Student Court D.a written notice解析细节判断题。根据第四部分最后一句话可知，如果得到警告后仍在房间养宠物一周，那他就会被交到学生法庭。答案C5.When can students e
276、njoy a party in residences?A.7：00 am, Sunday. B.7：30 am, Thursday.C.11：30 pm, Monday. D.00：30 am, Saturday.解析细节判断题。根据最后一部分中的Minimum quiet hours . are 11：00 pm to 8：00 am Sunday through Thursday.Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1：00 am to 8：00 am.可知，只有D项属于安静时间之外，可以举办聚会。故答案为D。答案DPassage 8
277、(2015福建) 话题：美食节词数：362Food festivals around the worldStilton Cheese RollingMay Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2，000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans.Teams of four，dressed in a variety of strange and
278、funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50metre course.On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors lane(赛道).Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses u
279、sed in the race are wooden ones).All the competitors are served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.Fiery Foods FestivalThe Hottest Festival on EarthEvery year more than 10，000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico.They come from as far away as Aust
280、ralia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addictionfood that is not just spicy(辛辣)，but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water.Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March.You might like to
281、 try a chocolatecovered habanero pepperofficially the hottest pepper in the worldor any one of the thousands of products that are on show.But one things for sureif you dont like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isnt for you!La TomatinaThe Worlds Biggest Food FightOn the last Wednesday
282、of every August, the Spanish town of Bunol hosts La Tomatinathe worlds largest food fight.A weeklong celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the weeks events.The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoesofficial fightstarters get things going by casti
283、ng tomatoes at the crowd.The battle lasts little more than half an hour, in which time around 50，000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves, runs, or fights back.Then everyone heads down to the river to make friends againand for a muchneeded wash!【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文，介绍了世界各
284、地有趣的“美食节”。1.In the Stilton cheese rolling competition, competitors on each team must .A.wear various formal clothesB.roll a wooden cheese in their own laneC.kick or throw their cheeseD.use a real cheese weighing about four kilos解析细节理解题。根据题干可知答案在第一段中寻找。根据倒数第二句中的括号内的内容，可知，斯蒂尔顿奶酪翻滚大赛上翻滚的是木制奶酪。答案B2.Wher
285、e is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival held?A.In New Mexico. B.In the Caribbean.C.In Australia. D.In China.解析细节理解题。根据题干可知答案需要在第二段中寻找，根据第二段第一句可知，激烈的食品烧烤节是在新墨西哥举行的。答案A3.The celebration of La Tomatina lasts .A.three days B.seven daysC.less than three days D.more than seven days解析细节理解题。根据题干可知答案在第三段中寻找，第三段
286、的第二句提到a weeklong celebration可以看出选B。答案B4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.B.More than 10，000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.C.Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fier
287、y Food and BBQ Festival.D.An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.解析细节判断题。根据第二段的倒数第二句可知，any one of the thousands of the products that are on show.在食品烧烤节上，会有上千种食品展示。答案CPassage 9(2014四川) 话题：做志愿者吧词数：187Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real differen
288、ce in someones life?If yes，dont care about sex or age！Come and join us，then youll make it!Position：Volunteer Social Care Assistant(No Pay with Free Meals)Place：ManchesterHours：Part TimeWe are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives！Only 4 days lef
289、t.Dont miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others!Role：You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives.You will help them to develop new skills.You will help them to protect their rights and their safety.But your primary concern is to let them
290、know they are valued.Skills and Experience Required：You will have the right values and great listening skills.You will be honest and patient.You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since youll have to help those people with different learning
291、disabilities.Previous carerelated experience will be a great advantage for you.【语篇导读】这是一篇实用文体，作者向社会发出倡议，呼吁更多的人利用业余时间报名参加志愿活动，帮助在学习上存在困难的人们。1.The text is meant to .A.leave a noteB.send an invitationC.present a documentD.carry an advertisement解析推理判断题。既然是招募志愿者，而且还列出了“Position，Place，Hours，Role，Skills an
292、d Experience Required”等条目，显然这篇文章的意旨是做广告宣传。答案D2.What does the underlined part mean?A.Youll make others lives more meaningful with this job.B.Youll arrive home just in time from this job.C.Youll earn a good salary from this job.D.Youll succeed in getting this job.解析句意推断题。画线句子本是“成功”的意思。但联系前文“.knowing y
293、ou have made a real difference in someones life.”可知答案非A莫属。答案A3.The volunteers primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities .A.to get some financial supportB.to properly protect themselvesC.to learn some new living skillsD.to realize their own importance解析事实细节题。“But your primar
294、y concern is to let them know they are valued.”一句是解答本题的依据。答案D4.Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer?A.The one who can drive a car.B.The one who has done similar work before.C.The one who has patience to listen to others.D.The one who can use English to communicate.解析事实细节题。短文最后一句
295、“Previous carerelated experience will be a great advantage for you.”说明以往的相关经验是申请这一职位的最大优势，由此可以推断该条件是优先考虑的。A、C、D三项内容在文中均被提及，但由题干中first一词予以排除。答案BPassage 10(2014江苏)话题：机会成本词数：430However wealthy we may be，we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want.Economics deals with this problem
296、 through the concept of opportunity cost，which simply refers to whether someones time or money could be better spent on something else.Every hour of our time has a value.For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another，or be sleeping or watching a film.Each of these options h
297、as a different opportunity costnamely，what they cost us in missed opportunities.Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium.Why not，you might reason，watch the game from home and use the leftover money an
298、d time to have dinner with friends？Thisthe alternative use of your cash and timeis the opportunity cost.For economists，every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgoin terms of money and enjoymentin order to take it up.By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing
299、out on，you ought to be able to make betterinformed，more reasonable decisions.Consider that most famous economic rule of all：theres no such thing as a free lunch.Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free，the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of fo
300、rgone opportunities.Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging：imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable.Yet，in a sense its human nature to do precisely thatwe assess the adva
301、ntages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.In the business world，a popular phrase is“value for money.”People want their cash to go as far as possible.However，another is fast obtaining an advantage：“value for time.”The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote
302、to something，so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time.By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities，such as sleeping and eating.In return，however，this passage will help you to think like an economist，closely consi
303、dering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，作者通过生动简洁的例子向读者论述了经济学家提出的“机会成本”的概念。1.According to the passage，the concept of“opportunity cost”is applied to .A.making more moneyB.taking more opportunitiesC.reducing missed opportunitiesD.weighing the choice of opportunities解析细节理解题。
304、根据文章第一自然段第二句话对“机会成本”这一概念的论述可知“机会成本”是用来衡量机会选择的。故选D。答案D2.The“leftover.time”in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time .A.spared for watching the match at homeB.taken to have dinner with friendsC.spent on the way to and from the matchD.saved from not going to watch the match解析细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句话内容可知，一开始观
305、看现场表演需金钱和路途上的时间，而后选择在家看比赛就可节省出来回途中的时间，故选C。答案C3.What are forgone opportunities?A.Opportunities you forget in decisionmaking.B.Opportunities you give up for better ones.C.Opportunities you miss accidentally.D.Opportunities you make up for.解析词义理解题。根据文章第四自然段可以看出做出每一决定都会放弃另一种机会forgone opportunity的概念即指为了更
306、好的选择而放弃掉的机会，故选B。答案BPassage 11(2014安徽)话题：大象与蜜蜂词数：334Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big，tough African elephants running away，a new study says.Beehives (蜂窝)either recorded or realmay even prevent elephants from damaging farmers crops.In 2002，scientist Lucy King and her team found that elep
307、hants avoid certain trees with bees living in them.Today，Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops.But before she asked farmers to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms，she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away.Lucy foun
308、d a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder.Then she threw a stone into the beehive，which burst into life.Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down.Next，Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and
309、 put a speaker in a tree close to each family.From a distance，Lucy switched on the prerecorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera.Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds.Out of a total of 17 groups，only one group ignored the sound
310、 of the angry bees.Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them.When Lucy played the sound of a waterfall (瀑布) instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families，the animals were undisturbed.Even after four minutes，most of the groups sta
311、yed in one place.Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times.She hasnt tested enough groups yet to know，but her initial (最初的) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers.She has now begun placing speakers in
312、the fields to see if elephants are frightened away.【语篇导读】本文讲述了科学家Lucy King和她的团队发现大象害怕蜜蜂，并且做实验来证实这个事情。1.We know from the passage that elephants may be frightened of .A.loud noises B.some cropsC.video cameras D.angry bees解析事实细节题。根据文章第一段“Recordings of angry bees are.farmers crop”可知愤怒的蜜蜂为大象所害怕。故选D。答案D2.
313、 As mentioned in the passage，Lucy .A.works by herself in AfricaB.needs to test more elephant groupsC.has stopped elephants eating cropsD.has got farmers to set up beehives on their farms解析事实细节题。根据文章最后一段中“Lucy is now studying.she hasnt tested enough groups yet to know”可知Lucy需要对更多的象群进行实验，故选B。答案B3.Why
314、did Lucy throw a stone into a wild beehive?A.To record the sound of bees.B.To make a video of elephants.C.To see if elephants would run away.D.To find out more about the behavior of bees.解析事实细节题。根据文章第三段中“Lucy found a wild beehive.and set up a recorder”和第四段中“Lucy switched on the prerecorded sound.a v
315、ideo camera.”可知Lucy向野蜂窝扔石头是为了激怒蜜蜂以便录下它们的声音。故选A。答案A4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Young elephants ignore African honeybees.B.Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place.C.Elephants do not go near trees with bees living in them.D.Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct te
316、sts in their fields.解析事实细节题。根据文章第二段“In 2002，scientist Lucy King and her team.living in them”一句，可知大象不敢靠近住有蜜蜂的树。故选C。答案CPassage 12(2014北京)话题：水族馆词数：340Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium (水族馆)The allnew Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium，situated in the heart of Melbournes CBD，is one of Victorias leading visitor attra
317、ctions and an unforgettable outing for the whole family.Having 12 amazing zones of discovery，Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is the very place that you cannot miss when you visit the city.* Opening TimesSea Life Melbourne Aquarium is open from 9：30 am until 6：00 pm every day of the year，including public
318、 holidays.Last admission is at 5：00 pm，one hour before closing.* Location (位置)Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is located on the corner of Flinders Street and King Street，Melbourne.It is situated on the Yarra River，opposite Crown Entertainment Complex.* Getting to Sea Life Melbourne AquariumTrainSea Life
319、 Melbourne Aquarium is a short walk from either Flinders or Southern Cross train stations.Tram(有轨电车)The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium tram stop is located on the free City Circle Tram route (公交线路) and also routes 70 and 75.City Circle trams run every 10 minutes in both directions.Shuttle BusThe Melbou
320、rne City Tourist Shuttle is a free bus service，stopping at key tourist attractions in and around the City.Running daily，every 15 minutes from 10：00 am to 4：00 pm.* Car ParkingWhile there is no public car parking at Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium，there are several public car parking lots available only
321、a short walk away.* Wheelchair AccessSea Life Melbourne Aquarium provides people in wheelchairs with full access to all 12 zones.Each floor also has wheelchair accessible toilets.* TermsTickets will be emailed to you immediately after purchase or you can download and print your ticket once payment h
322、as been accepted.Please print out all tickets purchased and present at the front entrance of Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium.No ticket，no entry!【语篇导读】本文是一篇介绍类应用文，介绍了Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium(水族馆)的开放时间、位置、到达的交通方式、停车场服务、轮椅服务以及条款(主要是门票事宜)等信息。此类文章可以根据题干信息，采用逆读法做题。1.Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium .A.is locate
323、d at the center of the CBD in the cityB.has 12 most attractive places in MelbourneC.admits visitors from 9：30 am until 6：00 pmD.is beside Crown Entertainment Complex解析细节理解题，由文章第一句话 situated in the heart of Melbournes CBD可知，它与选项A：is located at the center of the CBD in the city 是同义句，situated inlocated
324、 in位于。答案A2.Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium，visitors can take .A.trains from Southern Cross train stationB.shuttle buses around the train stationC.boats across the Yarra RiverD.either tram route 70 or 75解析细节理解题。根据题干信息和选项，答案必然在Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium 这段，根据这一段中的Train分段所表达的信息，从Sout
325、hern Cross train stations到水族馆，只需要走walk一小段路即可，因此A不对；B项说的shuttle buses不是在火车站周围，而是in and around the city；C项未提到；D项定位到Tram段落，水族馆就位于Tram公交线路上，且后面明确说到乘坐路线70，75均可，所以选D。答案D3.Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium offers visitors .A.free car parking B.wheelchair accessC.Internet connection D.transportation service解析细节理解
326、题。根据选项关键词，定位到Car Parking，Wheelchair Access和Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium段落。A项未涉及停车场免费与否，不选；B选项段落中明确表达了.provides people in wheelchairs with full access to 12 zones，即提供轮椅通道；C网络未提到；D交通服务，根据前面的Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium段落中可知，需要乘客自行选择，而不是水族馆提供的。答案B4.Tickets to Sea Life Melbourne Aqua
327、rium .A.are free to all visitorsB.can be purchased by emailC.are checked at the entranceD.can be printed at the ticket office解析细节理解题。根据题干Tickets定位到最后一段Terms段落，根据present tickets at the front entrance以及no ticket，no entry可以确定选择C。答案CPassage 13(2014新课标全国)话题：Mark Turin挽救濒临消失的语言词数：332As more and more peopl
328、e speak the global languages of English，Chinese，Spanish，and Arabic，other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact，half of the 6，0007，000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century，according to the United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization
329、(UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss，scholars from a number of organizationsUNESCO and National Geographic among themhave for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin，a scientist at the Macmillan Center，Yale University，who specializes in the lang
330、uages and oral traditions of the Himalayas，is following in that tradition.His recently published book，A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture，grows out of his experience living，working and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Than
331、gmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin，who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India，Nepal，Bhutan，and China.But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Tu
332、rin discovered a wealth of important materialsincluding photographs，films，tape recordings，and field noteswhich had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now，through the two organizations that he has foundedthe Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature ProjectT
333、urin has started a campaign to make such documents，found in libraries and stores around the world，available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet，Turin notes，
334、the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.【语篇导读】本文叙述了学者们正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言。1.Many scholars are making efforts to .A.promote global languagesB.rescue disappearing languagesC.search for language communitiesD.set up language research organizations解析事实细节题。根据文章第二
335、段中“In an effort to prevent.they reflect.”可知学者们正在努力挽救濒临消失的语言。答案B2.What does“that tradition”in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.Having full records of the languages.B.Writing books on language teaching.C.Telling stories about language users.D.Living with the native speakers.解析词义猜测题。根据文章第四段中“But he is not conten
336、t.without record.”可知“that tradition”是指Turin记录语言。故选A。答案A3.What is Turins book based on?A.The cultural studies in India.B.The documents available at Yale.C.His language research in Bhutan.D.His personal experience in Nepal.解析事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“.grows out of his experience living，looking and raising a fami
337、ly in a village in Nepal.”可知Turin的书以其在尼泊尔的个人经历为基础。故选D。答案D4.Which of the following best describes Turins work?A.Write，sell and donate.B.Record，repair and reward.C.Collect，protect and reconnect.D.Design，experiment and report.解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Generations of communities from whom.collected”和“Turin notes
338、 the endangered languages.speech communities.”可知，Turin的工作是“收集，保护和使再接合”，故选C。答案CPassage 14(2014北京)话题：做正确的决定词数：426Choosing the Right Resolution (决定)Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with，a goal of losing weight.However，setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake
339、.To reach our goal of losing weightthe output，we need to control what we eatthe input (输入).That is，we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.This is a bad way to construct goals.The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input.Instead of resolving to lose weight，try an ac
340、tionable resolution：“Ill stop having dessert for lunch，”or“Ill walk every day for 20 minutes.”Creating a goal that focuses on a wellspecified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.Recently a new science behind incentives (激励)，including in education，has been discussed.
341、For example，researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school.In some cases，he gave students incentives based on input，like reading certain books，while in others，the incentives were based on output，like results on exams.His main finding was that ince
342、ntives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output.Fryers conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam，aside from general rules like“study harder.”Reading certain books，on the other
343、 hand，is a wellset task over which they have much more control.As long as you have direct control over your goal，you have a much higher chance of success.And its easier to start again if you fail，because you know exactly what you need to do.If you want to cut down on your spending，a good goal would
344、be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a caf，for example.This is a wellspecified actionbased goal for which you can measure your success easily.Spending less money isnt a goal because its too general.Similarly，if you want to spend more time with your family，dont stop with this general
345、wish.Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to，like a family movie night every Wednesday.In the long run，these new goals could become a habit.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要向大家说明在选择做出正确决定的时候，我们应该关注的是问题的产生以及事件的过程，而不是结果。比如在减肥中，我们应该关注饮食和运动，在教育过程中，应该鼓励孩子多读书，关注学习过程，而不是考试结果。通过这两个例子来论证了做出正确决定的重
346、要性，也就是说，要达到一个目标，必须使你的目标具体，具有可操控性。1.The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because .A.it is hard to achieve for most AmericansB.it is focused too much on the resultC.it is dependent on too many thingsD.it is based on actionable decisions解析细节理解题。根据第一段Setting weight loss as a
347、 goal is a mistake.和第二段的To reach our goal of losing weightthe output，we need to control what we eatthe input (输入).That is，we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.This is a bad way to construct goals.这句即可找出答案。整篇文章都在阐述我们在做决定或寻求问题的解决方案的时候，我们不能从结果的角度入手，而应该从问题的过程或起因入手，对于减肥这个问题，我们应该关
348、注的是我们的饮食以及运动情况，而不是关注我们要减重多少，这种只关注结果的行为是没有效果的。答案B2.In Roland Fryers research，some students did better than the others because .A.they obeyed all the general rulesB.they paid more attention to examsC.they were motivated by their classmatesD.they were rewarded for reading some books解析细节理解题。答案在第三段中，列举了这
349、种关注过程和起因的行为分别在教育中的体现，在Roland Fryer的案例中，孩子们会因为过程中的努力，如读了某些书而受到奖励，而这些孩子所获得的成就要比那些关注结果，即考试考得好会得到奖励的孩子们的收获或成就多。具体信息源在：His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output.一句中。答案D3.According to the writer，which of the following statements i
350、s a good goal?A.“Ill give up dessert.”B.“Ill study harder.”C.“Ill cut down my expenses.”D.“Ill spend more time with my family.”解析细节理解题。只有A选项是将目标放在了事物的进程中，是一个具体的目标，也是一个好目标，而其他选项都只关注了结果。答案A4.The writer strongly believes that we should .A.develop good habits and focus on the outcomeB.be optimistic abou
351、t final goals and stick to themC.pick specific actions that can be turned into good habitsD.set ambitious goals that can balance the input and output解析细节理解题。A，B，D都只关注了final goal 以及outcome，根据倒数第二段可知，C 建议我们坚持细节行为：即一个特殊的目标a wellspecified actionbased goal，形成好的习惯。答案CPassage 15(2014天津)话题：大学指南词数：340A Guide
352、 to the UniversityFoodThe TWU Cafeteria is open 7 am to 8 pm.It serves snacks(小吃)，drinks，ice cream bars and meals.You can pay with cash or your ID cards.You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk.Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria，you can use the tables to eat your lunc
353、h，to have meetings and to study.If you are on campus in the evening or late at night，you can buy snacks，fast food，and drinks in the Lower Caf located in the bottom level of the Douglas Centre.This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts，games or TV watching.RelaxationThe Globe，located
354、in the bottom level of McMillan Hall，is available for relaxing，studying，cooking，and eating.Monthly activities are held here for all international students.Hours are 10 am to 10 pm，closed on Sundays.HealthLocated on the top floor of Douglas Hall，the Wellness Centre is committed to physical，emotional
355、and social health.A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice.The cost of this is included in your medical insurance.Hours are Monday to Friday，9 am to noon and 1：00 to 4：30 pm.Academic SupportAll students have access to the Writing
356、Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall.Here，qualified volunteers will work with you on written work，grammar，vocabulary，and other academic skills.You can sign up for an appointment on the signup sheet outside the door：two 30minute appointments per week maximum.This service is free.TransportationTh
357、e TWU Express is a shuttle(班车) service.The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre，leaving from the Mattson Centre.Operation hours are between 9 am and 3 pm，Saturdays only.Round trip fare is $1.【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用说明文，主要是对某大学的应用指南，文章从饮食、休闲、健康、学习、交通几个方面对该大学的服务场所、设施、开放时间、注意事项等方面进行阐
358、述和说明，以供读者获得所需信息。1.What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?A.Do homework and watch TV.B.Buy drinks and enjoy concerts.C.have meals and meet with friends.D.Add money to your ID and play chess.解析本题考查细节理解。根据第一部分“Food”中第二句“It serves snacks，drinks，ice cream bars and meals.”和第一自然段最后一句“you can use the tables t
359、o eat your lunch，to have meetings and to study.”可知道答案。答案C2.Where and when can you cook your own food?A.The Globe，Friday.B.The Lower Caf，Sunday.C.The TWU Cafeteria，Friday.D.The McMillan Hall，Sunday.解析本题考查细节理解。根据第二部分“Relaxation”可知答案。答案A3.The Guide tells us that the Wellness Centre .A.is open six days
360、a weekB.offers services free of chargeC.trains students in medical careD.gives advice on mental health解析本题考查细节理解。根据第三部分“Health”第一句话：“.the Wellness Centre is committed to physical，emotional and social health.”可知答案。答案D4.How can you seek help from the Writing Centre?A.By applying online.B.By calling th
361、e centre.C.By filling in a signup form.D.By going to the centre directly.解析本题考查细节理解。根据第四部分“Academic Support”中第三句话“You can sign up for an appointment on the signup sheet outside the door.”可知答案。答案C5.What is the function of TWU Express?A.To carry students to the lecture halls.B.To provide students with
362、 campus toursC.To take students to the Mattson Centre.D.To transport students to and from the stores.解析本题考查细节推断。根据第五部分“Transportation”第二句话“The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre，.”可知答案。答案DPassage 16(2014江西)话题：度假村活动词数：411HOLIDAY FUN AT THE POWERHOUSE500 HARRIS STREET U
363、LTIMO TELEPHONE (02)9217 0111Join in the holiday fun at the Powerhouse this month linked to our new exhibition，Evolution & Revolution：Chinese dress 1700s to now.DONT FORGET our other special event，the Club Med Circus School which is part of the Circus(马戏团)！150 years of circus in Australia exhibition
364、 experience!Chinese Folk Dancing：Colorful Chinese dance and musical performances by The Chinese Folk Dancing School of Sydney.Dances include：the Golden stick dance and the Chinese drum dance.A feature will be the Qin Dynasty Emperors court dance.Also included is a show of face painting for Beijing O
365、pera performances.Sunday 29 June and Wednesday 2 July in the Turbine Hall，at 11.30 am & 1.30 pm.Australian Chinese Childrens Arts Theatre：Wellknown childrens play experts from Shanghai lead this dynamic youth group.Performances include Chinese fairy tales and plays.Thursday 3 to Sunday 6 July in the
366、 Turbine Hall，at 11.30 am & 1.30 pm.Chinese Youth League: A traditional performing arts group featuring performance highlights such as the Red scarf and Spring flower dances，and a musician playing Er Hu.Sunday 6 to Tuesday 8 July in the Turbine Hall，11.30 am to 1.30 pm.Kids Activity：Make a Paper Hor
367、se: Young children make a paper horse cutout.(The horse is a frequent theme in Chinese painting，indicating a kind of advancement.) Suitable for ages 812 years.Saturday 28 June to Tuesday 8 July in the Turbine Hall，12.00 pm to 1.00 pm.Club Med Circus School: Learn circus skills，including the trapeze，
368、trampolining and magic.Note only for children over 5.There are 40 places available in each 1 hour session and these must be booked at the front desk，level 4，on the day.Tuesday 1 to Saturday 5 July at 11.30 am & 1.00 pm.Enjoy unlimited free visits and many other benefits by becoming a Family member o
369、f the Powerhouse.Our family memberships cover two adults and all children under the age of 16 years at the one address.Members receive Powerline，our monthly magazine，discounts in the shops and the restaurants，as well as free admission to the Museum.All this for as little as $50，00 a year！Call (02)92
370、17 0600 for more details.【语篇导读】这是一篇实用文体。介绍了度假村the Powerhouse本月举办各类活动的时间、特色及有关事宜。1.When can you watch the Chinese drum dance?A.On July 2. B.On July 3.C.On July 6. D.On July 8.解析细节理解题。根据题干中的“dance”一词可在Chinese Folk Dancing一段中找到“Sunday 29 June and Wednesday 2 July”这一信息。答案A2.To learn the magic tricks，you
371、 can go to .A.Kids ActivityB.Chinese Youth LeagueC.Club Med Circus SchoolD.Childrens Arts Theatre解析细节理解题。由题干中的关键词“magic tricks”在文章倒数第二段找到呼应词magic，该段落对应的即是Club Med Circus School。答案C3.What is required if you want to enjoy free visits to the Museum?A.Calling (02)9217 0600. B.Gaining family membership.C
372、.Coming for the holiday fun.D.Paying Powerline $50.00 a year.解析细节理解题。本题答案源于末段首句。答案B4.What is the main purpose of the text?A.To attract visitors. B.To present schedules.C.To report the performances.D.To teach kids Chinese arts.解析推理判断题。根据文首“DONT FORGET our other special event.”和最后一段“Members receive Po
373、werline，our monthly magazine，discounts in the shops and restaurants，as well as free admission to the museum.”可以推断此文的目的是为了吸引更多的游客到度假村来。答案APassage 17(2014广东) 话题：洋流研究词数：341Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流).Most do it using satellites and other hightech equipment.Ho
374、wever，ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special wayby studying movements of random floating garbage.A scientist with many years experience，he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of t
375、he United States.There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoesabout 60，000 in totalfell into the ocean in a shipping accident.He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wan
376、ted the shoes back.As expected，the company told him that they didnt.Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment.If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed，he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.The Pacific Northwest is one of
377、the worlds best areas for beachcombing(海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here，and as a result，there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area.Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed.In a year he collected reliable
378、information on 1，600 shoes.With this data，he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents，and publish the findings of their study.As the result of his work，Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objec
379、ts found floating in the ocean.He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts，with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand.They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.【语篇导读】本文是说明文，介绍了一种研究洋流的特别方式。1.The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragrap
380、h 1 is closest in meaning to .A.fitting rooms B.trading fairsC.business talks D.group meetings解析词义猜测题。由前面的so many shoes和后面的to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear，特别是sell，可知是建立交易市场，故选B。答案B2.Ebbesmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out .A.what caused the shipping accidentB.when and wh
381、ere the shoes went missingC.whether it was all right to use their shoesD.how much they lost in the shipping accident解析事实细节题。由第二段二、三、四句“He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back.As expected，the company told him that they didnt.Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experim
382、ent”可知，选C。答案C3.How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption?A.By collecting information from beachcombers.B.By studying the shoes found by beachcombers.C.By searching the web for ocean currents models.D.By researching ocean currents data in the library.解析事实细节题。由第三段第二句Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them
383、(serious beachcombers) and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed及其后几句可知，选A，“通过海滩清理者收集信息”。答案A4.Ebbesmeyer is most famous for .A.traveling widely the coastal cities of the worldB.making records for any lost objects on the seaC.running a global currents research as
384、sociationD.phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea解析事实细节题。由第四段第一句Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean可知，选D。答案D5.What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?A.To call peoples attention to ocean po
385、llution.B.To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean.C.To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.D.To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach.解析主旨大意题。文章主题句在第一段，即However，ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special wayby studying movements of random floating garba
386、ge，由此可知选C。答案CPassage 18(2014湖北)话题：宽容的力量词数：397Before I had my son，I spent two years working with children with disabilities.I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster.Coming up against their behaviour could only make the job harder and their behaviour more extreme.I
387、found something that worked，though.There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge of him.One day the boy joined a session in the room next to mine.His appearance created an atmosphere of tension.He spent the entir
388、e session running around，hitting and kicking，and destroying property.I was in the craft room working with some other children when my coworker told me that this boys teacher was in tears，and could not get control of the situation.As we were talking，the boy ran in.I told my coworker that I would take
389、 care of him.I closed the door.He was full of energy，throwing things around and making a huge mess.But I could see that he was doing all these to annoy me.He needed connection，and this was the only way he knew how to ask for it.So I sat back down and kept quiet.Then he slowed down and began making a
390、 rocket.I talked to him about it.We continued like this for a few minutes before I slipped into the conversation：“So what happened today？”It was purely a question，no blame or anger in my tone.I believe that if I had criticized him，the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed.He tol
391、d me that the teacher didnt let him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked.He also admitted that he had enjoyed making her run around and saw it as a game.I explained that his teacher had not seen it as a game and was very upset.This again was stated simply as a fact
392、.I suggested that next time he had a session，he talk about what he hoped to do at the start，which might be easier for everyone.He agreed and was quiet for a moment.Then he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize.【语篇导读】作者通过和一个小男孩相处的故事，
393、告诉我们，大声地批评和恐吓调皮的孩子只能使事情变得更糟糕，给予孩子更多的时间和宽容可以使事情变得好起来。1.The boy made trouble for his teacher because he .A.was accused of destroying propertyB.was told not to yell at other childrenC.was made to do things against his willD.was blamed for creating an air of tension解析细节理解题。根据文中最后一段“He told me that the t
394、eacher didnt let him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked.”可知，老师让他做他不喜欢的事情。答案C2.Why didnt the author do anything about the boys bad behavior at first?A.She didnt want to make it worse.B.She didnt mind the huge mess at all.C.She was tired of shouting and threats.D.S
395、he hadnt thought of a coping strategy.解析细节理解题。根据第四段第2至3行But I could see that he was doing all these to annoy me.He needed connection，and this was the only way he knew how to ask for it.So I sat back down and kept quiet.可知作者一开始不去纠正这个男孩的不良行为是因为这是孩子特有的表达方式，作者要做的不是批评、要求孩子，而是耐心地等孩子平静下来。同时，作者处理这件事的方式与全文主题
396、句I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster相对应。故选A。答案A3.The author managed to get the boy to talk to her by .A.playing games with him B.giving him a good suggestion C.describing his teachers feelings D.avoiding making critical remarks 解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句I believe th
397、at if I had criticized him，the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed.答案为D。答案D4.Why did the boy have tears in his eyes in the end?A.He was sorry about his reputation.B.He was regretful about his behavior.C.He was fearful of the authors warning.D.He was sad for the authors misunde
398、rstanding.解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句Then he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize可知男孩要向老师道歉，为自己之前的行为感到后悔，故选B。答案BPassage 19(2014大纲全国)话题：地铁指南词数：294Metro Pocket GuideMetrorail(地铁)Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out.Up to two
399、children under age five may travel free with a paying customer.Farecard machines are in every station.Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.Get one day of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass.Buy it from
400、a farecard machine in Metro stations.Use it after 9：30 a.m.until closing on weekdays，and all day on weekends and holidays.Hours of serviceOpen：5 a.m.Mon.Fri 7 a.m.SatSun.Close：midnight Sun.Thurs.3 a.m.Fri.Sat.nights Last train times vary.To avoid (避免) missing the last train，please check the last tra
401、in times posted in stations.MetrobusWhen paying with exact change，the fare is $1.35.When paying with a SmarTrip card the fare is $1.25Fares for senior/disabled customersSenior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare.On Metrorail and Metrobus，use a senior/disab
402、led farecard or SmarTrip card.For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards，SmarTrip cards and passes，please visit MetroOpensD or call 2026377000 and 2026378000.Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202
403、9621100.Travel tipsAvoid riding during weekday rush periodsbefore 9：30 a.m.and between 4 and 6 p.m.If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station，please call Lost & Found at 2029621195.【语篇导读】本文题目为地铁袖珍指南。文中详细介绍了一些地铁站的信息。1.What should you know about farecard machines?A.They start selling tick
404、ets at 9：30 a.m.B.They are connected to change machines.C.They offer special service to the elderly.D.They make change for no more than $5.解析事实细节题，根据文章第二段“There are no change machines.up to $5 in change”可知D项正确。答案D2.At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday?A.At midnight. B.At 3 a.m.C.At 5
405、 a.m. D.At 7 p.m.解析事实细节题。根据“Hours of service”中的信息“Close：midnight SunThurs；3a.m.FriSat.nights”可知周六凌晨三点地铁停止服务，故B项正确。答案B3.What is good about a SmarTrip card?A.It is convenient for old people.B.It saves money for its users.C.It can be bought at any time. D.It is sold on the Internet.解析事实细节题。根据“Metrobus”
406、中“When paying with exact.the fare is $1.25”可知使用Smar Trip card可以节省钱。故B项正确。答案B4.Which Number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?A.2029621195 B.2029621100C.2026377000 D.2026378000解析事实细节题。根据文章最后一段中“If you lose something.please call.”可知A项正确。答案APassage 20(2013新课标全国)话题：省钱词数：304Some people w
407、ill do just about anything to save money.And I am one of them.Take my familys last vacation.It was my sixyearold sons winter break from school，and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip.The flight was overbooked，and Delta，the airline，offered us $400 per person in credits to
408、give up our seats and leave the next day.I had meetings in New York，so I had to get back.But that didnt mean my husband and my son couldnt stay.I took my ninemonthold and took off for home.The next day，my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight.Yes，I encouragedokay，ord
409、eredthem to wait it out at the airport to “earn” more Delta Dollars.Our total take: $1，600.Not bad，huh?Now some people may think Im a bad mother and not such a great wife either.But as a bigtime bargain hunter，I know the value of a dollar.And these days，a good deal is something few of us can afford
410、to pass up.Ive made a living looking for the best deals and exposing (揭露) the worst tricks.I have been the consumer reporter of NBCs Today show for over a decade.I have written a couple of books including one titled Tricks of the Trade: A Consumer Survival Guide.And I really do what I believe in.I t
411、ell you this because there is no shame in getting your moneys worth.Im also tightfisted when it comes to shoes，clothes for my children，and expensive restaurants.But I wouldnt hesitate to spend on a good haircut.It keeps its shape longer，and its the first thing people notice.And I will also spend on
412、a classic piece of furniture.Quality lasts.【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。有些人做任何事都会想着如何做才能省钱，作者就是其中一个。在生活花费方面，作者非常善于精打细算，不愿错过一笔好交易，能够理智地消费，认为应该让自己的每一笔钱都花得值。1.Why did Delta give the authors family credits?A.Their flight had been delayed.B.They had early bookings.C.They took a later flight.D.Their flight had been c
413、ancelled.解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“The flight was overbooked，and Delta，the airline，offered us $ 400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day.”可知，由于航班被超额预订，航空公司提出愿意支付每人400美元，条件是放弃当天的座位，乘坐第二天的航班。C项符合题意，故答案选C。答案C2.What can we learn about the author?A.She is very strict with her childre
414、n.B.She seldom makes a compromise.C.She rarely misses a good deal.D.She is interested in cheap products.解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“But as a bigtime bargain hunter，I know the value of a dollar.And these days，a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.”可知，作者在消费方面精打细算，很少错过一笔好交易。因此C项符合题意，而其他选项均与文意明显不符
415、，可排除。故答案选C。答案C3.What does the author do?A.Shes a teacher. B.Shes a housewife.C.Shes a media person. D.Shes a businesswoman.解析细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“I have been the consumer reporter of NBCs Today show for over a decade.”可知，作者已经成为媒体记者十多年了。由此可知，作者的职业应是一名媒体人。故答案选C。 答案C4.What does the author want to tell us?A.H
416、ow to expose bad tricks.B.How to reserve airline seats.C.How to spend money wisely.D.How to make a business deal.解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “Some people will do just about anything to save money.And I am one of them.”以及最后一段中的“I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your moneys worth.”可知，作者是想告诉“我们”
417、如何理智地花钱。故答案选C。答案CPassage 21(2013辽宁)话题：自行车在中国词数：274China is a land of bicycles.At least it was back in 1992 when I traveled the country.Back then everyone seemed to be riding a bicycle.Millions of them，all black.Cars were rare.Yet since my arrival in Beijing last year，Ive found the opposite is true.T
418、here are millions of cars.However，people still use their bicycles to get around.For many，its the easiest and cheapest way to travel today.Bicycles also come in different colorssilver，green，red，blue，yellow，whatever you want.Its fun watching people biking.They rush quickly through crossroads，move skil
419、lfully through traffic，and ride even on sidewalks(人行道).Bicycles allow people the freedom to move about that cars just cant provide.Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture，I decided to buy a bicycle.Great weather accompanied my great buy.I immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and start
420、ed home.My first ride home was orderly (守秩序的).To be safe，I stayed with a “pack” of bikers while cars on the streets came running swiftly out of nowhere at times.I didnt want to get hit.So I took the ride carefully.Crossing the streets was the biggest problem.It was a lot like crossing a major highwa
421、y back in the United States.The streets here were wide，so crossing took time，skill and a little bit of luck.I finally made it home.The feeling on the bicycle was amazing.The air hitting my face and going through my hair was wonderful.I was sitting on top of the world as I passed by places and people
422、.Biking made me feel alive.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了在中国体验骑自行车的美好感觉。1.According to the author，why are bicycles still popular in China today?A.Because they are traditional and safe.B.Because they are convenient and inexpensive.C.Because they are colorful and available.D.Because they are fast and environmen
423、t friendly.解析细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句“For many，its the easiest and cheapest way to travel today.”可知，对于许多中国人来说，自行车是现今出行最简便最便宜的交通方式。故答案选B。答案B2.The author decided to buy a bicycle because he intended .A.to ride it for funB.to use it for transportC.to experience local cultureD.to improve his riding skills解析细节理解
424、题。根据第三段第一句“Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture，I decided to buy a bicycle.”可知，作者想体验中国文化才决定买自行车的。故答案选C。答案C3.How did the author feel about his street crossing?A.It was boring. B.It was difficult.C.It was lively. D.It was wonderful.解析细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句“Crossing the streets was the biggest
425、problem.”可知，过马路是最大的难题。故答案选B。答案B4.Which of the following best describes the authors biking experience?A.The author enjoyed showing off his biking skills.B.The author was annoyed by the air while riding.C.The author was praised by the other bikers.D.The author took great pleasure in biking.解析推理判断题。根据最
426、后一段中的“The feeling on the bicycle was amazing.The air hitting my face and going through my hair was wonderful.Biking made me feel alive.”可知，“我” 骑在自行车上的感觉很好，空气吹在“我”的脸上，穿过“我”的头发感觉特别好，骑车让“我”感觉很有活力。故答案选D。答案DPassage 22(2012四川)话题：网上教学词数：277In a recent announcement，Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of
427、 Technology(MIT) said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide.Beginning this fall，a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new $60 million program，known as edX.“Anyo
428、ne with an Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses，” Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the plan.MIT has offered a program called OpenCourseWare for ten years that makes materials from more than 2，000 classes free online.It has been used by mo
429、re than 100 million people.In December，the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate，known as MITx，for people who complete certain online courses.Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program.The MITx will serve as the foundation for the n
430、ew learning platform.MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120，000 people signed up for the first MITx course.She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the opensource edX platform.“Fasten your seatbelts，” Hockfield said.Other universities，including
431、 Stanford，Yale and CarnegiesMellon，have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online.The HarvardMIT program will be monitored by a notforprofit(非盈利的)organization based in Cambridge，to be owned equally by the two universities.Both MIT and Harvard have provided $30 million to start t
432、he program.They also plan to use the edX platform to research how students learn and which teaching methods and tools are most successful.【语篇导读】哈佛大学和麻省理工学院开发了网上教学课程，并且已经初见成效，网上教学平台的开发，不但可以让更多的人享受到优质大学的教学资源，还可以让研究者们发现一些适合学生的教育方法。1.According to this text，edX is .A.a part of the free MIT OpenCourseWare
433、B.a free computer program by MIT and HarvardC.a HarvardMIT platform of free online coursesD.a free program online for universities worldwide解析细节理解题。根据第一段的信息可知，edX是哈佛大学和麻省理工学院共同开发的一个免费的网上教育课程。故正确答案为C。答案C2.What is said about online education in the text?A.Universities have been trying online courses.B
434、.About 2，000 online courses have been offered.C.Over 100 million people have finished courses online.D.Stanford and Yale together have courses similar to edX.解析细节理解题。根据第七段“Other universities，including Stanford，Yale and CarnegiesMellon，have been experimenting.”可知，选项A正确，D错误；选项B中的about和文中more than不一致；第
435、三段中的“It has been used by more than 100 million people”表明有超过1亿人使用网上课程，但并没说有1亿人完成了网上课程，由此可排除C。故正确答案为A。答案A3.The underlined part in the text probably means “ ”.A.Get ready for the difficultiesB.Get ready for this educational changeC.Get prepared to complete the online coursesD.Get prepared to make mater
436、ials for the edX courses解析 句意理解题。理解四个选项的意思并结合句子所在的语境可知，此处画线句子表示为迎接这种新的教学改革做好准备。故选B。答案B 4.What can be said about MITx according to the text?A.It is first offered as part of the edX learning program.B.It is another free MITHarvard online learning program.C.It is a standard to recognize online learners
437、 achievement.D.It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT.解析细节理解题。根据第四段“The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform.”可知，MIT将被作为一种学习平台的基础标准。故选C。答案C考点三推理判断题Passage 1(2015新课标全国)话题：不一样的冬天词数：353The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time thi
438、s winter，so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota，Florida，my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”.I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C)，thinking of beaches and orange trees.When we touched down to blue skies and warm air，I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness.Swimm
439、ing pools，wine tasting，and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours，not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend，but the best partparticularly to my taste，dulled by months of coldweather root vegetableswas a 7 a.m.adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wakeup
440、call.The market，which was founded in 1979，sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 a.m. to 1 p.m.rain or shine，along North Lemon and State streets.Baskets of perfect red strawberries，the redpainted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck；and most of all，the tomatoes：amazing，large，soft and round red tomat
441、oes.Disappointed by many a broken，vineripened(蔓上成熟的) promise，Ive refused to buy winter tomatoes for years.No matter how attractive they look in the store，once I get them home theyre unfailingly dry，hard，and tasteless.But I homed in，with uncertainty，on one particular table at the Browns Grove Farms s
442、tand，full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist.These were the real dealand at that moment，I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldnt be experiencing again for months.Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight，my h
443、appiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty，a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton，whereluckily for meI was planning to have dinner that very night.Without even seeing the menu，I knew Id be ordering every tomato on it.【语篇导读】这是一篇记叙文。“
444、我”生活在美国东北部的纽约，那儿的冬季实在让人难以忍受。一次去佛罗里达的Sarasota度周末的机会让“我”深切感受到了宜人的气候是多么令人惬意。尤其是那又大、又软又圆的西红柿。1.What did the author think of her winter life in New York?A.Exciting. B.Boring. C.Relaxing. D.Annoying.解析推理判断题。由第一段最后一句“dulled by months of coldweather root vegetables”所提供的信息尤其是dulled一词的意义可以推测纽约寒冷的冬季是令人厌烦的。故答案为
445、B。答案B2.What made the authors getting up early worthwhile?A.Having a swim.B.Breathing in fresh air.C.Walking in the morning sun.D.Visiting a local farmers market.解析事实细节题。根据首段末句可知，让作者最感惬意的事情是逛一逛早七点的农贸市场。因此D项为最佳答案。答案D3.What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?A.They are soft. B.They
446、look nice.C.They taste great. D.They are juicy.解析推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，作者之所以不再购买冬季的西红柿是因为不论商店里的西红柿看起来多么诱人，买到家里就会变得又干又硬，索然无味。故选B项。答案B4.What was the author going to do that evening?A.Go to a farm. B.Check into a hotel.C.Eat in a restaurant. D.Buy fresh vegetables.解析推理判断题。由最后一段所述可知，Browns Grove Farm是新开业的一家餐
447、馆。Jack Dusty是供货方之一。再结合“I was planning to have dinner that very night.”一句可知作者打算去那儿用餐。因此答案为C。答案CPassage 2(2015新课标全国)话题：精神咖啡馆词数：310Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope.This evening，as on every Thursday night，psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of Frances favorite pastimes，coffee dr
448、inking and the “talking cure”.Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.It isnt always easy.The customerssome thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per sessionare quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect.“You are forbidden to say one feels， or
449、people think，”Lehanne told them.“Say I think， Think me.”A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed？It couldnt seem more unFrench.But Lehannes psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself：Its trying to help the citys troubled neighborhood cafes.Over the years，Parisian cafes have falle
450、n victim to changes in the French lifestylelonger working hours，a fastfood boom and a younger generations desire to spend more time at home.Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.Cafes focused around psychology，history，and engineering are catching on，filling tables well into the ev
451、ening.The citys “psychology cafes”，which offer great comfort，are among the most popular places.Middleaged homemakers，retirees，and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love，anger and dreams with a psychologist.And they come to Lehannes group just to learn to say what they feel.“Theres a st
452、rong need in Paris for communication，”says Maurice Frisch a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church.“People have few real friends.And they need to open up.”Lehanne says shed like to see psychology cafes all over France.“If people had normal lives，these cafes woul
453、dnt exist，”she says，“If life werent a battle，people wouldnt need a special place just to speak.”But then，It wouldnt be France.【语篇导读】这是一篇议论文。作者从La Chope咖啡馆的经营特色谈起，介绍了巴黎的一些主题咖啡馆经营理念的变化及其大受欢迎的原因。1.What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?A.Learn a new subject. B.Keep in touch with friends.
454、C.Show off their knowledge. D.Express their true feelings.解析推理判断题。根据短文第一段第二句可知，顾客在这里可以学着与他们内心的真实情感取得联系。亦即将自己的真实情感表达出来。故答案为D。答案D2.How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?A.They are less frequently visited.B.They stay open for longer hours.C.They have bigger night crowds.D.They start to ser
455、ve fast food.解析推理判断题。由第二段“Over the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle.”一句可知，在过去的几年里，巴黎咖啡馆的生意因法国人生活方式的变化而受损。由此可以推断，人们不再那么频繁地光顾咖啡馆了。因此答案为A。答案A3.What are theme cafes expected to do?A.Create more jobs. B.Supply better drinks.C.Save the cafe business. D.Serve the n
456、eighborhood.解析推理判断题。第二段最末两句所传达的信息是：许多主题咖啡馆似乎要改变这种状况。那些聚集心理、历史和工程的咖啡馆大受欢迎，顾客盈门。据此可以判断这些咖啡馆是想通过改变管理理念挽回惨淡的生意。因此答案为C。答案C4.Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?A.They bring people true friendship.B.They give people spiritual support.C.They help people realize their dreams.D.They offer a pl
457、atform for business links.解析推理判断题。根据短文最后一段的前两句可知，料理家务的中年人，退休及失业人员来到这些心理咖啡馆，敞开心扉，与心理专家谈论爱恨情仇，以期获得精神上的支持。offer great comfort(提供慰藉)为解答本题的关键信息。因此答案选B。答案BPassage 3(2015天津)话题：书的魅力词数：407One day when I was 12, my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for
458、the summer.This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange probleminability to read.In the library, I found my way into the “Childrens Room.” I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recent
459、ly had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him.I never forgot my beagle.There on the books cover was a beagle which looked identical(相同的) to my dog
460、.I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover.My eyes ran across the title, Amos, the Beagle with a Plan.Unknowingly, I had read the title.Without opening the book, I borrowed it from the library for the summer.Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos.I read very, very sl
461、owly with difficulty.Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home.That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book.At the end of the story, my mind continued the final
462、 scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together.My mothers call returned me to the real world.I suddenly realized something: I had read a book, and I had loved reading that book.Everyone knew I could not read.But I had read it.Books could be incredibly wo
463、nderful and I was going to read them.I never told my mother about my “miraculous” (奇迹般地) experience that summer, but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year.And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD i
464、n literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction.The power of the words has held.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过自己成功的经历来说明读书可以矫正阅读困难的毛病。1.The authors mother told him to borrow a book in order to .A.encourage him to do more walkingB.let him spend a meaningful summerC.help cure him of his re
465、ading problemD.make him learn more about weapons解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话可知，作者的母亲让作者去借书，目的是帮助他矫正阅读困难的毛病。答案C2.The book caught the authors eye because .A.it contained pretty pictures of animalsB.it reminded him of his own dogC.he found its title easy to understandD.he liked childrens stories very much解析细节理解题
466、。根据第二段后半部分的描述可知，这本书的封皮使作者想起了自己曾经养过的一只猎兔犬。答案B3.Why could the author manage to read the book through?A.He was forced by his mother to read it.B.He identified with the story in the book.C.The book told the story of his pet dog.D.The happy ending of the story attracted him.解析细节判断题。根据第三段第一句话及后文的内容可知，作者认同
467、封面上的狗就是他曾经拥有过的狗，所以他不知不觉地读了起来。答案B4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.The author has become a successful writer.B.The authors mother read the same book.C.The authors mother rewarded him with books.D.The author has had happy summers ever since.解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的.authored his own books, artic
468、les, poetry and fiction可判断出，作者创作了自己的书、文章、诗歌和小说，也就是说他成为了一位成功的作家。答案A5.Which one could be the best title of the passage?A.The Charm of a BookB.Mums Strict OrderC.Reunion with My BeagleD.My Passion for Reading解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是作者通过读书矫正了自己阅读困难的毛病。所以“书的魅力”最适合作本文的标题。答案APassage 4(2015陕西)话题：生还的奇迹词数：295W
469、hen the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life，she did what comes naturally.The fouryearold dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and，being a city animal，lost both her sheep and her sense of direction.Then she ran along the edge of a cliff (悬崖) and fell 100 feet，bounci
470、ng off a rock into the sea.Her owner Mike Holden panicked and called the coastguard of Cornwall，who turned up in seconds.Six volunteers slid down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90minute search.Three days later，a hurricane hit the coast near Cornwa
471、ll.Mr.Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead.He comforted himself with the thought she had died in the most beautiful part of the country.For the next two weeks，the Holdens were heartbroken.Then，one day，the phone rang and Steve Tregear，the coastguard of Cornwall，a
472、sked Holden if he would like his dog back.A birdwatcher，armed with a telescope，found the pet sitting desperately on a rock.While he sounded the alarm, a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.The dog had initially been knocked unconscious (失去知觉的) but had survived by drinking water
473、 from a fresh stream at the base of the cliff.She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge.“The dog was very thin and hungry，”Steve Tregear said.“It was a very lucky dog.She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water，”he added.It was，as Mr.Holden admitted，“a
474、 minor miracle (奇迹)”.【语篇导读】小狗Judy在追赶一只绵羊的过程中掉下了悬崖，所有的人都以为它死了，可是两个星期后，主人被告知它还活着。1.The dog Judy fell down the cliff when she was .A.rescuing her owner B.caught in a hurricaneC.blocked by a rock D.running after a sheep解析细节事实题。根据第一段的信息可以知道，Judy在追赶它平生遇到的第一只绵羊的时候迷失了方向，掉下了悬崖。答案D2.Who spotted Judy after the
475、 accident?A.A birdwatcher. B.A student from Leeds.C.Six volunteers. D.The coastguard of Cornwall.解析细节事实题。根据倒数第三段的第一句话，可以看出一位拿着望远镜的观鸟者发现了Judy。答案A3.What can we infer from the text?A.People like to travel with their pets.B.Judy was taken to the fields for hunting.C.Luck plays a vital role in Judys surv
476、ival.D.Holden cared little where Judy was buried.解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的信息可以知道，Judy最初失去了知觉，但是苏醒之后，他依靠悬崖下的一条小溪里的水存活，也许还吃掉了同样不慎落下悬崖的一只羊，但是能够存活两个星期，它的确是很幸运。C项正确。B项中说Judy是被带到乡下打猎的，文章中没有提及，Judy追赶绵羊，是天性使然，根据文中的第一句she did what comes naturally可知。答案C4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Mira
477、cle of the Coastguard.B.Surviving a Hurricane.C.Dangers in the Wild.D.Coming Back from the Dead.解析标题概括题。本文描写一只小狗Judy在掉下悬崖后，奇迹般生还的故事，只有D项 Coming Back from the Dead从死亡线上生还最为贴切。答案DPassage 5(2015福建)话题：父亲的教育词数：412Papa, as a son of a dirtpoor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for ed
478、ucation was for the rich then.So, the world became his school.With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown.“Theres so much to learn，” hed say.“Though were born stupid, only the stupid remain that w
479、ay.” He was determined that none of his children would be denied (拒绝) an education.Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day.Though, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request.And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing wh
480、at we had learned.We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly.Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment, always to the point.Then came the momentthe time to share the days new learning.Papa, at the head of the table, would push b
481、ack his chair and pour a glass of red wine, ready to listen.“Felice，” hed say, “tell me what you learned today.”“I learned that the population of Nepal is.”Silence.Papa was thinking about what was said, as if the salvation(拯救) of the world would depend upon it.“The population of Nepal.Hmm.Well .” he
482、d say.“Get the map; lets see where Nepal is.” And the whole family went on a search for Nepal.This same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn.Dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts.As children, we thought very little about these
483、 educational wonders.Our family, however, was growing together, sharing experiences and participating in one anothers education.And by looking at us, listening to us, respecting our input, affirming(肯定) our value, giving us a sense of dignity, Papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher.Lat
484、er during my training as a future teacher，I studied with some of the most famous educators.They were imparting(传授) what Papa had known all alongthe value of continual learning.His technique has served me well all my life.Not a single day has been wasted, though I can never tell when knowing the popu
485、lation of Nepal might prove useful.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，作者回忆了自己的父亲，因为家境贫穷而中途辍学，但是父亲却以自己的方式对子女进行教育，不让他们失去教育的机会，对作者一生产生了深远影响。1.What do we know from the first paragraph?A.The authors father was born in a workers family.B.Those born stupid could not change their life.C.The town elders wanted to learn about th
486、e world.D.The poor could hardly afford school education.解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段的描述，特别是第一段的第一句话，.for education as for the rich then.可知当时的穷人上不起学。答案D2.The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “ ”.A.one new thing B.a requestC.the news D.some comment解析词义猜测题。根据上文中的We would talk about the news of
487、 the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly.我们吃饭的时间就谈论当天的新闻，无论它有多么微不足道，它都不会被等闲视之。可以看出，it指的是news。答案C3.It can be learned from the passage that the author .A.enjoyed talking about newsB.knew very well about NepalC.felt regret about those wasted daysD.appreciated his fathers educat
488、ional technique解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的描述，在父亲的坚持下，我们的家庭凝聚力更强了。通过分享，肯定我们自己的价值，给我们尊严感，父亲无疑是我们最有影响力的老师，可以看出作者十分欣赏父亲的教育方式。答案D4.What is the greatest value of “dinner time” to the author?A.Continual learning.B.Showing talents.C.Family gettogether.D.Winning Papas approval.解析根据最后一段可以知道，作者父亲和许多著名的教育专家、教授的学习方式是一样的即晚餐
489、时间的“终身学习”。答案A5.The authors father can be best described as .A.an educator expert at training future teachersB.a parent insistent on his childrens educationC.a participant willing to share his knowledgeD.a teacher strict about everything his students did解析根据最后一段的描述，作者父亲的教育方式使他终身受用，可见Papa是一位对孩子的教育影响很深
490、的父亲。答案选B。答案BPassage 6(2015湖南)话题：灯塔管理员的故事词数：356Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly? Imagine having your entire house, garage, and yard inspected at any timewith no warning. Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse (灯塔) living, and a keepers reputation dep
491、ended on the results. A few times each year, an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station. The inspections were supposed to be a surprise, but keepers sometimes had advance notice.Once lighthouses had telephones, keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching.
492、 After boats began flying special flags noting the inspector was aboard, the keepers family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first. As soon as someone spotted the boat, everyone would do lastminute tidying and change into fancy clothes. The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uni
493、form and cap. Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust.Despite the serious nature of inspections, they resulted in some funny moments. Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the
494、dishes before an inspection. At the time, people did not have dishwashers in their homes. In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs. Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth and stuck them in the oven. If the inspector opened the oven door, it would look like bread wa
495、s baking. He never did.One day, Glenn Fursts mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered their house. Like floor wax, the oil made the floors shiny and helped protect the wood.This time, though, she used a little too much oil. When the inspector extended his hand to greet G
496、lenns mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. “He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight，” Glenn later wrote. After he steadied himself, he shook Glenns mothers hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.【语篇导读】灯塔管理员时刻面临着被检
497、查的命运。这些检查是突然袭击，但是他们也找到了许多应对的办法，还发生了许多有趣的故事。1.What does Paragraph 1 tell us about the inspection at the light station?A.It was carried out once a year.B.It was often announced in advance.C.It was important for the keepers fame.D.It was focused on the garage and yard.解析考查细节理解。根据第一段a keepers reputation
498、 depended on the results.可知检查结果会影响到管理员的声誉。答案C2.The family began making preparations immediately after .A.one of the members saw the boatB.a warning call reached the lighthouseC.the keeper put on the dress uniform and capD.the inspector flew special flags in the distance解析考查细节理解。根据第二段As soon as someo
499、ne spotted the boat, everyone would do lastminute tidying.可知一有人看到检查员乘坐的船，全家人都会马上开始做最后时刻的突击打扫。答案A3.Mrs. Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would .A.result in some funB.speed up washing themC.make her home look tidyD.be a demand from the inspector 解析考查推理判断。根据第三段可知，Mrs.Byrnes没有足够的时间洗完所有的盘子，
500、为了提高整理房间的速度，她把盘子放在了炉子里。答案C4.If the inspector had opened the oven door, he would have seen . A.an empty panB.many clean dishesC.pieces of baked breadD.a cloth covering something解析考查推理判断。根据第三段，炉子里的东西是没洗完的盘子，上面用一块布盖着。答案D5.The inspector waved his arms .A.to try his best to keep steadyB.to show his satis
501、faction with the floorC.to extend a warm greeting to Glenns motherD.to express his intention to continue the inspection解析考查推理判断。根据最后一段He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight. 和after he steadied himself可知他为了保持平衡，挥舞着手臂划过地板，像一只开始学飞的小鸟。答案APassage 7(2014四川)
502、话题：男性和女性的差异词数：329Women are friendly.But men are more competitive.Why？Researchers have found its all down to the hormone oxytocin(荷尔蒙催生素).Although known as the love hormone，it affects the sexes differently.“Women tend to be social in their behavior.They often share with others.But men tend to be comp
503、etitive.They are trying to improve their social status，”said Professor Ryan.Generally，people believe that the hormone exytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions(互动)such as falling in love or giving birth.
504、But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships，but in women it raises the ability to
505、 recognize friendship.Professor Ryans recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37.Half of the participants(参与者)received oxytocin.The other half received placebo(安慰剂).After a week，the two groups switched with participants.They went through the same procedure with the other material.Followin
506、g each treatment，they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions.Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions.The questions were about telling friendship from competition.And their answers should be based on gestures，body language and facial ex
507、pressions.The results indicated that，after treatment with oxytocin，mens ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved，but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.Professor Ryan thus concluded：“Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin c
508、an raise peoples abilities to better distinguish different social interactions.And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors(因素)that are mainly hormonal.”【语篇导读】这是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，男女性格的差异是由一种叫作“爱情荷尔蒙”荷尔蒙催生素决定的。这种催生素作用于男性时会使他们识别竞争关系的能力增强，而作用于女性时则会提升她们辩识友情的能力。1.What ca
509、uses men and women to behave differently according to the text?A.Placebo. B.Oxytocin.C.The gesture. D.The social status.解析事实细节题。短文开头的“.its all down to the hormone oxytocin.”这句话正是答题的依据。答案B2.What can we learn from Professor Ryans previous experiment?A.Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way.B
510、.Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.C.Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others success.D.Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand peoples behavior differences.解析推理判断题。第四段的意思是“在像忌妒这样的负面社交互动中，人体也会产生催生素。”选项C中的when we feel unhappy about others success与envy含义相近。故
511、答案为C。答案C3.Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment?A.To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions.B.To know the differences between friendship and competition.C.To know peoples different abilities to answer questions.D.To test peoples understanding of bo
512、dy language.解析事实细节题。由短文最后一段Professor Ryan说的这段话可知答案。答案A4.The author develops the text by .A.explaining peoples behaviorsB.describing his own experiencesC.distinguishing sexual differencesD.discussing research experiments解析归纳总结题。为了说明荷尔蒙催生素对男女的影响，作者先是谈到积极的社交互动，然后提及消极的社交互动，最后又说到通过62人做的对比实验。以上研究均以实验结果为依据
513、，因此答案为D。答案DPassage 8(2014天津)话题：远距离签名词数：368A worldfamous Canadian author，Margaret Atwood，has created the worlds first longdistance signing device(装置)，the LongPen.After many tiring booksigning tours from city to city，Atwood thought there must be a better way to do them.She hired some technical experts
514、 and started her own company in 2004.Together they designed the LongPen.Heres how it works：The author writes a personal message and signature on a computer tablet(手写板) using a special pen.On the receiving end，in another city，a robotic arm fitted with a regular pen signs the book.The author and fan c
515、an talk with each other via webcams(网络摄像机) and computer screens.Work on the LongPen began in Atwoods basement(地下室).At first，they had no idea it would be as hard as it turned out to be.The device went through several versions，including one that actually had smoke coming out of it.The inventing finall
516、y completed，test runs were made in Ottawa，and the LongPen was officially launched at the 2006 London Book Fair.From here，Atwood conducted two transatlantic book signings of her latest book for fans in Toronto and New York City.The LongPen produces a unique signature each time because it copies the m
517、ovement of the author in real time.It has several other potential applications.It could increase credit card security and allow people to sign contracts from another province.The video exchange between signer and receiver can be recorded on DVD for proof when legal documents are used.“Its really fun
518、，” said the owner of a bookstore，who was present for one of the test runs.“Obviously you cant shake hands with the author，but there are chances for a connection that you dont get from a regular book signing.”The response to the invention hasnt been all favorable.Atwood has received criticism from au
519、thors who think shes trying to end book tours.But she said，“It will be possible to go to places that you never got sent to before because the publishers couldnt afford it.”【语篇导读】由于对于长期亲笔签名的疲惫，世界著名的作家，加拿大的Margaret Atwood 发明了一种可以使人不必亲自到场，远距离也可签名的装置the LongPen.本文介绍了它的工作原理、使用方法和各种功能，包括一些潜在的功用以及人们对该发明的评价
520、。1.Why did Atwood decide to invent the LongPen?A.To set up her own company.B.To win herself greater popularity.C.To write her books in a new way.D.To make book signings less tiring.解析细节理解题。根据第二自然段第一句话“After many tiring booksigning tours from city to city，Atwood thought there must be a better way to
521、do them.”可知，Atwood是疲于应付各种各样的签名售书活动才有了发明该装置的想法。答案D2.How does the LongPen work?A.It copies the authors signature and prints it on a book.B.It signs a book while receiving the authors signature.C.The webcam sends the authors signature to another city.D.The fan uses it to copy the authors signature hims
522、elf.解析归纳总结题。文章第二自然段第四至六句话“Heres how it works.”详细讲解了该装置的工作原理。答案B3.What do we know about the invention of the LongPen?A.It has been completed but not put into use.B.The basement caught fire by accident.C.Some versions failed before its test run.D.The designers were wellprepared for the difficulty.解析细节
523、推断题。根据文章第三自然段第三句话“The device went through several versions，including one that actually had smoke coming out of it.”可知在该检测进行前也曾经历过失败。答案C4.How could the LongPen be used in the future?A.To draft legal documents.B.To improve credit card security.C.To keep a record of the authors ideas.D.To allow author
524、and fan to exchange videos.解析细节理解题。根据文章第四自然段第三句话“It could increase credit card security and allow people to sign contracts from another province.”可知该装置在将来可以提高信用卡的安全性。答案B5.What could be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6?A.Atwood doesnt mean to end book tours.B.Critics think the LongPen is of little us
525、e.C.Bookstore owners dont support the LongPen.D.Publishers dislike the LongPen for its high cost.解析推理判断题。文章第五、六自然段主要陈述该装置和本人亲自签名均有各自不同的利弊，而Atwood也因为发明该装置被一些作家认为她将结束作家们的签名旅行而受到抱怨，她特意做出解释，可知她的初衷并非完全终结作家们的签名之旅。答案APassage 9(2014福建)话题：风能发电机词数：359As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe，few
526、 issues cause greater concern than energy policy.Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the powerproducing machines of wind farms；yet they never take“direct action”，even though the planning laws put them at a severe disadvantage.And the generous subsidies (财政补贴)，which enc
527、ourage the expansion of wind power，are not favorable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents (居民).Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the damage they cause is out of proportion(比例) to the benefits they bring，because their energy
528、 output cannot match that of the carbonbased power stations they are supposed to replace.Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables，nuclear and carbon，and that the country is committed to meeting EU (European Union) targets for noncarbon energy generation.Against this background
529、，the fact that there is an argument within the government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary.The two parties in the coalition (联合) government are in disagreement over what it should say.We have some advice for the two pa
530、rties：publish the report，and let the country be the judge.Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful，it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them.Equally，supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced
531、or worthy of much attention.The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an“acceptable”report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way.Given the sensitivities involved，all the information should be available so that peopl
532、e can reach their own conclusions，rather than being left with the suspicion(猜疑)that facts are being replaced by political beliefs.【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了风能发电机给当地村民带来的危害，然而他们却没有采取“直接行动”1.We can learn from the first paragraph that .A.energy policy catches much attention of the publicB.the residents are in
533、 favor of the expansion of wind farmsC.many village communities are satisfied with the subsidiesD.the planning laws offer great benefits to the residents解析事实细节题。根据第一段的few issues cause greater concern than energy policy可知能源政策最能引起公众的注意，故选A项。答案A2.Supporters think that the expansion of wind power .A.is
534、more rapid than that of carbonbased powerB.guarantees an increase in energy outputC.is expected to be much better than that of nuclear powerD.agrees with EU targets for noncarbon energy generation解析事实细节题。根据Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables，nuclear and carbon，and that th
535、e country is committed to meeting EU targets for noncarbon energy generation，故选D项。答案D3.It can be inferred from the passage that .A.an official report will settle the energy problemB.the two parties are divided over the issue of wind farms C.the two parties have agreed on a further negotiationD.polit
536、ical beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts解析推理判断题。根据第三段可知，两个党派对于风力发电场这个事件产生分歧，故选B项。答案B4.Which of the following reflects the authors opinion?A.Increase political impact on energy policy.B.Release a statement of supporters on wind farms.C.Let the nation judge the facts about wind power.D.Le
537、ave the two parties to reach their own conclusions.解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的后两句话可知作者的观点是让人民来判断风能的这些事实，故选C项。答案CPassage 10(2014广东)话题：灯塔自愿者词数：351Like many new graduates，I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do.My degree，with honors，in English literature had not r
538、eally prepared me for anything practical.I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow，but I had no idea how to do that.Thats when I learned about the Lighthouse Project.I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous
539、 volunteers.I knew it would be a lot of hard work，and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time.In short，I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly.Neither did my family.Eventually，however，I won the support of my family，and I sent in all the pap
540、erwork needed for application.After countless interviews and presentations，I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone.Several months later，I finally received a call asking me to report for duty.I would be going to a small village near Abuja，Nigeria.Where？What？Nigeria？I ha
541、d no idea.But I was about to find out.After completing my training，I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation.Though the local villagers were poor，they offered their homes，hearts，and food as if I were their own family.I was asked to lead a small team of
542、local people in building a new schoolhouse.For the next year or so，I taught in that same schoolhouse.But I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me.Sometime during that period，I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did，thou
543、gh I did not get anywhere with the local language，and I returned to the United States a different man.The Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever.【语篇导读】本文作者叙述的是自己申请叫做灯塔计划的志愿者工作的过程和被选作志愿者后去阿布加附近的一个小村庄工作的经历，这段经历让作者学到了许多，改变了人生。1.What do we know about the author?A.His university education focused
544、 on theoretical knowledge.B.His dream at university was to become a volunteer.C.He took pride in having contributed to the world.D.He felt honored to study English literature.解析事实细节题。由第一段第二句“My degree，with honors，in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical”可知，作者的大学教育注重的是理
545、论知识，选A。答案A2.According to Paragraph 2，it is most likely that the author .A.discussed his decision with his familyB.asked previous volunteers about voluntary workC.attended special training to perform difficult tasksD.felt sad about having to leave his family and friends解析推理判断题。由第二段最后一句In short，I did
546、not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly.Neither did my family(总之，我并不是轻易决定申请灯塔计划的，我的家人也一样不是轻易决定的)和第三段首句Eventually，however，I won the support of my family(然而，最后我赢得了家人的支持)可以推断出，作者是同家人讨论商量过的。答案A3.In his application for the volunteer job，the author .A.participated in many discussi
547、onsB.went through challenging survival testsC.wrote quite a few papers on voluntary workD.faced strong competition from other candidates解析推理判断题。由第二段的第二句“After countless interviews and presentations，I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone”可推知，作者面临了与其他候选人的激烈竞争。故选D。答案D 4.
548、On arrival at the village，the author was .A.asked to lead a farming team B.sent to teach in a schoolhouseC.received warmly by local villagers D.arranged to live in a separate house解析事实细节题。由第四段Though the local villagers were poor，they offered their homes，hearts，and food as if I were their own family可
549、知，一到达那个村庄时，他受到村民的热情接待，故选C。文中信息具体，正确选项是对其概括。答案C5.What can we infer from the authors experiences in Nigeria?A.He found some difficulty adapting to the local culture.B.He had learned to communicate in the local language.C.He had overcome all his weaknesses before he left for home.D.He was chosen as the
550、 most respectable teacher by his students.解析推理判断题。由最后一段第一句all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did(他当初觉得奇怪或不寻常的所有事情现在都不再觉得奇怪了)可推断，已适应了，但当初不适应时要适应这些，是有困难的，故选A。答案APassage 11(2014湖北)话题：迷人的海滩词数：424Youve flown halfway around the world；youve sniffed out this place that no
551、body in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of；so what on earth is there to do here？You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand.It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee.By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sor
552、ted out，it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin，about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok，down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand.Not many tourists find this place，and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.Ther
553、es an apparent laziness that surrounds you here.Its what this place offers，and its free of charge.The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down.You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest.You sit there and watch the sea.Its early afternoon，so the cook comes
554、out and asks what youd like to eat this evening.Before long hes rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you orderedevery meal fresh and to order.No menu here.There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm，clear blue sea.Theres no street noise.The only
555、 sounds are the murmurs of nature.For now you just count your blessings (福祉)，listing them in the sand with your toe (脚趾).You dont have to worry about being late for work.You dont have to do anything.The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon (地平线)，slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re
556、emerge again on your left，now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you.Sand to your left and sand to your right；its unbroken，endless.No start，no end，just sand，sun，and peace.Step off it，and you reenter the world of traffic，stress，work，and hurry.Normally youre the type who cant sit stil
557、l for more than ten minutes，but youre on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and，in the right frame of mind，it stretches all the way around the world.“How could it take me so long to find it？”you wonder.【语篇导读】文章描述了 Huaplee Beach的大体位置、饮食和在这里度过的美好时光。1.When the author first went to Huaplee Beach， .A.he found it unw
558、orthwhileB.he failed to sort himself outC.he became sensitive to smellD.he had difficulty in finding it解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段It was a long journey.it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland，第三段第二句Not many tourists find this place.可知这个地方不好找，作者找到这个地方耗时很长，因此答案为D。答案D2.What is special about the food s
559、ervice at Huaplee Beach?A.No menu. B.Free food.C.Self service. D.Quick delivery.解析细节理解题。第五段文章涉及饮食，根据该段最后一句No menu here 可知答案为A。答案A3.In the authors opinion，a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most when he .A.sits in a beach chairB.forgets his daily routineC.plans a detailed scheduleD.draws pictures in t
560、he sand解析推理判断题。文章第七段：For now you just count your blessings ，listing them in the sand with your toe.You dont have to worry about being late for work.You dont have to do anything，和第八段：No start，no end，just sand，sun，and peace.都描述了在Huaplee Lazy Beach享受的美好时光。但第八段的最后一句Step off it，and you reenter the world
561、of traffic，stress，work and hurry，一旦走出这里，人们又要回到日常生活中，面临工作、交通、压力和快节奏的生活，而要享受Huaplee Beach则需要暂时抛开这些，即答案为B。答案B4.What does the author imply by his question at the end of the passage?A.He shouldnt have counted his blessings.B.He should have understood the wonder of nature.C.He shouldnt have spent so much
562、time on the trip.D.He should have come to the place earlier.解析推理判断题。根据最后一句：“How could it take me so long to find it？”结合全篇文章所讲的在Huaplee Lazy Beach旅游的舒适惬意，可知作者是在感叹自己应该早点来到这里的。因此答案为D。答案DPassage 12(2014山东)话题：热天的回忆词数：316It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore.Needless to say，it was too hot to
563、do anything outside.But it was also scorching in our apartment.This was 1962，and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years.So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace indoors.He suggested we could see a movie.It was a brilliant plan.Movie thea
564、ters were one of the few places you could sit all day andmost importantsit in air conditioning.In those days，you could buy one ticket and sit through two movies.Then，the theater would show the same two movies again.If you wanted to，you could sit through them twice.Most people did not do that，but the
565、 manager at our theater, Mr.Bellow，did not mind if you did.That particular day，my brother and I sat through both movies twice，trying to escape the heat.We bought three bags of popcorn and three sodas each.Then，we sat and watched The Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance.Wed already
566、seen the second movie once before.It had been at the theater since January，because Mr.Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it.We left the theater around 8，just before the evening shows began.But we returned the next day and saw the same two movies again，twice more.And we did it the next day too.
567、Finally，on the fourth day，the heat wave broke.Still，to this day I can sing half the songs in The Music Man and recite half of John Wayne and Jimmy Stewarts dialogue from The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance！Those memories are some of the few I have of the heat wave of 1962.Theyre really memories of the
568、screen，not memories of my life.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，记述了“我”对以前“热天”里的生活回忆。1.In which year did the author first live in a place with an air conditioner?A.1952. B.1962. C.1972. D.1982.解析事实细节题。根据第一段“This was 1962，and.for another ten years.”可知。答案C2.What does the underlined word“It”in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.The
569、heat.B.The theater.C.The Music Man.D.The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance.解析词义猜测题。根据第三段Wed already seen the second movie once before，因此“it”指上句中的第二部电影。答案D3.What do we know about Mr.Bellow?A.He loved children very much.B.He was a fan of John Wayne.C.He sold air conditioners.D.He was a movie star.解析推理判断题。第
570、三段中最后一句提到第二部电影，The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance自从一月份就开始在剧院上映，是因为Bellow先生喜欢关于在该电影出演的John Wayne的一切，由此可推断Bellow先生是Wayne的粉丝。答案B4.Why did the author and his/her brother see the same movies several times?A.The two movies were really wonderful.B.They wanted to avoid the heat outside.C.The manager of the th
571、eater was friendly.D.They liked the popcorn and the soda at the theater.解析推理判断题。根据文章第二、三段可知，作者与他的哥哥为了避暑而重复地看电影。答案B5.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A.The author turned out to be a great singer.B.The author enjoyed the heat wave of 1962.C.The authors life has been changed by the two movies.
572、D.The author considers the experience at the theater unforgettable.解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句话可以推断出答案。答案DPassage 13(2014湖南) 话题：能源的使用词数：353The behaviour of a buildings users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use，according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UK
573、ERC).The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放)by 80 percent by 2050，part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zerocarbon by 2016.But this report shows that sustainable building design on its ownthough extremely importantis not enough to achieve such reductions：the behaviour of
574、the people using the building has to change too.The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency (效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.Technology is going to assist b
575、ut it is not going to do everything，explains Katy Janda，a UKERC senior researcher，consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.In other words，old habits die hard，even in the bestdesigned ecohome.Another part of the problem is information.Households and billpayers dont ha
576、ve the knowledge they need to change their energyuse habits.Without specific information，its hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices.Feedback (反馈) facilities，like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing th
577、eir behaviour directly affects their energy use；some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.Social science research has added a further dimension (方面)，suggesting that individuals behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predictedw
578、hether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat (恒温器)，for example.Janda argues that education is the key.She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.【语篇导读】本文是一篇科普说明文，讲到能源使用的问题，建筑物的使用者的行为至少和它的设计是一样的重要，文章通过列举研究发现的结论及相关研究
579、者的评论，说明人们家庭对于能源的消费量直接影响我们的生活环境的质量。1.As to energy use，the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of .A.zerocarbon homesB.the behaviour of building usersC.sustainable building designD.the reduction of carbon emissions解析推理判断题。根据文章首句The behaviour of a buildings users may be at least as importan
580、t as its design when it comes to energy use，可知英国能源研究中心的研究表明了人们行为举止对环境的重要性，故选B。答案B2.The underlined word“which”in Paragraph 2 refers to “ .”A.the ways B.their homesC.developments D.existing efforts解析词义猜测题。该句是非限制性定语从句，which是引导词，其先行词是existing efforts，故选D。答案D3.What are Katy Jandas words mainly about?A.Th
581、e importance of changing building users habits.B.The necessity of making a careful building design.C.The variety of consumption patterns of building users.D.The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.解析推理判断题。根据第三自然段中的consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful desig
582、n.一句可知专家强调改变人们的家庭生活习惯的重要性，故选A。答案A4.The information gap in energy use .A.can be bridged by feedback facilitiesB.affects the study on energy monitorsC.brings about problems for smart metersD.will be caused by building users old habits解析细节理解题。根据第四自然段中的Feedback (反馈) facilities，like smart meters and ener
583、gy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use；可知本题选A，此处bridge 是名词用作动词，“为搭建桥梁，沟通”之意。答案A5.What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?A.The social science research is to be furthered.B.The ed
584、ucation programme is under discussion.C.The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.D.The behaviour preference of building users is similar.解析本题考查细节理解。根据第五自然段的首句Social science research has added a further dimension (方面)，suggesting that individualsbehaviour in the home can be personal and cannot
585、 be predicted可知人们在家庭的行为活动是不可预知的，故选C。答案CPassage 14(2014四川)话题：冒险经历词数：332In 1943，when I was 4，my parents moved from Coeur dAlene，Idaho，to Fairbanks，Alaska，where adventure was never very far away.We arrived in the summer，just in time to enjoy the midnight sun.All that sunlight was fantastic for Moms veg
586、etable garden.Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off，so she didnt care much about my bedtime.Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk.That left me in a mess.I usually managed to find some trouble to get into.Once I had a little fire going in the dirt basement o
587、f a hotel.I had tried to light a barrel(桶)of paint but couldnt really get a good fire going.The smoke got pretty bad，though，and when I made my exit，a crowd and the police were there to greet me.The policemen took my matches and drove me home.Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the p
588、olice to keep me，and they did！I had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued me.I hadnt turned 5 yet.As I entered kindergarten，the serious cold began to set in.Would it surprise you to know that I soon left part of my tongue on a metal handrail at school?As for Leonhard Seppala，famous as a dog sledde
589、r(驾雪橇者)，I think I knew him well because I was taken for a ride with his white dog team one Sunday.At the time I didnt realize what a superstar he was，but I do remember the ride well.I was wrapped(包裹)heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather.In 1950，we moved back to Coeur dAlen
590、e，but we got one more Alaskan adventure when Leonhard invited us eight years later by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a gathering of former neighbors of Alaska.【语篇导读】这是一篇记叙文，作者回顾了儿时在阿拉斯加的冒险经历：由于父母无暇照顾作者，他差点因点燃一个油漆桶而酿成大祸。1.What can be inferred about the authors family?A.His father was a cruel man.B
591、.His parents didnt love him.C.His parents used to be very busy.D.His mother didnt have any jobs.解析推理判断题。根据第三段首句可知父母都要上班。而“That left me in a mess.”的意思是“这让我处于混乱状态。”由此可以推断父母工作繁忙，没时间照管孩子。答案C2.What happened when the author was 4?A.He learned to smoke.B.He was locked in a basement.C.He was arrested by the
592、 police.D.He nearly caused a fire accident.解析事实细节题。作者在前四段讲述的就是在地下室点火的事，那是他4岁时搬到阿拉斯加之后发生的。故选D。答案D3.Which of the following is true?A.Leonhard was good at driving dog sleds.B.The author spent his whole childhood in Alaska.C.Leonhard often visited the authors family after 1950.D.The author suffered a lo
593、t while taking the dog sled in Alaska.解析事实细节题。由第六段可知里昂哈德是一位以驾驶雪橇而出名的人。由此可知A项正确。答案A4.What is the authors purpose of writing the text?A.To look back on his childhood with adventures.B.To describe the extreme weather of Alaska.C.To express how much he misses Leonhard.D.To show off his pride in making t
594、rouble.解析推理判断题。作者回忆的在阿拉斯加的几件冒险经历都是发生在童年时期的。因此答案为A。短文并没有体现出C、D两项的意思，而B项仅是短文描述的一个细节，并非作者的写作意图。答案APassage 15(2013陕西)话题：儿子会双语词数：346About 30 years ago，I left Cuba for the United States with my son.After getting settled finally in Brunswick，New Jersey，I enrolled(注册) my son in kindergarten.Several weeks la
595、ter，my sons teacher asked me to meet him at his office.In the teachers office，and exchange of greetings was followed by his questions: “Is your son mentally retarded(弱智的)？Does he suffer from any kind of mental disability？”Was he talking about my wonderful Scola? No，no，it cant be.What a helpless，lone
596、ly moment! I told him that Scola was a quiet，sweet little boy，instead.I asked him why he was asking me all these questions.My son could not follow the teachers directions，he told me，and thus，Scola was disrupting the class.Didnt he know my son did not speak English yet?He was angry：“Why hasnt your so
597、n been taught to speak English? Dont you speak English at home？”No，I didnt speak English at home，I replied.I was sure my son would learn English in a couple of months，and I didnt want him to forget his native language.Well，wrong answer! What kind of person would not speak in English to her son at ho
598、me and at all time? “Are you one of those people who come to this country to save dollars and send them back to their country，never wanting to be a part of this society？”Needless to say，I tried to tell him I was not one of “those people.” Then he told me the meeting was over，and I left.As I had expe
599、cted，my son learned to speak English fluently before the school year was over.He went on to graduate from college and got a job，earning close to six figures.He travels widely and leads a welladjusted，contented life.And he has benefited from being bilingual(双语的).Speaking more than one language allows
600、 people to communicate with others；it teaches people about other cultures and other placessomething very basic and obviously lacking in the “educator” I met in New Jersey.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要回忆了自己在教育孩子方面和任课老师之间发生的一个小插曲，旨在说明孩子在学会当地语言的同时，也不应忘记学习自己的母语。1.The teacher asked the author to his office .A.to d
601、iscuss Scolas inclass performanceB.to get Scola enrolled in kindergartenC.to find a language partner for ScolaD.to work out a study plan for Scola解析推理判断题。根据第二段老师在办公室里问“我”的问题“Is your son mentally retarded(弱智的).”以及第四段第一句“My son could not.disrupting the class.”可知，A项正确。 答案A2.What does the underlined wor
602、d “disrupting” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Breaking. B.Following.C.Attending. D.Disturbing.解析词义猜测题。由语境可知，“我”儿子没有遵守老师的指令，因此老师认为“我”儿子上课“捣乱”。故D项正确。答案D3.The authors attitude towards being bilingual may best be described as .A.critical B.casualC.positive D.passive解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“As I had expected，my s
603、on learned to speak English fluently before the school year was over.And he has benefited from being bilingual(双语的).”可知，“我”对儿子可以学会双语持积极态度。故C项正确。答案C4.This text is likely to be selected from a book of .A.medicine B.educationC.geography D.history解析推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了“我”和老师在孩子教育问题上的不同看法。因此，最有可能节选自教育类的书
604、籍。故B项正确。答案BPassage 16(2012浙江)话题：兔子的困境词数：505Easter (复活节) is still a great day for worship，candy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs，but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.And no，not because the kids like to pull their ears.The culprit is climate change，and some researche
605、rs found that rising temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US.Take the Lower Keys Marsh rabbit，for instance.An endangered species that lives in the Lower Florida Keys，this species of cottontail is a great swimmerit lives on the islands！but it is already se
606、verely affected by development and now by rising sea levels.According to the Center for Biological Diversity，an ocean level rise of only 0.6 meters will send these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9meter rise would wipe out their habitat (栖息地) completely.The snowshoe hare，on the other hand，has
607、a color issue.Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer，each designed to give them better cover from predators (捕食者).As the number of days with snow decreases all across the country，however，more and more bunnies are being left in white fur durin
608、g brown dirt days of both fall and spring，making them an easier mark for predators.Researchers know that the color change is controlled by the number of hours of sunlight，but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question.The National Wildlife Federation has repor
609、ted that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down.American pikas or rock rabbits，a relative of rabbits and hares，might be the first of these species to go extinct due to climate change.About 78 inches long，pikas live high in the cool，damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains.As
610、global temperatures rise，they would naturally migrate (迁移) to higher groundbut they already occupy the mountaintops.They cant go any higher.The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat heats up.The volcano rabbit has the same pro
611、blem.These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico，and recent studies have shown that the lower range of their habitat has already shifted upward about 700 meters，but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher，so they are stuck in the middle.Scientists are concerned about their
612、populations.Native to the US，pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the American West.They are believed to be the smallest rabbits in the world.Their habitats have been destroyed by development.Several populations，such as the Columbia Basin pygmy，almost went extinct and were saved by zoo
613、breeding programs.Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the snow to escape predators，but lesser snowfall is leaving them exposed.All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this Easter.【语篇导读】复活节的兔子本应该是很喜庆的动物，但由于气候的变化，很多兔子都面临灭绝的危险。那么，它们到底有着怎样的困境呢
614、？让我们通过读文章去了解一下吧。1.The writer mentions Easter at the beginning of the passage in order to .A.show the importance of Easter Day B.introduce the issue about bunniesC.remind people of Easter traditions D.discuss the relationship between Easter and bunnies解析推理判断题。由文章第一段中的“gets quite a bit worse for bunni
615、es”和第二段中的“And no，not because the kids like to pull their ears.”可推知，第一段提到复活节的目的在于引出关于兔子的话题，故答案选B项。答案B2.The word “culprit” (Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to .A.criminal B.judge C.victim D.producer解析词义猜测题。由文章第二段中的“And no，not because the kids like to pull their ears.”和“is climate change”，以及下文中多次提到兔
616、子们遭遇的困境可知，这里的culprit应该意为“罪魁祸首，灾难制造者”，所以答案选A项。答案A3.According to the passage，some rabbits can now be easily discovered by predators because they .A.are exposed to more skillful huntersB.have moved to habitats with fewer plantsC.havent adapted themselves to climate changeD.cant change their fur color i
617、nto white in the fall and the spring解析推理判断题。由第二段可知，一些兔子会受气候的影响。另外，第三段提到“Lower Keys Marsh rabbit(湿地兔)”和第四段提到的“snowshoe hare(雪兔)”都反映出它们对环境变化的不适应才是造成它们被轻易发现的原因，所以答案选C项。答案C4.The problem faced by volcano rabbits and rock rabbits is that .A.both are affected by less snow B.both are affected by rising sea
618、levelsC.neither can find enough foodD.neither can migrate to higher places解析细节理解题。由第五段中的“they would naturally migrate(迁移) to higher groundbut they.They cant go any higher.”和第六段中的“but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher”可知，这两种兔子濒临灭绝的原因在于它们都无法进一步向更高的地方迁徙。所以答案选D项。答案D5.Which best descr
619、ibes the writers tone in the passage?A.Approving. B.Concerned.C.Enthusiastic. D.Doubtful.解析推理判断题。由第一段中的“gets quite a bit worse for bunnies”以及全文作者对兔子遭遇的表述可以推出，作者对一些兔子濒临灭绝的现状表示了关心和关注(concerned)，所以选B项。答案B考点四词义猜测题Passage 1(2015安徽)话题：小蚂蚁大力量词数：288There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each
620、 individual (个体的) ant hardly weigh anything, but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles. For animals their size, ants have been astonishingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social b
621、ehavior.In colonies (群体) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear division of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. Where we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend primarily on pheromones (外激素), chem
622、icals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to pre
623、pare for a conflict as a defense unit.In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the co
624、lony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a coll
625、ective (集体的) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.【语篇导读】文章主要讲的是蚂蚁。单个的蚂蚁显得微不足道，但成群结队的蚂蚁却蕴含着巨大的力量。蚂蚁的数量之众，加起来可以与人类的重量相媲美。蚂蚁分布极为广泛，除了寒冷的山顶和两极地区，几乎到处都有它们的踪影。因为他们集体的智慧远远大于人们的预期。1.We can learn from the passage that ants are .A.not willing to share foodB.not found around the
626、 polesC.more successful than all other animalsD.too many to achieve any level of organization解析考查细节理解。由第一段except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles可知。答案B2.Ants can use pheromones for .A.escape B.communicationC.warning enemies D.arranging labor解析考查细节理解。由第二段Where we use sound and sight to co
627、mmunicate, ants depend primarily on pheromone可知。答案B3.What does the underlined expression “take on” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Accept. B.Employ.C.Play with. D.Fight against.解析考查词义猜测。根据下文的 attack和defeat可知。答案D4.Which of the following contributes most to the survival of ants? A.Their behavior. B.Their size.
628、C.Their number. D.Their weight解析考查推理判断。由Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner可知。答案APassage 2(2015湖北)话题：自给种植词数：369What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isnt a prerequisite for a modern growyourown lifestyle.On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles，Loe and her family grow，can(装罐) a
629、nd preserve much of the food they consume.Loe is a master food preserver，gardener and canning expert.She also operates a website，where she shares her tips and recipes，with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control whats on their plate.Loe initially went to school to become a
630、n engineer，but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food.“I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs(香草) and foods for that fresh flavor，” she said.Engineer by day，Loe learned cooking at night school.She ultimately purchased a sm
631、all piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.“I teach people how to live farmfresh without a farm.”Loc said.Through her website Loc emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.”Got an apartment with a balcony(阳台)？Plant some herbs.A window？Perfect spot for growing.Start with
632、 herbs，she recommends，because “theyre very forgiving.”Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level.”she added.“I think its a great place to start.”Then？Try growing something from a seed，she said，like a tomato or some tea.Canning is a natural extension of the plantin
633、g she does.With every planted food.Loe noted，theres a moment when its bursting with its absolute peak flavor.“I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar.”Loe said.“Canning for me is about knowing whats in your food，knowing where it comes from.”In addition to being more in touch with the fo
634、od shes eating，another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture.” she said，“that if we dont take care of the earth，no one will.”【语篇导读
635、】自给自足不一定有大农场。Leo和家人种植、罐装、存储他们消费的食物。1.The underlined word “prerequisite”(Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to “ ”.A.recipe B.substituteC.requirement D.challenge解析猜测词义题。Theresa Leo的所作所为证实一个大农场并不是现代化的自给自足生活方式的必要条件，即要求，选C。答案C2.Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?A.They are used daily.B.They are ea
636、sy to grow.C.They can grow very tall.D.They can be eaten uncooked.解析细节理解题。由第四段anybody can do this anywhere.可知，很容易种植。答案B3.According to Loe，what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?A.It can preserve their best flavor.B.It can promote her online sales.C.It can better her cooking skills.D.It can
637、 improve their nutrition.解析推理判断题。由第五段Theres a moment when it is bursting with its absolute peak flavor.迸发出极佳的味道。由此可知，罐装食品能够保存极佳的味道。答案A4.What is the “the bigger picture”(Para .6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?A.The knowledge about good food.B.The way to live a growourown life.C.The joy o
638、f getting in touch with foods.D.The responsibility to protect our earth.解析推理判断题。that引导同位语从句，if we dont take care of the earth，no one will。解释、说明先行词the bigger picture，说明保护地球的责任。答案DPassage 3(2015四川)话题：父亲的蔬菜词数：299Nothing could stop Dad.After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small far
639、m in the country, just enough to grow food for the family.He planted vegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgins chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料).The smell really burned the inside of your nose.When we complained about the terrible smell,
640、Dad said the stronger the manure, the healthier the crops, and he was right.For example, just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into cooking.One day, armed with a basket of vegeta
641、bles, he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜).Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages, eggplants, potatoes, corns, onions and carrots.For about half an hour，the pressure built and the vegetables cooked.Finally, Dad turned off the stove, the pot began to cool and the pressu
642、re relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam.If we thought Dads pile of chicken manure was bad, this was 10 times worse.When Dad took off the lid, the smell nearly knocked us out.Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house.Just how bad was it? The neighbors came out
643、of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!Determined, Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.It didnt look that bad, and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell, it didnt offend the nose so much, either.I took a taste.It would never win a prize in a cooking
644、competition, but it was surprisingly edible, and we drank up every last drop of soup.【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了作者的父亲买了一个小农场，在里面种满了各种蔬菜、果树甚至还养了蜜蜂。但作者的父亲收获的时候，他炖了一锅蔬菜，闻到味道时，作者和其他人觉得烧得很糟糕，但是最后全部都吃光了。1.Why did Dad clean Old Man McColgins chicken house regularly?A.To earn some money for the family.B.To collect manure
645、 for his crops.C.To get rid of the terrible smell.D.To set a good example to us.解析细节理解题。 根据文章第一段的And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgins chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料).可知是为了收集肥料。答案B2.What can we infer about Dads stew?A.It is popular among the neighbors.B.It contains honey and vegetable
646、s.C.It looks very wonderful.D.It tastes quite delicious.解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的 we drank up every last drop of soup.可知选择D。意为父亲的炖菜非常美味。答案D3.What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean?A.To attract. B.To upset.C.To air. D.To shut.解析词义判断题。根据文章上文的 the first wave had shut down my ability to
647、 smell可知，此处指的是鼻子闻不到那种味道，意为搅乱。答案B4.What can we learn about Dad from the text?A.He is an experienced cook.B.He is a troublesome father.C.He has a positive attitude to life.D.He suffers a lot from his disability.解析推理判断题。根据文中内容可知，父亲在背部受伤后，不愿意休息，而是自己经营着小农场，而且在收获后，还自己种菜。可知父亲对生活有着积极的态度。答案CPassage 4(2015天津)
648、话题：勇气的力量词数：348Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend.He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice Ive ever had: Be bold and brave and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.Those words made me see clearly that when I had
649、 fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed.It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all.On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the
650、ground again.Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you are sure you can eat.And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces.They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideaseven physical strength greater than most of us realize.Admittedly, those mi
651、ghty forces are spiritual ones.But they are more important than physical ones.A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player.“In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between hi
652、m and our goal line，” said Tim.“I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet(子弹)and stopped him cold.”Boldnessa willingness to extend yourself to the extremeis not one that can be acquired overnight.But it can be taught to children and developed in
653、 adults.Confidence builds up.Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success.But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.So, always try to live a little bit
654、beyond your abilitiesand youll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。主要谈论的是如何做才能变得勇敢。勇敢不可能突然一下子就能得到，它需要一个逐渐培养的过程。1.Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?A.He faced huge risks.B.He lacked mighty forces.C.Fear prevented him from trying.D.Failu
655、re blocked his way to success.解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all.可知，作者过去不能实现自己的目标是因为恐惧使自己不敢尝试，从而导致失败。答案C2.What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?A.Swallow more than you can digest.B.Act slightly above your abilities.C.Develop more m
656、ysterious powers.D.Learn to make creative decisions.解析词义猜测题。根据前面的Boldness和后面的greater than most of us realize可判断出，画线部分的意思是“勇敢地采取超出自己能力的行动”。答案B3.What was especially important for Tims successful defense in the football game?A.His physical strength. B.His basic skill.C.His real fear. D.His spiritual fo
657、rce.解析细节判断题。第四段以蒂姆成功的例子来说明those mighty forces are spiritual ones，也就是说蒂姆在足球比赛中成功防御主要是依靠他的精神力量。故答案为D。答案D4.What can be learned from Paragraph 5?A.Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.B.Trying without success is meaningless.C.Repeated failure creates a better life.D.Boldness can be gained little by l
658、ittle.解析细节判断题。根据第五段第一、二句话可知，勇敢不可能突然一下子就能得到的，它要有一个逐渐培养的过程。答案D5.What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?A.To encourage people to be courageous.B.To advise people to build up physical power.C.To tell people the ways to guarantee success.D.To recommend people to develop more abilities.解析目的意图
659、题。第一段点明文章的主旨：Be bold and brave，后面的段落对这一中心话题详细论述，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是激励人们要大胆、勇敢。答案APassage 5(2015陕西)话题：父母参与与孩子成绩词数：295Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades.Other forms of parental involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a childs c
660、lass，also fail to help，according to the most recent study on the topic.The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting (养育子女) where schools expect them to act as partners in their childrens education.Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed，dressed and
661、ready to learn.Keith Robinson，the author of the study，said，“I really dont know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids education that leads to declines in their academic performance.One of the things that was consistently negative was parents hel
662、p with homework.”Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the tasks.“They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now，or in some cases never learnt it themselves，but theyre still offering advice.”Robinson assessed parental involvement perf
663、ormance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks.In general，about 20% of parental involvement was positive，about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved
664、because “children with good academic success do have involved parents”，admitted Robinson.But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success.“A big surprise was that AsianAmerican parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved.They took a mor
665、e reasonable approach，conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。最新研究表明，父母的参与并不能提高孩子的成绩。1.The underlined expression “parental involvement” in Paragraph 1 probably means .A.parents expectation on childrens healthB.parents participation in childrens edu
666、cationC.parents control over childrens lifeD.parents plan for childrens future解析词义猜测题。根据文章的第一句可知，帮助孩子做家庭作业的家长也许真的会让孩子的成绩下降。其他形式的参与也没有多大帮助。involvement涉及；卷入，对应B项中的participation一词。答案B2.What is the major finding of Robinsons study?A.Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way.B.Punishing kids
667、 for bad marks is mentally damaging.C.Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected.D.Parents are not able to help with childrens homework.解析推理判断题。从第四段中提供的Robinson调查数据表明：只有20%的父母参与是积极的，而45%的参与是消极的，还有剩下的数据表明，父母的参与没有意义，因此可以看出，父母的参与并不像我们想象的那样有好处。答案C3.The example of AsianAmerican parents implies
668、 that parents should .A.help children realize the importance of schoolingB.set a specific life goal for their childrenC.spend more time improving their own livesD.take a more active part in school management解析细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话可知，一些亚洲裔美国人父母提出了更合理的方式，他们向自己的孩子传达学校里的成功能怎么样影响他们的未来生活。也就是帮助孩子意识到学校成功的重要性。答案
669、APassage 6(2014天津)话题：回归健康词数：366People arent walking any moreif they can figure out a way to avoid it.I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel.The journey is a matter of 281 steps.But I used the car.And I wasnt in any hurry，either.I had merely become
670、one more victim of a national sickness：motorosis.It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(免疫的)，for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs.At that time，we regarded 25 miles as a good days walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of s
671、trength and skill.It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship.And the effect was lasting.When I was 45 years old I racedand beata teenage football player the 168 steps up the Statue of Liberty.Such enterprises today are regarded by many middleaged persons as bad for the heart.But a wellknown
672、British physician，Sir Adolphe Abrahams，pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise.A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly.And walking is an ideal form of exercisethe most familiar and natural of all.It was Henry Thoreau who
673、 showed mankind the richness of going on foot.The man walking can learn the trees，flowers，insects，birds and animals，the significance of seasons，the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world.He cannot learn in a car.The car is a convenient means of transport，but we have made it our
674、way of life.Many people dont dare to approach Nature any more；to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat.To them security is a steel river thundering on a concrete road.And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.I say that the green of fores
675、ts is the minds best light.And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。主要强调现代人过度依赖交通工具，而忽略了最好的锻炼方式步行，作者呼吁大家改掉动辄坐车开车的坏毛病，返璞归真，回归自然健康的生活方式。1.What is the national sickness?A.Walking too much.B.Traveling too much.C.Driving cars too much.D.Climbing stairs too mu
676、ch.解析细节理解题。根据文章第二自然段最后一句可知。答案C2.What was life like when the author was young?A.People usually went around on foot.B.People often walked 25 miles a day.C.People used to climb the Statue of Liberty.D.People considered a tenhour walk as a hardship.解析细节理解题。根据文章第三自然段第三句话“At that time，we regarded 25 miles
677、 as a good days walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill.”可知。答案A3.The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that .A.middleaged people like getting back to natureB.walking in nature helps enrich ones mindC.people need regular exercise to keep fitD.go
678、ing on foot prevents heart disease解析推理判断题。议论文中的例子是为论点服务的。前文提到步行是很好的锻炼方式，后文引用Henry Thoreau的话来说明该观点的重要性。答案B4.What is compared to“a steel river”in Paragraph 6?A.A queue of cars. B.A ray of traffic light.C.A flash of lightning. D.A stream of people.解析词义猜测题。本段第一句话提到车辆是一种便捷的交通方式，但我们却把它当成了我们的生活方式。很多人不敢接近自然
679、，对他们而言，只有这种在水泥路面上呼啸而过的“钢铁之河”才能给他们安全感，因而，此处的“钢铁之河”应是指车流。答案A5.What is the authors intention of writing this passage?A.To tell people to reflect more on life.B.To recommend people to give up driving.C.To advise people to do outdoor activities.D.To encourage people to return to walking.解析主旨大意题。作者写作此议论文的
680、目的就是呼吁人们回归最自然的锻炼方式步行。故选D。该题易错选B，但文章不仅建议人们放弃开车，而且呼吁人们放弃坐车，摆脱对车辆的依赖，并推荐了步行的方式，故排除B。答案DPassage 7(2014大纲全国)话题：美国孩子学汉语词数：302One of the latest trends(趋势) in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs.Au Pair in Stamford，Conn.，for example，has got increasing numbers of requests for Chinese au pairs from zero to
681、 around 4，000 since 2004.And thats true all across the country.“I thought it would be very useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age，”Joseph Stocke，the managing director of a company，says of his 2yearold son.“I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future.”After
682、 only six months of being cared for by a 25yearold woman from China，the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions，his dad says.Li Drake，a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband，had another reason for looking for an au pair from China：She didnt want
683、 her children to miss out on their roots.“Because I am Chinese，my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture(文化)，”she says.“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom，”says Suzanne Flynn，a professor in language educa
684、tion of children.“But parents must understand that just one year with an au pair is unlikely to produce wonders.Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want th
685、eir children to learn Chinese.It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.【语篇导读】本文讲到了美国现在存在的一种趋势，即越来越多的美国人想找中国女佣照顾孩子，以利于孩子学习汉语。1.What does the term“au pair”in the text mean?A.A mother raising her children on her own.B.A young foreign woman taking care
686、 of children.C.A professor in language education of children.D.A child learning a foreign language at home.解析词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中“After only six months of being cared for by 25yearold woman.daily expressions”和第三段中“.had another reason for looking for an au pair from China”和第四段中“Staying with a native.in a c
687、lassroom”可知“au pair”是照顾孩子的外国年轻女佣，故D项正确。答案D2.Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them .A.to live in China some day B.to speak the language at home C.to catch up with other childrenD.to learn about the Chinese culture解析事实细节题。根据文章第三段中“Because I am Chinese.the language and culture.
688、”可知Li Drake让孩子学习汉语是想使他们了解中国文化。故D项正确。答案D3.How can children learn a foreign language best according to Flynn?A.From their parents.B.By attending classes.C.From a native speaker.D.By starting at an early age.解析细节理解题。由短文第四段第一句“Staying with a.；says Suzanne Flynn.”可知C项为正确答案，并由此排除B项；A、D两项均非Flynn的观点。答案C4.Wh
689、at can we infer from the text?A.Learning Chinese is becoming popular in America.B.Educated woman do better in looking after children.C.Chinese au pairs need to improve their English skills.D.Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.解析推理判断题。越来越多的美国人请中国年轻女佣照顾孩子以利于孩子学汉语，所以汉语学习在美国变得很受欢迎。
690、故A正确。答案APassage 8(2014新课标全国)话题：旅鸽的历史词数：333Passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reached its hi
691、ghest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States，making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller，a flock believed to be 1 mile wide
692、 and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly，the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clea
693、rings with grain，waited until pigeons had settled to feed，then threw large nets over them，taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americ
694、ans need for wood，which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north，where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone，never to be seen again.In 1897，the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeo
695、ns，but by then，no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County，Ohio，in 1900.For a time，a few birds survived under human care.The last of them，known affectionately as Martha，died at the Cincinnati Zoologica
696、l Garden on September 1，1914.【语篇导读】本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。1.In the 18th and early 19th centuries，passenger pigeons .A.were the biggest bird in the world B.lived mainly in the south of AmericaC.did great harm to the natural environmentD.were the largest bird population in the US解析事实细节题。根据文章第一段所述在18和19世纪，美国大群
697、的旅鸽飞起来可以遮住天空几个小时，所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的，故选D。答案D2.The underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons .A.escape B.ruinC.liberation D.evolution解析词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“Where the birds were abundant.by the thousands”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀，所以ruin和undoing词义相似，故选B。答案B3.What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeon
698、s?A.To seek pleasure. B.To save other birds.C.To make money. D.To protect crops.解析事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“Commercial hunters attracted them.sold in restaurants”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是捕杀者要赚钱。故选C。答案C4.What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A.It was ignored by the public.B.It was declared too late.C.It was u
699、nfair.D.It was strict.解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“In 1897，the state of.for 10 years”可知通过法律后的10年，鸽群数量仍然不多，所以制定法律为时已晚，故选B。答案BPassage 9(2014广东)话题：善举的传播词数：379It was a cold winter day.A woman drove up to the Rainbow Bridge tollbooth (收费站).“Im paying for myself，and for the six cars behind me，”she said with a smile，
700、handing over seven tickets.One after another，the next six drivers arriving at the tollbooth were informed，“Some lady up ahead already paid your fare.”It turned out that the woman，Natalie Smith，had read something on a friends refrigerator：“Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty.”The ph
701、rase impressed her so much that she copied it down.Judy Foreman spotted the same phrase on a warehouse wall far away from home.When it stayed on her mind for days，she gave up and drove all the way back to copy it down.“I thought it was beautiful，”she said，explaining why shed taken to writing it at t
702、he bottom of all her letters，“like a message from above.”Her husband，Frank，liked the phrase so much that he put it up on the classroom wall for his students，one of whom was the daughter of Alice Johnson，a local news reporter.Alice put it in the newspaper，admitting that though she liked it，she didnt
703、know where it came from or what it really meant.Two days later，Alice got a call from Anne Herbert，a woman living in Marin.It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper，after turning it around in her mind for days.“Heres the idea，”Anne says.“Anything you think there shoul
704、d be more of，do it randomly.”Her fantasies include painting the classrooms of shabby schools，leaving hot meals on kitchen tables in the poor part of town，and giving money secretly to a proud old lady.Anne says，“Kindness can build on itself as much as violence can.”The acts of random kindness spread.
705、If you were one of those drivers who found your fare paid，who knows what you might have been inspired to do for someone else later.Like all great events，kindness begins slowly，with every single act.Let it be yours!【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，记述了“随意的善举是可以传播的”的感人故事。1.Why did Natalie Smith pay for the six cars behi
706、nd her?A.She knew the car drivers well.B.She wanted to show kindness.C.She hoped to please others.D.She had seven tickets.解析事实细节题。第一段说Natalie Smith为其后面的六辆车交费，是她因看到的“Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty”这句话给了她深刻印象，她是受这句话的启发，“想给他人施恩”，故选B。答案B2.Judy Foreman copied down the phrase becaus
707、e she .A.thought it was beautifully writtenB.wanted to know what it really meantC.decided to write it on a warehouse wallD.wanted her husband to put it up in the classroom解析事实细节题。由第三段第三句“I thought it was beautiful，”she said，explaining why shed taken to writing it at the bottom of all her letters可知，选
708、A。答案A3.Who came up with the phrase according to the passage?A.Judy Foreman. B.Natalie Smith.C.Alice Johnson. D.Anne Herbert.解析事实细节题。由第四段中的“It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper”可知，是Anne Herbert想出这句话来的。答案D4.Which of the following statements is closest in meaning t
709、o the underlined sentence above?A.Kindness and violence can change the world.B.Kindness and violence can affect ones behavior.C.Kindness and violence can reproduce themselves.D.Kindness and violence can shape ones character.解析词义猜测题。本段中先是Anne Herbert解释她想出的那句话意为：你认为(生活中或世界上)应该多一些存在的事，那么你就随意去做这样的事。接着说她
710、想象中的这类事包括“给破旧教室粉刷墙”“在穷人区的厨房里留下热饭”等善举。那么该段结尾的话“善举和暴力一样可以在它们自己的基础上建立起来”，可知“善举同暴力一样是可以自我繁衍的”，故选C。答案C5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.People should practice random kindness to those in need.B.People who receive kindness are likely to offer it to others.C.People should practice random kindne
711、ss to strangers they meet.D.People who receive kindness are likely to pay it back to the giver.解析推理判断题。由最后一段的第一和第二句可以推知：受到恩惠的人很可能会施惠于他人，将恩惠传播下去。答案BPassage 10(2014湖北)话题：狒狒的发现词数：344Working with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert，Dr.Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology，Cambridge Unive
712、rsity set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box.Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task，while others had to learn for themselves.To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were，Dr.Carter presented
713、 them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.She found that personality had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long
714、as the brave ones did.In effect，despite being made aware of what to do，they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not，even th
715、ough they spent more time watching.This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals，something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they
716、suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they arent clever enough to solve them，but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some in
717、dividuals are unable to get information from others because they dont associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they are too shy to use the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members，preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.【语篇导读】文章
718、通过狒狒学习抓取食物的实验告诉我们，个性对学习能力有重大影响。文化是通过人们的相互学习和交流形成的。1.What is the first paragraph mainly about? A.The design of Dr.Carters research.B.The results of Dr.Carters research.C.The purpose of Dr.Carters research.D.The significance of Dr.Carters research.解析主旨大意题。通过第一段第二句Some baboons were given the chance to
719、watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task，while others had to learn for themselves.和最后一句Dr.Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake等细节，第一段主要论述了Dr.Carter进行研究的设计，故答案为A。答案A2.According to the research，which baboons are more
720、likely to complete a new learning task?A.Those that have more experience.B.Those that can avoid potential risks.C.Those that like to work independently.D.Those that feel anxious about learning.解析细节理解题。通过第三段第二句The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed di
721、d not，even though they spent more time watching可知，答案选D。答案D3.Which best illustrates the“mismatch”mentioned in Paragraph 4?A.Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.B.Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.C.Some baboons observe others but dont follow them.D.Some baboons perfor
722、m new tasks but dont concentrate.解析猜测词义题。画线词mismatch处于第四段第一句话中，此句为以上实验得出的结论，所以这种mismatch 的行为应在上文第三段已经提及，因此根据The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not，even though they spent more time watching.可知答案为C。答案C4.Dr.Carters findings indicate that our cul
723、ture might be formed through .A.storing information B.learning from each other C.understanding different people D.travelling between social groups 解析推理判断题。通过最后一段最后一句If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they dont associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they ar
724、e too shy to use the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members，preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.可知文化是在人们的相互学习、交流中形成。因此答案为 D。答案DPassage 11(2014大纲全国)话题：失而复得的文件词数：290Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed
725、in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.During the first week of his stay，he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers，incl
726、uding his passport(护照).He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city，thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.Late in the evening，the phone rang.It was a st
727、ranger.He was trying to pronounce my husbands name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents(文件).Their you
728、ng daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out，although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a halfwritten letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone numbe
729、r to a friend.That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.【语篇导读】本文是记叙文，讲述了作者丈夫行李箱中的文件失而复得的事情。通过这件事，作者一家又重新找回了对他人的信任。1.What did Rashid plan to do after his ar
730、rival in Sydney?A.Go shopping. B.Find a house.C.Join his family. D.Take a vacation.解析事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“.stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.”可知作者丈夫到达悉尼计划要做的事情就是为“我和孩子”找房子，故B项正确。答案B2.The girls parents got Rashids phone number from .A.a friend of his famil
731、y B.a Sydney policemanC.a letter in his papers D.a stranger in Sydney解析事实细节题。根据文章倒数第二段中“At last they had seen a halfwritten letter in the pile.to a friend.”可知作者的电话号码是从文件中夹的一封信中找到的，故C项正确。答案C3.What does the underlined word“restored”in the last paragraph mean?A.Showed. B.Sent out.C.Delivered. D.Gave ba
732、ck.解析词义猜测题。文章倒数第二段中讲到小女孩一家努力找到失主的联系方式并把重要文件物归原主。这个善举使作者一家不仅找回了文件，而且重新找回了对人的信任。故D项“归还”正确。A.展示；B.发送；C.递送。答案D4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.From India to Australia.B.Living in a New Country.C.Turning Trash to Treasure.D.In Search of New Friends.解析主旨大意题。丈夫丢失的重要文件被丢到了垃圾箱。一个
733、好心家庭整理好物归原主，这些别人眼中的垃圾对作者丈夫来说非常珍贵。故C项最能体现文章大意。答案CPassage 12(2014重庆)话题：追踪孟加拉虎词数：289One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest，the next，the air was charged with tension.The elephant had heard the distant alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed.I urged the elephant deeper into the fores
734、t.We sounded like a forest firecrackling，snapping，trailblazing.But through all the noise came a sharp warning cry.The elephant stopped and we heard it againthe telltale call of a spotted deer.I looked quickly around the shadows of the forest.Rays of sunlight shone through tree branches，beneath which
735、 the patchwork (交错) of green plants and shadowswithinshadows would make tiger stripes (条纹) look more attractive.Apart from an occasional noise from the elephants stomach，the forest was silent.Gradually，the tension slipped from our bodies.The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth.
736、I reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephants neck；there was a soft part，free of wrinkles and hairs，behind her ear.This was my fourth time to sense the aura of the forest in Corbett，although I saw no tigers in the end.Located at the foot of the Himalayan mountains，Corbett is home to
737、about 135 Bengal tigers，but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts(出没处)，a silent reminder of their secrecy and rarity.Still，I was happy enough touching the elephant behind the ear.If I had so desperately wanted to see a tiger，I could have gone to a zoo.After all，spotting tigers merely co
738、nfirms their beauty；tracking them can make you aware of something more.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在森林里追踪寻找孟加拉虎的经历。1.Which of the following was a clear signal of alarm?A.The elephant stopped.B.A spotted deer called.C.The elephant seized a branch.D.The forest was silent for a while.解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知我们听到的尖锐
739、的警报声来自一只梅花鹿，故选B。答案B2.The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by .A.describing various soundsB.comparing different animalsC.listing different activitiesD.introducing various plants解析写作手法题。根据第一段可知，作者在森林里听到了各种各样的声音，因此作者是通过描述各种声音来展开叙述的，应选A。答案A3.What does the underlined part“to sen
740、se the aura”most probably mean?A.To see the diversity.B.To enjoy the scenery.C.To feel the atmosphere.D.To experience the freedom.解析词义猜测题。根据文章可知作者听到了各种声音，之后森林回归平静，逐渐我们的紧张也消失不见了，大象也变得安静了。尽管我没有发现老虎，但是我依然感觉到了这种紧张后平静的氛围，故选C。答案C4.How does the author feel after several visits to Corbett?A.Seeing a Bengal
741、tiger is quite thrilling.B.It is very timeconsuming to travel in Corbett.C.It is really worthwhile to study the animals in Corbett.D.The process of finding Bengal tigers is most appealing.解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句话可知，我本可以在公园里看到老虎，但是追踪孟加拉虎使我感知更多的东西，所以这个过程是非常吸引人的，故选D。答案DPassage 13(2013大纲全国)话题：做过飞行员的医生词数：28
742、8Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They dont listen because they already know it all.I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970，almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.I didnt realize then，but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon(外科医生).I loved flying.As I flew bigger，faster pl
743、anes，and in worse weather，I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理)，or CRM，a new idea to make flying safer.It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result，regardless of positions.I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that，an attending doctor and I were flying
744、in bad weather.The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot.He was so busy because of the bad turn，he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down.He was a better pilotand my bossso it felt unusual to speak up.But I had to: Our
745、lives were in danger.I put aside my uneasiness and said，“We need to put the landing gear down now！” That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM，and Ive used it in the operating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/ surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opini
746、ons are from the opposite，the doctor doesnt overreact，which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when Im in the operating room，I ask for ideas and help from others.Sometimes theyre not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them，someday someone will kee
747、p me from “landing gear up”.【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的飞行员经历让作者明白了CRM，即无论职位如何，同组成员都应学会倾听别人，同时也要大胆发表不同看法，这点对医生更是有着十分重要的意义，有时可以避免许多危险。1.What does the author say about doctors in general?A.They like flying by themselves.B.They are unwilling to take advice.C.They pretend to be good pilots.D.They are quick lear
748、ners of CRM.解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“They dont listen because they already know it all.”可知，作者认为医生们由于职业习惯不愿听别人的建议，由此可知，B项正确。而其余选项均未提到。答案B2.The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when .A.he saved the plane by speaking upB.he was in charge of a flying taskC.his boss landed the plane too la
749、teD.his boss operated on a patient解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM.”可知，句中的That指代上文提到的作者大胆表达自己的观点从而避免飞机失事这件事。故选A。答案A3.In the last paragraph “landing gear up” probably means .A.following flying requirements.B.overreacting to different opinions.C.listening to what f
750、ellow doctors sayD.making a mistake that may cost lives解析词义猜测题。根据文章第二段内容可知，由于控制台的失误，作者和另一名主治医生飞翔时转弯过迟而没有做好降落准备。作为驾驶员的主治医生由于慌乱忘记放下起落架，幸亏作者及时提醒才避免飞机失事。由此可知，此处“landing gear up”指各种严重致命的错误。故选D。 答案D4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.CRM: A New Way to Make Flying Safe.B.Flying Ma
751、kes Me a Better Doctor.C.The Making of a Good Pilot.D.A PilotTurned Doctor.解析标题概括题。本文主要讲述了作者在作为飞行员时学会的“CRM”对自己日后作为医生的影响：不管职位如何，同组成员都应该大胆发表自己的看法，这样有时能够避免许多危险。故选B。A、C两项均属于本末倒置，本文主要强调CRM对医生的重要性”；D项不属于文章中心，因为本文不是在介绍人。答案BPassage 14(2013辽宁)话题：bug的含义词数：268“Indeed，” George Washington wrote in his diary in 1
752、785，“some kind of fly，or bug，had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug.When Washington wrote that，Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century，and Americans had already created lightningbug(萤火虫).But the English we
753、re soon to stop using the bugs in their language，leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.The American bug could also be a person，referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.Although fan became the usual term，sports fans used to be
754、called racing bugs，baseball bugs，and the like.Or the bug could be a small machine or object，for example，a bugshaped car.The bug could also be a burglar alarm，from which comes the expression to bug，that is，“to install (安装) an alarm”.Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listenin
755、g secretly to others conversation.Since the 1840s，to bug has long meant “to cheat”，and since the 1940s it has been annoying.We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and diff
756、iculties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product.In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering a bug in his invented record player.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了bug一词在不同时期的不同含义和用法。1.We learn from Paragraph 1 that .A.Americ
757、ans had difficulty in learning to use the word bugB.George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bugC.the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth centuryD.both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“.wrote in his diar
758、y in 1785.”及该段第三句 “When Washington wrote that，Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century，and Americans had already created lightningbug(萤火虫).”可知，在18世纪英国人和美国人都已使用bug这个词了。故答案选D。答案D2.What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean?A.Explanation. B.Finding.C.O
759、rigin. D.Fault.解析词义猜测题。根据最后一段第三句“In 1878 he explained bugs aslittle problems and difficulties that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product”可知，在1878年，爱迪生就把bugs解释为“小问题或者小困难”。本句中的“little problems and difficulties”即是flaw的英文解释。故答案选D。答案D3.The passage is mainly con
760、cerned with .A.the misunderstanding of the word bugB.the development of the word bugC.the public views of the word bugD.the special characteristics of the word bug解析推理判断题。根据文章内容可知， 本文第一段说明bug的第一个含义为“昆虫”；第二段说明bug的第二个含义为“对特殊活动疯狂的人”；第三段说明bug的其他含义和用法为“小机器或小东西”等；第四段说明bug的另外一个含义为“故障”。简而言之，本文主要说明bug一词在不同时期
761、的不同含义。故答案选B。答案BPassage 15(2012天津)话题：手写技能词数：355The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past.With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones，writing by hand has become something of a nostalgic (怀旧的)skill.However，while toda
762、ys educators are using more and more technology in their teaching，many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successfulboth in school and in life.Virginia Berninger，professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington，says its important to continue te
763、aching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasksboth on a computer and by hand.The study，published in 2009，found that when writing with a pen and paper，par
764、ticipants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.In a more recent study，Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a students writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write.“Spelling makes some of the think
765、ing parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary，word meaning and concepts.It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换) “those words in the mind into writ
766、ten symbols on paper or keyboard and screen，” the study said.Seeing the words in the “minds eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words，says Berninger，but also to spot(发现) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time.“In our computer age，some people
767、believe that we dont have to teach spelling because we have spell checks，” she said.“But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level，they wont have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”【语篇导读】本文讲述了随着新技术的发展，如电脑和智能手机等现代化教
768、学技术的普遍使用，使得手写已经成为一种怀旧的东西。1.What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?A.The absence of blackboard in classroom.B.The use of new technologies in teaching.C.The lack of practice in handwriting.D.The popular use of smartphones.解析细节理解题。根据短文第一段中“With the coming of new technologies like computers and
769、smartphones，writing by hand has become something of a nostalgic skill.However，while todays educators are using more and more technology in their teaching.”可知B选项符合题意。答案B2.Berningers study published in 2009 .A.focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computerB.indicated that students
770、 prefer to write with a pen and paperC.found that good essays are made up of long sentencesD.discussed the importance of writing speed解析细节理解题。根据短文第三段“Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasksboth on a computer and by hand.
771、The study，published in 2009.”可知A选项符合文意。 答案A3.Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?A.Spelling improves ones memory of words.B.Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.C.Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.D.Spelling slows down finding exact words to
772、 express ideas.解析细节理解题。短文第四段提到“Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active，which helps us access our vocabulary，word meaning and concepts.”由此可知，拼写可以改善对词汇的记忆和理解。因此，正确答案为B选项。答案B4.What does “minds eye” in paragraph 5 mean?A.Window. B.SoulC.Picture. D.Imagination.解析词义猜测题。短文第五段画线词后面提到的“
773、helps children not only to turn their ideas into words，says Berninger，but also to spot spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time.”由此结合上下文可知，画线词是指“想象”之意，D选项与此相符。 答案D5.What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?A.Computers can help people with their choice of
774、words.B.Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.C.Handwriting still has a place in todays classrooms.D.Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.解析推理判断题。短文第一段提到“ However，while todays educators are using more and more technology in their teaching，many believe basic han
775、dwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successfulboth in school and in life.”由此可知，书写在当今课堂上仍然占有一定的位置，C选项内容与此相符合。答案C考点五观点态度题Passage 1(2015湖北)话题：书评词数：354Science has a lot of uses.It can uncover laws of nature，cure diseases，make bombs，and help bridges to stand up.Indeed science is so goo
776、d at what it does that theres always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful.David Brooks，author of The Social Animal，The Hidden Sources of Love，Character，and Achievement，appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.Brooks
777、gained fame for several books.His latest book The Social Animal，however，is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books.It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics.The book focuses on big questions：What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And wh
778、y are some people happy and successful while others arent?To answer these questions，Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines (学科).Considering this，you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts.But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox (非常规的)，and perhaps unfortunate，way.Instea
779、d of introducing scientific theories，he tells a story，within which he tries to make his points，perhaps in order to keep the readers attention.So as Harold and Erica，the hero and heroine in his story，live through childhood，we hear about the science of child development，and as they begin to date we he
780、ar about the theory of sexual attraction.Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.On the whole，Brooks story is acceptable if uninspired.As one would expect，his writing is mostly clear and，to be fair，some chapters stand out above the rest.I enjoyed ，for instance，the chapter i
781、n which Harold discovers how to think on his own.While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters，the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere.These problems partly involve Brookss attempt to translate his tale into science.【语篇导读】这是一篇书评。介绍了Brooks的最新作品The Soci
782、al Animal。关于这部作品的内容，写作方法，以及作品的缺陷。1.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to .A.illustrate where science can be appliedB.demonstrate the value of Brookss new bookC.remind the readers of the importance of scienceD.explain why many writers use science in their wor
783、ks解析推理判断题。文章一开始作者提到科学的功能目的在于引出话题，解释作者在他们的作品中，为什么使用科学作为主题，所以选D。答案D2.According to the author，which of the following could be a strength of the book?A.Its strong basis.B.Its convincing points.C.Its clear writing.D.Its memorable characters.解析细节理解题。第四段第二句As one would expect，his writing is mostly clear.可知
784、，这本书最大的优点是表述清晰，因此C是正确的。答案C3.What is the authors general attitude towards the book?A.Contradictory. B.Supportive.C.Cautious. D.Critical.解析观点态度题。第四段第四句While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters，the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie everywhere.可知，作者对作品的态度是批评性
785、的。答案D4.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?A.Problems with the book.B.Brookss life experience.C.Death of the characters.D.Brookss translation skills.解析判断推理题。最后一段最后一句These problems partly involve Brookss attempt to translate his tale into science.可推知，接下去作者主要论及作品存在的问题。答案A
786、Passage 2(2014重庆)话题：水上行走词数：288The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly.Sadly，biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aidwe simply weigh too much，and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet，resulting in a lot
787、of pressure that makes us sink.However，several types of animals can walk on water.One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus，a lizard (蜥蜴) native to Central and South America.It can run across water for a distance of several meters，avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting
788、the waters surface with its feet.The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward.For humans to do this，wed need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate“hitting”.But fortunately there is an alternative：cornflour.By adding enough of this comm
789、on thickening agent to water (and it does take a lot)，you can create a“nonNewtonian”liquid that doesnt behave like normal water.Now，if the surface of the water is hit hard enough，particles(粒子) in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard.Move quickly enough and put enough force
790、into each step，and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour.Fun though all this may sound，its still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.If you must do it，then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sinkand take a
791、 shower afterward!【语篇导读】本文为说明文。水上行走一直是人类的梦想，但由于身体的局限性很难完成，但现在有一种折中的方法在水面上撒玉米粉。1.Walking on water hasnt become a reality mainly because humans .A.are not interested in itB.have biological limitations C.have not invented proper toolsD.are afraid to make an attempt解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话可知因为我们太重了，如果没有人工辅助，我们
792、的身体很难突破局限完成水上行走的动作，故选B。答案B2.What do we know about Basilicus basilicus from the passage?A.It is light enough to walk on water.B.Its huge feet enable it to stay above water.C.It can run across water at a certain speed.D.Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water.解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和第三句话可知，这种蜥蜴每秒移
793、动二十步来保持高速水上行走，故选C。答案C3.What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage?A.To create a thick liquid.B.To turn the water into solid.C.To help the liquid behave normally.D.To enable the water to move rapidly.解析细节理解题。根据第三段可知，把足够的玉米粉撒在水面上，水中的粒子群可以使水面变得坚固一些，只要速度够快，每一步都用力均匀就能走过水面，故选A。答案A4.Wha
794、t is the authors attitude toward the idea of humans walking on water?A.It is risky but beneficial.B.It is interesting and worth trying.C.It is crazy and cannot become a reality.D.It is impractical though theoretically possible.解析观点态度题。根据第四段可知，利用玉米面在水面上行走听起来不错，但在实践时有一定危险，一定要做好防护措施，因此作者认为这种法在理论上是可能的，但
795、不实际，故选D。答案DPassage 3(2014新课标全国)话题：面对困惑词数：335A typical lion tamer (驯兽师) in peoples mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭)and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention，but its mostly for show.In reality，its the chair that does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion
796、s face，the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided，the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options，the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find
797、yourself in the same position as the lion？How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g.lose weight，start a business，travel more)only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating a
798、bout which option is best，the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things，and so we take less action，make less progress，and stay the same when we could be imp
799、roving.It doesnt have to be that way.Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face，remember this ：All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go，something you
800、 want to accomplish，someone you want to become.take immediate action.If youre clear about where you want to go，the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.【语篇导读】本文以驯兽师在驯兽时用椅子挡在狮子面前来分散它的注意力使狮子不知所措为引子，联想到当人们面临多种选择感到困惑时该怎么办？1.Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A.To trick
801、 the lion.B.To show off his skills.C.To get ready for a fight.D.To entertain the audience.解析事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“When a lion tamer holds a chair.what to do next.”可知，驯兽师拿一把椅子是想哄骗狮子，故选A。答案A2.In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A.They feel puzzled over choices.B.They hold on to the wron
802、g things.C.They find it hard to make changes.D.They have to do something for show.解析推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“With its focus divided.what to do next”可知，当人们面临选择时和狮子面对椅子时的感觉相似，就是困惑，不知所措，故选A。答案A3.What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3？A.Tolerant. B.Doubtful.C.Respectful. D.Suppo
803、rtive.解析推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“This upsets me to no end.is best”可知，作者对专家的态度是怀疑的，故选B。答案B4.When the world is“waving a chair in your face”，youre advised to .A.wait for a better chanceB.break your old habitsC.make a quick decisionD.ask for clear guidance解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Anytime you find the world.you just ne
804、ed to get started.”可知，作者建议人们快速做出决定，故选C。答案CPassage 4(2014陕西)话题：运动日词数：296One afternoon last week，I saw three tearful children from my sons school being comforted by teachers.That morning，my 11yearold had stomach pains，retching(干呕)into a bowl.Talking to other mothers later，I heard about other children
805、with stomachache or difficulty sleeping the night before.What caused so much pain？Sports day.Sports day might be necessary at a highlycompetitive independent school，but not at a village primary school.For the children who can fly like the wind，sports day cause no problem.For those who are overweight
806、 or just not good at sport，it is nightmare(噩梦).Even for those who enjoy running but fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents，it can prove a disaster.Why do we put our children through this annual suffering？Some may say competition is character building；or its takin
807、g part，not winning，thats important；or that it is a tradition of school life.I just felt great pity for those children in tears or in pain.Team games at the end of sports day produced some close races，wild enthusiasm，lots of shoutingand were fun to watch.More importantly，the children who were not so
808、fast or quick at passing the ball were hidden a little from everyones eyes.Some of them also had the thrill of being on the winning side.I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less competitive event.Perhaps an afternoon of team games，with a few races for those who wan
809、t them，would be less stressful for the children and a lot more fun to watch.【语篇导读】学校的传统节日运动日对于热爱运动且体质好的学生而言是一种享受，但对于肥胖或体质差的孩子就成了噩梦，引起各种问题和疾病，因此作者希望减少一些竞技项目，多增加娱乐活动，给孩子带来更多的快乐和更少的压力。1.What can we learn about the authors son from Paragraph 1?A.He talked with some mothers. B.He comforted his classmates
810、.C.He had difficulty in sleeping.D.He suffered from stomachache.解析事实细节题。根据文章第一段第二句可知答案为D。答案D2.Sports day is still an annul event in this school probably because .A.this is an independent schoolB.it is a tradition of the schoolC.it helps children lose weight D.children enjoy watching sports解析事实细节题。根据
811、文章第三段倒数第二句可知答案为B。答案B3.What does the author think about team games?A.They should include more stressful races. B.They are acceptable to different children.C.They should be abandoned at primary schools.D.They are less fun for those who love running.解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知不同的孩子对团体运动的接受程度是不同的，有的孩子认为是享受，有的认为是噩
812、梦，故选B。答案B4.What is the authors attitude towards sports day?A.Critical. B.Neutral.C.Positive. D.Ambiguous.解析观点态度题。根据文章最后一段可知，作者希望减少一些竞技项目，多加入一些娱乐项目以减小孩子的压力。因此作者是持批评态度的。故选A。答案APassage 5(2013新课标全国)话题：读书上的撒谎词数：285It happened to me recently.I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obam
813、as Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President.A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was，in his words，“a brilliantly (精彩地) written book”.However，he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.I sensed that
814、 I was talking to a book liar.And it seems that my friend is not the only one.Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they havent.In the World Book Days “Report on Guilty Secrets”，Dreams From My Father is at number 9.The report lists ten books，and various authors，whic
815、h people have lied about reading，and as Im not one to lie too often (Id hate to be caught out)，Ill admit here and now that I havent read the entire top ten.But I am pleased to say that，unlike 42 percent of people，I have read the book at number one，George Orwells 1984.I think its really brilliant.The
816、 World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it.It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen，Charles Dickens，Fyodor Dostoevsky (I havent read him，but havent lied about it either) and Herman Melville.Asked why they lied，the most common reason was to “impress” so
817、meone they were speaking to.This could be tricky if the conversation became more indepth!But when asked which authors they actually enjoy，people named J.K.Rowling，John Grisham，Sophie Kinsella (ah，the big sellers，in other words).Fortytwo percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the
818、 book to read the end before finishing the story (Ill come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so).【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。在读书方面，作者发现有许多人总是在别人面前说谎，说自己曾经读过哪方面的书，这样做是为了给别人留下深刻印象，显示自己有学问。但是，如果继续针对书的内容与其进行探讨，随着话题的不断深入，往往说谎者会原形毕露。1.How did the author find his friend a book
819、liar?A.By judging his manner of speaking.B.By looking into his background.C.By mentioning a famous name.D.By discussing the book itself.解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A friend I was talking.However，he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.”可知，作者的朋友说奥巴马
820、的父亲的梦想这本书写得很精彩，但是后来的话暗示他根本不知道奥巴马的背景情况，很显然，作者的朋友并没有读过那本书。由此可知，作者是在和朋友讨论书的内容时，发现了朋友是在说谎。故答案选D。答案D2.Which of the following is a “guilty secret” according to the World Book Day report?A.Charles Dickens is very low on the topten list.B.42% of people pretended to have read 1984.C.The author admitted havin
821、g read 9 books.D.Dreams From My Father is hardly read.解析细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“But I am pleased to say that，unlike 42 percent of people，I have read the book at number one，George Orwells 1984.”及第四句中的“which people have lied about reading，and as Im not one to lie too often”可知，有42%的人假装读过乔治奥威尔的1984这本书，B项内容符合题意
822、。故答案选B。答案B3.By lying about reading，a person hopes to .A.control the conversation B.appear knowledgeableC.learn about the book D.make more friends解析推理判断题。根据第四段并结合下文可知，一个人之所以在读书方面说谎是为了想给别人留下深刻的印象，显得自己有学问。由此结合选项可知，答案B符合题意。答案B4.What is the authors attitude to 58% of readers?A.Favorable. B.Uncaring.C.Dou
823、btful. D.Friendly.解析观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，42%的调查者承认他们在没读完故事之前就会翻看书的结尾部分，而作者坦白自己也曾这样做过，但是作者惊讶地发现，有58%的人说他们从未这样做过。由此可知，作者对此持有怀疑的态度。故答案选C。答案CPassage 6(2013北京)话题：名人词数：354Does Fame Drive You Crazy?Although being famous might sound like a dream come true，todays star，feeling like zoo animals，face pressures that f
824、ew of us can imagine.They are at the center of much of the worlds attention.Paparazzi (狗仔队) camp outside their homes，cameras ready.Tabloids (小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature!A
825、ccording to psychologist Christina Villareal，celebritiesfamous peopleworry constantly about their public appearance.Eventually，they start to lose track of who they really are，seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them，not as the people they were before everyone knew their names.“Over time，” V
826、illareal says，“they feel separated and alone.”The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages.In the 4th century B.C.，painters followed Alexander the Great into battle，hoping to picture his victories for his admirers.When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century，his soldou
827、t readings attracted thousands of fans，leading him to complain (抱怨) about his lack of privacy.Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about filmstars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.Being a public figure today，however，is a lot more difficult than it used to be.Supersta
828、rs cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.When they say something silly or do something ridiculous，there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.If fame is so troublesome，why arent all celebrities running away from
829、 it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it.Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities.They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first plac
830、e.Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice.Still，even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are.They are tired of being famous already.【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者对名人没有隐私可言、生活压力巨大的生活状况进行了剖析，对狗仔队的行为进行了批判，同时对名人表示同情。1.It can be learned from the passage that stars today
831、 .A.are often misunderstood by the publicB.can no longer have their privacy protectedC.spend too much on their public appearanceD.care little about how they have come into fame解析细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，名人就像动物园里的动物，面临着我们难以想象的巨大压力，无论何时何地，总有狗仔队跟拍，常有小报刊登关于他们私生活的故事，因此他们不再有隐私可言。故答案选B。答案B2.What is the main idea of
832、 Paragraph 3?A.Great heroes of the past were generally admired.B.The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.C.Wellknown actors are usually targets of tabloids.D.Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.解析段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段首句为本段的中心句，即名人遭跟拍现象由来已久，在公元前4世纪就存在了。故答案选B。答案B3.What makes
833、it much harder to be a celebrity today?A.Availability of modern media.B.Inadequate social recognition.C.Lack of favorable chances.D.Huge population of fans.解析细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，作为公众人物，他们的一言一行都会被迅速曝光，现代化媒体的运用，使得名人的私生活过得更加困难。故答案选A。答案A4.What is the authors attitude toward modern celebrity?A.Sincere. B.Sce
834、ptical.C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic.解析观点态度题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段可知，作者认为名人生活压力巨大，表示了对他们的同情。故答案选D。答案DPassage 7(2012辽宁)话题：So All May Eat餐馆词数：214Inside the pleasingly fragrant cafe，So All May Eat (SAME) in downtown Denver，the spirit of generosity(慷慨) is instantly noticeable: A donation box stands in place of a
835、 cash register.Customers here pay only what they can afford，no questions asked.A risky business plan，perhaps，but SAME Cafe has done one unchangeable thing in the Mile High City for six years: Open only at midday，the restaurant provides poor local people with healthy，delicious lunches six days a week
836、.Those unable to pay for their meal can instead volunteer as waiters and waitresses，and dishwashers，or look after the buildings and equipment for the cafe.“Its based on trust，and its working all right”，says coowner Brad Birky，who started the cafe in 2006 with his wife Libby.Previously volunteering a
837、t soup kitchens，the Birkys were dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals they served there.“We wanted to offer quality food in a restaurant where everyone felt comfortable，regardless of their circumstances.” Birky says.SAMEs special lunch menu changes daily and most food materials are natural and
838、 grown by local farmers.The cafe now averages 65 to 70 customers (and eight volunteers) a day.And the spirit of generosity behind the project appears to be spreading.In early 2007，one volunteer who had cleared snow for his meals during the long winter said goodbye to the Birkys.“ He said he was goin
839、g to New Orleans to help with the hurricane clearup.” says Birky.【语篇导读】本文介绍了一家餐馆给穷人提供健康美味的食物，饭钱由消费的人随意付，能付得起多少付多少。付不起钱的人也可以在这里做志愿者工作来抵饭钱。这一切都是建立在诚信的基础上。这种精神不断传播开来，感染了更多的人去帮助别人。1.What can we learn about the soup kitchens the Birkys previously worked for?A.They refused to have volunteers.B.They offere
840、d low quality food.C.They provided customers with a good environment.D.They closed down because of poor management.解析细节理解题。第三段最后一句：Birky夫妇对soup kitchens经常提供不健康的食物感到不满。由此可知，他们提供劣质食物。B项正确。答案B2.According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE?A.The customers who cannot pay can work as volunteers
841、 instead.B.More volunteers will go to New Orleans for the hurricane cleanup.C.Many new cafes will be opened to offer free lunches in the town.D.The lunch menu has remained the same since the cafe was started.解析细节理解题。第二段最后一句说的是：那些付不起饭钱的人可以志愿去当服务员、洗碗工，或是维护餐馆的房屋和设备，与A项表述一致。答案A3.The authors attitude tow
842、ards running such a cafe is .A.unfavorable B.approvingC.doubtful D.cautious解析观点态度题。作者介绍餐馆使用了很多表示夸赞性的语句，如the spirit of generosity is instantly noticeable，the restaurant provides poor local people with healthy，delicious lunches, its based on trust，its working all right，offer quality food, regardless o
843、f their circumstances，the spirit of generosity behind the project appears to be spreading等，这些描述清楚地显示出作者的赞同态度。答案BPassage 8(2011陕西)话题：转基因技术词数：291Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s，genetically modified (GM，转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many cou
844、ntries in the world，mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis.But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would，is it the best solution?Despite what it promises，GM technology actually has not increased the production potential(潜力) of any crop.In fact，stu
845、dies show that the most widely grown GM crop，GM soybeans，has suffered reduced productivity.For instance，a report that analysed nearly two decades of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.Something else，however，has been on th
846、e rise.While GM seeds are expensive，GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides(杀虫剂).On the contrary，US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops.“ The promise was that yo
847、u could use less chemicals and boost production.But neither is true，” said Bill Christison，President of the US National Farm Coalition.At the same time，the authors of the book World Hunger；Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not
848、caused by production，but by problems in food distribution and politics.These indeed deserve our efforts and money.Meanwhile，the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food，according to a 2008 World Bank report.As a matter of fact，scientists see better ways t
849、o feed the world.Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger，because better ways out are available，among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文，就转基因技术到底是否提高作物的产量加以议论。1.The author develops th
850、e second paragraph mainly .A.by classification B.by comparisonC.by example D.by process解析推理判断题。本段开头提出观点“转基因技术没有提高作物产量”，紧接着用事例证明这一观点，因此选C。而A选项是“通过分类”；B选项是“通过比较”；D选项是“通过过程”。答案C2.What does the underlined word “boost ” in the third paragraph probably mean?A.Control. B.Evaluate C.Obtain. D.Increase.解析词义猜
851、测题。此题的词义推测是根据上文的less chemicals推断的。转基因技术承诺“更少的化学药品”，与之并列的应为“增加产量”。答案D3.GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit from .A.practicing “green” farmingB.use of less chemicalsC.fair distribution of their cropsD.using more crops for fuel解析细节理解题。文章第三段第四行引号中的话说明B是正确的。A选项的“green farming”是更好的解决世界贫困和饥
852、饿问题的方法，而不是指转基因技术；C选项在第四段，是饥饿问题的根源；而D选项在第四段最后一句，是食物价格上涨的原因，而与转基因技术的好处无关。答案B4.Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology?A.Optimistic. B.Defensive.C.Disapproving. D.Casual.解析观点态度题。文章第二段明确提出转基因技术并没有增加产量，第三段说增加了杀虫剂的使用，最后一段说转基因技术没能帮助解决世界贫困和饥饿问题，因此看出作者对这一技术的态度是否定的，不赞同的，故选C，“不赞同”。而A选项为“乐观的”；B选项为“防范的”；D选项为“不在乎的”。答案C1.题型多样：仍以细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题等题型为主。2.体裁多样：以记叙文、说明文和议论文为主。3.题材丰富：紧贴生活和时代，反映英美文化特点，涉及政治、人物、经济、动物、新闻、教育、生态、节日、卫生等话题。4.难度不会有太大变化，但是会在语言、词汇、选材等方面有更大突破，更加强调对考生语言运用能力的考查。
