1、第一部分 词法篇动词语法专题经典品味 洞察考向专题精析 考点突破内容索引 精选模拟 强化训练经典品味 洞察考向考查时态。文章叙述了熊猫妈妈对孩子的照顾，用了一般过去时，空格处也需用一般过去时且为主动形式，故用drive的过去式drove。考点一 动词的时态和语态.语法填空考点聚焦 考向1 一般时的主动语态 1.However，it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then，after two and a half years，the mother(drive)the youngpanda away.(2016四川
2、)典题 试做 drove 答案 解析 此处指这种循环日复一日地不断持续下去，由冒号后内容的时态可知这种情况是客观事实，故用一般现在时态。2.This cycle(go)day after day：The walls warm up during theday and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.(2015全国)答案 解析 goes考查时态和被动语态。根据语境及allow sb.to do sth.这一用法可知，此处要用一般过去时的被动语
3、态形式。考向2 被动语态 1.So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profitPanda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research.I_(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.(2016全国)答案 解析 was allowed根据句意筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语态might bedone。2.Truly elegant chopsticks m
4、ight(make)of gold and silver withChinese characters.(2016全国)答案 解析 be made考查时态和被动语态。大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实，故用一般现在时；panda与love之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is loved。3.The giant panda(love)by people throughout the world.(2016四川)答案 解析 is loved根据上下文语境可知此处要用一般现在时。.短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)考向1 文中前后时态不一致 1.It is always crowded w
5、ith customers at meal times.Some people evenhad to wait outside.My uncle tells me that.(2016全国)答案 解析 have考查一般现在时的用法。我认为这是一个好主意。根据上下文可知，此处并不是过去的看法，而是现在的看法。2.I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost much，yet we can stilllearn a lot.(2016全国)答案 解析 think根据上下文可知此处应用一般过去时态。3.However，my parents did
6、nt seem to think so.They always tell mewhat to do and how to do it.(2016全国)答案 解析 told根据主句内容my father would lift my sister 可知while引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。故chat改成chatted。4.While they chat，my father would lift my sister and me up to sit onthe top of the fridge.(2016浙江)答案 解析 chatted5.Dad and I planned to do som
7、ething on Mothers Day.We get upearly in the morning.Dad cleaned the house，and then wentshopping.(2016四川)由前句中的planned和后句中的cleaned，went可知此处用一般过去时。答案 解析 gotstudies与show之间为主动关系，所以删除been。考向2 谓语动词的结构形式错误 1.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has alreadybecome a very serious problem.(2015全国
8、)答案 解析 句子的主语为A woman，谓语为saw，crying为宾补，and连接的是两个谓语，而不是两个宾补，所以telling改为told。2.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.(2015全国)答案 解析 toldwas scared 与 begun是由and连接的两个并列谓语，由was scared可知应用一般过去时，begin的过去式是began，begun是其过去分词，所以begun改为began。3.Tony was scared and begun to cry.(2015全国)答案
9、 解析 began因为句中已有谓语动词was，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因permit与reporter之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式作后置定语。考点二 非谓语动词.语法填空考点聚焦 考向1 作定语 1.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show inthe mid-1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter_(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvatio
10、nin the wild.(2016全国)答案 解析 permitted不定式to eat作定语，修饰前面的不定代词something。句意为：25天中，她寸步不离她的孩子，甚至不去找东西吃！2.For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something_(eat)！(2016四川)答案 解析 to eat句中已有谓语动词arranges，故应考虑此处填非谓语动词。由于live与其所修饰的名词people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用表示主动意义的现在分词形式。3.Abercrombie&Kent，a travel company
11、 in Hong Kong，says itregularly arranges quick getaways here for people _(live)inShanghai and Hong Kong.(2015全国)living 答案 解析 由句子结构可知，include后缺宾语，而include后需跟动名词作宾语。考向2 作主语、宾语(补足语)或表语 1.My ambassadorial duties will include(introduce)Britishvisitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a rese
12、archcentre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.(2016全国)答案 解析 introducing句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，该句结构为It takes时间to do sth.。2.It took years of work(reduce)the industrial pollution andclean the water.(2014新课标全国)答案 解析 to reduce3.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellingsadmirable is
13、 their ability to“air condition”a house without(use)electric equipment.(2015全国)介词without之后的动词要用动名词形式。答案 解析 using4.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused(1)(stop)until we reached the next stop.Still，the boy kept(2)(ride).(2014新课标全国)(1)refuse后接动词作宾语时，要用其不定式形式，即refuseto do
14、sth.“拒绝做某事”。答案 解析 to stop(2)keep后接动名词作宾语，意为“继续做某事”。故填riding。答案 解析 riding5.One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about _(be)late for school.(2014新课标全国)空格前面是介词about，后面的动词应使用v.-ing形式，因此应填being。答案 解析 being考向3 作状语 1.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal_(create)special designs.(20
15、16全国)考查动词不定式作目的状语。句中已有谓语combine，故此处应考虑填非谓语动词，combine various hardwoods and metal的目的是to createspecial designs，故填动词不定式。答案 解析 to create2.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.Peopleprobably cooked their food in large pots，(use)twigs(树枝)toremove it.(2016全国)考查现在分词作方式状语。句中已有谓语cooked，且无其
16、他连接词，use与主句主语存在主动关系，故填现在分词形式作方式状语。答案 解析 using考向4 祈使句及其他固定句式结构 1.It could be anythinggardening，cooking，music，sportsbutwhatever it is，(make)sure its a relief from daily stress ratherthan another thing to worry about.(2016全国)根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，故谓语要用动词原形。答案 解析 make2.If you find something you love doing out
17、side of the office，youll beless likely(bring)your work home.(2016全国)固定表达be likely to do.很可能做某事。答案 解析 to bring3.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and arenow cold enough _(cool)the house during the hot day；at the sametime，they warm up again for the night.(2015全国)“形容词enough动词不定式”
18、为一常用句式。答案 解析 to cool.短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)考向1 主动与被动的混用 Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil areusing for cooking.(2016全国)考查被动语态。fresh vegetables and high quality oil与use之间为被动关系。be used for被用于。答案 解析 used考向2 形容词化的现在分词与过去分词之间的混用 1.It was both excited and frightening to be up t
19、here！(2016浙江)it为这句话的形式主语，真正的主语是to be up there，主语是物的时候，表语应该用现在分词形式的形容词。故excited改成exciting。答案 解析 exciting2.Mom was grateful and moving.(2016四川)主语是Mom，故用-ed形容词作表语。答案 解析 moved考向3 固定结构以及平行结构中非谓语动词的形式错误 1.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.(2016全国)此处用动名词作介词by的宾语。答案 解析 wearing2.He woul
20、d ask who we were and pretend not to knowing us.(2016浙江)pretend后面接不定式作宾语，这里是否定式pretend not to do。故knowing改成know。答案 解析 know3.We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.(2016全国)此处为between.and.结构，根据前面的staying at home可知，此处也要用动名词形式，与前面保持一致。答案 解析 taking4.The position of the classroom with its v
21、iew made me felt like I wasdreaming.(2015浙江)make后跟复合宾语，当宾补为动词且与宾语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，用动词原形。答案 解析 feel5.I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.(2015浙江)动词enjoy后要接动名词作宾语。答案 解析 sitting6.Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really wantshare with you some of the problems I h
22、ave been experiencing.(2015四川)want后跟带to的不定式作宾语。答案 解析 to7.Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.(2015四川)spend some time(in)doing sth.花费时间做某事。答案 解析 singing8.I might have to retire again next year just get some more of thesebiscuits.(2015陕西)句意为：我也许明年得再退休一次，只是为了能得到更多的饼干。故此处用动词不定式表示目的。答案
23、解析 to 9.My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy thebiscuits with happy laughter！(2015陕西)分析句子结构可知，本句谓语动词是is，enjoy所表示的动作用来说明mycoach and me的状态，且它们之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。答案 解析 enjoying10.Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch anddinner，which might not be served unt
24、il 8 oclock at night.(2013新课标全国)分析句式结构可知句子的主语应为Have tea in the late afternoon这部分，动词原形不能作句子的主语，所以应该用动名词形式作主语。答案 解析 Having考点三 情态动词和虚拟语气.语法填空考点聚焦 考向1 常见情态动词 Mum：Are they there?Oh，my goodness.I _ have put them inthere when the phone rang.(2014新课标全国样卷)动词原形前常跟情态动词或助动词。根据句意，是对过去发生的动作的最有把握的猜测，故肯定句中用must hav
25、e done形式。答案 解析 must.短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)考向1 情态动词后动词形式的错用 1.Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepareddinner and they would talk about his day and hers.(2016浙江)考查情态动词基本用法。根据语境知，此处是描述的过去的一种习惯，故用would do表示“过去常常做”。would have done表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。答案 解析 2.We must found ways to protec
26、t our environment.(2015全国)情态动词后面要接动词原形。答案 解析 find考向2 虚拟语气中情态动词或谓语动词形式的错用 1.Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.(2016全国)考查虚拟语气。suggest表示“建议”时，后面的宾语从句的谓语动词要用should do形式，should可以省略，故答案有两种改法。答案 解析 should或Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.2.If you a
27、re me，would you talk to them？(2015四川)此处是虚拟语气，表示与现在情况相反，所以要把are改为were。答案 解析 were一、动词在语法填空中的考查 在语法填空中，动词的考查主要考虑时态、语态、非谓语动词、语气、主谓一致等。近三年全国卷最常考的谓语动词是一般过去时或者主语是第三人称单数的一般现在时，并会涉及到主谓一致与虚拟语气的考查，情态动词还未考过；被动语态常会涉及一般现在时或一般过去时的被动语态；而非谓语动词主要考查其基本形式：to do(即to原形)，doing(即-ing形式)，done(即-ed形式)。完全 解读 应对策略 1.句中若缺少谓语，注意
28、要考虑所给动词的时态和语态。(1)判断时态首先要确定时间，然后根据动作发生的状态来判断应该运用哪种时态。有时也可以根据空格后和该句中已经存在的谓语动词的并列关系来确定时态。(2)句中缺少谓语，且与主语存在被动关系，考虑根据时间和动作存在的方式，确定相应时态的被动语态。注意：只有及物动词才有被动语态。2.如果句中已有谓语动词，并确定所给动词要填写为非谓语动词，就要考虑是v.-ing形式、过去分词形式还是动词不定式。分析非谓语动词在句中作何成分，再根据各非谓语动词特点确定填哪种形式。(1)对于不定式的考查，需注意不定式的时态和语态，熟记常考跟不定式作宾语的动词以及一些常考句式。(2)现在分词作状语
29、，表示自然而然的结果或伴随，且与句子主语构成逻辑上的主动关系。另外，现在分词的一般式作状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词同时或相继发生；现在分词的完成式作时间状语，往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生。现在分词作定语表示动作的主动或正在进行；动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作；此外，应熟记能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语。(3)过去分词可作状语、定语或补语，表示被动与完成；若作表语常考的为形容词性化的过去分词；过去分词不可作主语或宾语。(4)独立主格和with复合结构的非谓语动词要考虑与复合宾语的逻辑关系。3.对于情态动词在语法填空中的考查，主要注意情态动词的一般用法以及“情态动词have done
30、”；而对于虚拟语气的考查除了注意情态动词的选用，还需注意一般过去时与过去完成时在虚拟语气中的考查。二、动词在短文改错中的考查 短文改错中对于谓语动词的考查点常会涉及到考查上下文时态不一致、被动语态漏掉be或过去分词拼写错误，句中出现多个谓语动词且无连词的错误；非谓语动词形式错误常会涉及本该用不定式或动名词却用了原形，不定式符号to的多用或少用也常考，在介词或某些动词后本应接动名词的却用了原形、本应用现在分词的却用了过去分词等。情态动词与虚拟语气在短文改错中的考查常涉及情态动词后的动词形式错误或be动词遗漏，情态动词混用或虚拟语气中情态动词以及时态的错用。应对策略 做动词类改错题时，需注意以下几
31、个方面：1.判断一般现在时与一般过去时是否错用;2.and，but，so，or等并列连词前后的时态是否一致；3.除了时态，还要注意主谓是否一致；4.看是否考查虚拟语气；5.看谓语部分是否缺少动词，特别是be动词；6.看动词的形式是否正确，尤其是第三人称单数形式是否错用；7.看主动语态和被动语态是否错用；8.作主语或宾语不能用动词原形，通常改为-ing形式或不定式。因在短文改错中，只能改一个词，如果主语是原形，就只能改为-ing形式了；9.熟记其后只能接-ing或只能接to do作宾语的动词；10.介词后要用动词的-ing形式。注意区分to是介词还是不定式符号；11.熟记一些固定短语或句式中的非
32、谓语动词形式；12.根据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系来确定用-ing形式还是用-ed形式；13.别混淆谓语动词与非谓语动词；14.看句中情态动词是否运用正确；15.看是否考查虚拟语气；若是考查虚拟语气，注意分清主句与分句中的时态关系以及不同句式中的虚拟语气构成形式。专题精析 考点突破专题1 动词的时态和语态专题2 非谓语动词专题3 情态动词和虚拟语气专题1 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态的形式 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 主动 被动 主动 被动 主动 被动 主动 被动 一般 do/does am/is/are done did was/were done shall/will do shal
33、l/will be done should/would do should/would be done 进行 am/is/are doingam/is/are being donewas/were doing was/were being done shall/will be doing shall/will be being done should/would be doing should/would be being done 完成 have/has done have/has been done had done had been done shall/will have done s
34、hall/will have been done should/would have done should/would have been done 完成 进行 have/has been doing had been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing 动词时态的核心考点 1.一般现在时考点分析(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。Time and tide wait for no man.(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间
35、状语连用。Ice feels cold.These oranges taste good.They always care for each other and help each other.(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时，如see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，agree，believe，like，hate，want，think，belong to，seem等。He likes his bike.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常
36、用一般现在时代替将来时。Ill write to her when I have time.(5)少数用于表示起止或转移等的动词如come，go，leave，arrive，fly，return，start，begin，open，close，end，stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。The shop closes at 11：00 p.m.every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.2.一般过去时考点分析(1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去
37、的具体时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事。We met her in the street yesterday.When he was young，he took cold baths regularly.I didnt expect to see you studying at the library.(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。He told me he read an interesting novel last night.(3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，由
38、以下词语连接，常用一般过去时。如：but，and，when，as soon as，immediately，the moment，theminute等。He bought a watch but lost it.The moment she came in，she told me what had happened to her.(4)常用一般过去时的句型。Why didnt you think of that?I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didnt recogn
39、ize him.3.一般将来时考点分析(1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用will/shall动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，next week等。We will have a meeting tomorrow.Well die without air or water.(2)表示趋向行为的动词如come，go，start，begin，leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。The students are leaving on Sunday.(3)一般将来时的其他表达方式be going to do，be to do，be about to do的用法及区别：be
40、going to在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事、必然或很可能发生的事，也可用来表示自然现象。The railway is going to be open on October 1st.be to do表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3：00 oclock this afternoon.Youre to be back before five oclock.be about to do表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumn harvest is about to star
41、t.注意：be going to do表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。be going to表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。If it is fine，well go fishing.If it is fine，we are going to go fishing.4.现在进行时考点分析(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在进行的动作；表示近期特定的安排或计划；go，come等表示移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；与alw
42、ays，often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。He is working on a paper.She is teaching English and learning Chinese.I am meeting Mr.Wang tonight.We are leaving on Friday.The girl is always talking loud in public.(2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。表示心理状态、情感的动词：like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，want，mind，wish，agree，mean，need等。
43、表示存在状态的动词：appear，exist，lie，remain，seem，belongto等。表示行为结果的动词：allow，accept，permit，promise，admit，complete等。表示感官的动词：see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。5.过去完成时考点分析(1)常用过去完成时的几种情况。在by，by the end of，by the time，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。By the end of last year，we had produced 20,000 c
44、ars.The train had left before we reached the station.表 示 未 曾 实 现 的 希 望、打 算、意 图、诺 言 等，常 用 hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即：hoped/planned.to have done。We had planned to finish the work before dark，but we were held up bya heavy rain.“时间名词before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去
45、完成时；“时间名词ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.在hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner.than.句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一就”。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.No sooner had webeen seate
46、d than the bus started.(2)在before或after引导的时间状语从句中可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he(had)left the room，the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.6.过去将来时考点分析 过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。He always said that he would study hard at that time.7.过去进行时考点分析 过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
47、He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.8.现在完成时考点分析(1)现在完成时除可以和for，since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介 词 短 语 连 用：during/in/over the last(past)few years(months，weeks.)，in recent years，so far，up to now等。(2)下列句型中常用现在完成时。It is(has been)一段时间since从句 This(That/It)is the first(second.)time that现在完成时 This(
48、That/It)is the best/finest/most interesting.that现在完成时(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment，you will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.9.注意几组时态的区别(1)一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡含有过去时间的，如ago，last yea
49、r，just now，the other day等均用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。(2)过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓”)的形式则只用一般过去时即可。.单句语法填空 1.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course.Being too anxious to help an event develop
50、 often _(result)in thecontrary to our intention.2.By the time you have finished this book，your meal(get)cold.3.Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I(do).resultswill getam doing题组训练1 4.Did you predict that many students(sign)up for the dancecompetition?5.In order to find the missing child，
51、villagers(do)allthey can over the past five hours.6.This is the first time we(see)a film in the cinema togetheras a family.have been doinghave seenwould sign.单句改错(每小题1处错误)1.As I tell you last time，I made three new friends here.2.My soccer coach retired last week.I wanted to do something specialfor h
52、im at his retirement party.My mum makes the best biscuits in theworld，so I decide to ask her for help.(2014陕西)3.I was taking a train to Londons Victoria Station.I had noticed thatthe carriage was noisy and filled with people.(2014浙江)tolddecided4.The teacher told us that the sun rose in the east.5.Su
53、ddenly Mary，my best friend，asking me to let her copy myanswers.6.Do you want to know why we move last week?risesaskedmoved7.I knew that they will be worried about me because I was so far away，and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.8.Thank you for all you had done for me.Mom，though I may noto
54、ften say it，I do love you.havewould动词被动语态的核心考点 动 词 的 被 动 语 态 的 构 成 方 式：be 过 去 分 词，口 语 中 也 用“get/become过去分词”表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。1.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me(by
55、my friend)on my birthday.I was given an interesting book(by my friend)on my birthday.(2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long(by the boss).(3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were taken good care of(by her).Your pronunciation and spell
56、ing should be paid attention to.(4)情态动词，be going to，be to，be sure to，have to等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be过去分词”。We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.(5)当句子的谓语为say，believe，expect，think，know，write，consider，report等时，被动语态有两种形式：谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从
57、句来表示。People say he is a smart boy.He is said to be a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first.Paper was known to be made in China first.It is known that paper was made in China first.类似句型有：It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that.2.不能用被动语态的几
58、种情况(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如：last，hold，contain，fit，cost等。(3)表示归属的动词，如have，own，belong to等。(4)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。3.主动形式表被动意义(1)当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时；当cut，read，sell，wear，writ
59、e，wash等作为不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。The fish smells good.This kind of cloth washes easily.These novels wont sell well.My pen writes smoothly.The door wont lock.(2)当break out，take place，shut off，turn off，work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on th
60、e wall turned off.(3)want，require，need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。(4)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。(5)在“be形容词to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.注意：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。4.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况 be seated坐着；be hidden躲藏；be lost迷路；be dr
61、unk喝醉；bedressed穿着 5.被动语态与系表结构的区别 此处的系表结构指“连系动词用作表语的过去分词”结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别：被动语态强调动作；系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)The book is well sold.(系表结构).单句语法填空 1.If you listen to rap music，you will notice how the lyrics(歌词)_(speak)in the background of the songs.2.He was
62、seen(run)into the classroom by us.3.Such a thing has never(hear)of before.4.Dont worry.The hard work that you do now(repay)later in life.5.You were warned not(eat)too much meat.6.Great changes(take)place in our school since 2010.are spokento runbeen heardwill be repaidto eathave taken题组训练2.单句改错(每小题1
63、处错误)1.A talk on American culture will be giving in the school hall thisweekend.2.When you get the paper back，pay special attention to what havemarked.3.He has bought this bicycle since he attended middle school.givenbeen had4.They are living with their parents for the moment because their ownhouse i
64、s rebuilt.5.I still remember the soup made by my grandmother was tasted sodelicious that the whole family enjoyed it.being .语法填空(动词的时态和语态专练)A university graduate described as a“respectable and intelligent”woman 1.(seek)professional help after being convicted of(证明有罪)shoplifting for the second time i
65、n six months.Aha Luz，recently studying for PhD 2.(tell)she wouldend up behind bars unless she can control the desire to steal from shops.Luz，who 3.(live)with her partner in Fitzwdliam Road，Cambridge,4.(admit)stealing clothes worth 9.95 pounds fromLewis in Oxford Street，London，on March 9.is seekingha
66、s been toldlivesadmittedPhilip Lomoyne，prosecuting(起诉)，said Luz 5.(select)some clothes from a display and 6.(take)them to the ladies toiletin the store.When she came out again she 7.(wear)one of theskirts she 8.(select)，having taken off the anti-theft securityalarm.She 9.(stop)and caught after leavi
67、ng the store withoutpaying，Mr.Lomoyne said.He added that she was upset on her arrestand 10.(apologize)for her actions.selectedtookwas wearinghad selectedwas stoppedapologized书面表达中谓语动词易错点聚焦 1.中式英语比比皆是(误)I very like listen music and every day I also will see somenewspapers.(正)I like listening to music
68、 very much and every day I read somenewspapers as well.(习惯性动作用一般现在时)(误)I dont know I should do what.(正)I dont know what I should do.2.句子没有谓语动词或一个句子中出现多个谓语(误)The windows broken.(正)The windows broke.(正)The windows are(were)broken.(误)Today，the largest number of people speak English may be in China.(正)T
69、oday，the largest number of people who speak English may be inChina.(正)Today，the largest number of people speaking English may be inChina.3.动词的时态、语态及系动词be的乱用(误)Recently，the CCTV and some TVs began to take some measures.(正)Recently，the CCTV and some TVs have begun to take somemeasures.(误)She liked it
70、very much and reads it to the class.(正)She liked it very much and read it to the class.(误)People were used to believe that the earth was flat.(正)People used to believe that the earth was flat.(误)Our village has taken place great changes.(误)Great changes have been taken place in our village.(正)Great
71、changes have taken place in our village.专题2 非谓语动词非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 分词 现在 一般式 Doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 过去 一般式 done(v
72、i.)表完成 done(vt.)表被动与完成 非谓语动词的核心考点 1.非谓语动词作状语(1)不定式作状语 表示目的 I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前常加only。George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him.(2)现在分词作状语 一般式doing 表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。The sun began to rise i
73、n the sky，bathing the mountain in goldenlight.(主动关系)完成式having done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。I got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 7：30 train fromPaddington.被动式having been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderfulfilm.(被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语
74、动词动作之前)(3)过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系。Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.(被动关系)2.非谓语动词作定语(1)现在分词作定语 现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，therewas a pile of mails waiting for her.(2)不定式作定语 不定式作定语表示未做的事情。His f
75、irst book to be published next month is based on a true story.不定式作定语的特殊用法：下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，right，courage，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is no one to look after her.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。She is now looking for a room to live in.(3)过
76、去分词作定语 过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.His first book published last month is based on a true story.注意：表示心理状态的动词-ing形式，意为“令人的”；动词-ed形式，意为“(人)感到的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。3.非谓语动词作宾语(1)动词afford，pro
77、mise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等后面接不定式作宾语；动词come，get，grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地”。David refused to accept my invitation.She has a hot temper，but you will grow to like her.注意：下列单词或短语后可接“疑问词不定式”作宾语：teach，decide，wonder
78、，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss等。I dont know how to deal with this kind of matter.(2)动词admit，appreciate，avoid，consider(考虑)，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggest等后要接动词-ing形式作宾语。Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the
79、 Expo during thevacation.动词短语cant stand，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，lookforward to，put off，devote.to，object to，be busy(in)，get down to，have difficulty/trouble(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，have fun等后要接动词-ing形式作宾语。I had great difficulty(in)finding the suitable food on the menu in th
80、atrestaurant.介词后要接动名词作宾语，如what about，how about，be fond of，begood at等的介词后接动名词。注意on/upon doing sth.as soon as 引导的从句，作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。On his arrival/On arriving at the station，he found the train had juststarted.注意：表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语；表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式作宾语。I like listening to music，but today I dont like
81、to.want，require，need表“需要”讲，后用不定式时，要用其被动形式；用动名词时，用其主动形式(表被动意义)。The patient required to be examined.The patient required examining.4.非谓语动词作主语(1)动名词作主语 Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates anadded pleasure.It is no use crying over spilt milk.(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)(2)不定式作主语 To see
82、 is to believe.Seeing is believing.It is important to respect people.(不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语)5.非谓语动词作宾补(1)分词作补语的区别 现在分词作宾补的两大特征：一是宾语与现在分词有主谓关系；二是现在分词所表示的动作正在进行。可接现在分词作宾补的动词(短语)常见的有：have，see，hear，find，get，leave，notice，watch，keep，start，set，catch，smell，feel，send，listen to，look at等。I looked up and noticed a s
83、nake winding its way up the tree to catch itsbreakfast.I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by herroom yesterday.(被动，正在进行)过去分词作宾补的两大特征：一是及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有动宾关系；二是不及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有主谓关系，多用来表示动作已完成。可接过去分词作宾补的动词有：have，see，hear，fin
84、d，leave，want，make等。Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.(2)不定式作补语 接带to的不定式作宾补，此类动词(短语)有：advise，allow，ask，cause，command，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，hate，invite，leave，like，mean，order，permit，persuade，prefer，request，tell，w
85、ant，warn，wish，call on，depend on/upon，long for，wait for等。I didnt mean you to hear it.Were all longing for the new term to begin.Im sorry，I cant go out with you.I have an urgent thing to settle.接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)有：make，have，let等使役动词以及see，watch，notice，observe，look at，feel，hear，listen to等感官动词。如果这些动词或短语
86、用于被动语态，则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.She was seen to enter the managers office ten minutes ago.(3)with宾语宾补 The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work fi
87、nished，hegladly accepted it.With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president ishaving a hard time.6.非谓语动词作表语(1)动名词作表语时，说明主语的内容。The queens work is laying eggs.(2)不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。His ambition is to go to Harvard University.注意：现在分词或过去分词作表语时，通常为分词化的形容词。.单句语法填空 1.He sud
88、denly appeared in class one day，(wear)sunglasses.2.She wished that he was as easy(please)as her mother，whowas always delighted with perfume.3.(build)in 1192，the bridge is over 800 years old.4.(collect)stamps seems to be his main hobby.5.I didnt talk much to the man(sit)next to me.wearingto pleaseBui
89、ltCollectingsitting题组训练 6.She avoided(answer)the teachers questions.7.It has been his dream(travel)round the world.8.Weather(permit)，well have an outing tomorrow.answeringto travelpermitting.单句改错(每小题1处错误)1.I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.2.Last year，she decided study abro
90、ad.3.He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people.4.I look forward to see her again in the near future.5.Well，I had better to stop now.takento talkingseeing6.We sat by the fire，have our barbecue.7.Felt hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued a fish.8.I tried hard to do it.Sudd
91、enly，Mary，my best friend，asking me tolet her copy my answers.havingFeelingasked.语法填空(非谓语动词专练)There is a wonderful story about a young girl who had no familyand no one 1.(love)her.One day,2.(feel)very sad and lonely，she was walkingthrough a grassland when she noticed a small butterfly 3.(catch)in a t
92、horny bush.The young girl carefully released the butterfly.Insteadof 4.(fly)away，the little butterfly changed into a beautiful fairy.“In return for your wonderful kindness，”the good fairy saidto the girl，“I will give you any wish that you would like 5.(get).”to lovefeelingcaughtflyingto getThe littl
93、e girl thought for a moment and then replied，“I want to behappy.”6.(lean)toward her，the fairy whispered in her ear and thendisappeared.With the little girl 7.(grow)up，there was no one in the landhappier than she was.Everyone wanted to make themselves 8.(tell)thesecret of happiness by her.She would o
94、nly smile and answer，“The secretof my happiness is that I listened to a good fairy when I was a little girl.”LeaninggrowingtoldWhenshewasdying，theneighborsallgatheredaroundher,9._(fear)that her unbelievable secret of happiness would diewith her.So they begged her 10.(tell)them what the good fairysai
95、d.The lovely old woman simply smiled and said，“She told me thateveryone，no matter how old or young，how rich or poor，had needof me.”fearingto tell书面表达中非谓语动词易错点聚焦 1.缺少非谓语动词的主动与被动意识(误)We thought it wrong for her to punish.(正)We thought it wrong for her to be punished.(误)The man lay on his back，with his
96、 whole body burying inthe sand.(正)The man lay on his back，with his whole body buried inthe sand.2.缺少搭配意识(误)Would you please stop to watch TV？You have watched it for toolong.(正)Would you please stop watching TV？You have watched it fortoo long.(误)Your suit needs to iron.(正)Your suit needs ironing.(正)Y
97、our suit needs to be ironed.3.缺少前后主谓一致意识(误)Before handing in your test paper，it is necessary to go over thewhole paper.(正)Before handing in your test paper，you should go over the wholepaper.(正)Before you hand in your test paper，you should go over the wholepaper.4.缺少结构意识(误)Time permits，Ill talk for a
98、nother hour.(正)Time permitting，Ill talk for another hour.(误)Having not been in the city long，I was still a stranger there.(正)Not having been in the city long，I was still a stranger there.专题3 情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词的核心考点 1.can/could和be able to的用法(1)can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的形式。但
99、当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。Her mother can speak French.The wounded man was still able to get to the village and was saved bythe villagers in the end.(2)can/could表示猜测“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句。Can the news be true?It cant be true.Someone is kn
100、ocking at the door.Who could it be?(3)can可以表示理论上的可能性，指常有的行为或情形，意为“有时会”。Anybody can make mistakes.(4)表示请求、允许(表请求时，口语中常用could代替can使语气更委婉，回答时用can)。Can I go now?Could I come to see you tomorrow?Yes，you can.(否定答语可用No，Im afraid not.)(5)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。How can that be true？I cant believe m
101、y eyes and ears.How could you be so careless?(6)can的特殊用法。can but只有；cant but不得不；cant.too再也不为过，越越好 I can but wait.I cant but wait.You cant be too patient to the customers.2.may和might的用法(1)表示允许、请求，might比may的语气更委婉一些。May I watch TV now?Yes，you may.(Yes，please.)No，you mustnt.(No，youd better not.)(2)表示可能性时
102、，might比may的可能性小，may表示的可能性比can小(主要用于陈述句、肯定或否定句，疑问句用can代替)。The story may not be true.(3)表示祝愿(不用might)May you succeed!(4)may/might as well最好还是，不妨 You might as well do it now.(5)may/might well很可能 He may well be late for class.3.must，have to和ought to的用法(1)must 表示“必须，应该，一定要”。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是must not(mu
103、stnt)。must开头的问句，其否定回答要用neednt或dont have to来表达。We must do it now.Must I hand in the paper today?Yes，you need.No，you neednt/dont have to.表示必然的结果。All men must die.还可表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事。It cant help；he must do that.(2)have to着重客观需要，能用于更多时态(过去时或将来时)。He will have to be there before ten.(3)ought to表示义务和责任，意
104、为“应该”，比should语气要强。You ought to take care of yourself.4.need和dare的用法(1)need表示“需要，必要”，只能用于否定句和疑问句。在肯定句中，常用must和have to代替。You dont need to do it at once.Need I come?(2)dare表示“敢”，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。I darent ask her for a rise.Dare you go home alone at eleven in the evening?I dont know whether he dare t
105、ry.(3)need和dare的特殊用法 need表“需要”时，可用want，require代替。The desk needs repairing/to be repaired.The desk wants/requires repairing/to be repaired.dare作实义动词时，在肯定句中要接to，在疑问句和否定句中to可省去。He dares to catch a snake.I do not dare(to)complain.Do you dare(to)swim in the river?5.will和would的用法(1)will 表示请求、建议，常用于第二人称。Wi
106、ll you please go with me?表示意愿、决定、允许。I will never do that again.表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，意为“总是，惯于”，通常用于第三人称。Rosa will always be late for school.(2)would 表示请求、建议，比will委婉，指现在时间，多用于第二人称。Would you like a cup of tea?表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向。We would play badminton on Sundays.6.shall和should的用法(1)shall 用于第一、三人称，在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求。S
107、hall I come in?When shall he be able to leave the hospital?用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、允诺或威胁。You shall do as your father says.He shall have the book when I finish reading.He shall be punished.(2)should 表示责任、义务，意为“应该”。You should listen to your doctors advice.表示惊讶语气，意为“竟然”。You should wear slippers in class.用于条
108、件句，表示“假如，万一”；省去if，should可提至句首。Should you be late，apologize to the teacher.7.情态动词表示推测或判断的用法 情态动词 对现在和未来的推测 对过去的推测 使用场合 must mustdo must have done 肯定句 may/might may/mightdo may/might have done 肯定句、否定句 can/could can/could do can/could have done 否定句、疑问句(could可用于肯定句)should 用来表示一种估计的情况，意为“按理会/估计会”should d
109、o should have done 肯定句、否定句、疑问句 情态动词have done的用法：(1)should have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldnt have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。You should have told me about it earlier.You shouldnt have said such words to your parents.(2)ought to have done表示“本应该做某事而实际上未做”，而oughtnot to have done则意为“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。You oug
110、ht to have told me about it earlier.You ought not to have said such words to your parents.(3)neednt have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。You neednt have walked so quickly since time was enough.(4)could have done表示“本来有可能做某事而事实上未做到”。I could have come on time，but my car broke down on the way.(5)may/might have do
111、ne表示“过去可能发生过某事”或“本来应该/可以做某事(实际上没做)”。You might have given him more help，but you were so busy.单句语法填空 1.I dont know where she is，shebe in Wuhan.2.The road is wet.Ithave rained last night.3.Yoube punished if you cheat in the exam.4.Dont worry.Ive just sent an ambulance to you.Theybe thereany second.5.If
112、 people eat natural plant poisons by mistake，they _ go to hospitalwithout delay.6.Ihave gone to the school library，but it rained heavily，so I did not.maymustshallshouldmustshould题组训练1.单句改错(每小题1处错误)1.You had better not to have stayed there，but you did.2.My punishment lasted a year.Meanwhile，I found o
113、ut that with morepatience I must make my toys last.My attitude changed from then on.3.I have been practising for three weeks now，but I still couldnt getused to itin fact，Ive nearly killed three people.could/mightcant4.Thank you for all you have done for me.Mom，though I may oftensay it，I do love you.
114、5.Judging from what you said，he ought succeed.not to 虚拟语气的核心考点 1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)，而主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might动词原形”。If I were you，I would buy that house.If he had time，he should go with you.(2)表示与过去事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/mig
115、ht/couldhave过去分词”。If he had taken my advice，he would have succeeded in passing theexamination.(3)表示与将来事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或“should/were to动词原形”，而主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/could/might动词原形”。If it were to rain tomorrow，the football match would be put off.(4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所
116、表示的时间作相应调整。If they had worked hard，they would be very tired now.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)2.虚拟语气用于名词性从句(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”。表示现在没有实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had过去分词”或“could/shouldhave过去分词”。I wish it were spring all the year roun
117、d.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在表示“建议、要求、命令”等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。常见的这类动词有：suggest，advise，propose，demand，require，insist，request，command，order等。She suggested we(should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she(should)be operated on.(2)虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中
118、的运用。表示“建议、要求、命令”等的名词，如advice，idea，order，demand，plan，proposal，suggestion，request等，其后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。His suggestion that we(should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they(should)pay 100 dollars.(3)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“(should)动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信或理应如此等。It is n
119、ecessary that we(should)clean the room every day.It was a pity/a shame that you(should)be so careless.It will be desired that she(should)finish her homework this afternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气；反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述语气。It is a pity that you cant swim.3.虚拟语气在其他场合的运用(1)虚拟语气在as if/t
120、hough，even if/though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况，则用would/could/might动词原形。He spoke as if he had known it.You look as if you didnt care.Even if she were here，she could not solve the problem.(2)虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种从句常用于句型“It is(high)time(that).”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或“should动词
121、原形”，意为“(现在)该”。Its time that I picked up/should pick up my daughter.(3)虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中，对现在的虚拟用一般过去时(be用were)；对过去的虚拟用过去完成时。If only I were a pilot.If only I had taken his advice.(4)虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。It would be better for you not to stay up too late.Would
122、 you be kind enough to close the door?用于一些习惯表达法中。Would you like something to drink?I would rather not tell you.(5)would rather虚拟语气的用法。would rather sb.did sth.是对现在的虚拟；would rather sb.had done sth.是对过去的虚拟。.单句语法填空 1.He walked in as if he(buy)the school.And the wordquickly got around that he was from Ne
123、w York City.2.If you(tell)me the news yesterday，I wouldnt be soworried now.3.Sorry，I am too busy now.If I(have)time，I would certainly gofor an outing with you.4.If I were you I(explain)to Harry what happened.had boughthad toldhadwould explain题组训练2 5.Its time that our government(take)measures toimpro
124、ve the quality of the buildings.6.Mr.Li insisted that the sports meeting(put)off becauseof the bad weather.7.She would have come here，but she(go)to the hospital to lookafter her sick mother.8.He was very busy yesterday，otherwise he(come)tothe party.took/should take(should)be putwentwould had come.单句
125、改错(每小题1处错误)1.If I was 10 years younger，I would start all over again.2.If we had enough rain last year，we could have gained a good harvest.3.The expression on his face suggested that he be very tired.4.George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but Idrather he focuses more on its cult
126、ure.werehad wasfocused5.The chairman demanded that people present made every effort toprotect the polar bear against dying out.6.Was I to be a teacher in the future，first of all，I would try my bestto give students lessons.makeWere.语法填空(情态动词和虚拟语气专练)Lucy is an outgoing lady.She 1.play many kinds of mu
127、sicalinstruments.Actually，she 2.play the piano when she was 8 yearsold.Lucy also keeps taking exercise every day.She says that she has todo some sports because she 3.keep slim.“You 4.get fat soonif you dont take exercise every day.”She usually says to her friends.As for her，an elegant lady should tr
128、y to keep fit.However，lastweek，she found that she 5.put on weight and her husband cancouldmustshallmightsuggested that she 6.lose weight.And these days shed ratherthat she 7.(take)more exercise every day.However，she is alwayslacking in time because she ought to take care of her children.One night af
129、ter supper，she walked quickly in order to go dancingat the Tomorrow Park and she was late.On her way，she thought thatthe dancing must 8.(begin)，and the coach 9.havetaught or shown many new moves.She was afraid that her friendsmight 10.(leave)before she got there.She was regretful then.shouldtookhave
130、 beguncouldhave leftShe 11.have had supper earlier，or she could have taken ataxi，and indeed she neednt 12.(take)a bath in advance.When she reached the park finally，she found nobody was there.Sheremembered suddenly that it had been reported on the radio that therewould be a heavy rain that night.shou
131、ldhave taken书面表达中情态动词与虚拟语气易错点聚焦 1.表达的单调性 例如在写一封回信向好友表达建议时，重复使用You should.既显得单调，同时强硬的语气影响了交际效果。我们可以灵活多样地表达建议，如Youd better./You might aswell./Why not.？等。Need I tell him everything that has happened to his father？(误)Yes，you need.(正)Yes，you must.(误)The King was so hot-tempered that no one dared tell him
132、 thebad news.(正)The King was so hot-tempered that no one dare(dared to)tell him the bad news.(误)Youd not better quarrel with your neighbors whatever happens.(正)Youd better not quarrel with your neighbors whatever happens.2.情态动词搭配错误 3.虚拟语气的表达错误 特别注意时间错综句的虚拟语气的表达错误：从句与主句或上下文所表达的时间不一致，部分考生仍照搬某种形式，因未按照句
133、中所表述的时间关系，而用错虚拟形式。如：(误)If I were you，I wouldnt miss the film last night.(正)If I were you，I wouldnt have missed the film last night.(误)If she comes tomorrow，I would tell her the news.(正)If she came tomorrow，I would tell her the news(正)If she should come tomorrow，I would tell her the news.(正)If she we
134、re to come tomorrow，I would tell her the news.(误)If only she didnt miss the train the other day.(正)If only she hadnt missed the train the other day.(误)Without your help，we didnt make so much progress.(正)Without your help，we wouldnt have made so much progress.(误)Its time that they go home.(正)Its time
135、 that they went/should go home.(误)If his television set had not been stolen yesterday，he would havewatched TV now.(正)If his television set had not been stolen yesterday，he wouldwatch TV now.(误)If she didnt miss the train，she is here now.(正)If she hadnt missed the train，she would be here now.精选模拟 强化训
136、练.单句语法填空(一)1.Scientists have discovered that(stay)in the cold could help uslose weight.2.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village，I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I(cause)for her.But she refused.3.Animals that are able to copy sounds may enjoy(practice)ne
137、w sounds.When they are kept outside of their natural environment，they may copy unusual sounds.stayinghad causedpracticing4.A major accident in southern Sweden happened today.Its reportedthat this afternoon a ship crashed into a bridge.Unluckily，seven cars andsix trucks are said(fall)into the water.5
138、.It is an activity(hold)by an American charity organization.6.No physical cause could _find).Finally the doctor said to the man，“Unless you tell me whats on your conscience，I can t help you.”7.This allowed people(have)a day or two out now and then，which gave them a taste for leisure and seaside.to h
139、ave fallenheldbe foundto have8.Mrs.Woo Mei Fong said that her husband had just left for workwhen she(feel)that her house was moving.She ran outside atonce with her children.9.In the spring，snow(melt)and the workers start working again.10.One day when Laennec was walking in the park，he saw some girls
140、_(play)with a see-saw(跷跷板).11.In most cases，a healthy diet can help you decrease the risk of_(get)some diseases like diabetes and cancer.feltmeltsplayinggetting12.He agreed to our suggestion that we(put)on a play atthe English Evening.13.It is reported that his new book(publish)by thatcompany next y
141、ear.14.Though they did all they could(help)them，times were toughfor them.15.It remains(see)whether you can get a better education，even if you are in a private high school.(should)putwill be publishedto helpto be seen(二)16.He drove in，parked，and(hurry)home to go to bed.17.In the movie After Earth，Wil
142、l Smiths character _(say)，“Fear is not real.It is a product of thoughts you create.”18.If it(turn)cold again，theyll dive back down.19.I learned that he was 21 years old，(study)Asian literatureand history at Sydney University.20.Starting a new school term is always exciting.It is a chance _(see)your
143、friends again.hurriedsaysturnsstudyingto see21.(stress)to everyone the importance and value of these historicsites，the government has strengthened regulations to protect them.22.I(think)about what youve said and Ivedecided to take your advice.23.I wondered why John kept it a secret.It was not until
144、he _(ask)three times that he told me the truth.24.(attract)by the latest electronic toys，the little boy stood infront of the windows，without moving.25.It was the fourth time she(shop)online for hours.To stresshave been thinkinghad beenaskedAttractedhad shopped.单句改错(每小题1处错误)(一)1.I saw with my own eye
145、s that a doctor fights all night to save a babys life.2.Apart from that，“Blurt Out”is pretty good for Chinese students tolearn English idioms and improving oral English.3.I work really hard，often study late into the night!foughtimprovestudying4.Take all these factors into consideration，I sincerely h
146、ope that I can gethelp from you and expect the media to do something for this.5.We could hear the sound of the rain and our footsteps mixing with our laughter.6.Of course，I know become a broadcaster calls for extra devotion andmore time after school is necessary for a better performance.或Of course，I
147、 know become a broadcaster calls for extra devotion andmore time after school is necessary for a better performance.to Takingmixedbecoming7.A young woman passes by saw the little boy and could read the desirein his pale blue eyes.8.First of all，we should love our motherland，caring about thedevelopme
148、nt of our hometowns and take an active part in our schoolsactivities.9.We should not leave the tap water run or waste any materials in thelaboratory class.passingcarerunning或I suggest that our school must take measures to encourage morestudents to take part in sports.10.I suggest that our school mus
149、t take measures to encourage morestudents to take part in sports.11.This morning，when I was walking on the street，I saw that twotravelers were reading a map，looked puzzled.12.I have just gone to British Museum and Hyde Park recently.shouldlookingbeen13.Though I speak to them only in simple English t
150、hat day，I believe infuture I will make greater progress.14.This afternoon，our teacher asked us listwhat our parents haddone for us.15.Our school conducts a survey on reading last week.According to theresults，most students believe reading is important.to spokeconducted(二)16.But now we often discuss a
151、nd try to solve the problems raising bythe teachers or ourselves.17.I have told one more worker will be needed this year and I think youare fit for it.How about joining us?18.The ability express ones idea somehow decides how far one can getalong in ones college.been raisedto 19.Even when it comes to
152、 shake hands，ladies come first.20.It has been a long time since we meet in China last time.21.The express company will get all these goods received delivering tothe customers today.22.Every time my father finds me listening to rock music，he alwaysshouted，“Shut it off.Its awful!”shakingmetdeliveredsh
153、outs23.He called to tell me that she was in hospital，otherwise I have knownnothing about it.24.I am writing to share my opinion on fashion with you，for I had justheard that you are disappointed because you cant afford famous brands.25.A man immediately gave his first aid and I had joined in withouth
154、esitation.wouldhave.语法填空 A boy quarreled with his parents and ran away from home.He had ahard life 1.any contact with his family for years.Later he wantedto go home 2.he was afraid that his parents might not welcome him.考查介词。根据句意“他多年没和他的家人联系，过着艰苦的生活。”可知应填介词without。答案 解析 withoutbut 答案 解析 考查连词。根据句意“后来
155、他想回家，但是他害怕他的父母可能不欢迎他。”此处表示转折，所以填but。Finally he decided to write a letter to his father 3.(express)his desire to return home and begging his pardon.In his letter he askedhis father to tie a white ribbon on the tree near his house by the side ofthe railway lines if he was ready to welcome him 4.home.I
156、f he didnot see the ribbon on the tree，he would think that his family did notwelcome him and then he would leave home forever.考查非谓语动词。本句不缺少谓语动词，而express与句子的主语he之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故此处用现在分词expressing作定语。答案 解析 expressingback考查副词。根据句意“如果他父亲准备欢迎他回家”可知，应填back。答案 解析 He boarded the train and waited very 5.(nervous
157、)asthe train was about to pass by his home.To his great surprise，thetree 6(decorate)with hundreds of white ribbons,答案 解析 考 查 词 性 转 换。此 处 应 用nervous的副词形式修饰动词waited，故填nervously。nervouslywas decorated考查时态和语态。tree和decorate之间是被动关系，且指的是过去的事情，所以用was decorated。答案 解析 7.danced in the wind.His family did not w
158、ant him to miss 8._sight of the ribbon and the welcome signal，答案 解析 考查关系代词。本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是white ribbons，从句中缺主语，故填which。whichthe考查冠词。此处表示特指，所以填the。答案 解析 so 9.covered the whole tree with ribbons to show their whole-hearted10._(happy)and willingness to welcome him back.考查代词。句意为：所以他们用丝带覆盖了整棵树。“they”在这里
159、指他的家人。答案 解析 theyhappiness考查词性转换。空格和willingness并列，所 以 填 happy 的 名 词 形 式happiness。答案 解析.短文改错(2016河北衡水中学一模)I believe anyone can make themselves something good to eat.Cookingis a lot of easier for us than most of us think.Last Sunday my parent wereaway on business.I left alone，with no one to cook for me
160、.As I had a goodchance to cook myself a wonderful meal.Early in the morning I went to themarket，buying some beefsteak and tomatoes and then came back.parentswas SoboughtBefore cooking，I put a few oil，salt and sugar on the steak and mixed ittogether.When the pot was hotter enough I began to fry the steak.Then Icooked some tomato soup with the egg in it.The food tasted deliciously！littlethemhotandelicious
