1、课时作业17Using languageA“Developed and developing nations can learn from each other seeking a lowcarbon economy. In terms of energy saving and green economy, China doesnt lag_behind developed nations，” said Zhou Changyi, director of the energy saving department of the Ministry of Industry and Informati
2、on Technology.“While we can learn many aspects from developed nations, they also should learn something from us, such as water conservation，” Zhou said in a speech during the new Path of Chinas Industrialization forum at the ongoing China International Industry Fair.He said industrialized nations an
3、d China are dealing with different issues to fight climate change. The United Kingdom, for example, is concerned about transport, buildings and new energy in reducing carbon emissions. For China, the most urgent task is how to realize new type of industrialization and avoid mistakes that other count
4、ries made when they industrialized.Swiss power and automation technology group ABB called for a stronger focus on product lifecycle assessment, or LCA, which is used to study the environmental impact of a product from the research and manufacturing stage through its usage and recycling.Tobias Becker
5、, head of ABBs process automation division for North Asia and China, said LCA is an effective tool in helping manufacturing industries to reduce carbon emissions.LCA shows that industrial customers should focus on a products environmental impact throughout its lifecycle instead of on its initial inv
6、estment.Richard Hausmann, North East Asia CEO of Siemens, said, “The color of future industrialization is green.”The Germany company recently announces that it wants to receive orders worth more than 6 billion Euros ( US 8.8 billion) for intelligent power networks, Smart Grid, over the next five yea
7、rs. Siemens has set a 20 percent market share target for the global smart grid business.A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology, advanced sensors specialized computers that save energy, reduce costs and increase reliability. The United States and China
8、are considered the two biggest markets for smart grid.这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能电网的特点及发展趋势，表明发达国家和发展中国家就寻求低碳经济发展上可以互相借鉴，更好地实现他们共同的目标。1Which of the following can best replace the underlined phrase “lag behind” in Paragraph 1?AAct better than. BPerform worse than.CRun faster than. DKeep quieter than.答案：B解析：词义猜
9、测题。由第一段In terms of energy saving and green economy, China doesnt lag_behind developed nations 可知，就节能和绿色经济方面，中国并不落后于发达国家。故B选项正确。2_ about Smart Grid isnt mentioned in the text.ASmall in size BLowcostCEnergysaving DSecurity答案：A解析：细节理解题。由最后一段save energy, reduce costs and increase reliability (节能，降低成本，增加
10、安全性)可知，A选项并未提到。故A选项正确。3What can be a suitable title for the text?AIntelligent Power NetworksBLowcarbon Economya Shared GoalCTwo Biggest Markets for Smart GridDDeveloped and Developing Nations Can Learn from Each Other答案：B解析：标题判断题。由第一段Developed and developing nations can learn from each other seeking
11、 a lowcarbon economy (发达国家和发展中国家就寻求低碳经济发展上可以互相借鉴)以及短文主要内容判断出B选项正确。BPeople asked to imagine how flooding or droughts would affect particular people or places were more likely to engage in environmentally friendly actions.Many people view climate change as a distant threat. But having them imagine the
12、 tangible (有形的) consequences of resulting droughts or floods may help change this idea and encourage proenvironmental behavior, a new study suggests.Researchers asked 93 college students to read a report on temperature anomalies (异常)，floods and other climate changerelated events that have affected t
13、he island. The scientists then asked 62 of the participants to write down three ways in which such phenomena might impact their future lives. Half the people in that group were instructed to imagine such situations in detail. The remaining 31 students did not complete either the writing or imagining
14、 steps, acting as a control group.All the participants then rated their ideas of climate change risks by responding to questions such as “How likely do you think it is that climate change is having serious impacts on the world？” They used a scale from 1 (“very unlikely”) to 7 (“very likely”). The av
15、erage score was higher among subjects who had been asked to envision detailed situations than among those who had not. The results were later confirmed in a second experiment involving 102 participants.Participants in the first experiment who had imagined the effects of climate change were more like
16、ly to say they would use air conditioning in an energysaving manner. In the second experiment, nearly two thirds of people in the visualizing (想象) group signed up to help clean a beach, compared with 43 percent in the nonvisualizing one. And when offered a choice of a vegetarian (素食主义的)or nonvegetar
17、ian lunch box, nearly half the visualizers selected the environmentally friendlier meatless choicecompared with about 28 percent of the nonvisualizers.The researchers did not track people to see if they behaved differently in their daytoday livessomething further studies should examine, says study c
18、oauthor WenBin Chiou. Moreover, the research “should be done again in other places with other populations，” says Robert Gifford, a professor of psychology at the University of Victoria in British Columbia, who was not involved in the work.The findings could be applied to raise public concern about c
19、limate change, Chiou says. For example, he suggests that news reports about the phenomenon could include vivid descriptions of its effects on peoples lives and ask readers to imagine experiencing such impacts. Having virtualreality demonstrations (展示)in local science museums of the consequences of c
20、limate change would be another way of putting the research into practice, Chiou adds.这是一篇说明文。作者在文中向我们描述了一项新的研究：如果让人们想象干旱或洪水的后果可能有助于他们改变“气候变化是一个遥远的威胁”这个观念，并鼓励有利于环境的行为。4Which of the following statements about the study is true?AOnly one experiment was carried out for the study.BProfessor Robert Giffor
21、d played a key role in the study.CThe control group only completed the writing step in the experiment.DParticipants asked to imagine detailed effects scored higher than those who werent.答案：D解析：细节理解题。由第四段“The average score was higher among subjects who had been asked to envision detailed situations t
22、han among those who had not”可知，被要求设想详细情景的受试者的平均得分高于未被要求设想详细情景的受试者的平均得分。故D选项正确。5Future studies will probably be about whether _.Ait is true of other populations in other placesBmore money will be donated to the people affected by climate changerelated eventsCpeople choose vegetarian lunch boxes in th
23、eir daily livesDclimate change will cause people to think about joining in a control group答案：D解析：推理判断题。由最后一段“The findings could be applied to raise public concern about climate change, Chiou says. For example, he suggests that news reports about the phenomenon could include vivid descriptions of its
24、 effects on peoples lives and ask readers to imagine experiencing such impacts.”可知，这些发现可以用来引起公众对气候变化的关注。例如，他建议关于这一现象的新闻报道可以包括其对人们生活影响的生动描述，并要求读者想象经历这样的影响。所以判断出未来的研究可能是关于气候变化是否将使人们考虑加入一个控制组。故选D。6To put the research into practice, WenBin Chiou suggests that _.Athe government call on people to live a l
25、owcarbon lifeBpeople use air conditioning in an energysaving mannerCpeople experience possible effects of climate change through virtual reality facilitiesDnews reports provide vivid descriptions of the effects of climate change on peoples lives答案：C解析：细节理解题。由最后一段“Having virtualreality demonstrations
26、 (展示)in local science museums of the consequences of climate change would be another way of putting the research into practice, Chiou adds.”可知，Chiou 补充说，在当地的科学博物馆里进行虚拟现实演示，展示气候变化的后果，是将这项研究付诸实践的另一种方式。故C选项正确。7The passage mainly tells us that _.Adifferent people may have different reactions to climate
27、changeBdifferent forms of climate change may affect peoples ideas in different waysCpeople may change their behavior after thinking about the vivid impacts of climate changeDcollege students show great concern for the people affected by climate change答案：C解析：主旨大意题。由短文第二段“But having them imagine the t
28、angible (有形的) consequences of resulting droughts or floods may help change this idea and encourage proenvironmental behavior, a new study suggests.”可知，但一项新的研究表明，让他们想象由此产生的干旱或洪水的后果可能有助于改变“气候变化是一个遥远的威胁”这一观念，并鼓励有利于环境的行为。并结合下文可知短文主要告诉我们，人们在考虑到气候变化的生动的影响后，可能会改变他们的行为。故C选项正确。根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项
29、中有两项为多余选项。Imagine an area 34 times the size of Manhattan. Now imagine it covered ankledeep in plastic wastea total of about 19 billion pounds of garbage. _1_.“Were being overwhelmed(淹没)by our waste，”said Jenna Jambeck, an environmental engineer who led the 2015 study that determined this astonishing
30、 number. _2_， unless something is done to stop the tide of garbage.Plastica widelyused materialhas in many ways been a benefit to humans but it has also caused a growing problem. Today, plastics are the No.1 type of garbage found in the sea. Ocean Conservancy, a nonprofit that organizes an annual co
31、astal cleanup event worldwide, said plastic waste makes up around 85 percent of the garbage collected from beaches and oceans.Ocean Conservancy says plastics are believed to threaten(威胁)at least 600 different wildlife species(物种). _3_； a growing body of evidence suggests humans are consuming plastic
32、s through the seafood we eat. A research suggests some plastics could be poisonous to humans, and could potentially increase the risk of health problems._4_. At the Economist World Ocean Summit this week, ten nations announced to reduce plastic sea litter as part of UN Environments CleanSeas campaig
33、n. _5_. Corporations also have a role, as do individuals. We can start by thinking twice before using singleuse plastic productsand when we do use them, we should take care to properly throw them off or recycle.AThe following is what we should doBAnd its not just wildlife thats threatenedCAnd this f
34、igure is likely to double by 2025DBut its not just countries that need to do their partEBy 2050，that figure is expected to rise to 1,000 piecesFThats how much plastic waste ends up in our oceans every yearGAll of us have an important role to play in dealing with the problems本文属于议论文，介绍塑料垃圾问题越发严重，不但威胁
35、野生动物，还影响人类自己，需要全世界通力合作。1F解析：根据前一句Now imagine it covered ankledeep in plastic wastea total of about 19 billion pounds of garbage.(想象一下它被深及脚踝的190亿磅塑料垃圾覆盖)可知，F选项“这就是每年流到海洋里面塑料垃圾的重量”与前文切题，故选F。2C解析：根据后一句unless something is done to stop the tide of garbage.(除非采取一些措施来减少垃圾)可知，C选项“预计到2025年，这个数字可能翻倍”与后文形成条件关系
36、，切题，故选C。3B解析：根据后一句a growing body of evidence suggests humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat.可知，越来越多的证据显示人类通过食用海产品也吸收了塑料。故B选项“不仅动物受到威胁”与下文形成递进关系，切题，故选B。4G解析：根据本段后文ten nations 以及Corporations 可知，这个问题需要全世界共同合作，G选项“所有人在处理这个问题上都能够起作用”切题，故选G。5D解析：根据下一句Corporations also have a role, as do
37、 individuals.可知，企业和个人也有作用，D选项“不仅仅是国家可以采取措施”切题，故选D。阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Summer vacation had just begun, and Alex and Maria were ready to spend all day outside. They decided to walk to the neighborhood park, where there was a river that they liked to swim in when it was particularly hot. When
38、 they got to the river, they saw that it was too deep to swim in. Alex and Maria were disappointed. On the other side of the river, about fifty yards away, there was a fountain from which the water is flowing out.“We should go play in the fountain，” Maria said.“How will we get_there？” asked Alex.Mar
39、ia looked around the grassy riverbank and noticed a few logs and branches lying close to the water. “We could build a bridge！” she said. She ran over to a thick log that looked long enough to be placed across the river. Together, she and Alex lifted the log onto their shoulders and walked it to the
40、water. Here, they stopped. How would they get the branch across?Maria suggested throwing it down into the water and seeing if it reached the other side. That seemed improper to Alexwhat if the branch did not reach the other side of the river, and got stuck or swept away by the water? Then they would
41、 be unable to walk all the way across the river.Maria wondered if they could measure the distance from the river bank they stood on to the other shore. They put the log carefully down and decided to test the distance with lighter, thinner branches. They found a few branches and they tied the branche
42、s together using their hair bands.At their first attempt, they tied two branches together and went back to the river to test the length. The branches only reached the center of the water. After tying two more branches together to the initial branches, Alex and Maria were able to get the thin model b
43、ridge to touch the far bank.“Hooray！” Maria said. “Now we know how long the log needs to be.”注意：1所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。答案Paragraph 1：They set the tied branches on the ground next to the log. The log was luckily the exact length of the tied
44、 branches. Alex and Maria were very happy and they placed the log across the river. Then they fixed their side of the log with branches and rocks before they walked across it to reach the other side of the river. Paragraph 2：Alex and Maria managed to get to the other side of the river. When they got
45、_there,_they secured the other side of the log with branches and rocks, too, and looked back at their handiwork. It had been a good days work, and they were indeed proud of that. It really felt good that they finally succeeded in solving the problem by using their intelligence. Now they were free to enjoy the cool water in the fountain.
