1、江苏省南京市秦淮区中华中学2020-2021学年高二英语下学期期中试题（含解析）第一部分 听力:略第二部分 阅读理解(共两小节，满分50分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWe understand that in light of the latest government CORONAVIRUS TRAVEL ADVICE, your travel plans will be changing. To reflect this, some terms & conditions for refundin
2、g tickets or changing journeys are different to usual.Refunds on Unused Tickets for Travel You can apply for refunds up to four weeks from the last day that the ticket was valid. Unused Anytime, Off-Peak and Super Off-Peak tickets can be refunded and a service fee applies. Advance tickets are not re
3、fundable. Alternatively, you can change your ticket io travel at a later date See Changing Tickets or Requesting a Travel Voucher below. PLEASE NOTE that if the train you are booked on docs not ran or is canceled due to irresistible forces, refund： will be made on ALL TICKETS TYPES with no service f
4、ee.If you are uncertain about travelling, you may wish to consider purchasing a more flexible ticket such as Anytime or Off-Peak - for travel.Changing Tickets or Requesting a Travel Voucher If you bought an Advance ticket before the National Lockdown was announced on 4lh January and will no longer b
5、e travelling, you should apply for a travel voucher or reschedule your journey free of charge. You need to do this be lore your first train departs and pay the difference if your new ticket is more expensive. Please note you will not be entitled to a travel voucher if your Advance ticket was purchas
6、ed after 4lh Jan. Speak to the original retailer of your ticket for advice. Anytime, Off-Peak and Super Off-Peak tickets are more flexible and can be changed any time before you travel There is no fee to change these tickets. you will only need to pay any difference in fare.Refunding Season TicketsU
7、nexpired(未逾期的)Season Tickets can be submitted for refund at any time and train companies calculate how much is refunded by bow much value is left on your ticket, they do this by deducting (扣除)the value of any other tickets you could have travelled with in the same lime until you stopped using and re
8、turn your Season Ticket Refunds can only be backdated with evidence that illness prevented you from travelling. (National Rail Conditions of Travel. Condition 40.4). To see how much you could get back from your Season Ticket, try the Season Ticket Refund Calculator below. For more information, inclu
9、ding if you require a refund due to sickness that prevented you from using a Season Ticket see the link here, Customers can still claim refunds remotely online, minimizing contact between customers and staffs keeping everyone safer. Please see your retailers website for details.Travelling on Another
10、 Train Companys Service In areas where there is cancellation, train companies may agree acceptance of tickets routed via another company For more details, please contact your rail service provider.1. Passengers are entitled to their money back on_.A. Anytime tickets completely free of chargeB. Oil-P
11、eak tickets with no restrictionsC. Advance tickets for their train not runningD. Super Off-Peaks that went invalid for half a year2. A Season ticket holds more refundable value only when_.A. train companies refuse to calculate the value that is left on itB. you formally apply to cease using the tick
12、et and hand it backC. you use the Season Ticket Refund Calculator on the websiteD. the proof is given that you were unable to travel due to illness3. We can learn from the passage that _ .A. Advance tickets purchased after Jan. 4th can also be rescheduledB. passengers with a fixed timetable are advi
13、sed to buy Anytime ticketsC. safer approaches to refund have been introduced to limit physical contactD. service from another train company is not available if your train get cancelled【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在疫情期间退票或改程的一些条款和条件。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三个黑点“ PLEASE NOTE that if the train you
14、are booked on docs not ran or is canceled due to irresistible forces, refund： will be made on ALL TICKETS TYPES with no service fee.”（请注意，如果您在单据上预订的列车没有运行或由于不可抗拒的力量而被取消，所有类型的车票都将获得退款，不收取服务费。）可知，火车停运时，乘客有权凭预售票退票。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第四个黑点“Unexpired(未逾期的)Season Tickets can be submitted for refund at a
15、ny time and train companies calculate how much is refunded by bow much value is left on your ticket, they do this by deducting (扣除)the value of any other tickets you could have travelled with in the same lime until you stopped using and return your Season. Refunds can only be backdated with evidence
16、 that illness prevented you from travelling. (未到期的季票可以随时提交退款，火车公司通过你的车票上还剩多少钱计算退款多少，他们会扣除你在同一线路上可能使用的任何其他车票的价钱计算剩余的钱，直到你停止使用并退掉你的季票，只有有证据表明你因生病而不能旅行时，才能退钱。）”可知，只有当你证明你因病不能旅行时，季票才有更多的可退还价值。故选D项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二个黑点“Customers can still claim refunds remotely online, minimizing contact between custome
17、rs and staffs keeping everyone safer.”（客户仍然可以远程在线申请退款，减少客户和员工之间的联系，确保每个人都更安全。）可知，为了限制身体接触，已经引入了更安全的退款方法。故选C项。BAt the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous. It has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence; but at this age the likelihood
18、 of death is least. Earlier, we were infants and young children, and consequently more vulnerable (易受伤害的), later, we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigor and resistance which, though unnoticeable at first, will finally become so steep that we can live no longer, however well we look after o
19、urselves, and however well society, and our doctors, look after us.This decline in vigor with the passing of time is called ageing. It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars, accidents and disease we shall eventually “die
20、of old age”, and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person, so that there are heavy odds in favor of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty. Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longeron into a ninth or tenth decade. But the chances are against it, an
21、d there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and robust we are.Normal people tend to forget this process unless and until they are reminded of it. We are so familiar with the fact that ma ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigor w
22、ith time, of becoming more likely to die the older we get, was something self-evident, like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-out of a pair of shoes. They have also assumed that all animals, and probably other organisms such as trees, or even the universe itself, must in the nature of thing
23、s “wear out”.Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do, if given the chance to live long enough; and mechanical systems like a wound watch, or the sun, do in fact run out of energy in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics (whether the whole universe does so is a moot point
24、at present). But these are not analogous (类似的)to what happens when man ages. A run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound. An old watch, by contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mending. But a watch could never repair itself it does not consist of living pa
25、rts, only of metal, which wears away by friction. We could, at one time, repair ourselveswell enough, at least, to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents. Between twelve and eighty years we gradually lose this power, an illness which at twelve would knock us over, at eight
26、y can knock us out, and into our grave. If we could stay as vigorous as we are at twelve, it would take about 700 years for half of us to die, and another 700 for the survivors to be reduced by half again.4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Our first twelve years represent the peak
27、of human development.B. People usually are unhappy when reminded of ageing.C. Normally only a few of us can live to the eighties and nineties.D. People are usually less likely to die at twelve years old.5. The word “it” in the last sentence of Paragraph Two refers to .A. remaining alive until 65B. r
28、emaining alive after 80C. dying before 65 or after 80D. dying between 65 and 806. What is ageing?A. It is usually a phenomenon of dying at an old age.B. It is a fact that people cannot live any longer.C. It is a gradual loss of vigor and resistance.D. It is a phase when people are easily attacked by
29、 illness.7. What do the examples of watch show?A. Normally people are quite familiar with the ageing process.B. All animals and other organisms undergo the ageing process.C. The law of thermodynamics functions in the ageing process.D. Humans ageing process is different from that of mechanisms.【答案】4.
30、 A 5. B 6. C 7. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文围绕“衰老”这一话题展开叙述。指出了人体生命力变化的趋势，12岁最旺盛，人类的衰老不可抗拒，并且人类的衰老和机械装置的衰老过程有很大区别。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“At the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous. It has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence”（人在十二岁的时候，身体最旺盛。但它
31、还没有达到最大和最强力量，还没有达到全部智力发展高峰。）可知，人类的身体在12岁最旺盛，但并没有到达峰值。A“我们的12岁代表了人类发展的峰值”不符合以上说法。故选A。【5题详解】猜测词义题。根据第二段中“Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longeron into a ninth or tenth decade.”可知，一些人去世较早，少数人能活到90多岁到100岁。根据句中but和下文“there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive”（我们希望存活的时间实
32、际上是有限的）可知，it指代前面提到的活到90多岁到100岁的长寿情况。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Earlier, we were infants and young children, and consequently more vulnerable (易受伤害的), later, we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigor and resistance which, though unnoticeable at first, will finally become so steep that we can live
33、no longer, however well we look after ourselves, and however well society, and our doctors, look after us.”（之前，我们是婴幼儿，因此更加脆弱、容易受到伤害；后来，我们将经历一个逐渐失去精力和抵抗力的过程，尽管这个过程一开始不太明显，但它最终会势不可挡，无论我们自己、社会以及医生把我们照顾地多么好。）和第二段的“This decline in vigor with the passing of time is called ageing.”（精力随着时间的推移而衰退叫做衰老。）可知，衰老是
34、一个精力和抵抗力逐渐衰退的自然过程。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“But a watch could never repair itselfit does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction. We could, at one time, repair ourselveswell enough, at least, to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents.”可知，破损的手表
35、由于自身结构问题，不能像人类一样进行自我修复。人类的自我修复可以在一定程度上缓解病痛，延长生命。由此推知，用手表的例子是为了说明人类和手表等机械装置的衰老是有较大区别的。故选D。COnce upon a time, science fiction was just a style among other styles. There were crime stories, there were horror stories, there was literary fiction, and there was science fiction. But today science themes do
36、minate these other styles. Its difficult to think of much modern crime, horror or “serious” fiction that doesnt involve science.And its not just books. With every second movie and computer game having a sci-fi element, science fiction seems to have controlled our entire entertainment culture. Its cl
37、ear that if we want to define science fiction, we should relate it to the role that science plays in our lives.Although some experts have claimed to be able to trace sci-fi back to ancient times, it is more reasonable to find it in initial form in the 19th century, when industrial societies arose. O
38、ne of the features that set industrial societies apart from other kinds was the increasing part that science played in everyday life. Factories with vast machines turned out huge quantities of goods, which were transported by trains, motor vehicles and ships all over the world. Cities were built on
39、the back of technology, with electricity in homes and hospitals helping everyone to lead healthier, more convenient lives. All of these changes had great effects not only on peoples real lives, but on their imaginative ones.Writers began to describe these changing physical and mental landscapes, eve
40、ntually giving science fiction a large and devoted fan base of especially young readers, who found that it spoke to their curiosity about the future that science would create.But sci-fiction reflected fears about science more than it did hopes. These typical early science fiction novels might be a U
41、K novel like H. G. Wells The War of the worlds（1897）. With great skill, Wells played upon the fears of technology by imagining Earth under threat by a civilization-that of men from Mars.The science fiction of today expresses the impact of the computing revolution, robotics and our environmental chal
42、lenges, while it is less concerned with “little green men from Mar” and other themes of past sci-fiction.Given that science, technology and polities are always intertwined, contemporary science fiction often has a great deal to say about power. Many recent novels-like American Cory Doctorows Little
43、Brother（2008）-are concerned with government and security service “conspiracies（阴谋）” against the people, particularly as the revelations of whistleblowers like Edward Snowden sink in. This can give sci-fi writing a “skeptical（怀疑的）” feel.This underlines one of the features that remains constant betwee
44、n the beginnings of the empire of science fiction and its state today.As then, so now: We want to read about how fearful the future will be, not how it will be a paradise.8. According to the first paragraph, we know that _.A. science fiction used to take the leadership in literatureB. horror story a
45、nd literary fiction have initiated science fictionC. modern fiction reflects the influence of science fictionD. science fiction is the dominant literature style at present time9. What caused science fiction to appear in the 19th century?A. The curiosity of young readers about the future.B. The chang
46、es that the industrial revolution brought about.C. Peoples stretched imagination affected by their real life.D. Peoples fears about science rather than hopes.10. According to the passage, what do we know about the early science fiction?A. It aroused peoples curiosity of science on daily life.B. It i
47、ntensified peoples worries about the social problems.C. It promoted peoples understanding of the true value of science.D. It conveyed an atmosphere of imaginary anxieties to people.11. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Despite the content, the theme of science fiction remain
48、s the same.B. The fear of outer space attack has long been a worry among people of times.C. The appearance of science fiction has caused misunderstanding among people.D. Science fiction is weakening government power implemented on people.【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科幻小说对其他文体的影响，
49、并介绍其起源和现代科幻小说与以前的不同。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But today science themes dominate these other styles. Its difficult to think of much modern crime, horror or “serious” fiction that doesnt involve science.(但今天，科学主题主导了其他风格。很难想象有多少现代犯罪、恐怖或“严肃”小说不涉及科学。)”可知，现代小说受到了科幻小说的影响。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Although some exp
50、erts have claimed to be able to trace sci-fi back to ancient times, it is more reasonable to find it in initial form in the 19th century, when industrial societies arose. (尽管一些专家声称科幻小说可以追溯到古代，但更合理的说法是科幻小说最早出现在19世纪，那时工业社会刚刚兴起。)”和“All of these changes had great effects not only on peoples real lives,
51、but on their imaginative ones.(所有这些变化不仅对人们的现实生活产生了巨大影响，而且对他们想象中的生活也产生了巨大影响。)”可知，工业革命带来的变化导致科幻小说出现在19世纪。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“But sci-fiction reflected fears about science more than it did hopes. These typical early science fiction novels might be a UK novel like H. G. Wells The War of the worlds（
52、1897）. With great skill, Wells played upon the fears of technology by imagining Earth under threat by a civilization-that of men from Mars. (但科幻小说反映的更多的是对科学的恐惧，而不是希望。这些典型的早期科幻小说可能是一部英国小说，如H. G. Wells的世界大战(1897)。Wells以高超的技巧，通过想象地球受到来自火星的人类文明的威胁，演绎了人们对科技的恐惧。)”可知，早期的科幻小说向人们传达了一种想象中的担心和恐惧气氛。故选D。【11题详解】推
53、理判断题。根据文章第六段“The science fiction of today expresses the impact of the computing revolution, robotics and our environmental challenges, while it is less concerned with “little green men from Mar” and other themes of past sci-fiction. (今天的科幻小说表达了计算机革命、机器人和我们面临的环境挑战的影响，而对“来自火星的小绿人”和过去科幻小说的其他主题关注较少。)”可推
54、断，尽管不同时期的科幻小说内容不同，但主题还是一样的。故选A。DAmerican writer A.N.DEVERS was at a rare-book fair in New York City in 2015 when she noticed a Joan Didion title selling for just $25. Then she saw the price tag of a novel by the equally famous Cormac McCarthy: about $600. “I realized we dont value womens work the sa
55、me way we do mens,” Devers says. “Its depressing. But its also exciting, because I can do something about it.”Three years later, after moving to London and joining the U.K.s booming rare-book trade, Devers opened the red doors of her new bookstore, the Second Shelf. Located in a quiet courtyard off
56、the busy streets of Londons Soho, the store almost exclusively stocks rare books by women (alongside a handful of male-authored books about women). The focus is modern fiction: Elizabeth Bowen novels, romances by Rosamunde Pilcher, poetry by Ntozake Shange.Devers skill for finding overlooked jewels
57、was polished during a childhood of Visits to yard sales in towns across the U.S., a result of her familys following her fathers Air Force job. Some of her most sought-after recent finds were works by Miriam Tlali, the first black woman to publish a novel in South Africa. Devers hit on her 1975 debut
58、 in a charity store and quickly sourced and sold 15 more Tlali books.In collecting these works, the Second Shelf is correcting a historical imbalance that has allowed womens literary achievements to be eclipsed. Bookdealers have tended to be men; much of the trades early material was collected by “c
59、ountry gentlemen who ran estates and amassed libraries of books to show their wealth and intelligence,” Devers says. She argues that theyve been like their peers in other male-led creative industries including television, film and the news media in that “they focus on themselves.”That past contribut
60、es to a plain absence of womens work among the books considered to be valuable cultural objects. In January, the Second Shelf went viral (走红) on Twitter after Devers pointed out that only nine books by women appeared in a list, produced by a trade website, of the 500 biggest sales at auction in the
61、books-and-paper field last year. Even among more recently published works, a 2018 study found, titles by women are on average priced 45% lower than books by men.In recent years, calls have gone out to read only books by women for a year and for universities to expand their curriculums. The observanc
62、e of Womens History Month in the U.S. has also made March a time for publishers to suggest fitting reading lists. Devers shop is the physical site of that movement challenging the current situation. “Weve been taught to find value in something really narrow,” she says. “Its time to explore something
63、 different.”12. The first paragraph tells the readers _.A. why Devers named her shop the Second ShelfB. how Devers was exposed to rare book tradeC what motivated Devers to open the Second ShelfD. where Devers first came across womens literary works13. The underlined word “eclipse” in the fourth para
64、graph means_.A. fully exposedB. partially concealedC. seriously treatedD. roughly explained14. Which may explain the absence of the great literary works by women?A. The trade used to be dominated by men.B. Women writers ideas conflict with the bookdealers.C. Males tend to be productive in the creati
65、ve industry.D. The majority of male readers dont read modern fiction.15. What can be inferred from the passage?A. In recent years, university curriculums have emphasized books by women.B. Womens History Month has pushed women writers to be more productive.C. More physical bookstores like Devers are
66、needed to change the situation.D. The Second Shelf is helping turn a page for women in literature.【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述Devers发现女性文学作品没有得到和男性作品同等的待遇，决定为女性作品做些事情。【12题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段中的“I realized we dont value womens work the same way we do mens,” Devers says. “Its depressing.
67、 But its also exciting, because I can do something about it.”可知，“我意识到，我们并不像重视男性工作那样重视女性的工作，” Devers说。“这是令人沮丧的。但这也很令人兴奋，因为我可以为此做些什么。”由此可见，第一段告诉读者是什么驱使Devers开设了the Second Shelf。故选C。【13题详解】词句猜测题。分析本句可知，“hat has allowed women s literary achievements to be eclipsed.”在句子作定语，对名词a historical imbalance进行修饰说明
68、，a historical imbalance表示的是历史的不平衡，由此可测，这种不平衡引起女性文学成就遭到不好的待遇，eclipsed应该表达的是一种不好的语境，结合选项，选项B，表示的是有偏见地被隐藏，符合语境。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。由第四段的第二句Bookdealers have tended to be men; much of the trades early material was collected by “country gentlemen who ran estates and amassed libraries of books to show their w
69、ealth and intelligence,”可知，书商一直倾向于是男性，许多的贸易早期资料被乡绅收集，他们经营房地产并且积累了一图书馆的书去显示他们的财富和智慧。由此可见，贸易过去常常被男性控制，导致了女性文学作品的缺失。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。由第四段的第一句In collecting these works, the Second Shelf is correcting a historical imbalance that has allowed women s literary achievements to be eclipsed.和最后一段的第三句Devers sho
70、p is the physical site of that movement challenging the current situation.可知，在收集这些作品的时候，书店the Second Shelf 正在纠正历史的不平衡，这个不平衡已经让女性文学成就变得黯然失色了。Devers的书店是那场挑战现状的运动的实质性地点。由此可见，Devers的书店The Second Shelf一直在为女性文学的改变提供帮助。故选D。【点睛】词义猜测题解题技巧之一：利用定语从句的语法功能解题。定语从句是对句中某个名词进行修饰说明，我们可以通过对名词的理解或者定语从句的理解，推测要猜测的词义。如本小题
71、2，分析本句可知，“hat has allowed women s literary achievements to be eclipsed.”在句子是定语从句，对名词a historical imbalance进行修饰说明，a historical imbalance表示的是历史的不平衡，由此可测，这种不平衡引起女性文学成就遭到不好的待遇，eclipsed应该表达的是一种不好的语境，结合选项，选项B，表示的是有偏见地被隐藏，符合语境，故选B。第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。期中有两项为多于选项。Profitable
72、 Senior Service Businesses You Can Start TodayThis year, almost 4 million Americans will turn 65. That number will continue to grow for the next two decades. By 2030, it will grow to over 75million people. _16_In fact, the U.S.Department of f Labor forecasts that senior service jobs will be the fast
73、est-growing part of the job market for many years to come._17_As most seniors want to stay independent as long as possible, they, or their grown-up children, plan to use that increased wealth to make their lives better in their senior years. This will provide an abundance of moneymaking opportunitie
74、s. Because most seniors want to age in place in their own homes, they often need help with daily tasks like meal preparation and housekeeping. Many are unable to drive and need reliable transportation for shopping trips and doctors appointments. _18_ Seniors also often need a reliable resource perso
75、n-a “senior concierge”-to handle the tasks they are unable to do, such as scheduling home repairs, buying groceries or taking a pet to the vet. _19_There comes a time-usually in their 70s or 80s-when seniors downsize and move to a much smaller residence or a retirement community._20_They help reduce
76、 the emotional stress associated with moving, so a senior has a gentle, and smooth transition to their new home. The growing number of seniors, and the service jobs they are creating, mean new opportunities for anyone who wants to start a business serving seniors. If youre looking for a rewarding jo
77、b or home-based business providing essential services to this growing population of seniors, youll find plenty of choices.A. The service can be started with just a few hundred dollars.B. Some senior service businesses require specialized medical training.C. Their homes need to be as fall-proof as po
78、ssible, to prevent accidents.D. A senior relocation service professional helps those folks organize that move.E. That will bring many senior service jobs for those who are caring and capable.F. Seniors today are richer than ever before with 31 percent enjoying “high income.”G. A senior concierge can
79、 fill in when the children of an elderly parent cant be there to help.【答案】16. E 17. F 18. C 19. G 20. D【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一些专门服务老年人的高级服务职位。【16题详解】文章第一段“This year, almost 4 million Americans will turn 65. That number will continue to grow for the next two decades. By 2030, it will grow to over 75mil
80、lion people.（今年，将近400万美国人将年满65岁。这一数字在未来20年将继续增长。到2030年，人口将超过7500万。）”说明美国人口现状。下文In fact, the U.S. Department of f Labor forecasts that senior service jobs will be the fastest-growing part of the job market for many years to come.（事实上，美国劳工部预测，在未来许多年，高级服务职位将是就业市场增长最快的部分。）表示了对未来就业情况的预测。E项中的“That”指代的是上文的
81、美国人口现状，“senior service jobs”与下文一致。故选E项。【17题详解】根据设空处下文“As most seniors want to stay independent as long as possible, they, or their grown-up children, plan to use that increased wealth to make their lives better in their senior years.（由于大多数老年人希望尽可能长时间保持独立，他们或他们的成年子女计划利用这些增加的财富，让他们的老年生活得更好。）”可知设空处说的是老
82、年人的收入情况。F项中的“Seniors are richer”与下文“increased wealth”一致。故选F项。【18题详解】通过上文“Because most seniors want to age in place in their own homes, they often need help with daily tasks like meal preparation and housekeeping. Many are unable to drive and need reliable transportation for shopping trips and doctor
83、s appointments. （因为大多数老年人都想在自己家里安享晚年，所以他们经常需要帮助做一些日常工作，比如做饭和家务。许多人不能开车，需要可靠的交通工具来购物和预约医生。）”以及下文“Seniors also often need a reliable resource person-a “senior concierge”-to handle the tasks they are unable to do, such as scheduling home repairs, buying groceries or taking a pet to the vet.（老年人也经常需要一个可
84、靠的顾问-一个“高级看门人”来处理他们无法完成的任务，比如安排家庭维修、购买杂货或带宠物去看兽医。）”结合上下文可知老年人需要雇人来完成他们做不到的事情。C项表示他们的家需要尽可能防坠落，以防发生意外。这种情况需要雇人维修，符合文意。故选C项。【19题详解】上文“Seniors also often need a reliable resource person-a “senior concierge”-to handle the tasks they are unable to do, such as scheduling home repairs, buying groceries or
85、taking a pet to the vet.（老年人也经常需要一个可靠的顾问-一个“高级看门人”来处理他们无法完成的任务，比如安排家庭维修、购买杂货或带宠物去看兽医。）”提出了一个“高级看门人”的职业。G项指出当年迈父母的子女不能在那里帮忙时，高级门房可以代替。且G项中的“A senior concierge”与上文一致。故选G项。【20题详解】设空处上文“There comes a time-usually in their 70s or 80s-when seniors downsize and move to a much smaller residence or a retirem
86、ent community.（通常在70或80多岁的时候，老年人会缩小规模，搬到更小的住所或退休社区。）”说明老年人通常会在70或80多岁的时候搬迁。D项意为一位高级搬迁服务专业人员会帮助这些人组织搬迁，符合文意。故选D项。第三部分 语言知识应用(共两小节，满分30分)第一节 完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)In the United States, there have been no deaths from commercial airline accidents since 2013. In fact, for decades, there has been a gener
87、al _21_ trend in the number of accidents per departure.Complex systems are more likely to suffer from failures, but commercial aviation (航空) seems to be a(n) _22_. Since the 1960s, U.S. commercial aviation has become significantly more complex, and yet, flying has become safer. What lies behind this
88、 remarkable trend is a handful of smart approaches to _23_. Here are two of them.Teach people to speak upand to listenA common error during airplane accidents used to be the _24_ of first officers to question the captains poor decisions. When the captain was flying the airplane, he was hard to chall
89、enge, and his mistakes went _25_.All this began to change in the late 1970s with a training program known as Crew Resource Management (CRM). The program revolutionized the _26_ not just of the cockpit (机舱) but also of the whole industry. It reframed safety as a _27_ issue and put all crew members on
90、 more equal footing. It was no longer _28_ to question the decisions of a superior; it was required. And CRM taught crew members thelanguage of disagreement.The lesson isnt simply that people lower down in the _29_ should speak up and higher-ups should listen. What CRM has shown is that people can b
91、e taught to speak up and to listen. The ability to express and embrace _30_ isnt hardwired in our personality or cultural background; its a skill we can learn.Learn from small failures and close callsIn 1976, the US Federal Aviation Administration created an industry-wide system to collect safety re
92、ports. The Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) collects thousands of reports each month. Beyond receiving immunity (豁免权) for a mistake, its a point of _31_ for pilots to submit ASRS reports. They know the reports make air travel safer. The reports are stored in a searchable database that anyone
93、can _32_, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) highlights safety trends in its monthly newsletter,Callback. Here, too, there is a _33_ lesson. Small mistakes and near misses can be a rich source of data about what might _34_ in our system. Mistakes shouldnt be _35_. By openly sha
94、ring stories of failures and near failures, we can treat errors as an opportunity to learn.21. A. similarB. steadyC. long-termD. downward22. A. exampleB. exceptionC. symbolD. alternative23. A. assessmentB. managementC. competitionD. contribution24. A. failureB. effortC. pressureD. convenience25. A.
95、predictableB. imaginaryC. uncheckedD. unforgiven26. A. performanceB. structureC. cultureD. standard27. A. teamB. stateC. sideD. policy28. A. immoralB. unrewardingC. disrespectfulD. inconvenient29. A. ageB. positionC. salaryD. attractiveness30. A. excitementB. discomfortC. respectD. disagreement31. A
96、. prideB. sacrificeC. entertainmentD. literacy32. A. createB. affordC. analyzeD. access33. A. broaderB. clearerC. more bitterD. more costly34. A. break outB. go wrongC. take shapeD. slow down35. A. obstaclesB. failuresC. experimentsD. secrets【答案】21. D 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. B
97、30. D 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。在美国，自2013年以来，没有人死于商业航空事故。事实上，几十年来，事故数量总体呈下降趋势。在这一引人注目的趋势背后，隐藏着一些聪明的管理方法，文章主要介绍了其中两个航空领域的管理办法。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，几十年来，每次起飞的事故数量总体呈下降趋势。A. similar相似的；B. steady稳定的；C. long-term长期的；D. downward向下的、下降的。结合上文“In the United States, there have been no de
98、aths from commercial airline accidents since 2013.”可知，在美国，自2013年以来，没有人死于商业航空事故，说明航空事故呈下降趋势。故选D。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：复杂的系统更容易出现故障，但商业航空似乎是个例外。A. example例子；B. exception例外；C. symbol标志；D. alternative选择。结合上文“In the United States, there have been no deaths from commercial airline accidents since 2013.”以及“Co
99、mplex systems are more likely to suffer from failures, but commercial aviation seems to be an”可知，美国的航空自2013年以来没有人死于航空事故，说明虽然复杂的系统更容易出现故障，但商业航空似乎是个例外。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这一引人注目的趋势背后，隐藏着一些聪明的管理方法。A. assessment评价；B. management管理；C. competition竞争；D. contribution贡献。结合后文提到的“All this began to change in
100、 the late 1970s with a training program known as Crew Resource Management (CRM).”可知后文主要说明的是两个航空业的管理办法。故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：飞机事故中一个常见的错误是副驾驶未能对机长的错误决定提出质疑。A. failure失败；B. effort努力；C. pressure压力；D. convenience方便。结合前后文语境“A common error during airplane accidents used to be the of first officers to que
101、stion the captains poor decisions.”可知，飞机事故中一个常见的错误是副驾驶未能对机长的错误决定提出质疑，be the failure of sb.此处理解为某人未能做成某事。故选A。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当机长驾驶飞机时，他很难被挑战，他的错误没有得到遏制。A. predictable可预测的；B. imaginary虚构的；C. unchecked未经检查的；D. unforgiven不可饶恕的。结合上文“When the captain was flying the airplane, he was hard to challenge,
102、and his mistakes went”可知，以前的机长在飞机上拥有绝对权威，因此他的错误很难得到遏制，go unchecked此处表示“放任不管”。故选C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该项目不仅彻底改变了驾驶舱文化，也改变了整个行业的文化。A. performance表演；B. structure结构；C. culture文化；D. standard标准。结合后文“put all crew members on more equal footing”提到了机组人员地位更加平等，可知该项目改变了驾驶舱的文化。故选C。27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它将安全重新定义为一个团队问
103、题，并让所有机组人员处于更加平等的地位。A. team队伍；B. state州；C. side方面；D. policy政策。根据后文“put all crew members on more equal footing”可知该项目将安全重新定义为一个团队问题，并让所有机组人员处于更加平等的地位。故选A。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：质疑上级的决定不再是不尊重，而是必需的。A. immoral不道德的；B. unrewarding无报酬的；C. disrespectful无礼的；D. inconvenient不方便的。结合后文“to question the decisions of
104、a superior”以及常识，质疑上级的决定是不尊重的表现。故选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个教训并不简单地告诉我们，职位较低人应该大声发言，高层应该倾听。A. age年龄；B. position职位，位置；C. salary工资；D. attractiveness吸引力。结合后文“should speak up and higher-ups should listen”可知此处指飞机上高低职位的人。故选B。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：表达和接受不同意见的能力并不是我们的个性或文化背景所固有的，这是一种我们可以学习的技能。A. excitement激动；B. dis
105、comfort不安；C. respect尊重；D. disagreement不同意。对应上文中“And CRM taught crew members the language of disagreement.”指接受不同意见。故选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了为错误获得豁免权，飞行员提交ASRS报告也是一件值得骄傲的事。A. pride自豪；B. sacrifice牺牲；C. entertainment娱乐；D. literacy读写能力。结合后文“They know the reports make air travel safer.”可知飞行员认为提交ASRS报告也是一件
106、值得骄傲的事，因为这让飞行更安全。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：报告存储在一个任何人都可以访问的可搜索数据库中，美国国家航空航天局在其每月通讯回叫中强调了安全趋势。A. create创造；B. afford买得起；C. analyze分析；D. access访问，接近。结合上文“The reports are stored in a searchable database that anyone can”可知指任何人都可以访问数据库应用access。故选D。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这里也有一个更广泛的教训。A. broader更广泛的；B. clearer更清楚
107、的；C. more bitter更苦涩的；D. more costly更昂贵的。结合后文提到的错误不应该是秘密，而是可以把错误当作一个学习的机会，可推知这其中蕴含了一个更为广泛的经验教训。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：小错误和差点失误可以成为我们系统可能出错的丰富数据来源。A. break out爆发；B. go wrong出毛病；C. take shape形成；D. slow down减速。结合上文“Small mistakes and near misses can be a rich source of data about what might”可知小错误和差点失误可以
108、成为我们系统可能出错的丰富数据来源。go wrong表示“出错，出毛病”符合语境。故选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：错误不应该是秘密。A. obstacles障碍；B. failures失败；C. experiments实验；D. secrets秘密。根据后文“By openly sharing stories of failures and near failures, we can treat errors as an opportunity to learn.”可知通过公开地分享失败和濒临失败的故事，我们可以把错误当作一个学习的机会，所以错误不应该是秘密。故选D。第二节 语法
109、填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。The Rise of Robot-ChefsCREATOR is a new hamburger joint in San Francisco. It now claims to deliver a burger worth $18 for $6-in other words, _36_(provide) the quality associated with expensive restaurants at a fast-food price. What matters be
110、hind this claim is that its chef is a robot.Creators burger robot is a trolley-sized unit that has a footprint of two square metre. Customers send it their orders via a tablet. They are able to cook everything from _37_ well-done the burger will be to the type of cheese and toppings they want.The pr
111、ocess sounds rather simple now. But, in fact, the machine took eight years to perfect after it _38_(create). As far back as 2012, a mere two years into the project, it was describes as “95% reliable”, but that is not enough for a busy kitchen. Chopping tomatoes was a particularly tough challenge, bu
112、t even details like the very tool_39_ packs the burger into a bag without squeezing it were tricky for the machine to master. Only now, with a machine to make reliably 120 burgers an hour, _40_ Alex Vardakostas, the engineer behind the project, and his co-founders, a mixture of technologists and cat
113、erers, feel confident enough to open their first restaurant.Creator is not alone. Other robot chefs have already been working, _41_(prepare) entire meals, or soon will be, in kitchens in other parts of the world. In _42_ of that, this new wave of automation could signal a dramatic shift in the way t
114、he fat food industry employs people. That does not necessarily meant _43_(employ) fewer staff. Rather, more of them will be in roles were they can directly help customers. “Creators goal is not to be the most automated and _44_(human-centered) restaurant, but actually not,” said Vardakostas.It is to
115、o early to say whether this first wave of robot chefs will develop well in such a demanding environment as the kitchen. _45_ it does its certain to mark a change in our relationship with cookery. Cooking could be something people choose to do simply for the sheer pleasure of it.【答案】36. to provide 37
116、. how 38. had been created 39. that 40. do 41. preparing 42. spite 43. employing 44. the least human-centered 45. If【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对机器人厨师的兴起和发展状况进行了介绍。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，它声称以6美元的价格提供一个价值18美元的汉堡换句话说，以快餐的价格提供昂贵餐厅的质量。claim to do sth.意为“声称做某事”，为固定搭配，用to do不定式作宾语。故填to provide。【37题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他们可以烹饪
117、任何东西，从汉堡会做得多好到他们想要的奶酪和配料的类型。在宾语从句well-done the burger will be中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且是指汉堡会做得多好，修饰well-done，所以应用how引导。故填how。【38题详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意：但事实上，这台机器在诞生后花了8年时间来完善。机器被创造出来发生在花8年时间来完善之前，所以应用过去完成时。动词create和it构成被动关系。故填had been created。【39题详解】考查定语从句。句意：切西红柿是一项特别艰巨的挑战，但就连把汉堡装进袋子而不挤压的工具也很难让机器掌握。在定语从句packs the bur
118、ger into a bag without squeezing it中缺少主语，且先行词为tool，被the very修饰，所以应用关系代词that。故填that。【40题详解】考查部分倒装和一般现在时。句意：直到现在，有了一台每小时能可靠地做出120个汉堡的机器，该项目的工程师亚历克斯瓦尔达科斯塔斯和他的联合创始人技术专家和餐饮承办商才有足够的信心开他们的第一家餐厅。only修饰时间状语now放在句首，句子应用部分倒装，且时态用一般现在时。主语Alex Vardakostas, the engineer behind the project, and his co-founders, a
119、mixture of technologists and caterers为复数，所以应用助动词do。故填do。【41题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：其他一些机器人厨师已经开始在世界上的其他地方的厨房里工作，为人们准备完整的饭食，或者很快就要开始。prepare和working为并列关系，所以应用现在分词形式。故填preparing。【42题详解】考查固定搭配和名词。句意：尽管如此，这波新的自动化浪潮可能标志着脂肪食品行业雇佣员工的方式发生重大转变。前文“Other robot chefs have already been working, preparing entire meals, or
120、soon will be, in kitchens in other parts of the world”和后文“this new wave of automation could signal a dramatic shift in the way the fat food industry employs people”构成转折关系，所以此处应固定搭配in spite of表示“尽管”。故填spite。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这并不一定意味着雇佣更少的员工。mean doing sth.意为“意味着做某事”，为固定搭配，此处用动名词作宾语。故填employing。【44题详解
121、】考查形容词最高级。句意：创造者的目标不是成为最自动化和最不以人为中心的餐厅，但实际上不是。根据the most automated可知，此处应用形容词最高级。因为是最自动化的餐厅，所以也是最不以人为中心的。故填the least human-centered。【45题详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：如果是这样，那就一定标志着我们与烹饪的关系发生了变化。根据its certain to mark a change in our relationship with cookery可知，此处是指“如果是这样”，应用if引导条件状语从句。故填If。第四部分 写作(共两小节，满分40分)第一节 应用文写
122、作(满分15分)46. 假定你是李华，是你校英语俱乐部的成员。今年是中国共产党诞辰一百周年，你校英文报“双 语话中国”（“Talk about China to the world）栏目录制了红色故事系列视频。现面向全校学生招聘志愿者为该系列视频配英文解说。请你为此写一份招聘启事，内容包括：1.目的2.条件（擅长英语表达;了解党史;热爱传播红色精神等）3.报名邮箱：Englishclub ahschool. com注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.短文题目已为你写好。参考词汇：中国共产党 the Communist Party of China （CPC） 解说
123、 narrate【答案】A Volunteer WantedTo celebrate the 100t birthday of the Communist Party of China, our column has made several videos featuring Red Stories of the CPC. Some volunteers interested in narrating the videos are wanted. Firstly, applicants should have a good command of English. Speaking fluent
124、 English is a must. Secondly, it is important to know much about the history of the CPC, which may help you better understand the red stories. Last but not least, it is our duty to spread the good spirit of the Party. Therefore, whoever is enthusiastic about it is preferred. Come and join us soon. I
125、f you cant wait to sign up, please send your application to Englishclub.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生写一份招聘启事，面向全校学生招聘志愿者为该系列视频配英文解说。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。结构：总分法总分法是指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.目的2.条件（擅长英语表达；了解党史；热爱传播红色精神等）3.报名邮箱：Englishclub ahschool. com第二步：列提纲（重点词组）interested in；hav
126、e a good command of ；help sb. do sth.；spread the good spirit of the Party；cant wait to do sth.；sign up第三步：连词成句1.To celebrate the 100t birthday of the Communist Party of China, our column has made several videos featuring Red Stories of the CPC. 2.Some volunteers interested in narrating the videos ar
127、e wanted. 3.Applicants should have a good command of English. 4.Speaking fluent English is a must.5.It is important to know much about the history of the CPC, which may help you better understand the red stories.6.It is our duty to spread the good spirit of the Party. 7.Whoever is enthusiastic about
128、 it is preferred. 8.Come and join us soon.9.If you cant wait to sign up, please send your application to Englishclub.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态的问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：Firstly，Secondly，Last but not least2.表因果关系：Therefore连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，第五步：润色修改【点睛】高分句型1To celebrate the 100t b
129、irthday of the Communist Party of China, our column has made several videos featuring Red Stories of the CPC.（动词不定式作目的状语）高分句型2It is important to know much about the history of the CPC, which may help you better understand the red stories.（it作形式主语，动词不定式为真正的主语，which引导非限制性定语从句）第二节 读后续写 (满分25分)47. Norwo
130、od, a junior at St. Petersburg Lakewood High School, participated in the schools Athletic Lifestyle Management Academy. The program prepares students for various careers in health science with two components. The first one is a hands-on skills component where the students have to demonstrate that th
131、ey are expert in the skills of adult, child and infant CPR （心 肺复苏术），how to help somebody whos choking, as well as how to use an AED （自动体外除 颤仪）.And the other is a written test component, showing that they master that knowledge. Norwood took a great interest in the programme, which was in line with he
132、r initial career pursuit in the future.On the first day of the programme, her instructor Miller did vital signs and students learned how to take blood pressure, check pulse, and apply CPR. Norwood watched closely and performed the hand-on skills well.Norwood and Simmons shared a long friendship. The
133、y had been friends since the seventh grade and since then they had built an unbreakable bond. The following day after school, the 16- year-old girl Norwood was driving three friends home in St. Petersburg, Florida, when another driver slammed into her from her left and sent her car rushing forward i
134、n an uncontrollable way.“We crashed in someones yard and I hit the tree, Norwood said. The impact jammed shut the drivers side door, so Norwood climbed out of the front window. Two of her friends managed to get out of the car unharmed, but the collision caused her 16-year-old friend Simmons to hit h
135、er head on the backseat window.When Norwood turned around, she didnt see Simmons running with them so she had to run back to the car as fast as she could. Simmons was just sitting there unresponsive. Apparently, she passed out owing to the huge impact force. The unexpected crash left the girls in pa
136、nic. A lot of people started to gather around to see what was happening. The crowd watched in astonishment, open-mouthed. Someone advised to make an emergency call immediately.注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph 1 ： And that was when the training Norwood had just learned kicked in. _Para
137、graph 2 ： When Miller and her students learned about the news, they were at a loss of words and so proud._【答案】Paragraph 1:And that was when the training Norwood had just learned kicked in. She started yelling, “Back up! Back up! She needs space!” She pulled Simmons out of the back seat, avoiding bro
138、ken glass from the window. Then she checked her pulse on the neck and put her head against Simmonschest, before she started doing CPR on her immediately. After the 30 compressions and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness. The ambulance quickly arived and Simmons was rushed to the hospi
139、tal without delay, where she received stitches for acut in her forehead.Paragraph 2:When Miller and her students learned about the news, they were at a loss of words and so proud. “I was just absolutely astounded, ” Miller said. “It is so astonishing that Norwood should rescue her friend with the kn
140、owledge and skills she learned in such a short time. This is what every teacher dreams of.” Simmons was overwhelmingly touched by her friend and conveyed her sincere gratitude to Norwood, tears streaming down her cheeks. But for Norwoods quick thinking, she couldnt have been rescued and recovered so
141、 well. Brimming with pride and confidence, Norwood strengthened her determination to pursue a career in the medical field.【解析】【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了圣彼得堡莱克伍德高中的一名三年级学生诺伍德和好朋友西蒙斯发生车祸的故事。在佛罗里达州圣彼得堡的家，诺伍德载着三个朋友，这时另一名司机从她的左边撞上了她，她的车以不可控制的方式向前冲去。她和另两个朋友毫发无损，而西蒙斯由于撞击晕了过去。诺伍德在学校的运动生活方式管理学院刚刚学到的训练开始发挥作用。西蒙斯恢复了意识
142、。救护车很快赶到，西蒙斯立即被送往医院。西蒙斯被她的朋友深深感动了，向诺伍德表达了她真诚的感激之情。诺伍德心中充满自豪和自信，她坚定了追求医学事业的决心。【详解】1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“就在这时，诺伍德刚刚学到的训练开始发挥作用。”可知，第一段可描写诺伍德在救护车到来之前是如何抢救西蒙斯的。由第二段首句内容“当米勒和她的学生们得知这个消息时，他们都不知说什么好了，而且非常自豪。”可知，第二段可描写西蒙斯被送到医院，恢复了意识，非常感谢诺伍德，而诺伍德充满自豪和自信，坚定了追求医学事业的决心。2.续写线索：开车被撞撞树受伤救护车恢复意识感激自豪3.词汇激活（一个词汇要写出相近的表达）行为
143、类感兴趣：took a great interest in/be interested in/have interest in撞上：run into/dash against/run upon/knock into情绪类感激：conveyed her sincere gratitude to/give gratitude to/be grateful to sb for sth.【点睛】高分句型1. She pulled Simmons out of the back seat, avoiding broken glass from the window. （现在分词作伴随状语）高分句型2.
144、The ambulance quickly arived and Simmons was rushed to the hospital without delay, where she received stitches for acut in her forehead. （句中使用where引导的定语从句）高分句型3. Simmons was overwhelmingly touched by her friend and conveyed her sincere gratitude to Norwood, tears streaming down her cheeks.（句中使用一般过去时的被动语态和现在分词的独立主格结构）
