1、北京市西城区2020-2021学年高一英语上学期期末测试题（含解析）本试卷共13页，共140分。考试时长120分钟。第卷 (共75分)I. 听力理解（共三节，22.5分）第一节: (共4小题; 每小题1.5分，共6分)听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man think the weather will be like in the afternoon?A. Cloudy.B. Rainy.C. Sunny.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Look at
2、the clouds! Id love to go out, but I think its going to rain.M: Maybe, but I think itll be sunny this afternoon.W: I hope youre right.2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a restaurant.B. In a cinema.C. In a supermarket.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: Miss, Im still waiting for
3、a clean glass, and we still havent received our salads.W: Im so sorry! Were a little busier than usual tonight. Ill bring them immediately. Ill also bring more water.3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Why did the man leave his previous job?A. To study further.B. To get experience.C. To find a new job.【答案】A【解析】【原文
4、】W: Welcome to ABC Company. Wed like you to tell us about your work experience.M: I worked at Microsoft for two years.W: Can you tell us why you left?M: I left because I went back to study and get my masters degree.4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Why does the woman make the phone call?A. To book a service.B. T
5、o ask about a delivery.C. To arrange a meeting.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: Hello, this is Mikes Delivery Service. How can I help you today?W: Im calling about a delivery I havent received. My names Mary Doe.M: Mary Doe. Alright. I have it right here. Itll be delivered in 15 minutes.W: Thanks so much. I really a
6、ppreciate it.第二节:（共6小题；每小题1.5分，共9分）听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】5. What is the woman?A. A bus driver.B. A college student.C. A shop assistant.6. How much will the woman save with a discount?A. 50 dollars.B. 30 dollars.C. 20 dollars.【答案】5. B 6
7、. C【解析】【原文】W: Good morning, Mr. Bus Driver.M: Hi, good morning. Wherere you off to today?W: My college. Its my first day of classes there.M: Wow, you must be very excited.W: You have no idea how happy I am.M: Are you planning to take the bus regularly?W: Yes, I am. Driving a car is so expensive!M: Y
8、ou know, as a student, you can receive a discount.W: Really? How much is the discount?M: Did you buy a monthly pass?W: Yes, it cost fifty dollars.M: Well, with a student discount, you can save twenty dollars.W: Thirty dollars for a monthly pass? Thats quite a discount!M: You should take advantage of
9、 it.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】7. Which age group can apply for the holiday English courses?A. 10 to 13.B. 13 to 16.C. 16 to 19.8. Why are the teenagers put with the English families?A. To have them better follow college rules.B. To help them reduce their living expenses.C. To give them more
10、 chances to learn English.【答案】7. B 8. C【解析】【原文】M: Hello, Dudfey College. How can I help you?W: Oh, hello. Could you tell me about your holiday English courses, please?M: Sure. Our holiday courses are for teenagers. We take students from age thirteen to sixteen.W: Oh, good. Its perfect for my friends
11、 daughter. Shes fifteen and comes from Poland. How long are the courses?M: Three weeks. They begin on July eleventh and finish on the twenty-ninth.W: Do the students live at the college?M: Not for these courses. We put the teenagers with English families in their homes. That way, theyll have more op
12、portunities to speak English and learn about life in England.W: Good idea! How much does a course cost?M: Its six hundred and ninety pounds, including everything.W: Wheres the college?M: Its on Farley Street.W: Thanks.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】9. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A
13、. What makes a film great.B. Which film they prefer.C. How a film is made.10. What will the speakers probably do together this weekend?A. Go to a theatre.B. Work on a report.C. Watch a film online.【答案】9. A 10. C【解析】【原文】W: That was a great 3D film, wasnt it?M: Yeah. The special effects were amazing.W
14、: I agree but I loved the storyline most.M: I thought it was OK but not great. I think the best thing about the film was the effectsthe color, the sound, the action and the fact that it was in 3D. All of these factors made it fantastic.W: Really? I think if the storyline isnt any good, I probably wo
15、uldnt like the film.M: I dont agree. Most films have very similar storylines. The bad guys, the good guys, the action, the conflict. And in the end, the good guys always win. Thats why I think the action and special effects are the most important elements of a film.W: I suppose youre right about sto
16、ries being similar but I dont think all storylines are exactly the same.M: Yeah, maybe. Want to go and see another film tomorrow?W: Oh, Id love to, but I have to work on my report. If you like, we can watch one online at my house this weekend.第三节：（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下关键信息。每小题仅填
17、写一个词。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Tips to Stay Healthy During Challenging TimesMaintain a routineYou will feel better and _11_ better when you follow a routine._12_It is a treatment for depression and anxiety. You can certainly benefit mentally and physically from it.Go outsideSpending time in a _13_ environme
18、nt appears to be an effective way to reduce stress.Schedule _14_ timeDo something you enjoy _15_, baking, or online shopping.【答案】11. function 12. Exercise 13. greener 14. fun 15. reading【解析】【原文】Tips to Stay Healthy During Challenging TimesIn the spirit of working from home and maintaining social dis
19、tance, below are a few tips to help you stay healthy.No.1 Maintain a routineIf youre working from home, make sure you get up at the same time every morning, have a shower, eat breakfast, and start your workday as you normally would. Youll feel better and function better when you follow a routine.No.
20、 2 ExerciseExercise is a treatment for depression and anxiety. You can certainly benefit mentally and physically from exercise and it can help prevent depression from developing.No. 3 Go outsideWalking or biking is an ideal outdoor activity. Research shows that spending time in a greener environment
21、 appears to be an effective way to reduce stress.No. 4 Schedule fun timeMake sure you do something you enjoy every single day, whether that be reading, baking, or online shopping. Watching too much TV might make you get bored and it wont help your brain to completely relax.Hope the tips above can be
22、 helpful.II. 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。When I tried out for the football team during the summer before 9th grade, I never imagined how important this sport would become in my life. Football is a _16_ sport, at times almost painful, and practices really
23、_17_ a teams physical and mental limits. Without trust in my own ability and a strong sense of commitment (投入), I would never have managed to continue after years of hard work as a player, and with countless _18_.In the first year, I played on the defensive line. This was an amazing _19_ that gave m
24、e a great sense of achievement. But in the last game of the season, I was seriously injured. I was prohibited from any physical activities for six months. After going _20_ a series of physical treatments, I returned to the field as a team captain. I practiced harder than ever to make up for my _21_
25、time.In September, during my junior year, my name was mentioned in the local newspaper as the key defensive linemen on the team. After playing a fantastic season, I was given the _22_ of Most Valuable Player._23_, my skills in football do not magically extend to other sports. During the winter break
26、, I went on a snowboarding trip and seriously injured my right shoulder. I had to have four _24_. Since I could not use my right arm for two months, I had to learn how to write and eat using my left hand._25_ life must go on. I knew that my own present efforts would decide my future, so I _26_ the s
27、trict training program to build strength and improve flexibility in my _27_. After an eight-month recovery, I was back out on the field playing football, the sport I _28_.In this sense, the world of football has taught me an important life lesson:_29_ and commitment make what seems impossible _30_.
28、This lesson from football is one that I know translates through every part of life.16. A. toughB. popularC. typicalD. dynamic17. A. setB. controlC. testD. require18. A. mistakesB. adventuresC. accidentsD. injuries19. A. performanceB. positionC. momentD. advantage20. A. withB. overC. throughD. into21
29、. A. valuableB. lostC. extraD. regular22. A. prideB. choiceC. nameD. honor23. A. UnfortunatelyB. SimilarlyC. HappilyD. Gradually24. A. practicesB. tryoutsC. seasonsD. operations25. A. ButB. OrC. SoD. And26. A. examinedB. changedC. providedD. completed27. A. shoulderB. handC. legD. foot28. A. explore
30、B. avoidC. loveD. support29. A. KnowledgeB. BeliefC. ExperienceD. Opinion30. A. enjoyableB. possibleC. sensibleD. responsible【答案】16. A 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. C 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. B【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者自己从事足球运动的经历，教会了作者人生中重要的一课：信念和承诺让看似不可能的事成为可能。【16题详解】考查形容词词义辨析
31、。句意：足球是一项艰苦的运动，有时几乎是痛苦的，训练真的考验了一个球队的身体和精神极限。A. tough艰难的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. typical典型的； D. dynamic有活力的。根据“at times almost painful,”可知，足球是一项艰苦的运动。故选A。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：足球是一项艰苦的运动，有时几乎是痛苦的，训练真的考验了一个球队队员的身体和精神极限。A. set设置；B. control控制；C. test测试，考验；D. require要求。根据“a teams physical and mental limits. ”可知，足
32、球训练考验球队队员的身体和精神极限。故选C。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有对自己能力的信任和强烈的责任感，在经历了多年的伤病后，我不可能继续努力打球。A. mistakes错误；B. adventures冒险；C. accidents事故；D. injuries受伤。根据下文“But in the last game of the season, I was seriously injured.”和“During the winter break, I went on a snowboarding trip and seriously injured my right shou
33、lder.”可知，作者受过许多次伤。故选D。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个让我很有成就感的职位。A. performance表现；B. position位置；C. moment时刻；D. advantage优势。根据“In the first year, I played on the defensive line.”可知，作者在防守位置上很有成就感。故选B。【20题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：在经过一系列的身体治疗后，我以队长的身份回到了球场。A. with随着；B. over遍及；C. through通过；D. into进入。go through经过。根据“I retur
34、ned to the field as a team captain.”可知，作者经过治疗康复后重回球场。故选C。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了弥补失去的时间，我比以往任何时候都更加努力地练习。A. valuable有价值的；B. lost失去的；C. extra额外的；D. regular有规律的。根据“But in the last game of the season, I was seriously injured. I was prohibited from any physical activities for six months. ”和“I practiced h
35、arder than ever”可知，作者比以往任何时候都更加努力地练习，目的是弥补失去的时间。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在经历了一个梦幻般的赛季后，我被授予了最有价值球员的荣誉。A. pride自豪；B. choice选择；C. name名字；D. honor荣誉。根据“After playing a fantastic season”和“Most Valuable Player”可知，作者被授予最有价值球员的荣誉。故选D。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，我的足球技能并没有神奇地延伸到其他运动上。A. Unfortunately不幸地；B. Similar
36、ly相似地；C. Happily高兴地；D. Gradually逐渐地。根据“my skills in football do not magically extend to other sports.”和后文的作者滑雪受伤可知，作者感到不幸的是，他的足球技能并没有神奇地延伸到其他运动上。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我做了四次手术。A. practices练习；B. tryouts测试；C. seasons原因；D. operations手术。根据“During the winter break, I went on a snowboarding trip and serio
37、usly injured my right shoulder.”可知，作者受伤做了四次手术。故选D。【25题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：但生活还得继续。A. But但是；B. Or或者；C. So因此；D. And和。根据上下文可知，“Since I could not use my right arm for two months, I had to learn how to write and eat using my left hand.”和“life must go on”之间是转折关系，用连词but。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我现在的努力将决定我的未来，所
38、以我完成了严格的训练计划，增强肩膀的力量和灵活性。A. examined检查；B. changed改变；C. provided提供；D. completed完成。根据“I knew that my own present efforts would decide my future,”和“to build strength and improve flexibility in my _12_.”可知，作者完成了严格的训练计划。故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道我现在的努力将决定我的未来，所以我完成了严格的训练计划，增强肩膀的力量和灵活性。A. shoulder肩膀；B. ha
39、nd手；C. leg腿；D. foot脚。根据上文“During the winter break, I went on a snowboarding trip and seriously injured my right shoulder.”提示可知，作者是肩部受伤，所以通过训练增强肩膀的力量和灵活性。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过8个月的康复，我又回到了球场上，踢足球，我热爱的运动。A. explore探索；B. avoid避免；C. love喜欢；D. support支持。根据“When I tried out for the football team during
40、 the summer before 9th grade, I never imagined how important this sport would become in my life.”和“After an eight-month recovery, I was back out on the field playing football,”可知，作者重回球场，说明了他热爱这项运动。故选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从这个意义上说，足球界教会了我人生中重要一课：信念和承诺让看似不可能的事成为可能。A. Knowledge知识；B. Belief信念；C. Experienc
41、e经验；D. Opinion观点。根据上文“Without trust in my own ability and a strong sense of commitment (投入), I would never have managed to continue after years of hard work as a player,”提示可知，信念和承诺让作者完成了许多看似不可能完成的事情。故选B。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从这个意义上说，足球界教会了我人生中重要的一课：信念和承诺让看似不可能的事成为可能。A. enjoyable愉快的；B. possible可能的；C. s
42、ensible和情理的；D. responsible负责的。根据“what seems impossible”可知，作者让那些看起来不可能的事情变成可能。故选B。III. 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABig Problems, Simple SolutionsInventions are improving health and well-being in communities around the world. Speakers at recent TED events have shared simple
43、and inexpensive solutions that can solve everyday problems.FUEL BRIQUETTES （燃料砖）In the developing world, smoke from indoor cooking kills more than 2 million children each year. In fact, its the number one cause of death of children under five. Amy Smith, founder of D-Lab at the Massachusetts Institu
44、te of Technology (MIT), discovered a way to make a safe cooking fuel. The material she uses is also free and plentiful: farm waste.Smith invented a low-cost device that turns farm waste into fuel briquettes. These briquettes produce smoke that is less dangerous than the smoke from other fuel. They a
45、lso burn hotter and last longer. Farmers can make these briquettes from readily available waste. This invention has an economic benefit, too. Farmers can buy the device for $2 and sell briquettes they dont use. Smith estimates (估算) that this can increase a farmers income by $500 a month.DISASTER SHE
46、LTERSOver 31 million people worldwide lose their homes every year due to natural disasters such as hurricanes and earthquakes. After these disasters, many people live in terrible conditionsin tents or in large stadiums with no privacy. Graphic designer Michael McDaniel invented inexpensive and tempo
47、rary housing for people in these situations.Called the Reaction Ex, these shelters are small, one-room houses that comfortably hold up to four people. Theyre made from a plastic that is strong, recyclable, and super light. In fact, theyre so light that they can be lifted by hand and are very portabl
48、e as well. McDaniel hopes that his invention will provide an affordable solution to help people rebuild their lives after a natural disaster.31. The key goal to invent the fuel briquettes is to_.A. increase family incomeB. make full use of farm wasteC. get free and plentiful cooking fuelD. protect k
49、ids from dangerous cooking smoke32. What are the features of disaster shelters?A Light and affordable.B. Heavy and recyclable.C. Big and comfortable.D. Small and breakable.33. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain design methods.B. To introduce new inventions.C. To report research fi
50、ndings.D. To advertise latest products.【答案】31. D 32. A 33. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了两个简单而廉价的解决日常问题的发明。【详解】1.推理判断题。根据FUEL BRIQUETTES 部分第一段第一句“In the developing world, smoke from indoor cooking kills more than 2 million children each year. ”（在发展中国家，室内烹饪产生的烟雾每年导致200多万儿童死亡。）和第二句“discovered a way to make a
51、safe cooking fuel”（发现了一种制造安全烹饪燃料的方法）可知，发明燃料型煤的关键目标是保护孩子们远离危险的炊烟。故选D。2.细节理解题。根据DISASTER SHELTERS部分第二段第二句“Theyre made from a plastic that is strong, recyclable, and super light.”（它们是由坚固、可回收、超轻的塑料制成的。）可知，灾难避难所的特点之一是很轻，根据最后一句“McDaniel hopes that his invention will provide an affordable solution to help
52、people rebuild their lives after a natural disaster.”（麦克丹尼尔希望他的发明能够提供一种经济实惠的解决方案，帮助人们在自然灾害后重建生活。）可知，灾难避难所是经济实惠的。故选A。3.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Speakers at recent TED events have shared simple and inexpensive solutions that can solve everyday problems.”（在最近的TED活动上，演讲者们分享了一些简单而廉价的解决日常问题的方法。）可知，这篇文章的主要目的是介绍新发明。故
53、选B项。BCompassion may be something that one is born with, but actually being good at caring for others requires experience and a certain set of skills. An early opportunity to develop and practice these skills came with the birth of my brother when I was in 5th grade. Although it took great patience t
54、o deal with a small child, I found deep joy in something so simple as watching him grow day by day.Not only did I enjoy taking care of my little brother, but I volunteered at the Organization for Special Needs Families (OSNF) in my neighborhood so I could apply and further develop my childcare skill
55、s. I was partnered with Matthew, a 10-year-old with curly blond hair and blue eyes. He didnt look different from other kids, but he had difficulty controlling his emotions, especially anger. His biggest problem was that he couldnt go to the toilet himself. Every day I had to clean up his mess if he
56、pooped in his pants. It was just like the “good old days” with my little brother before I successfully toilet-trained him.Although I was never going to be able to toilet-train Matthew I was able to change his life in another way. We had swimming three times a week, but Matthew was hopelessly afraid
57、of the water. At first, Matthew just sat on the steps of the pool and did nothing. I pushed him slowly down the stairs until he was at last standing in the shallowest part of the pool. The next day, I pushed him a little further into the water. By the third day, he completely trusted me to take him
58、into the pool. Maybe my large size also helped give him a sense of security. He did not have to be afraid of anything when a 200-pound guy was holding him tight. I felt so proud as I saw him standing there in the pool, happily playing with other kids in the water. The OSNF adult leaders told me that
59、 I was the only volunteer who had been able to take care of Matthew well. I think what made the difference is the belief I had in Matthew, like how I had always believed in my little brother.Helping Matthew “grow” to overcome his fear of water made me realize things do not happen overnight. Real mag
60、ic is a result of patience, and miracles happen when one believes in them.34. How did the author feel about taking care of his brother?A. Tired.B. Joyful.C. Proud.D. Stressed.35. The author volunteered at OSNF because he wanted to _.A. use and improve his childcare skillsB. create a friendly neighbo
61、rhoodC. change the lives of other kidsD. get some work experience36. With the authors help, Matthew finally could _.A. control his emotionsB. play with his friendsC. poop in the toiletD. stand in the pool37. According to the author, what mattered most when he helped Matthew “grow”?A. His large size
62、and strong body.B. His experience and knowledge.C. His patience and trust in Matthew.D. His willingness to take care of his brother.【答案】34. B 35. A 36. D 37. C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者帮助Matthew成长的经历。作者认为他对Matthew的耐心和信任是最重要的。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Although it took great patience to deal with a small child, I
63、found deep joy in something so simple as watching him grow day by day.”虽然照顾一个小孩需要很大的耐心，但看着他一天天长大这样简单的事情，却让我从中找到了深切的快乐。由此可知，作者觉得照顾他的弟弟是快乐的。故选B。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Not only do I enjoy taking care of my little brother, but I volunteer with the Special Needs Family Organization (OSNF) in my community so
64、that I can apply and further develop my childcare skills.”由此可知，作者在OSNF做志愿者，因为他想利用并提高自己的照顾孩子的技能。故选A。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“I pushed him slowly down the stairs until he was at last standing in the shallowest part of the pool.”我推着他慢慢地走下楼梯，直到他终于站在池塘最浅的地方。由此可知，在作者的帮助下，Matthew终于可以站在泳池里了。故选D。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据最后
65、一段“Helping Matthew “grow” to overcome his fear of water made me realize things do not happen overnight. Real magic is a result of patience, and miracles happen when one believes in them.”“帮助Matthew“成长”，克服他对水的恐惧，让我意识到事情不是一蹴而就的。真正的魔法是耐心的结果，奇迹发生在相信它们的时候。”由此可知，据作者说，当他帮助Matthew“成长”时，他对Matthew的耐心和信任是最重要的。
66、故选C。CSocial Networking Sites: Are They Changing Human Communication?It is hardly news that people are using the Internet to communicate with others more and more. Some people fear that someday we will no longer feel the need to talk to one another face to face. However, some recent studies suggest t
67、hat people communicate, or stay in touch, even more than they used to. Whichever side you fall on, what is clear and without a doubt is that human communication has changed in the 21st century. But results of recent scientific studies may have us reconsider just how much our new communication forms
68、have changed our world.In June 2008, a British psychiatrist, Himanshu Tyagi, warned that communicating on social networking sites could have a negative effect on the generation of people born after 1990. This generation has never known a world without the Internet. Tyagi says that these people use t
69、he Internet to communicate with others so much that they may have trouble forming real relationships. Tyagi is concerned that people may start and end relationships over the Internet. Describing the Internet he said, “Its a world where everything moves fast and changes all the time, where relationsh
70、ips are quickly ended at the click of a mouse.”Another psychologist, Dr. Aric Sigman, warned of the physical effects that come with using social networking sites. He suggests that the reduction in the amount of time we spend interacting (互动交流) with people face to face could have biological effects o
71、n the human body. The results of his study suggest that, without real personal interaction, the body does not react the same way it would if people were meeting face to face. As a result, immune responses, even hormone levels, can be changed. These changes may lead to the development of illnesses, s
72、uch as cancer.Despite these warnings, studies can be found that show the positive sides of social networking sites. The results of one study show that using social networking sites has increased the self-esteem (自尊心) of young adults. Another suggests that college students using these sites feel more
73、 “connected” with people when they use them. In addition to scientific studies, there are many who feel that the benefits of social networking sites outweigh the possible negative sides. Many people, especially those who spend a lot of time at home, for various reasons, find the Internet a lifeline.
74、 They are able to communicate with many people using these sites.Perhaps the key to this new communication style is self-control and common sense. If someone spends all of his time on the Internet, and never actually sees friends face to face, that seems like an unhealthy way to live. But if someone
75、 spends time on the Internet, some of which is spent arranging meetings for “real” time together, then it seems almost complementary (互补的). Balance is the key to keeping communication alive and well in the 21st century.38. Which of the following ideas may Himanshu Tyagi agree with?A. Social networki
76、ng sites harm people of all ages.B. The Internet weakens young peoples relationships.C. The use of the Internet improves peoples immune system.D. The online world pushes people to live a faster and better life.39. What is Dr. Aric Sigmans major concern about using social networking sites?A. It will
77、stop the face-to-face interaction.B. It reduces the self-esteem of young adults.C. It may cause some serious health problems.D It makes people feel less connected with others.40. What does the underlined word “outweigh” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Are greater than.B. Are heavier than.C. Are more
78、 effective than.D. Are more difficult than.41. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: ConclusionA. B. C. D. 【答案】38. B 39. C 40. A 41. D【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了社交网站改变人类沟通方式的好处和弊端，并强调了平衡两者关系的重要性。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Tyagi says t
79、hat these people use the Internet to communicate with others so much that they may have trouble forming real relationships. Tyagi is concerned that people may start and end relationships over the Internet. (Tyagi说，这些人使用Internet与他人进行交流太多，以至于他们可能难以建立真正的关系。Tyagi担心人们可能会通过Internet建立和终止关系)”可知，Himanshu Tya
80、gi可能同意互联网削弱了年轻人的关系这个观点。故选B项。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“The results of his study suggest that, without real personal interaction, the body does not react the same way it would if people were meeting face to face. As a result, immune responses, even hormone levels, can be changed. These changes may lead to t
81、he development of illnesses, such as cancer. (他的研究结果表明，如果没有真正的个人互动，人体的反应就不会像人们面对面时那样。结果可以改变免疫反应，甚至激素水平。 这些变化可能导致疾病的发展，例如癌症)”可知，Dr. Aric Sigman担心的是使用社交网站可能会导致一些严重的健康问题。故选C项。【40题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Despite these warnings, studies can be found that show the positive sides of social networking sites. The re
82、sults of one study show that using social networking sites has increased the self-esteem (自尊心) of young adults. Another suggests that college students using these sites feel more “connected” with people when they use them. (尽管有这些坏处，但研究表明社交网站的积极方面。一项研究的结果表明，使用社交网站提高了年轻人的自尊心。另一个表明，使用这些网站的大学生在使用这些网站时会感
83、觉与他们之间的联系更多)”可知，此处表明使用社交网站的益处大于弊端。由此推知，划线词意为“超过”。故选A项。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“But results of recent scientific studies may have us reconsider just how much our new communication forms have changed our world. (但是，最近科学研究的结果可能使我们重新考虑新的交流形式已经改变了我们的世界)”是总述句也是文章的主旨句。第二段中“Himanshu Tyagi, warned that communicat
84、ing on social networking sites could have a negative effect on the generation of people born after 1990. (Himanshu Tyagi警告说，在社交网站上进行交流可能会对1990年以后出生的人产生负面影响)”可知，这是分论点之一。第三段中“He suggests that the reduction in the amount of time we spend interacting (互动交流) with people face to face could have biological
85、 effects on the human body. (他表明减少我们与人面对面互动所花费的时间，可能会对人体产生生物上的影响)”是支持分论点一。结合“Despite these warnings, studies can be found that show the positive sides of social networking sites. (尽管有这些坏处，但研究表明社交网站的积极方面)”可知，这是分论点之二。同时，第四段中“Another suggests that college students using these sites feel more “connected
86、” with people when they use them. (另一个表明，使用这些网站的大学生在使用这些网站时会感觉与他们之间的联系更多)”支持分论点二。根据最后一段中“But if someone spends time on the Internet, some of which is spent arranging meetings for “real” time together, then it seems almost complementary (互补的). Balance is the key to keeping communication alive and wel
87、l in the 21st century. (但是，如果有人花时间在Internet上，其中一些花在安排面对面交流，那么似乎是可以互补的。 寻求平衡是在21世纪保持沟通畅通无阻的关键因素)”可知，此句是对文章的总结。D项行文结构符合文章行文脉络。故选D项。DAt the heart of psychology is understanding behavior, and understanding behavior has much to do with understanding the brain. Neuroscientists (神经系统科学家) have become more e
88、fficient at mapping the brain and have gained more understanding of how the brain develops and works. Truly, differences in behavior as we age and between genders, are most likely explained by the physical state of and changes in our brains.Around the age of 12, it is believed that the areas of the
89、brain that are used most will be strengthened and cells in the brain that are not used tend to die. What you do with your brain in your teen years probably decides how your brain will work for the rest of your life. If a teen spends endless hours watching TV, the neural connections that help the bra
90、in process TV are what will be strengthened. It is clear, therefore, that how young people spend their time is of great importance.Surprisingly, and different from earlier beliefs, the brain is still developing even in the early twenties. Areas of the brain that are related to emotion, decision maki
91、ng, reasoning, and problem solving are still not fully developed. This may go some way toward explaining why car accident rates in young people are significantly higher than those among older people. Young people dont have the necessary skills to make complex judgments while driving.There are also d
92、ifferences in the way brains develop when it comes to gender. It appears that girls are ready to process more challenging information earlier than boys, with the area of the brain responsible for this activity peaking at the age of 14 to 16 in boys, a full two years later than girls. In addition, st
93、udies have shown that girls and boys process language input in different parts of their brains. Girls typically tend to do better than boys in language, which means that they have more brain matter responsible for language skills.This kind of research raises important questions about how boys and gi
94、rls should be taught in school to maximize (使最大化) their learning. For example, the idea of single-sex education should perhaps be taken into consideration. Experts say that we would do well to revisit the timing of the subjects taught in school, as some parts of the brain develop before others. Addi
95、tionally, what we understand about the teenage brain should perhaps be taken into consideration when laws are being made with regard to the minimum (最低的) driving age.42. According to the passage, young people are more likely to have car accidents because _.A. they fail to realize the importance of s
96、killsB. they dont have the necessary skills in drivingC certain areas in their brains are not fully developedD. their brains tend to be influenced by their emotions43. What can we learn from the passage?A. Earlier beliefs show the brain is still developing in the early twenties.B. Girls are better a
97、t language because they are devoted to language learning.C. How people spend their time when theyre teenagers affects their future life.D. Gender makes no difference when it comes to the physical state of the brain.44. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _.A. single-sex education may ben
98、efit teenagersB. the time when school starts should be put offC. lawmakers will lower the minimum driving ageD. the number of subjects in school might be changed45. Which would be the best title for this passage?A. Age and the BrainB. Genders and the BrainC. Mapping the BrainD. The Developing Brain【
99、答案】42. C 43. C 44. A 45. D【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人类的大脑在不断的发展。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据原文第三段“Areas of the brain that are related to emotion, decision making, reasoning, and problem solving are still not fully developed. This may go some way toward explaining why car accident rates in young people are significantly h
100、igher than those among older people.”可知，大脑中与情感、决策、推理论证和问题解决有关的大脑区域尚未发育完全，这可以解释为何年轻人的交通事故发生率显著高于中老年人。C选项“大脑中的某些区域尚未发育完全”符合原文。完成题目时应注意排除干扰项B，第三段最后一句提到年轻人缺乏的是驾驶时做出复杂判断的必要能力（make complex judgments while driving），而不是缺乏驾驶的必要能力，B选项偷换概念。综上应选C。【43题详解】推理判断题。原文第二段举了12岁左右的青少年看电视的例子，并明确指出“What you do with your b
101、rain in your teen years probably decides how your brain will work for the rest of your life.”（在青少年时期你用你的大脑干什么很可能会决定余下的一生你的大脑是如何运转的），文中提到如果青少年没完没了地看电视，那么大脑中与此有关的细胞就会活跃发达，其它部分会退化，并总结道“It is clear, therefore, that how young people spend their time is of great importance”，因此，年轻人怎样花他们的时间（对他们的未来发展、未来生活）十分
102、重要。由此判断出，人们在青少年时期如何打发时间会影响他们未来的生活。故选C。【44题详解】推理判断题。本题问的是从最后一段可以推断出什么，在倒数第二段文章提到男女性别不同，大脑发展规律有别，最后一段进一步说这样的研究提出了一个问题即学校应该如何教育男孩和女孩最大限度地提高他们的学习能力？紧接着作者举了例子“For example, the idea of single-sex education should perhaps be taken into consideration.”（例如，男女分开、因才施策的点子或许应该被纳入考虑），结合前文的内容可合理推断，这里的“纳入考虑”正是基于这种教
103、育或许对青少年有益，由此推断出分男女的教育对青少年有益，故选A。【45题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Neuroscientists (神经系统科学家) have become more efficient at mapping the brain and have gained more understanding of how the brain develops and works. Truly, differences in behavior as we age and between genders, are most likely explained by the
104、physical state of and changes in our brains.”可知，神经科学家在绘制大脑图谱方面变得更加高效，对大脑的发育和运作有了更多的了解。的确，随着年龄的增长和性别的差异，很可能是由我们大脑的生理状态和变化来解释的。D选项“不断发展中的大脑”适合做标题。故选D。第卷（共65分）I. 选词填空（共7小题；每小题2分，共14分）用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子, 每个单词只能用一次。contribution confident relieve inspireindependent represent satisfaction46. It is very impo
105、rtant for college students to learn to live _ and manage time appropriately.47. Red is a color which usually _ good luck and happiness in Chinese culture.48. Zhong Nanshan won the highest honor of the country because he had made great _.49. This medicine can provide_ from pain for those who suffer f
106、rom headache.50. Pauls experience was definitely _ and many teens followed his example.51. Naturally, shy people might not have enough _ to start up conversations with strangers.52. The coach seems quite _ with the players wonderful performance in the competition.【答案】46. independently 47. represents
107、 48. contributions 49. relief 50. inspiring 51. confidence 52. satisfied【解析】【46题详解】考查副词。句意：对于大学生来说，学会独立生活和合理安排时间是非常重要的。修饰动词live，用副词形式。根据句意，故填independently。【47题详解】考查动词。句意：在中国文化中，红色通常代表好运和幸福。分析句子可知，定语从句中缺少谓语动词。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。先行词color为单数，所以定语从句中的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填represents。【48题详解】考查名词。句意：钟南山因为做出了巨大的贡献而获得
108、了国家的最高荣誉。make a contribution/contributions做贡献。名词前无冠词，所以用复数形式。故填contributions。【49题详解】考查名词。句意：这种药可以缓解头痛患者的疼痛。句中用名词形式作宾语。relief减轻，为不可数名词。故填relief。【50题详解】考查形容词。句意：保罗的经历无疑是鼓舞人心的，许多青少年都以他为榜样。句中用形容词作表语，主语Pauls experience是物，所以用-ing形式形容词。故填inspiring。【51题详解】考查名词。句意：自然地，害羞的人可能没有足够的信心开始与陌生人交谈。句中用名词作宾语。confidenc
109、e信心，为不可数名词。故填confidence。【52题详解】考查形容词。句意：教练似乎对运动员在比赛中的出色表现很满意。be satisfied with对感到满意。故填satisfied。II. 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。53. They reached an island _ is famous for a variety of plants.（用适当的词填空）【答案】which/that【解析】【分析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们到达了一个以各种植物而闻名的岛屿。分析句子结构
110、， is famous for a variety of plants.是一个定语从句，an island是先行词，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以由关系代词which/that引导定语从句。故填which/that。54. She didnt like horseback riding because she was _ (scare) of being thrown off the horse.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】scared【解析】【分析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：她不喜欢骑马，因为她害怕从马上摔下来。be动词后面用形容词作表语，be scared of的意思是“对感到害
111、怕”。故填scared。55. This is the scientist _ achievements are well known. （用适当的词填空）【答案】whose【解析】【分析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是那位成就众所周知的科学家。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是scientist，指人，关系词在定语从句中作定语修饰名词achievements，表示所属关系，意为“的”，所以空处需用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。56. _ is difficult if you put your heart into it. （用适当的词填空）【答案】
112、Nothing【解析】【详解】考查代词。句意：世上无难事，只要肯登攀。根据句意可知，这里用复合不定代词代词nothing作主语。故填Nothing。57. The experts are trying their best to find out ways _ (solve) the problem. （所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】to solve【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：专家们正在尽力寻找解决这个问题的方法。分析句子可知，“ (solve) the problem.”作定语修饰ways，way to do sth.表示“做某事的方法”，用不定式作定语，故填to solve。58
113、. My friend _ has made fantastic progress in English will give us some tips on English learning. （用适当的词填空）【答案】who【解析】【分析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的一位在英语上取得了巨大进步的朋友将给我们一些学习英语的建议。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是my friend，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词who引导定语从句。故填who。59. _ (protect) the endangered animals, the government
114、 has set up some nature reserves. （所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】To protect【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了保护濒危动物，政府已经建立了一些自然保护区。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词has set up，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语，此处表示为了保护濒危动物，所以空处需用动词不定式作目的状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填To protect。60. In the last few years, many high-speed rail systems _ (build) in China. （所给词的适当形式填空）
115、【答案】have been built【解析】【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的几年中，中国建造了许多高速铁路系统。根据句中时间状语In the last few years可知，应用现在完成时。主语high-speed rail systems 与build之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填have been built。61. Dr. Smith said he _ (give) a speech on how to reduce stress the next week. （所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】would give【解析】【分析】【详解】考查时态。句意：史密斯博士说他下周
116、要做一个关于如何减轻压力的演讲。由主句谓语动词said可知，空处宾语从句的谓语动词需用过去的某种时态，根据时间状语the next week可知，空处谓语动词需用过去将来时：would do，表示过去看将要发生的动作。故填would give。62. The Dragon Boat Festival _ (celebrate) on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. （所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】is celebrated【解析】【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：端午节是在农历五月初五。由on the fifth day of the fifth l
117、unar month可知时态是一般现在时，描述一个客观的事实；主语为The Dragon Boat Festival，与celebrate之间是被动关系，因此谓语动词要用一般现在时的被动语态；The Dragon Boat Festival是单数，谓语动词用单数。故填is celebrated。III. 完成句子（共5小题; 第63、64题每题2分, 第65、66、67题每题3分, 共13分）根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。63. Joe正努力在数学方面跟上其他同学。（keep up with）（汉译英）【答案】Joe is trying to keep up with others in m
118、ath.【解析】【详解】考查动词短语和时态。由句意可知，时态是现在进行时。表示“跟得上”可用动词短语keep up with，表示“努力做某事”可用动词短语try to do sth.，故谓语动词为is trying to keep up with；宾语为“其他同学”，要用复数，可用others或other classmates。故翻译为Joe is trying to keep up with others in math.64. 她决定报名参加一个艺术社团。（sign up）（汉译英）【答案】She decided to sign up for an art club.【解析】【分析】【详
119、解】考查动词、短语和名词。根据句意可知，此处描述的事情已经发生，应使用一般过去时，表示“决定”应用动词decide，其过去式是decided；表示“报名”应用sign up for；表示“一个艺术社团”短语为an art club。故译为She decided to sign up for an art club.65. 如果不放弃，你的努力会得到回报。（pay off）（汉译英）【答案】If you dont give up, your efforts will pay off.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查条件状语从句和固定短语。“如果”表示一种假设，应使用If引导的条件状语从句，从句部分用
120、一般现在时，主句部分用一般将来时。动词短语pay off表示“（某行动）取得成功，使得到回报”，使用主动语态，因而此处使用pay off翻译得当。故译为：If you dont give up, your efforts will pay off.66. 你最好写下这个号码，以免忘记。（in case）（汉译英）【答案】Youd better take down this number in case you forget it.【解析】【详解】考查连词、动词短语和固定句式。表示“你最好做某事”可用固定句式Youd better do sth.；表示“写下”可用动词短语take down；表示
121、“以免”可用连词in case，引导目的状语从句。故翻译为Youd better take down this number in case you forget it。67. 一进教室，一幅画就吸引了我的目光。（catch ones eye）（汉译英）【答案】As soon as/ The moment I entered/came into the classroom, one painting caught my eye.【解析】【详解】考查连词和动词短语。表示“一.就.”可用连词as soon as/ the moment，连接时间状语从句；表示“进入”可用动词短语enter/come
122、 into；主句主语为“一幅画”，可表示为名词one painting；表示“吸引”可用动词短语catch ones eye。由句意可知，时态是一般过去时。故翻译为As soon as/ The moment I entered/came into the classroom, one painting caught my eye。IV. 阅读表达（共4小题; 每小题2分, 共8分）阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。I always dreamed of pulling off the surprise prank (玩笑) of a
123、lifetime. Well, thanks to a little determination, some luck, and the power of love, my dream became a reality.My family is Canadian, although my sister studied in Australia. She was graduating just before Christmas, but because my school schedule was busy, I would not be able to make it down in time
124、 for her graduation. She was understandably disappointed, and I felt guilty that I couldnt be there for her on this most special occasion.While I was talking to my teacher the week before the big event, I mentioned that I would be missing my sisters graduation. Surprisingly, she commented, “Well, if
125、 you want to go, I have no problem with it, so go ahead!” I couldnt believe my luck! I nearly jumped for joy.Immediately, I called the airline. Amazingly, even during the busy Christmas season, I was able to change my ticket to arrive the day before my sisters graduation.With this fantastic news, I
126、was bursting to tell my sister. But, wait. For a grand surprise, I needed a much more dramatic arrival than just a ring of the doorbell. What if I could arrive in a box? That would be the best Christmas present for my sister.Although I was leaving in less than seventy-two hours, I started searching
127、for delivery companies. The only one willing to go along with my Christmas surprise, was CouriersPlease. At first the manager said no, because Christmas was their busiest season. But then later, he kindly volunteered to deliver me himself.Upon arrival in Australia, the manager and his colleagues loa
128、ded me in the box and carried me all the way up to my sisters, where they rang the doorbell and announced they had a delivery for her. I couldnt see the look on my sisters face, but I could tell from her voice that she was both shocked and excited to receive such a huge gift box. I will never forget
129、 the look on her face as she opened the box.It was such a great Christmas present for my sister, that is, for me to be able to go to her graduation, and in the process, show her how much I loved her. It also served as a lesson for me: _.68. Why was the author unable to go to his sisters graduation?
130、(不多于7个单词)69. Who delivered the author to his sisters? (不多于5个单词)70. How did the authors sister feel when she received the box? (不多于6个单词)71. What lesson does the author learn from the experience? (单词数不限)【答案】68. Because the authors school schedule was busy. 69. The manager and his colleagues. 70. She w
131、as both shocked and excited. 71. 至少提及the power of love; determination; help; luck中的两个关键点即可【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者的妹妹就要在圣诞节前毕业了，但因为作者课业繁忙可能会错过参加她的毕业典礼。但没想到老师批准了她的假，之后的种种困难作者也顺利解决了，完美地给了妹妹一个大惊喜。【68题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段中“She was graduating just before Christmas, but because my school schedule was busy, I would
132、 not be able to make it down in time for her graduation. (她就要在圣诞节前毕业了，但因为我的课业繁忙，我不能够及时赶去参加她的毕业典礼。)”可知，因为作者的课业很忙，所以不能去参加他妹妹的毕业典礼，故答案为Because the authors school schedule was busy。【69题详解】考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中“Upon arrival in Australia, the manager and his colleagues loaded me in the box and carried me all th
133、e way up to my sisters, where they rang the doorbell and announced they had a delivery for her. (一到澳大利亚，经理和他的同事们就把我装进箱子，一路抬到我妹妹家，他们按响了门铃，说有快递给她。)”可知，是经理和他的同事把作者递送到妹妹家的，故答案为The manager and his colleagues。【70题详解】考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中“ I couldnt see the look on my sisters face, but I could tell from her voic
134、e that she was both shocked and excited to receive such a huge gift box. (我看不见我妹妹的表情，但我能从她的声音里听出来，她既震惊又兴奋，因为她收到了这么大的礼盒。)”可知，收到盒子时， 妹妹她既震惊又激动。故答案为She was both shocked and excited。【71题详解】考查推理判断。根据第五段中“Immediately, I called the airline. Amazingly, even during the busy Christmas season, I was able to ch
135、ange my ticket to arrive the day before my sisters graduation. (我立刻打电话给航空公司。令人惊讶的是，即使是在繁忙的圣诞节期间，我也能更改机票，在我妹妹毕业的前一天到达。)”以及第六段中“At first the manager said no, because Christmas was their busiest season. But then later, he kindly volunteered to deliver me himself.（起初经理拒绝了，因为圣诞节是他们最忙的季节。但后来，他好心地自愿亲自把我送来。
136、）”可知，作者从这次经历中学到了爱的力量能使你拥有战胜一切困难的决心，故答案为the power of love; determination; help; luck。V. 书面表达（20分）72. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他想强身健体，计划选择一项可以长期坚持的运动并向你征询建议。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：1.推荐的运动；2.推荐的理由。注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,I am glad to learn that you would like to
137、 exercise to keep fit. I believe running is the best choice. My reasons are as follows.First of all, the physical benefits from running have long been recognized as it helps increase the bodys flow of blood and oxygen, which thus strengthens the immune system and reduces the risk of diseases. Whats
138、more, running can certainly become a long-term hobby, since it takes only a pair of running shoes and can easily and flexibly be added to your schedule. Last but not least, running can improve ones mood and particularly provide relief from pain or tension. Therefore, you can also achieve mental well
139、-being if you take up running as a hobby. All in all, Id like to recommend running as a sport that you can do regularly.Why not give it a try? Just put on your trainers and get started. Then keep going. Im sure you will get a lot out of running.Best wishes!Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假设你是红星中学高一学
140、生李华。你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他想强身健体，计划选择一项可以长期坚持的运动并向你征询建议。请你给他回复邮件。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。内容包括：1.推荐的运动；2.推荐的理由。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）keep fit；as follows；benefits from；whats more；last but not least；take up；all in all第三步：连词成句（包含关键句，至少3句）1.First of all, the physic
141、al benefits from running have long been recognized as it helps increase the bodys flow of blood and oxygen, which thus strengthens the immune system and reduces the risk of diseases.2. Whats more, running can certainly become a long-term hobby, since it takes only a pair of running shoes and can eas
142、ily and flexibly be added to your schedule.3. Therefore, you can also achieve mental well-being if you take up running as a hobby.4. Why not give it a try?根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Last but not least2.表并列补充关系：What is more3.表因果关系： Therefore连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间
143、的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，【点睛】高分句型1 First of all, the physical benefits from running have long been recognized as it helps increase the bodys flow of blood and oxygen, which thus strengthens the immune system and reduces the risk of diseases.句中含as引导的原因状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句。高分句型2 Whats more, running can certainly become a long-term hobby, since it takes only a pair of running shoes and can easily and flexibly be added to your schedule.句中含情态动词的被动语态和since引导的原因状语从句。高分句型3 Therefore, you can also achieve mental well-being if you take up running as a hobby.句中含if引导的条件状语从句。
