1、课时作业(六)Unit2SectionExtendedreading, Project, Assessment&Furtherstudy阅读理解AAccordingtoarecentreport, about15%ofthepeopleintheUKaremembersofgyms.Butaretheymorelikelytobefit?Astudyfoundthatgymmemberswere14timesmoreactivethanpeoplewhodidntbelongtoanyhealthclub.Gymmembersdidsixhoursmoreexerciseaweek, andt
2、hisactivitydidmakethemfitterthannongymmembers.Theyalsospentlesstimesittingdowneverydaythannongymmembers.Theresultswerethesameformenandwomen.Thestudyincluded405peoplebetweentheagesof30and64, andthemaincharacteristicsofthosewhoweregymmemberswerethesameasthosewhowerenot.“Butgymmembersdidmoretrainingtha
3、nnongymmembers，”saidtheleadauthor, ElizabethSchroederoftheUniversityofIllinois.Whileitmightseemclearthatgymmembersexercisingmorearehealthierthannonmembers, Schroedersaysthishasnotbeendirectlyshownbefore.However, thestudyisonlydesignedtoshowatiebetweengymmembershipandmoreexercise.Itmaybethatactivepeo
4、pleliketojoingyms.Inthestudy, peoplewhoexercisedasmuchasgymmemberswerealsoingoodhealth.Youcangetthesamebenefitswhereveryouexercise.Thisstudyshowsagymmembershipcanmakeyoudomoreexercise, butotherresearchshowsthatexercisingoutsidehasotherhelp.Outdooractivitiescanmakeyoufeelhappyaboutlifeespeciallyifyou
5、runthroughaforest.Outdoorexerciseisalsomoreenjoyablethangoingtothegym.Thefirstfiveminutesofoutdoorexerciseisespeciallyhelpfulinmakingpeoplefeelgood.ButSchroedersaysthatagymmayalsoencouragegreaterexercisebecauseitcanbesocialandfun.1Whatdidthenewstudyfindout?AGymmembershadhealthiereatinghabits.BTherew
6、erefewerwomengymmembersthanmen.CGymmembersdidatleasteighthoursofexerciseaweek.DGymmembersweremoreactivethannongymmembers.2Inthestudy, researchersstudied_.AsomesportsloversB405gymmembersCpeoplefromdifferentagegroupsD30gymmembersand64nongymmembers3WhichofthefollowingwillElizabethSchroederagreewith?AWo
7、menshoulddomoregymexercise.BWeshouldbecarefulwithoutdoortraining.COutdoorexerciseisbetterthangymexercise.DItiseasiertokeepexercisingifyougotothegym.BIfyouthinkthatrunningmarathonswillhelpyoulivealongandhealthylife, newresearchmaycomeasashock.Accordingtoarecentscientificstudy, peoplewhodoaverystrenuo
8、usworkoutareaslikelytodieaspeoplewhodonoexerciseatall.ScientistsinDenmarkhavebeenstudyingover1,000joggers (慢跑者) andnonjoggersfor12years.Thedeathratesfromthesamplegroupindicatethatpeoplewhojogataproperpacetwoorthreetimesaweekforlessthantwoandahalfhoursintotalareleastlikelytodie.Thebestspeedtojogatwas
9、foundtobeabout5milesperhour.Theresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhojogmorethanthreetimesaweekorathigherspeedsofover7mphdieatthesamerateasnonjoggers.Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries.Overtime, thiscancauseseriousinjuries.PeterSchnohr, aresearche
10、rinCopenhagen, said, “Ifyourgoalistodecreaseriskofdeathandimprovelifeexpectancy, joggingafewtimesaweekataproperpaceisagoodstrategy.Anythingmoreisnotjustunnecessary, anditmaybeharmful.”Theimplicationsofthisarethatmoderateformsofexercisesuchastaichi, yogaandwalkingmaybebetterforusthan“ironman”events,
11、triathlonsandlongdistancerunningandcycling.AccordingtoJacobLouisMarott, anotherresearcherinvolvedinthestudy, “Youdontactuallyhavetodothatmuchtohaveagoodimpactonyourhealth.Andperhapsyoushouldntactuallydotoomuch.”4Whatdoestheunderlinedword“strenuous”inParagraph1mean?ARegular.BHard.CPractical.DFlexible
12、.5WhydoestheauthorpresentsomefiguresinParagraph2?ATosuggestgivingupjogging.BToshowrisksofdoingsports.CToprovidesupportiveevidence.DTointroducetheresearchprocess.6Accordingtothescientists, whyistoomuchexerciseharmful?AItmayinjuretheheartandarteries.BItcanmakethebodytiredout.CItwillbringmuchpressure.D
13、Itconsumestoomuchenergy.7Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?ANoexerciseatallisthebestchoice.BMoreexercisemeansahealthierlife.CMarathonsrunnersareleastlikelytodie.DProperexercisecontributestogoodhealth.CExercisemayholdthekeytoyouth, accordingtoastudypublishedonMondaywhichshowedpeoplewhokeepfitareuptonineye
14、arsbiologicallyyoungerthanthosewhodonot.Thefindingsarethefirsttoshowinhumanshowkeepingfitaffectstheageingprocess.Thestudyof2,401twinsfoundthatasedentarylifestyleraisestheriskofarangeofproblemsfromheartdiseasetocancerandappearstoplayakeyroleintheageingprocess.Itallappearstoboildownto (归结为) thelengtho
15、fstructurescalledtelomeres (染色体终端)whichprotecttheDNAonthechromosomes (染色体), theresearchersfromKingsCollegeLondonwroteintheArchivesofInternalMedicine.Manystudieshaveshowntelomeresgetshorterovertime, suggestingthecellsareageingordying.Thestudy, whichextracted (提取) aDNAsamplefromtheirvolunteers, foundp
16、eoplewhoexercisedmoreeachweekhadlongertelomeres.Exerciselowerstheriskofarangeofproblemssuchasheartdisease, diabetesandcancer, theresearcherssaid.“Itisnotjustwalkingaroundtheblock.Itisreallyworkingupasweat.”saidTimSpector, ageneticepidemiologistwholedthestudy, inatelephoneinterview.Thestudyfoundpeopl
17、ewhoexercisedenergetically3hourseachweekhadlongertelomeresandtheywere9yearsbiologicallyyoungerthanpeoplewhodidunder15minutes.Spectorsteam, whoalsoadjustedforbodyweight, smoking, economicstatusandphysicalactivityatwork, alsosaidmoderateexercisefor12hourseachweekprovidedafouryearadvantage.Studyingtwin
18、salsoprovidedauniqueopportunitytojudgetheeffectsofexerciseonpeoplewiththesameorsimilargeneticmakeup, theresearcherssaid.Thereasonwhyexercisehasthiseffectisnotclearbuttheresearcherssaidtheybelievephysicalactivitysomehowdefendsagainstthenaturalprocesscalledoxidativestress (氧化应激反应), whichdamagesandkill
19、scells.8Whatistheriskofsedentarylifestyle?AItcancausediseases.BItcanmakeourcellsalive.CItcanlengthentelomeres.DItcankeepusfit.9Whatdoweknowfromthetext?AExercisingcanshortenthetelomeres.BThelessexercise, thelongertelomeres.CSittingoftenboilsmorechromosomes.DTelomeresaffecthumanbeingsageing.10Whatcanc
20、auseageingaccordingtothelastparagraph?ACellswithdiseases.BOxidativestress.CGeneticstructure.DPhysicalactivities.11Whatisthepurposeofthetext?ATointroducesomeexercise.BToshowhowtodoresearch.CToencouragepeopletoexercise.DToadvisepeopletoloseweight.课时作业(六)阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。一项新的研究发现健身会员比非健身会员更活跃。如果你去健
21、身房，就更容易坚持锻炼。1答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第二段的“Astudyfoundthatgymmemberswere14timesmoreactivethanpeoplewhodidntbelongtoanyhealthclub.(一项研究发现，健身房会员的活跃程度是不属于任何健身俱乐部会员的14倍)”可推测，新研究发现健身会员比非健身会员更活跃。D项“Gymmembersweremoreactivethannongymmembers.(健身会员比非会员更加活跃)”符合以上推测，故选D。2答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第三段的“Thestudyincluded405peoplebetw
22、eentheagesof30and64 (这项研究包括405名年龄在30到64岁之间的人)”可知，研究人员研究了不同年龄段的人。C项“peoplefromdifferentagegroups (来自不同年龄段的人)”符合以上说法，故选C。3答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“ButSchroedersaysthatagymmayalsoencouragegreaterexercisebecauseitcanbesocialandfun.但施罗德说，健身房也可能鼓励(人们进行)更多的锻炼，因为它是充满社交和乐趣的”可知，在健身房锻炼是有趣的而且可以建立社交。故推测，伊丽莎白施罗德认为去健
23、身房更容易坚持锻炼。D项“Itiseasiertokeepexercisingifyougotothegym.(如果你去健身房，就更容易坚持锻炼)”符合以上推测，故选D。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。研究表明那些从事剧烈运动的人和根本不做运动的人死亡概率一样，这是因为剧烈运动会损害我们的心脏和动脉。适度的运动才有助于我们的健康。4答案与解析：B词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Ifyouthinkthatrunningmarathonswillhelpyoulivealongandhealthylife, newresearchmaycomeasashock.”可知，人们一般认为跑马拉松会帮助我们
24、过上健康长寿的生活，但新的研究结果并不是这样。那些从事“strenuousworkout”的人和根本不做运动的人死亡可能性一样。由此可以推测“runningmarathons”属于“strenuous”。再根据第二段中的“becausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries”可推测，strenuousexercise是指剧烈运动。strenuous意为“高强度的，剧烈的，强烈的”。故选B。5答案与解析：C推理判断题。第二段中的“Theresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhojogmoretha
25、nthreetimesaweekorathigherspeedsofover7mphdieatthesamerateasnonjoggers.(研究表明每周慢跑超过三次或时速超过7英里的人死亡率与从不慢跑者相同)”通过呈现研究数据作为证据来证明文章第一段提出的观点：做剧烈运动的人和根本不做运动的人死亡率一样。故选C。6答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries.Overtime, thiscancau
26、seseriousinjuries.(科学家们认为这是因为剧烈运动会导致心脏和动脉的结构改变。随着时间的推移，这会造成严重的伤害)”可知，剧烈运动可能会损伤我们的心脏和动脉。故选A。7答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Anythingmoreisnotjustunnecessary, anditmaybeharmful.”和第四段JacobLouisMarott的观点“Andperhapsyoushouldntactuallydotoomuch.”可知，如果目标是降低死亡风险和延长寿命，以适当的速度每周慢跑几次是合适的，过度运动不仅没有必要，还可能有害。适当的运动才对我们的健康有好处。
27、故选D。C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。一项研究显示，锻炼身体可能是保持年轻的关键。身体健康的人比不健康的人在生理上要年轻九岁，这一发现首次向人们展示了保持健康是如何影响衰老过程的。8答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thestudyof2,401twinsfoundthatasedentarylifestyleraisestheriskofarangeofproblemsfromheartdiseasetocancerandappearstoplayakeyroleintheageingprocess.(这项对2401对双胞胎的研究发现，久坐不动的生活方式引发了从心脏病到癌症等一系列疾病
28、的风险，而且在影响衰老过程中起着关键的作用)”可知，久坐不动的生活方式会导致疾病。故选A。9答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第三段可知，伦敦国王学院的研究人员在内科学文献中写道：“这一切似乎都归结于一种叫作染色体终端的结构的长度，它能够保护染色体上的DNA。”染色体终端影响人类的衰老。故选D。10答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Thereasonwhyexercisehasthiseffectisnotclearbuttheresearcherssaidtheybelievephysicalactivitysomehowdefendsagainstthenaturalprocesscalledoxidativestress.(运动产生这种效果的原因尚不清楚，但研究人员表示，他们认为体育活动在某种程度上可以抵御氧化应激这一自然过程)”可知，氧化应激会导致衰老。故选B。11答案与解析：C推理判断题。根据第一段可知，一项研究显示，锻炼身体可能是保持年轻的关键。身体健康的人比不健康的人在生理上要年轻九岁。文章的目的是鼓励人们锻炼。故选C。
