1、Relaxing学案预习与检测翻译下列词组1患某种疾病 _(suffer from)2.从降低到_ (reduce fromto)3.把重点放在上_(place stress on) 4.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事_(would rather do sth. than do sth.)5.在节食_( be on a diet)6.做某事的方法_( a way of doing sth.)7.阻止某人做某事_(present/stop/keep sb. from doing sth.)8.指望某人做某事_(depend on sb.to do sth.)知识探究一.重点单词1. stress n.压
2、力;紧张;压迫 I was completely weighed down by the stress of examinations.我被考试的压力压垮了。拓展：stress n. 1）着重;重要性 (+on) She lay great stress on proper behavior.她很强调行为端正。2）重音;重读 (+on) In the word “doctor” the stress is on the first syllable.在“doctor”这一单词里,重音在第一个音节上。stress vt.1)强调,着重The English teacher stressed th
3、e importance of reading aloud in the morning.英语老师强调了在早晨朗读的重要性。 2)用重音读Stress the second syllable.重读第二个音节。pressure 与stress 的区别pressure只可作名词，stress既可作名词，又可做动词 stress做名词时，意思偏于精神方面的压力 pressure做名词时，意思偏于物理方面的压力 运用：翻译下列句子1） 只要我们从不同的角度去看待它，压力并不是件坏事。答案：Stress isnt a bad thing if only we keep a different eye o
4、n it. 2）他的公司对成本强调有余，对质量重视不足。答案：His company places too much stress on cost and not enough on quality.2reduce v(1)（使）减少，缩小（尺寸、数量等），（使）降低（价格、程度等）His income has reduced by 10%.他的收入已经减少了10%。(2) 使（某人）陷于（一般用被动）The boy was reduced to tears.那个男孩哭了。拓展：reduce from/to/in/by from 表起点，to表终点，in表某个方面,by表程度。相似用法的词有i
5、ncrease, go up, rise, decrease, go down, fall等。decrease, reduce与lower的区别reduce是一种主观的减少、降低，主语是使减少的外力，常指数量上，比例的减少。T。decrease是一种客观的减少、下降，主语是减少的东西。lower是指降低 高度上的降低，比如水平线，生活水平的降低。 运用：用适当的介词填空（1）If you by ten pairs, I will reduce the price_15 %.答案 ： by 表示程度。（2）The number of the workers he has rose _1000 _
6、2000.That meant it has increased_100%.答案 ：from; to; by 用reduce, decrease 填空1）The conductor_(降低火车速度）because of the traffic accident ahead. 2)The number of Milu deer has_（减少到300只）in that area. 3)The time she spent on her study has_(减少）since she became interested in on-line games. 4)The population of m
7、y village has_(减少了500人还有大约300人） 5)They _(降低）their wage demands 答案1)reduced the speed of the train 2) decreased to 300 3) decreased 4) decreased by 500to about 3005) reduced 3probably adv大概，很可能，多半会He probably told his father all about the matter.他很可能告诉了他父亲这事。 拓展：（1） probable adj.大概的，很可能的（2）possible,
8、likely 和probable这三个词都有“可能”的意思，但用法不同。possible作表语时，不能用人或物做主语，习惯用作形式主语，可用于It is possible (for sb. ) to do sth. 或It is possible that 句型中。如：It is possible to go there by train.可以乘火车去那里。Its possible that the meeting will be put off. 会议可能会被推迟。likely即可以用人也可以用物做主语，还可以用于It is likely that 句型。如：It is likely tha
9、t I will fail in the exam. /I am likely to fail in the exam.我很可能考试不及格。probable作表语时，只用于It is probable that 句型中。如：It is probable that he forgot the letter.很可能他忘了那信。运用：选择填空It is _to snow tomorrow.A. likely B. probable C. like D. probably答案：A sb./ sth. is likely to do sth.某人或某物有可能做某事4expert n专家，内行，知识经验丰
10、富的人 He is a famous expert. 他是个著名的专家。拓展：a medicalscientificeconomic expert医学专家科学家经济专家（1）adj专家的，内行的，知识经验丰富的 She is an expert doctor.她是一位经验丰富的医生。(2)expert 常和介词搭配，介词后接名词或动名词。如：She is expert atonin(be good at)teaching small children.她善于教小孩。运用：选择填空He is _ _psychology.A .an expert; from B. an expert; in C
11、.expert; on D. expert; in答案： B an expert in/at/on5.prefer v.更喜欢 I prefer tea.我更喜欢喝茶。拓展：(1) prefer to do sth. /prefer doing sth.更愿意做某事(2) prefer sb. to do sth.更愿意某人做某事(3)prefer that -clause更愿意（从句中用虚拟语气，“主语+should do”，should 可省略）(4)prefer doing to doing 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事(5)prefer to dorather than do/ would
12、rather dothan do/would dorather than do这三组短语用法一致，意思大体相同为“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。I prefer to starve to death rather than beg.I would rather starve to death than beg.I would starve to death rather than beg.我宁愿死也不愿乞讨。运用：选择填空_the vegetables go bad，I prefer _ them at half of the price.ARather than to let; sellingB
13、Rather than let：to sellCNot to letting；to sell DIn order not to let; to selling答案：B prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 6.presure n. 紧张；心理压力；压力，挤压There are a lot of pressures on young people today.如今的年轻人承受着很多压力。拓展：(1) under pressure of 在.的压力下 (2)suffer pressure 承受压力 (3)cause pressure 造
14、成压力 (4)bring.under pressure 压制 (5)put pressure on 给.压力运用：选择填空 I have been pressured _ helping with the decorating. A .into B .to C .on D .of答案：A pressure sb. into doing sth.表示“迫使某人去做某事”。7 stand vi.站立,站着; (身高、温度、得分等)是. (+at)Her legs were so weak that she could hardly stand.她的腿软得几乎站不住了。The thermometer
15、 stood at 70.温度计上是摄氏七十度。拓展：stand vi 处于某种状态 (系动词)He stands high in the public.他在公众中声望很高。stand vt.1)使站立;使站起 He stood the ladder against the wall.他把梯子靠墙放着。2)(常用于否定句或疑问句)忍受,容忍 (+ doing sth./sth.)cant stand (doing ) sth.无法忍受 I cant stand the hot weather.我无法忍受这炎热的天气。I just cant stand the cold.我受不了那么冷。与sta
16、nd 搭配的常见词组有：（1）stand over 监督 （2）stand up for 支持，维护，保卫（3）stand in hot water 处于水深火热之中（4）stand by不关心；不行动，袖手旁观；支持 (5) stand for 代表，象征 (6) stand out 引人注目,突出 (7) stand against 反对运用：选择填空The picture _ his style. A .stand out B. stand for C. stand by D. stands against答案： B stand for 代表，象征；stand out 引人注目,突出；s
17、tand by 袖手旁观，照顾，支持； stand against 反对。8. social adj. 社会的; 社会上的Opinions on various social questions differ from person to person.有关各种社会问题的意见因人而异。拓展： social 还可以表示：上流社会的；社交的,交际的,联谊的；群居的；喜欢交际的George stayed out of the social life of the school.乔治置身于该校社交生活之外。Bees and ants are social insects.蜜蜂和蚂蚁是群居昆虫。soci
18、al n. 联谊会,联欢会CHe was invited to attend a barbecue social last Saturday afternoon.上星期六下午他应邀去参加一个烤肉聚餐会。运用：翻译词语1） social conscience 答案：社会公德2）social context 答案：社会背景，社会圈3）social environment 答案：社会环境4）social rank order答案：社会阶级顺序或社会等级秩序二 重点词组1depend on/upon 取决于；依赖，依靠拓展：(1) depend on/depend upon两者都意为“依靠，依赖”时，
19、常用结构是depend on sb./sth; depend on sb to do sth ; depend on sb./ sth. for sth.The map is a thing to depend on when you are in a strange place.在陌生的地方你就得靠地图。You cant depend on others to help you.你不能指望别人来帮你。All living things depend on the sun for their growth.万物生长靠太阳。意为“相信，信赖”时，常用结构是depend on sth./ sb.
20、/v.-ing; depend on sb. to do sth.Just depend on me. Ill be able to lead you there.放心吧，我会把你带到那儿的。Tom can depend on their arriving here safely.汤姆可以相信他们会安全地到达这儿。(2)意为“视而定，取决于”常常结构是depend on sth., depend on wh-从句。The price depends on the quality.价格得看质量而定。(3)depend on it常用于句首或句末，意为请放心，没问题，It/That(all) de
21、pends 意为“那得看情况而定”两者都用于口语之间。Depend on it, we shall succeed in time.没问题，我们会很成功的。Can I depend on it that this wont take place again?运用： 选择填空(1) -How often do you eat out?-_, but usually once a month.A.As usual B. Generally C. Have no idea D. It depends答案：D It all depends 视情况而定。（2）完成下列句子 1. She _（依靠）her
22、 parents to support. 答案：depends/relies on 2. We_（指望）him to help us out. 答案：depend on /rely on2.more than one answer 不止一个答案More than one student often helps the old man.不止一个学生经常帮助那个老人。拓展：more than one接单数名词作 主语时，谓语用单数。类似的用法还有many a/an +单数名词。运用：选择填空(1)Many _ has been sent out.A. a invitation B. an invi
23、tation C. invitations D .invitation答案：B many a/an+单数名词作 主语，谓语动词用单数。(2). More than one _for the sports meet.A. students have entered B. student has entered C. student have D. students has entered答案：B more than one +单数名词作 主语，谓语动词用单数。3. prevent from doing sth.阻止某人做某事Nobody can prevent the plan from bei
24、ng carried out.没有人能阻止这个计划的执行。拓展：stop （from） doing sth.=keep（from） doing sth. =preventfrom doing sth.被动结构为 be stopped/prevented/kept from doing sth.中介词from不能省略。运用：选择填空 (1)We must stop pollution _our city more beautiful.A. making B. make C. from making D. to make答案：D A和 C 一样。此处不定式作目的状语。 (2) Some steps
25、 have been taken to _the big factory _the river nearby.A. make; pollute B. keep; polluting C. prevent; to pollute D. stop; polluting答案：D keep后的from不能省。三.重要句型find+宾语+宾语补足语拓展： find后可接名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，现在分词，过去分词作宾补。现在分词和过去分词都可以起形容词的作用，但现在分词表示事物的特征，性质；过去分词表示人的状态。I found him cleverinin the roomplaying computer gamesbitten by a dogfind 后也能接宾语从句，且从句中的that可以省略。上句可以改为：I found (that) he was cleverinin the roomplaying computer gamesbitten by a dog运用：选择填空I find the book _.AinterestingBis interesting Cto interestDis interested 答案：A 形容词作宾补。find后面的宾补没有 (to) do的形式。
