1、Section Lesson 2 & Lesson 3PIONEERS OF SCIENCEIf you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you would have a real dilemma on your hands.In just 100 years, the world changed completely. Amazing discoveries were madein medicine, communications and transport, not to ment
2、ion our knowledge of the world and space. Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to surgical procedures replacing diseased organs with donated ones. Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones and the way we correspond went from writing le
3、tters to emailing.We started flying around the world and meanwhile , scientists figured out how to splitthe atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery， it is possible to single out a few pioneers of
4、the 20th century. Here are five of them.dilemma dlem n困境，进退两难的窘境make a discovery 发现not to mention更不用说range from.to.范围从到microscope makrskp n显微镜procedure prsid n步骤；程序organ n n器官donate dnet vt.捐赠，此处是过去分词表被动，作前置定语。correspond krspnd vi.通信；符合correspond with sb.与某人通信the way后接定语从句we correspond。意为：我们通信的方式。me
5、anwhile minwal adv.同时figure out弄清楚split splt vi.分开，分离此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰atom。although引导让步状语从句；it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to choose.。科学发现的先驱者如果你必须选择20世纪最重要的一个发现，你将会面对一个真正的难题。仅仅100年，世界就完全变了。医学、通讯和交通运输方面都有了惊人的发现，更不用说我们对世界和空间的了解了。医学的进步包括从在显微镜下发现疾病的起因到用捐赠器官替代病变器官的外科手术程序。通讯随着移动电话的引入而改变，我们通信的方式也从写信变成发电子邮件。我们开始在世界各地飞行，
6、同时，科学家们发现了怎样分离原子，而原子以前被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。虽然不可能选择最重要的发现，但是挑选出20世纪的几个先驱者是可能的。以下是他们中的五位。 One of the 20th centurys premierscientists was Albert Einstein. In the summer of 1905, this outspoken young man was rocking his oneyearold baby when he was suddenly inspired.“Emc2” was born.Emc2 showed how a small piec
7、e of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy. Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time, mass or length are constantthey change according to our experience of them.Einstein had already become worldfamous when a young exlawyer, returning from the First World Wa
8、r， started work in California. Using the most highpowered telescope of the time, he began the long, slow process of exploring our galaxy. Edwin Hubble was about tomake astronomys greatest breakthrough of the century. He discovered small areas of mistwhich were in fact galaxies like our own，millions
9、of light years away from us，which proved that the universe was vastly larger than had previously been thought.premier prem adj.最重要的outspoken atspkn adj.直言的，坦率的此处是was doing.when.句型，意为：正在做这时according to 根据returning from the First World War在此处作后置定语。telescope telskp n望远镜Using the most.是现在分词作方式状语。galaxy
10、lksi n星系be about to do.即将做mist mst n薄雾which引导定语从句，修饰small areas of mist。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代上文的整件事情。20世纪最重要的科学家之一是阿尔伯特爱因斯坦。1905年的夏天，这个直率的年轻人正在摇着他一岁大的孩子，突然灵感就产生了。“Emc2”诞生了。“Emc2”显示出来质量很小的物质怎样能产生出令人难以置信的巨大能量。之后爱因斯坦又在他的相对论中表明，甚至连时间、质量和长度也不是持久不变的根据我们对它们的了解，它们也会有所改变。就在爱因斯坦的名字响彻全世界时，从第一次世界大战的战场回来的一个年轻律师，开始了
11、他在加利福尼亚的工作。用一台在当时倍数最高的望远镜，他开始了漫长的对我们的星系的探索。埃德温哈勃即将实现本世纪最大的突破。他发现小的雾区实际上是像我们自己的星系一样的星系，离我们有几百万光年之远。这个发现证明了宇宙比我们以前想象的要大得多。 In 1929, another farreaching finding was made by the son of a Scottish shepherd. Before he went on holiday, biologist Alexander Fleming left a dish with bacteria in it in his labo
12、ratory. When he came back, he noticed something strange. He doublechecked and saw a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed.This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin, which Fleming realised could be used to kill bacteria.A few years later, penicillin was
13、being massproduced.and helping to save the lives of millions. Fleming remained modest about the amazing outcome of his discovery.“Nature made penicillin，” he said, “I just found it.”During the Second World War, when Flemings discovery was first helping to cure people，the US Navy was looking for ways
14、 of improving the accuracy of their missiles.The navy turned to Eckert, an engineer, and Mauchly, a physicist, to wrestle with the problem and produce a machine to do the job. Although they only finished after the war in 1946, it did not matter. This huge machine was the worlds first computer, but i
15、t was nothing like our computers today.It measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30 tonnes. With 18，000 tubes, thousands of circuits and 6，000 switches, it used so much energy that when it was turned on, the lights in the local town went out！farreaching adj.影响深远的；广泛的doublecheck
16、 v再检查mould mld n霉；霉菌此处是“aroundwhich”引导定语从句。penicillin pensln n青霉素，盘尼西林which引导定语从句，修饰penicillin。massproduce vt.大量生产outcome atkm n后果，结果cure kj vt.治愈；cure sb. of.治愈某人when在此引导定语从句，修饰the Second World War。navy nevi n海军turn to.向求助wrestle resl vi.努力解决；摔跤；搏斗circuitskt n电路go out 熄灭1929年，又一个意义深远的发现诞生了，发现者是一个苏格
17、兰牧羊人的儿子。去度假之前，生物学家亚历山大弗莱明把一个带有细菌的盒子放在实验室里。回来时，他注意到不同寻常的东西。他再检查了一下，发现盘子里有青色的霉斑，其周围的细菌都被消灭了。实际上这些青色的霉斑正是青霉素的自然形态，弗莱明意识到青霉素可能被用来杀死细菌。若干年后，青霉素被大规模生产，帮助挽救了数百万人的生命。他的发现具有令人难以置信的成效，但是弗莱明对此很谦虚。“大自然创造了青霉素，”他说，“我只是发现了它。”第二次世界大战期间，当弗莱明的发现第一次被用于帮助治疗人类(疾病)时，美国海军正致力于寻找提高导弹命中率的方法。海军方面向工程师埃克特和物理学家莫克利寻求帮助，请他们解决这一难题并
18、制造一台能完成该工作的机器。虽然他们直到战后的1946年才研制出这台机器，但这无关紧要。这台巨大的机器是世界上第一台计算机，但是它一点儿也不像我们今天的计算机。它长100英尺，高10多英尺，重30多吨。内含18 000个电子管，几千块电路板和6 000个开关。它消耗的能量特别多，以至于一开机当时镇上的灯都会熄灭！ These pioneers of the 20th century were all dedicated to improving the quality of human life on earth, but sometimes breakthrough discoveries
19、that have affected our lives todayhappened by mistake！For example, we are all grateful forthe handy microwave oven that allows us to prepare meals in minutes and we have Percy Spencer to thank. This inventor, with 120 patents to his name, discovered microwaves when he was experimenting with radars a
20、nd noticed a chocolate melting in his pocket.There is no doubtabout it. Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology, whether lucky or planned, the world as we know it today would have beena completely different place.be dedicated to.致力于that引导定语从句，修饰discoveries。by mistake 由于
21、错误be grateful for.因为而感激microwave makrwev n微波炉that引导定语从句，修饰microwave oven。experiment with.做的实验notice.doing sth.注意到正在做某事There is no doubt.毫无疑问此处是省略句，完整句为：whether it was lucky or it was planned。as引导方式状语从句，意为：正如我们今天知道的。would have been是虚拟语气，前面由 without引出虚拟条件句。从句为过去式，主语用would have done.这些20世纪的先驱者们都致力于提高地球
22、上人类生活的质量，但是，有时候，影响我们今天生活的突破性发现却是由于错误而发生！例如，我们都很感激方便的微波炉使我们能够在几分钟之内准备好饭菜，对此我们要感谢珀西斯宾塞。这个名下拥有120个专利权的发明家在用雷达做实验时注意到自己口袋里的一块巧克力在融化，从而发现了微波炉。这一点是毫无疑问的，如果没有这些科技先驱者们的突破，不管是由于幸运还是有所计划，我们今天所熟悉的这个世界将会是个完全不同的世界。 Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.1Which of the following statements is TRUE acco
23、rding to the text?AGreat discoveries were made only in medicine and communications in the last 100 years.BPeople cant replace diseased organs with donated ones now.CThe atom cant be split because it is the smallest particle of matter in the universe.DIt is difficult to choose the most important disc
24、overy of the 20th century.2This text mainly tells us _Asome pioneers of scienceBan introduction to Albert EinsteinCan introduction to Alexander FlemingDthe worlds first computer3We can learn about the first computer that _Ait was Eckert who invented the first computerBit was finished in 1946Cit was
25、very large but used little energyDit was invented to improve communication condition答案：13.DAB1autonomous adj.自主的；自治的2rescue vt. 拯救， 救援3dilemma n. 困境， 进退两难的窘境4correspond vi. 通信；符合5meanwhile adv. 同时6outspoken adj. 直言的， 坦率的7outcome n. 后果， 结果8cure vt. 治愈9wrestle vi. 努力解决；摔跤；搏斗10present vt.主持(电视或广播节目)；呈现
26、presentation n呈现；颁发11disconnect v使不连接；切断connect vt.连接12original adj.起初的；最早的 origin n起源13donate vt.捐赠；赠送donation n捐赠1in_advance 预先2give_away 泄露(秘密)3take_over 接收， 接管4get_across 使被理解5come_out 出来；出版6vary_from.to. 从到范围变动7figure_out 计算出；理解8turn_to 求助于；转向1even though即使， 引导让步状语从句The woman enjoyed the film,
27、even_though(即使) it was shown a long time ago.2现在分词短语作结果状语I was so angry that I walked out, leaving_him(留下他)sitting there shocked and whitefaced.3if引导的虚拟语气If you had_to_choose_(不得不选择) the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you would have a real dilemma on your hands.4was/were doing.
28、when.句型In the summer of 1905, this outspoken young man was_rocking_his_oneyearold_baby_when(正在摇着他一岁的孩子这时) he was suddenly inspired.5“介词which”引导定语从句 He doublechecked and saw a blue mould in the dish around_which(其周围) the bacteria had been destroyed. presentvt.主持(电视或广播节目)；授予；呈现n礼物adj.现在的， 目前的；出席的， 到场的
29、(教材P133)She presents the news twentyfour hours a day on A.她在A上全天24小时主持广播新闻。一词多义写出下列句中present的含义(1)His grandmother brings him some presents every time she comes to see him.礼物(2)He presented the meeting in the absence of the manager.主持(3)Finally the mayor presented the medals to the winners.授予(4) His
30、blackandwhite pictures present a world almost lost in time.呈现(5)The present situation cannot be allowed to continue.现在的(6)The people present at the meeting were very active.在场的 (1)present sb.with sth.present sth.to sb.呈现给某人某物，赠予某人某物(2)be present at 出席(3)at present 目前， 现在 At present, the girl present
31、 at the meeting is considering asking her father for the book that has just been presented to him as a birthday present. in advance预先；提前(教材P22)What Im trying to say is that we sent the questions to her programmers in advance.我想说的是我们提前把问题发送给了她的程序员。We require the students full flight details at least
32、4 weeks in advance. 我们要求学生的所有航班细节信息至少提前四周上交。 (1)advance n前进， 进展in advance of 在前， 超过on the advance 在上涨with the advance of 随着的增加(2)advance v. 前进；预付；增长；推进advance on/towards/upon 朝前进(3)advanced adj. 先进的；高级的 基础练习单句语法填空(1)His ideas were in advance of his times, and only a few people could understand him.(
33、2)China is advancing on/towards/upon the developed country.(3)Thanks to the_advanced(advance) technology, we are leading an easier life.能力提升句型转换(4)I should warn you ahead of time that we may be delayed.I should warn you in_advance that we may be delayed.(5)They had moved forward 20 miles by nightfal
34、l.They had advanced 20 miles by nightfall. get across使被理解，把讲清楚；通过(教材P23)We must get across the simple fact that drugs are dangerous.我们必须明白一个简单的事实毒品是危险的。What message are you trying to get across to the consumers?你要向消费者传达什么样的信息？get down to (doing) sth.开始(做)某事get in 收集；收割get into 陷入；投入get over 解决；克服；控制
35、；从(疾病、 失败、 震惊中)恢复过来get through 穿过， 通过；用完；接通(电话) 巧学活用单句语法填空(1)After lunch we got down to discussing(discuss) the problem.(2)The boy got_into_the bad habit about two years ago.(3)I had been dialing the number, but I couldnt get_through give away泄露(秘密)；赠送；出卖；放弃(机会等)(教材P23)It is reported that the millio
36、naire has decided to give away all his money to charities.据报道这位百万富翁已经决定将他所有的钱都捐给慈善机构。They felt like they were giving away company secrets.他们觉得自己正在泄露公司的机密。give back(归)还；使返回；恢复give in 屈服；让步give off 发出(气味、热、光等)give out 分发；发出(热、光等)； 公布；耗尽；精疲力尽give up 放弃 巧学活用完成句子(1)一旦接受了一个想法， 他们就永远不会放弃。 Once they get an
37、idea into their heads, they never give_up(2)那个冠军没有认输， 而是继续拿下了那一局。 The champion refused to give_in_and went on to win the set.(3)关于事故的细节在九点钟的新闻中播报了。Details of the accident were given_out on the nine oclock news.give away come out出来，长出；显露，公开；(消息)传出； 出版；开花，发芽(教材P23)It came out that some government offi
38、cials received money from the company.一些政府官员收受该公司的钱款的事情暴露了出来。一词多义写出下列句中come out的含义(1)The gardener went into his garden to see if the flowers had come out.(花)开放(2)It was several weeks before the truth of the matter came out.显露；泄露(3)The news came out that Bob came out first in the contest.(消息)传出(4)The
39、 sun came out from behind the clouds late in the afternoon.(太阳等)出来；出现come about发生come across 偶遇；碰到；被理解come to 共计，达到；苏醒过来，恢复come up 走近；升起；长出；被提出come up with 赶上；提出 巧学活用完成句子会上一定会讨论这个问题。The question is bound to come_up at the e out作“出版”讲时，为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态；而publish“出版”为及物动词，可用于被动语态。 (教材P23)His only reas
40、on for investing in the company was to take it over.他向该公司投资的唯一原因就是接管它。After his father retired, Tom took over the family business.他的父亲退休以后， 汤姆接管了家族生意。 take on承担(工作、 责任等)；雇用(工人)；接纳(学生)；呈现出take up 拿起；占用；接受(建议或挑战)；开始工作take in 吸收；留(某人)寄宿；看到， 注意到；完全明白；欺骗(某人)take apart 彻底搜查；拆开；严惩take down 放下；取下；拆掉；把记录下来ta
41、ke off 脱下；起飞；事业腾飞 巧学活用完成句子(1)他被分配到我们的总店去接管新的销售部门。 He was sent to our central office to take_over the new sales department.(2)课外活动太多， 占用了我们很多宝贵的学习时间。 Too many afterclass activities take_up_too much of our precious time for study.(3)学生们发现老师所教的东西很容易理解。 The students found it easy to take_in_what their t
42、eacher had taught. rescuevt.拯救；救援n营救，求援(教材P134)Dave also goes outside the ship to rescue Frank, and HAL refuses to let him back in.戴夫也去飞船外营救弗兰克，哈尔拒绝让他回来。Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.现在，电击训练和医学治疗正在帮助拯救这些大鸟。 (1)rescue.from.把从救出(2)come/go to o
43、nes rescue 对某人进行救援(3)rescuer n. 救援人员 巧学活用单句语法填空(1)When memory fails, he has his notes to come to his rescue.(2)To save the villagers, some of the rescuers(rescue) were injured. donatevt.捐赠；赠送(经典例句)Luckily, many people and organizations donate a lot of money to help them receive college education smo
44、othly. 幸运的是，许多人和组织捐了一大笔钱帮助他们顺利地接受大学教育。It is reported that Bill Gates donates a large amount of money to charity every year.据报道比尔盖茨每年捐一大笔钱给慈善机构。The businessman made a donation of a lot of money to my school.那个商人给我校捐了很多钱。 (1)donate.to.把捐赠给(2)donation n. 捐献； 捐赠； 捐款；捐赠物make a donation to. 向捐赠(3)donator
45、n. 捐赠者 巧学活用句式升级这位老人为学校捐赠了很多钱，让学生们重返教室。(1)普通表达The old man donated_a_lot_of_money_to the school.It enables the students to return to their classroom.(2)高级表达The_old_man_donated_a_lot_of_money_to_the_school，enabling_the_students_to_return_to_their_classroom.(分词作状语) correspondvi.通信；相当；相称；相等；一致；符合(教材P24)C
46、ommunications changed with the introduction of mobile phones and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing.通讯随着移动电话的引入而改变，我们通信的方式也从写信变成发电子邮件。If their statements correspond, we will have no trouble.如果他们的话一致， 我们就不会有麻烦。 (1)correspond with sb.和某人通信correspond to/with sth. 与某事物相一致corresp
47、ond to sth. 与相当/相称/相等(2)correspondence n. 通信；联系 巧学活用单句语法填空(1)Her actions do not correspond_with her words.(2)He corresponded_with leading European scholars.(3)We have been in correspondence(correspond) with each other for many years.(4)His expense doesnt correspond to his income. curevt.治愈；矫正，改正n治疗；
48、疗法；纠正(教材P25)During the Second World War，when Flemings discovery was first helping to cure people，the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles.第二次世界大战期间，当弗莱明的发现第一次被用于帮助治疗人类(疾病)时，美国海军正致力于寻找提高导弹命中率的方法。The doctors managed to cure the little girl who was injured in the fir
49、e.医生们设法治好了在火灾中受伤的小女孩。 A cure for poverty is badly needed now.现在急需解决贫困问题的方法。 (1)cure sb.of.治愈某人的(2)a cure for 的治疗方法 巧学活用单句改错(1)When I arrived there, the doctors were treating her of her injury.offor(2)Could you tell me how I can cure my little son for his bad habit？forofcure意为“治愈， 治好”， 可直接跟人或疾病作宾语， 有
50、时用来指突然地、 出乎意料地痊愈；也用于引申指人的生活习惯的纠正、 矫正等， 与介词of搭配， 强调结果 treat普通用语， 指医疗、 治疗， 常跟人作宾语， 与for搭配， 强调动作The doctors who treated her for the cancer held a meeting to discuss how to cure her of the disease. turn to求助于；转向；翻到；查阅；变成(教材P25)The navy turned to Eckert，an engineer，and Mauchly，a physicist, to wrestle wit
51、h the problem and produce a machine to do the job.海军方面向工程师埃克特和物理学家莫克利寻求帮助，请他们解决这一难题并制造一台能完成该工作的机器。When you get into trouble, you can turn to him for help.当你陷入困境时， 可以向他求助。 She turned to teaching at a technical school and later moved into the library.她转到一所技术学校教学， 后来到了图书馆。 turn against背叛turn back 折回tur
52、n down 调低(音量等)；拒绝turn off 关上(开关)turn on 打开(开关)turn out 证明是，结果是；关掉(电灯、 煤气等)；生产turn up 调大(音量等)；出现， 来到turn in 交上， 归还 巧学活用完成句子(1)退伍时必须上交你的制服。 You must turn_in your uniform before you leave the army.(2)结果表明我一直是正确的。It turns_out_that I was right all along.(3)我们约定七点半在电影院门口见面， 但是他没来。We arranged to meet at th
53、e cinema at 7：30, but he failed to turn_up (教材P23) I was so angry that I walked out, leaving him sitting there shocked and whitefaced.我气得出去了， 留他一个人坐在那里， 一脸惊愕， 面色苍白。 (1)句中的leaving him sitting there.是现在分词短语作结果状语。 现在分词(短语)作结果状语常表示意料、 情理之中的结果， 而不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。(2)句中shocked and whitefaced是形容词短语作伴随状语，
54、表示主语的状态。 形容词(短语)作状语， 还可以表示原因、 时间、 地点、 条件和让步等。 The glass fell off the table, breaking into pieces.杯子从桌子上掉下来， 摔成了碎片。 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.大雨滂沱， 造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。 He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident.他迅速切断了电源， 防止了一起意外事故。 基础练习单句语法填空(1)Satisfied (sat
55、isfy) with the boy, the boss patted him on the shoulder.(2)He arrived home three days later, hungry and_tired(tire)能力提升完成句子(3)汤姆到达车站， 却发现火车已经开走了。 Tom got to the station only_to_find the train had gone.(4)好一会儿， 她站在那里， 一句话也说不出来。 For a moment she stood there, unable_to_say a word.(5)玛丽， 很高兴接受这个建议， 所以就点
56、头同意了。Mary, glad_to_accept the suggestion, nodded her agreement. (教材P24)If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you would have a real dilemma on your hands.如果你必须选择20世纪最重要的一个发现，你将会面对一个真正的难题。这是一个虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的假设，if从句用have的过去式，主句用would动词原形形式。(1)在虚拟条件句中，主句和从句之间有时态对
57、应关系。对何情况虚拟条件句主句现在动词的过去式(be用were)would/could/might/should动词原形过去过去完成时would/could/might/shouldhave done将来should动词原形； 动词的过去式(be用were); were to动词原形would/could/might动词原形(2)有时虚拟条件句不用if从句而用without，but for，but等介词或介词短语来替代，这样的虚拟条件句叫作含蓄条件句。If I had got to the station 5 minutes earlier, I would have caught the t
58、rain.如果我早到达车站5分钟， 我就赶上那列火车了。 (与过去事实相反)If I knew the answer, I would tell you.如果我知道答案就告诉你了。 (与现在事实相反)巧学活用完成句子(1)没有你的帮助， 我就不会通过考试。 Without your help, I wouldnt_have_passed_the_exam(2)我本想帮助你的， 但当时我太忙了。 I would_have_helped you, but I was too busy then. (教材P24)In the summer of 1905，this outspoken young m
59、an was rocking his oneyearold baby when he was suddenly inspired.1905年的夏天，这个直率的年轻人正在摇着他一岁大的孩子，突然灵感就产生了。when是并列连词， 连接两个并列分句， 相当于and then或and just at that time。be doing sth.when.正在做某事这时be about to do.when. 正要这时(突然)be on the point of doing.when. 正要这时(突然)had (just) done.when. 刚刚做完这时(突然) The boy was play
60、ing football when his mobile phone rang.男孩正在踢足球，这时他的手机响了。巧学活用单句语法填空(1)We were about to leave when a big noise came from the next room.(2)He had just made up his mind when George came and told him something new. 品句填词1Jim went to answer the phone._(同时), his wife started to prepare lunch.答案：Meanwhile2A
61、 _(困境) is a difficult situation in which you have to choose between two or more alternatives.答案：dilemma3Marlin is getting along very well with his _(同事)答案：colleagues4There are four emergency _(出口) in the department store.答案：exits5A major airsea _(营救) is under way.答案：rescue6I think you should go back
62、 to your _(最早的) plan.答案：original7The company has decided it must _(呈现) a more modern image.答案：present8Searching hand luggage at airports is now standard _(程序)答案：procedure9Public interest centres on the _(结果) of next weeks byelection.答案：outcome10Germs are very small，and can only be seen with the aid
63、of _(显微镜)答案：microscope 单句改错1It is said that her new album will be come out next month._答案：去掉be2How many people were present from the meeting last week？_答案：fromat3I would have gone to see her if I had enough time._答案：had前加had4They were chatting happily on the Internet while the power was cut off._答案：
64、whilewhen5The young man rushed out, left his girlfriend crying there._答案：leftleaving 完成句子1我们刚要出发， 这时天开始下雨了。 We were about to start _答案：when it began to rain2我们刚刚入睡， 突然铃声响了起来。 We _ when the bell rang.答案：had just fallen asleep3我正在做作业， 灯突然灭了。 I _ my homework _ the light went out.答案：was doing；when4这个人在车
65、祸中丧生， 撇下了妻子和儿子。 The man was killed in a traffic accident, _答案：leaving his wife and his son5我如果看过这场电影， 我就把电影内容告诉你了。 If I had seen the film, I _ you about it.答案：would have told 课文语篇改错One of the 20th centurys premier scientist was Albert Einstein. In summer of 1905, he was rocking his oneyearold baby w
66、hen he was suddenly inspired. So “Emc2” was born. Then he showed in his “theory of relativity” what not even time, mass or length are constant.Edwin Hubble, that returned from the First World War, started work in California. Later he proved that the universe was vastly large than had previously been
67、 thought.In 1929 Alexander Fleming discover the natural form of penicillin, which was massproduced and helped to save the lives of millions. An engineer name Mauchly invented the worlds first computer. However, it used such much energy that when it was turned on, the lights in the local town was wen
68、t out. It was by mistake which Pervy Spencer discovered microwave, which improved the quality of human life on earth.答案：One of the 20th centurys premier was Albert Einstein. In summer of 1905, he was rocking his oneyearold baby when he was suddenly inspired. So “Emc2” was born. Then he showed in his
69、 “theory of relativity” not even time, mass or length are constant.Edwin Hubble, returned from the First World War, started work in California. Later he proved that the universe was vastly than had previously been thought.In 1929 Alexander Fleming the natural form of penicillin, which was massproduc
70、ed and helped to save the lives of millions. An engineer Mauchly invented the worlds first computer. However, it used much energy that when it was turned on, the lights in the local town went out. It was by mistake Pervy Spencer discovered microwave, which improved the quality of human life on earth
71、.A卷 单句语法填空1I _(watch) TV when I heard a knock on the door.答案：was watching2If he _(come) here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.答案：had come3It _(report) that there was a collision between two trains this morning.答案：was reported4They presented him _ a bunch of flowers.答案：with5She made a _(d
72、onate) of $5，000 to the Childrens Hospital.答案：donation6The copy does not correspond _ the original.答案：with7In _ meanwhile Ill visit an old friend of mine.答案：the8Can you help to cure her son _ his bad habits?答案：of9Last year he was chosen to attend a conference of _(advance) workers.答案：advanced10When
73、she fell ill her daughter took _ the business from her.答案：over 阅读理解AEvery ocean lover knows the dangers of getting caught in a rip current(离岸流). Experienced swimmers know it is relatively easy to escape the narrow channel of the fast moving water by floating and allowing it to drag you further into
74、the ocean or by swimming alongside the shore. However, inexperienced beachgoers often panic, and try to swim to land, placing themselves at risk of drowning due to tiredness. According to the US. National Ocean Service, the currents kill about 100 Americans each year and account for 80% of all lifeg
75、uard rescues. These scary statistics may soon be a thing of the past, thanks to Clever Girl, a smart buoy(浮标) that warns swimmers of the presence of deadly rip currents.The smart device is the brainchild of Australian teenager Maddison King, who created Clever Girl as a project for her Grade 12 Desi
76、gn and Technology class. The 18yearold, who works as a lifeguard during her spare time, came up with the brilliant idea after discovering that most children were unable to detect rip currents.The basketballsized plastic buoy, which can be attached to a chain of similar devices or the ocean floor, is
77、 fitted with a small propeller(螺旋桨). When the water travels at the speed of over 70 centimeters per second, it spins the propeller fast enough to power the light atop the buoy, warning swimmers to stay clear of the area.Though it sounds simple enough, the youngster had to overcome numerous design ch
78、allenges. For instance, she picked a red light since it is easy to see in the bright sunlight and also because the color serves as a universal warning sign for tourists that do not speak the local language. The devices smooth surface and high handles ensure swimmers do not get hurt, while the black,
79、 white, and red striped underside, keeps sharks and other animals at bay.Future versions might include something like a warning siren, which would provide sound warnings of rip currents. Besides, the present model costs about D|S 300 to make. “Thats beyond my purse，” she laughs, “the cost has to be
80、cut down.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。在海洋游泳时，一些无经验的游泳者遇到高速离岸流时常常感到恐惧，并试图游向陆地，最终因疲劳而溺水身亡。受到做临时救生员的工作经历的启发，Maddison King发明了一种装置，能在离岸流达到一定速度时发出预警，从而避免人们误入高速洋流。1Which of the following is the right way to escape the rip current?AWaiting for rescues.BSwimming to the shore.CMoving fast in the water.DFloating with the w
81、ater.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Experienced swimmers.the shore.”可知，有经验的游泳者知道，通过在快速流动的水中漂浮，让流水带着身体流入海洋或沿着海岸游泳是逃离离岸流的有效方式，故D项正确。2Why did Maddison decide to invent Clever Girl?AShe wanted to challenge her creativity.BShe was motivated by her working experience.CShe was supposed to complete it for her class.DSh
82、e was scared by the statistics of the government.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，18岁的Maddison King在业余时间做了一位救生员，她发现大多数孩子都无法察觉到离岸流，于是想出了这个绝妙的主意。据此可知，她的发明受到自己做救生员的工作经历的启发，故B项正确。3What do we know about the present version of Clever Girl?AIts not available on the market.BIts quite attractive for sea animals.CIts bas
83、ed on a complex theory.DIt can give warnings in different ways.A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，每年大约有100个美国人死于离岸流，但这些可怕的统计数据可能很快成为过去，这多亏了警告浮标装置Clever Girl。结合最后一段可知，这种装置的成本很高，且未形成成品；据此可以判断，其目前版本还没有投放市场，故A项正确。4What could the future version of Clever Girl be like?ASafer and greener.BCheaper and safer.CGreener and mor
84、e effective.DCheaper and more effective.D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“Besides，.cut down.”可知，这种产品目前的版本成本大约是300美元，在将来成本可能下降；根据最后一段第一句可知，未来版本可能会装有警笛一类的东西以警告人们；据此可以判断，未来版本价格将降低，效果将更佳，故D项正确。BYoull probably never go to Mars or sing on the stage with the Rolling Stones. But if virtual reality (VR) ever lives up to
85、its promise, you might be able to do all these thingsand many morewithout even leaving your home. Unlike real reality, virtual reality means simulating(模仿)bits of our world. Apart from games and entertainment, its long been used for training airline pilots and surgeons and for helping scientists to
86、figure out complex problems such as the structure of protein molecules(分子). Then how does it work?Close your eyes and think of virtual reality and you probably picture something like this：a man wearing a wraparound headset and data gloves wired into a powerful workstation or supercomputer. What dist
87、inguishes VR from an ordinary computer experience is the nature of the input and output. Where an ordinary computer uses things like a keyboard, a mouse, or speech recognition for input, VR uses sensors that detect how your body is moving. And where a PC displays output on a screen, VR uses two scre
88、ens (one for each eye), surroundsound speakers, and maybe some forms of touch and body feedback as well.VR has been routinely used by scientists, doctors, dentists, engineers, architects, archaeologists, and the military for about the last 30 years. Difficult and dangerous jobs are hard to train for
89、. How can you safely practice taking a trip to space, making a parachute jump, or carrying out brain surgery? All these things are obvious candidates for virtual reality applications.Like any technology, virtual reality has both good and bad points. Critics always raise the risk that people may be a
90、ddicted to alternative reality to the point of ignoring their realworld livesbut that criticism has been leveled on everything from radio and TV to computer games and the Internet. Like many technologies, VR takes little or nothing away from the real world: you dont have to use it if you dont want t
91、o.【解题导语】文章向我们介绍了什么是虚拟现实，以及虚拟现实在我们现实生活中的广泛应用，最后介绍了作者对虚拟现实的看法和态度。5What equipment do we probably need for virtual reality?AA keyboard, a headset and a supercomputer.BA headset, data gloves and speech recognition.CA headset, data gloves and a supercomputer.DA keyboard, a mouse and speech recognition.C解析
92、：细节理解题。由第二段中的“a man wearing a wraparound headset and data gloves wired into a powerful workstation or supercomputer”可知，虚拟现实需要的装备有连接着工作站或超级电脑的贴面式耳机和数据手套。故选C项。6Paragraph 3 is mainly about_Athe principles of virtual realityBthe applications of virtual realityCthe history of virtual realityDthe influenc
93、es of virtual realityB解析：段落大意题。由该段的主题句“VR has been routinely used by scientists, doctors.military for about the last 30 years.”及最后一句“All these things are obvious candidates for virtual reality applications.”可知，该段讲述的是虚拟现实的应用。7According to the passage, virtual reality means_Aimagining beautiful things
94、 in our mindBcreating something that doesnt existCexperiencing things that dont really existDcloning something that has died outC解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Youll probably never go to Mars or sing.without even leaving your home.”可知，利用虚拟现实，你可以不出家门就体验登陆火星、与滚石乐队同台演唱，即所谓的虚拟现实就是体验不存在的、模仿现实世界的东西。8What is the writers
95、 attitude towards VR?AAppreciative.BCautious.CSkeptical. DIndifferent.A解析：观点态度题。文章先介绍了什么是虚拟现实，然后向我们介绍虚拟现实的广泛应用，客观地介绍了虚拟现实的利弊，最后对批评的声音进行了驳斥，阐明了作者自己的观点“VR takes little or nothing away from the real world: you dont have to use it if you dont want to”。由此可见，作者对VR持赞赏态度。故选A。 七选五One of my earliest memories
96、was watching my mom talk on our old phone.I was fascinated that she could talk to someone who wasnt actually in the room with her.1._ I was wondering how she managed to talk with someone she couldnt see.2_Later，we had mobile phones that could be carried around the room.Then came computers and smart
97、phones.These days I can send an email around the world in a second.My daughters smart phone has a hundred apps and a dozen social media accounts.She stores all of her information in a mysterious place known as“the cloud”，where she can take it out at any time.It seems that we are more connected in th
98、is world than ever before.3_Few take the time to talk face to face.Instead of looking into the eyes of our loved ones，we stare at our screens.It seems as if the most connected generations are also the loneliest.Dont let technology take our time and ruin our life.Make the time to meet，to pray and to
99、communicate with each other.Take a walk on the beach with a friend.Have a long conversation with the phones off and the hearts on.4._Remember that we are here to love each other，help each other and make this world a better place.5._But when it cant，turn it off.AThat was a long time ago.BConnect offl
100、ine as well as online.CSmart phones have both advantages and disadvantages.DWe should communicate with each other with phones off.EWhen your technology can help to do these things，then use it.FHowever，what bothers me is that we rarely associate with each other nowadays.GWhen she left the room，I slow
101、ly walked over to the phone and stared at it for a while.【解题导语】本文作者描述了家中通信工具的变化，指出人们现在很少互相见面交流，并建议人们合理利用科技，创造更美好的生活。1G解析：根据空处前一句可知，作者对于妈妈能够和一个与她不在同一个房间的人说话感到很好奇，这吸引了作者。故G项“当她离开房间的时候，我慢慢地走到电话那儿并盯着看了一会儿”符合文意，故选G项。2A解析：根据空后的“Later，we had mobile phones.Then came computers and smart phones.These days I c
102、an send an email”可知，作者阐述了随着时间的变化，家中的通信工具也发生了改变。故A项“那是很久之前的事儿了”符合文意，故选A项。3F解析：根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为段落主题句。根据下文可知，本段主要讲述现在我们很少面对面交流了。故F项“然而，令我感到担心的是，我们现在很少互相交流了”能很好地概括段意，故选F项。4B解析：根据上文可知，作者认为不能让科技占据我们太多的时间，摧毁我们的生活，我们应该花时间互相见面交流。故B项“既要在网上联系也要在网络之外联系”符合文意，故选B项。5E解析：空处前一句提到我们来到这个世界是为了相互关爱，相互帮助，使世界变得更美好；后一句提到当科技
103、不能(帮助你)做到这些时，就关掉它。所以空处应表示当科技能够帮助你做到这些时就使用它，故E项符合文意。B卷 阅读理解I look around and cant recognize where I am.It seems familiar but distant.I see my friends gather by a stage where music is playing and I run over.As I begin running towards them，they become further and further away.I keep calling them，but no
104、 one hears me.I start hearing a distant alarmlike sound and I am transported away.I woke up in a daze(茫然) sitting in my bed.“Oh，it was only a dream，” I said to myself. I have always had vivid and intense dreams.Sometimes，it feels like I havent even slept because I have been living in my dreams durin
105、g my sleep.Today，dreaming is being studied even more than ever.Some say that dreams are how your receptors(感受器)make sense of random thoughts while you sleep.Some say that you cant dream of a face you have never seen before，so everyone you see in your dreams is whom you have at least laid eyes on at
106、one time or another.Other people think dreams are ways of expressing stress or internal feelings you may be experiencing.A lot of people say that they have dreams about being chased(追逐)A common interpretation of the “being chased” dream is that you are feeling threatened.Some dream interpretation si
107、tes say you should try to reflect on what or who is chasing you to get a better idea of what is making you feel this way.Another dream that is often experienced is flying.This dream has a much more positive interpretation，which is that you are feeling free or have broken out of a bad situation such
108、as a relationship turning sour or a job you hate.Unfortunately，you may forget half of your dream within five minutes of waking up and within 10 minutes，you usually forget 90 percent of it.Dreamologists，people who devote time to the study and interpretation of dreams，suggest if you want to try to rem
109、ember and study your dreams you should keep a diary beside your bed and write down what you dreamt as soon as you wake up so you can reflect on it later.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，作者通过讲述自己做的梦来引出话题，分析了梦所代表的意义。1Dreams of “being chased” occur because_Ayou are feeling threatenedByou just quit a job you hateCyour fr
110、iends are far away from you when you are in needDyour receptors are always thinking while you sleepA解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“A common interpretation of the being chased dream is that you are feeling threatened.”可知，对于梦中“被追逐”的常见解读是你正感觉受到威胁。故选A项。2Why should we keep a diary beside our bed to reflect on dreams?A
111、We need to chase those people who appeared in our dreams.BWe usually forget 90 percent of a dream within 10 minutes.CIt can help us get out of the intense dreams.DIt can help us sleep well without dreams.B解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“you may forget half of your dream within five minutes of waking up and withi
112、n 10 minutes，you usually forget 90 percent of it”可知，人可能会在醒来后5分钟内忘掉一半的梦，10分钟内，往往已经忘掉了90%。因此我们可以在床边放一本日记本，方便醒来后马上把梦写下来。故选B项。3Where can we read this article?AIn a poster.BIn a physics book.CIn a traveling magazine.DIn a science newspaper.D解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文对梦进行了分析，并对梦中“被追逐”和“飞翔”进行了解读，因此本文属于科学范畴，故选D项。4W
113、hat is the best title for the passage?AWhy Am I Always DreamingBHow Is My Dream CreatedCWhat Do My Dreams MeanDHow to Avoid DreamsC解析：标题归纳题。通读全文并根据第三段中的“Some say that dreams are how your receptors(感受器) make sense of random thoughts while you sleep.”及第四段中的“Other people think dreams are ways of expres
114、sing stress or internal feelings you may be experiencing.”可知，本文对梦所代表的意义进行了分析，故选C项。 完形填空I love the feeling of exchanging goods with my parents. When we visit them, we often end up _1_ home more things than we brought with us. After packing up at the end of our most _2_ visit, and after the last _3_ a
115、nd sounding of the car horn(喇叭), I took a quick look at the back _4_ of our car. At the top of the pile, folded _5_ and smartly, were a 50yearold baby blanket, several doilies(装饰垫) _6_from generations of women in my family, and two small _7_These creative quilts, looking _8_ but quite lovingly worn,
116、 remind me of my greatgrandmothers who were always _9_ hard. I think of the pieces of cloth _10_ over the floors of their living rooms. I think of their _11_ hands and the regular pattern of _12_ from their sewing machines. I think of their laughter, their smiles and the wisdom found in the corners
117、of their eyes.I wish I could go back in time and watch them _13_ these quilts, and I cherish the quilts my greatgrandmothers _14_. I love knowing that the women who _15_ the way for my own path through life have left behind touchable expressions of themselves. _16_ I touch the worn cloth of each cre
118、ation, I will always remember the women whose hands brought them into _17_. I will be ever _18_ for the strong women in my family who have lived _19_ me and with me, who have left behind unbelievable examples to _20_ and lovely quilts to pass on.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了“我”由曾祖母辈留下来的东西想到：这些东西传递给我们后辈的不仅是亲情
119、和爱，更是长辈的热爱劳动热爱生活的精神。1A.leavingBbuyingCtaking DreturningC解析：根据上文中的“I love the feeling of exchanging goods with my parents.”和下文内容可知，我们常常从父母那里收到东西带回家。此处“taking”与空后的“brought”形成对比，符合语境。leave“离开”；buy“买”；take“带走”；return“返回”。2A.official BregularCspecial DrecentD解析：此处表示在最近的一次拜访结束时，我们打包完之后。most recent 表示“最近的”
120、，符合语境。official“官方的”；regular“有规律的”；special“特殊的”。3A.hugs BhandshakesCnods DgreetingsA解析：根据语境可知，我们打包完之后准备走，故此处表示在与父母拥抱过后。hug“拥抱”；handshake“握手”；nod“点头”；greeting“问候”。4A.door BwindowCwheel DseatD解析：根据下文中的“At the top of the pile”可知，我们的车子里堆了很多要从父母那带走的物品，故应是“我”快速地朝车后座看了一眼。door“门”；window“窗户”；wheel“轮子”；seat“座位
121、”。5A.closely BneatlyCloosely DquicklyB解析：根据空后的“and smartly”的提示可知，此处表示在那堆东西的上面，一条有50年之久的婴儿毯整洁漂亮地叠放在那儿。closely“紧密地”；neatly“整洁地”；loosely“松散地”；quickly“快速地”。6A.taken down Bgiven awayCpassed down Dput awayC解析：根据下文中的“remind me of my greatgrandmothers who were always _ hard”的提示可知，这些东西是从“我”曾祖母辈传下来的。take down
122、“记下”；give away“泄露(秘密等)，赠送”；pass down“把向下传递”；put away“把收起来”。7A.quilts BparcelsCcloths DmachinesA解析：根据下文中的“These creative quilts”的提示可知，此处说的是被子。quilt“被褥”；parcel“包裹”；cloth“布”；machine“机器”。8A.shabby BdelicateCugly DoldB解析：此处表示这些具有创意的被子，虽然用旧了，但看起来仍然精美。根据空后的“but”可知，空处所填词与空后“worn”表示的含义形成转折，应是表示积极含义的，故“delica
123、te”符合语境。shabby“破旧的”；delicate“精美的”；ugly“丑陋的”；old“旧的”。9A.working BlearningCplaying DfeelingA解析：这些具有创意的被子让“我”想起了总是辛勤劳动的“我”的曾祖母们。此处work hard表示“努力工作，辛勤劳动”。10A.thrown BkeptCcovered DspreadD解析：根据上文中的“folded _ and smartly, were a 50yearold baby blanket, several doilies(装饰垫)”的提示可知此处为“我”想起了那块铺在她们起居室地面的布。throw
124、“扔”；keep“保存”；cover“覆盖”；spread“铺开”。11A.warm BwrinkledCsmooth DsoftB解析：根据上文中的“remind me of my greatgrandmothers who were always _ hard”可知，多年辛勤劳动的曾祖母她们的手是有皱纹的。warm“温暖的”；wrinkled“有皱纹的”；smooth“光滑的”；soft“柔软的”。12A.threads BactionsCsounds DpicturesC解析：根据空后的“from their sewing machines”可知此处指的是缝纫机发出的有规律的声音。thr
125、ead“线”；action“动作”；sound“声音”；picture“照片”。13A.make BinventCclean DcheckA解析：“我”希望能及时回到过去看她们制作这些被子。make“做”；invent“发明”；clean“清理”；check“检查”。14A.brought Bsent awayCdelivered Dleft behindD解析：根据上文中的“_ from generations of women in my family, and two small _”可知，“我”很珍惜曾祖母们留下来的这些被子。bring“带来”；send away“送出，派出”；del
126、iver“递送”；leave behind“留下，遗留”。15A.pushed BfeltCpaved DchangedC解析：“我”很高兴地知道那些为“我”的人生道路创造条件的女性留下了对她们自身的动人表达。push“推”；pave“铺设”；change“改变”。16A.If BWhenCOnce DThoughB解析：当“我”触摸她们留下来的那些物品上的破旧的布的时候，“我”总会想起正是这些女性的手让这些东西得以产生。when“当的时候”符合语境。17A.existence BlifeCpower DpracticeA解析：参见上题解析。bring into existence“使产生，使
127、形成”。18A.regretful BconvincedCthankful DrespectedC解析：根据下文中的“who have left behind unbelievable examples to _ and lovely quilts to pass on”可知，“我”很感激家族中那些坚强的女性。regretful“后悔的”；convinced“确信的”；thankful“感激的”；respected“受尊敬的”。19A.through BbeforeCby DforB解析：本文主要讲述“我”对曾祖母们的回忆，所以此处为家族中那些在“我”之前的女性，before“在之前”符合语境
128、。20A.replace BbuildCset DfollowD解析：那些女性为“我”留下了学习的榜样以及那些充满爱意的被子。此处follow“以为榜样，效仿”符合语境。 语法填空As you know, science plays 1._very important role in our education. Do you want to keep up 2._the latest research and discoveries in science? There are many good websites 3._you can check out the latest in the
129、science world.One great site is Science News for Kids. This site reports science news 4._(cover) a wide range of subjects. The articles are intended for younger readers, but adults will find this site 5._(suit) for them as well. Another wonderful site, one that I check out every day, 6._(call) Scien
130、ce Daily. The site is 7._(constant) updated with news, often about exciting 8._(finding) that change how we view the world.These sites post the latest stories and also keep all the past articles they 9._(post) earlier. That way you can find articles just about anything that 10._(be) related to the s
131、cience fields you are interested in.【解题导语】众所周知，科学在我们的教育中充当了一个很重要的角色。文章向我们介绍了几个方便查询最新科技信息的网站。1a解析：考查冠词。play an important role in.为固定搭配，意为“在中扮演重要角色(发挥重要作用)”，因为空后有发音以辅音音素开头的very，故填冠词a。2with解析：考查介词。你想跟上科技的最新研究和发现吗？keep up with为固定结构，意为“跟上，不落在后面”。3where解析：考查定语从句。先行词为websites，空处在从句中作地点状语，所以用where，相当于on whi
132、ch。4covering解析：考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词，该句中已经有谓语动词(reports)，提示词cover和其所修饰的名词news之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用cover的v.ing形式作后置定语，在此相当于which covers。5suitable解析：考查形容词。这里构成“find宾语形容词(宾补)”结构，所以用suit的形容词形式。6is called解析：考查语态和时态。另一个“我”每天查看的精彩的网站被称作Science Daily。 one that I check out every day是主语Another wonderful site的同位语，且主语和call构成被动关系，再结合全文的时态，确定此处用一般现在时的被动语态。7constantly解析：考查副词。修饰动词updated，作状语，故用副词。8findings解析：考查名词的数。finding为可数名词，其前无限定词修饰，且定语从句中谓语动词为“change”，为复数概念，所以应用复数形式。9posted解析：考查动词的时态。这里指的是the past articles(以前的文章)，也就是说是以前发布的，所以用一般过去时。10is解析：考查主谓一致。关系代词that指代的是先行词anything，并在从句中作主语，再结合全文的时态可知，应填is。
