1、动词的时态和语态一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。一、一般现在时1. 一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时,动词后面要加-s或-es。 They want good jobs.他们想要好的工作。 The coat matches the dress.外衣和裙子很相配。 This work does not satisfy me.这项工作我不满意。 Do you understand?你懂了吗?2. 一般现在时的用法 一般现在时的基本用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after
2、supper.晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high spirits now.现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起在西方落下。 Sound travels faster through water than it does through air. 声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。 Time and tide wait for no man.时间不等人。 c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态 This cloth feels soft.这布摸上去很软
3、。 I love classical music.我喜欢古典音乐。 The President still seems able to find time to go fishing. 看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。 d. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 The meeting begins at 7:00.会议七点钟开始。 We leave here at 8:00 sharp.我们八点整离开这里。 e. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作 When you come next time, bring me some magazines. 你下次来时,给我带几本杂志。 If time al
4、lows, we shall go there tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话,我们明天去那里。 Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home. 不管他同意与否,我都会待在家里。 一般现在时的特殊用法 a. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中 China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功 Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow劳拉布什抵达莫斯科 b. 用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中 Francis slips past, passes the ball to Ya
5、o Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket. 弗朗西斯穿过去,把球传给姚明,姚明跳起来,接住球投进篮里。 Now, look, I press the button and turn on the machine. 现在,看,我按下按扭,打开了这台机器。 c. 表示告诫或劝说 You mind your own business.你不要管闲事! If he does that again, he goes to prison.如果他再那样的话,他就会进监狱的。 d. 表示现在瞬间的动作 Here comes the bus.
6、汽车来了。 There goes the bell.铃响了。2. 一般过去时 一般过去时的基本用法 a. 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态 He suddenly fell ill yesterday.昨天他突然生病了。 The engine stopped because the fuel was used up. 发动机因燃料用光而停机了。 注意: 在一般过去时的句子中,通常都要有表示过去的时间状语。 【误】I visited the Palace Museum.(在没有上下文的情况下,应避免这样说) 【正】I visited the Palace Museum last yea
7、r. 去年我参观过故宫博物院。 【正】I have visited the Palace Museum. 我参观过故宫博物院。 b. 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态 I wrote home once a week at college.我上大学时每周给家里写一封信。 He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood. 他童年时就养成了广泛阅读的习惯。表示过去的习惯性动作,除了用过去式外,还可以用used to或would来表示。 She used to study late into the night when s
8、he was in Senior Three. 她上高三时经常学习到深夜。 He would sit for hours doing nothing. 过去他常常一坐几个钟头什么事也不做。 c. 表示过去连续发生的一系列动作 She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully. 她走进房间,拿起一本杂志,认真地翻阅了起来。 The students got up early in the morning, did morning exercises and then read English al
9、oud in the open air. 学生们很早起床,做早操,然后在室外朗读英语。 一般过去时的特殊用法 a. 在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态 Its time we went.是我们该走的时候了。 I wish I were twenty years younger.但愿我年轻20岁。 I would rather you didnt do anything for the time being.我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。 b. 在口语中,一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。 I wondered if you could give me a hand.我想请你帮个忙。 Mig
10、ht I come and see you tonight?我想今晚来看你,好吗?3一般现在时和一般过去时的比较 一般现在时要和现在时间相联系,而一般过去时和说话的“现在”不相联系。 His father is a film director.他父亲是电影导演。(他现在还是) His father was a film director.他父亲曾是电影导演。(他现在不是) How do you like the novel?你觉得这部小说怎么样?(还在看小说) How did you like the novel?你觉得这部小说怎么样?(已看完小说)三、一般将来时1. 一般将来时的用法 表示将
11、要发生的动作或存在的状态 I shall be free this afternoon.我今天下午有空。 Therell be no chemistry classes tomorrow.明天没有化学课。 They will probably go to Shanghai for their holiday.他们可能去上海度假。 注意: 在口语中,常用will / shall + be doing结构来代替will / shall + 动词原形,以表示生动。 Ill be seeing a friend off at the airport.我要去机场给一个朋友送行。 Hell be goin
12、g with us tomorrow.他明天和我们一起去。 表示将要反复发生的动作 My uncle will come to see me every Saturday.我叔叔每个星期六都会来看我。 The students will have five English classes per week this term.本学期学生们每周要上五节英语课。 表示同意或答应做某事 That bag looks heavy. Ill help you with it.这个包看起来很重,我来帮你提。 I wont tell anyone what happened, I promise.我保证不告
13、诉别人所发生的事。 2. 一般将来时的常用结构 用于“I expect, Im sure, I think, I wonder + 宾语从句”中 Dont worry about the exam. Im sure youll pass. 不要担心这次考试,我确信你会通过的。 I wonder what will happen.我不知道将会发生什么事。 用于“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”中 Work hard and you will succeed.如果你努力,就会成功的。 Go at once and you will see her.马上去,你就会见到她了。 与表示时间或条件的状语从
14、句连用 Ill let you know as soon as he arrives.他一到我就通知你。 If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他,他会帮助你的。 We shall go unless it rains.除非下雨,否则我们是要去的。 3. 将来时间的其他表达法 be going to + 动词原形 Im going to buy a new coat this winter.今年冬天我打算买一件新大衣。 Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧那乌云,天要下雨了。 The car i
15、s going to turn over.汽车要翻了! 比较: “be going to + 动词原形”与“will / shall + 动词原形”的区别 a. be going to通常表示很快就要发生的事,而will/shall既可表示不久的将来,也可表示长远的将来或不确定的将来。 She is going to get better. 她的病要好了。(有恢复健康的迹象) She will get better. 她的病会好的。(认为最终会恢复健康的) b. will表示将来,通常是指事先无计划的意图,是临时决定的; be going to则表示事先有计划的意图,是经过考虑的。 Georg
16、e phoned while you were out.你外出的时候乔治打电话来的。 Ok. Ill phone him back.好的,我给他回电话。(临时决定) Matthew phoned while you were out.你外出的时候马修打电话来了。 Yes, I know. Im going to phone him back.是的,我知道了。我准备给他回电话。(早有安排) c. 表示有迹象显示将要发生某一动作时,要用be going to,不用will或shall。 I feel terrible. I think Im going to be sick. 我觉得不舒服,我想我
17、要生病了。 d. be going to 可用于条件句,表示将来时间,will则不能。 If you are going to attend the meeting, youd better leave now. 如果你要出席会议,你最好现在就动身。 be + 动词的-ing形式 “be + 动词的-ing形式”表示根据现在的计划或安排,预期将会发生某事,这种安排不容随意改变。在这一结构中,动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词,如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get 以及eat, meet, see off, die等,并与表示将来
18、的时间状语连用。如果没有时间状语,则所表示的动作有即将发生之意。 He is leaving for Xinjiang in a few days. 他几天后要动身去x疆。 I am dining out tonight.今晚我将出去吃饭。 The plane is taking off soon. 飞机马上就要起飞了。 The old man is dying. 那位老人快要死了。 比较: “be + 动词的-ing形式”和“be going to + 动词原形”的异同 a. 表示按计划发生的动作时,两者可互换。 We are moving to a new flat tomorrow. 我
19、们明天就要搬到新房子里去了。 We are going to move to a new flat tomorrow. 我们明天就要搬到新房子里去了。 b. 表示由于客观因素而产生的将来动作或状态时,用be going to结构,不用be + 动词的-ing形式。 You are going to fall if you climb that tree. 如果你爬树的话,你会摔下来的。(不可说 You are falling if .) Be careful. You are going to break that chair. 当心!你会把那张椅子弄坏的。(不可说 You are break
20、ing that chair) be + 动词不定式 这一结构中的be,只有现在式 (am, is, are) 和过去式 (was, were) 两种形式。 a. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 The highway is to be open to traffic in May.这条公路将在五月份通车。 Am I to take over his work?我是不是要接管他的工作? b. 用于条件句中强调按计划或安排将要发生的动作 If we are to take the 5:00 train, we must leave now. 如果我们乘坐5点的火车的话,那我们现在就得出发。 c.
21、 表示命令或吩咐等。否定形式常表示“禁止”或“不许”。 You are to be back before 10 p.m.你必须在10点前回来。 You are not to go out alone at night.晚上你不能单独出去。 比较: “be + 动词不定式”与“be going to+ 动词原形”的区别 a. “be going to+ 动词原形”侧重说话人个人的意图和打算,“be + 动词不定式”侧重受别人的指示或安排要做的事。 Im going to try my best to write this article well. 我将尽力把这篇文章写好。 Am I to w
22、ait here till their arrival?我要在这儿一直等到他们抵达吗?b. 表示由于客观因素或不受人控制的将要发生的动作时,只用“be going to+ 动词原形”,不用“be + 动词 不定式”。 Its going to rain.天要下雨了。(不说Its to rain.) Rachel is going to faint.雷切尔要晕倒了。四、一般过去将来时一般过去将来时的用法 一般过去将来时间的出发点是过去,即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作和状态。 a. 一般过去将来时常用于间接引语中 He said they would arrange a party.他说他们将
23、安排一个晚会。 I asked if he would come and fix my TV set. 我问他是否来帮我修电视机。 b. 一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态 If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University. 如果我有机会出国学习的话,我就会去剑桥大学。 I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。1.A few months after he had arrived in China,
24、Mr. Smith _ in love with the people and culture there.A. would fallB. had fallenC. has fallenD. fell【答案】D【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:他到中国几个月后,就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。2.During my last winter holiday, I went to(加the)countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change the
25、re.【答案】find改成found【解析】考查动词时态。根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知,事件发生在过去,故用一个过去时。故将find改成found。【巧学妙记】一般过去时用法口诀动词一般过去时,表示过去发生事。句中动词用过去式,过去时间作标记。否定句,很简单,谓语动词前didnt添。疑问构成也有法,主语前面Did加。还有一点不能忘,后面动词要还原。3.(2018新课标卷I语法填空)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more e
26、ffective at lengthening life 65(than) walking, cycling or swimming.【答案】is【解析】考查动词的时态。医学报告显示:跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实,故用一般现在时。故填is。【巧学妙记】一般现在时用法口诀用好一般现在时,时间状语需牢记。基本用法要记清,动作习惯经常性。客观真理和能力,有时还表将来时。谓语若为行为动,形式还要主语定。主语人称是三单,动词要把-s/-es添。句中若把助动用,谓语动词用原形。4.(2017新课标卷I短文改错)Before getting into the car, I
27、thought I had learned the instructors orders, so(改为but/yet) once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether.【答案】goes改为went【解析】考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时,故将goes改为went。进行时表示动作正在进行,这个动作是暂时的,也是未完成的。进行时包括现在进行时、过去进行时和将来进行时。一、现在进行时1. 现在进行时的用法现在进行时的基本用法a. 表示说话的此刻正在进行
28、的动作 通常由表示“此刻”的时间状语(now, at this moment),或通过Look/Listen!这两个提示语来表明此时此刻动作正在进行。 She is making a fire now.她正在生火。 Listen! Mary is singing an English song in the classroom.听!玛丽正在教室里唱英文歌。b.表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作 They are planting trees on the hill these days.这几天他们正在山上种树。 I dont really work here; I am just helping
29、out until the new secretary arrives. 我并不在这儿工作,我只是在新秘书来之前帮帮忙罢了。c. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 能这样用的动词并不多,通常是arrive, begin, come, do, drive, fly, go, leave, stay 等表示位置转移的动词。这种用法比较生动,给人以一种期待感。Jane and Betty are going on holiday in a few days.几天后简和贝蒂将出去度假。Where are you staying in Guangzhou?你到广州后准备住在哪里?现在进行时的特殊用法a.表
30、示一种重复的动作,带有“厌恶”、“赞叹”等感情色彩 现在进行时往往与constantly, always, forever等状语连用,给现在的动作披上一层感情色彩。 Shes constantly complaining.她不停地抱怨。 My brother is always leaving things about.我弟弟总是乱丢东西。 He is forever thinking of doing more for the students.他总是想着为学生多做些事情。b. 表示某一具体动作或心理状态的发展过程 The house is falling down.房子正在倒下。 The
31、weather is changing for the better.天气慢慢转好了c. 强调动作的重复 The train is arriving late almost every day this summer. 这个夏季火车几乎天天晚点。 Someone is knocking at the door.有人不断地在敲门。 The boy is jumping with joy.那男孩高兴地跳个不停。2不用进行时态的动词表示状态的动词 这类动词有seem, look, appear, have, belong to, own, hold等。 This backpack belongs t
32、o me.这背包是我的。 He seems rather angry with you.看起来他很生你的气。表示知道、信念、理解、推测、怀疑、希望等含义的动词 这类动词有know, remember, understand, see, think, believe, suppose, hope, doubt等。 I dont think he will come tomorrow.我想他明天不会来。 I still remember the days when we studied together. 我还记得我们一起学习的那些日子。 提示: 有时这些动词的进行时态可表示心理状态的缓慢发展过程
33、。 Shes understanding you better now.她越来越了解你了。 表示要求、心愿等意义的动词 这类动词有want, wish, need, desire等。 Your clothes need washing.你的衣服需要洗了。 How I wish I were a bird!我多希望我是一只鸟啊! 表示继续或持续含义的动词 这类动词有continue, keep, last, go on等。 She still continues in poor health.她仍然身体很差。 Every day after finishing his homework, he
34、goes on to do some reading. 他每天做完作业后,都会继续看会儿书。 表示感觉的动词 这类动词有see, hear, smell, taste, feel等。 The apples taste good.这些苹果尝起来不错。 This flower smells nice.这花闻上去很香。 Your suggestion sounds reasonable.你的建议听上去有道理。 注意: 如果这些动词表示一种有意识的行为,则可用进行时态。 She is tasting the apple.她正在尝苹果。 The dog is smelling the footprint
35、s.狗正在嗅脚印。 The bell is sounding for dinner.晚饭铃响了。【易混辨析】现在进行时和一般现在时的比较 a. 暂时性动作和经常性动作 The computer is working perfectly.计算机运转得很好。(暂时) The computer works perfectly.计算机运转很好。(一直如此) b. 持续性动作和短暂性动作 The bus is stopping.车停了下来。(渐渐地) The bus stops. 车停了。(迅速) c. 暂时性动作和永久性动作 She is living in the country.她现在住在农村。(
36、暂时) She lives in the country.她住在农村。(永久) d. 有感情色彩和没有感情色彩 He is doing well at school.他在学校表现很好。(赞扬) He does well at school.他在学校表现很好。(一般事实) 二、过去进行时过去进行时的基本用法a.表示在过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或该动作与过去的另一动作同时发生 I was having supper at 7:00 yesterday evening. 昨天晚上7点我正在吃晚饭。 She was playing the piano while I was reading the n
37、ewspaper. 她弹钢琴时我在看报。 提示: 当句子意思很清楚时,我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时。 We listened closely while the teacher read the text. 老师读课文时,我们都仔细地听着。b.表示过去一段时间内正在进行的动作 We were talking about you the whole morning. 我们整个上午都在说你。 He was watching TV at home from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午从3点到5点他一直在看电视。c. 表示按计划、安排过去将要发
38、生的事 He told me that he was going soon. 他告诉我他很快就要走了。 She said she was leaving for New York the next month. 她说她下个月动身去纽约。【易混辨析】过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成,而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。 She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给朋友写了封信。(信写完了) She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在给朋友
39、写信。(信不一定写完) 一般过去时表示只做一次动作,而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。 She waved to me.她朝我挥了挥手。 She was waving to me.她不断地朝我挥手。 The boy jumped up and down.这男孩跳了一下。The boy was jumping up and down.这男孩不停地跳着。三、将来进行时1. 将来进行时的基本用法a. 表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作 Ill be taking my holiday soon.我不久就去度假了。 They will be meeting us at the station.他们会在车
40、站接我们的。b. 在口语中代替will/shall do I hope you will be coming on time. 我希望你按时来。 Ill be seeing Mr. Smith tomorrow.我明天将见到史密斯先生。 The minister will be giving a speech on international affairs. 部长将就国际事务发表演讲。2. 将来进行时的特殊用法a. 表示原因、结果或猜测 Please come tomorrow afternoon. Tomorrow morning Ill be having a meeting. 请你明天
41、下午来吧。我明天上午有个会。(表原因) Stop the child or he will be falling over. 抓住那个孩子,要不他会掉下去的。(表结果) You will be making a mistake.你会出错的。(表推测)b. 用在问句中,表示委婉礼貌 Will you be reading anything else? 你还要看点儿什么吗? When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候再见面?c. 表示稍后一点儿的安排 The students aer studying Unit 3 this week, and next week
42、 well be studying Unit 4. 这星期我们学第三单元,下周我们将学第四单元。 My duties will end in July and I will be returning to Shanghai. 我的任务在7月结束,之后我会回上海。 1. My washing machine _this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. A. was repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意:这周我的洗衣机
43、正在修,所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知,洗衣机正在修,故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。2.Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意:Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候,她正在一个社区里做志
44、愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前,had quit是过去完成时态,过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”,且结合时间状语when I visited her last year可知,Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况,故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。 完成时是用来表示动作的完成与未完成的情况。完成时包括现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时。一、现在完成时1. 现在完成时的用法表示结果的现在完成时 现在完成时着眼于过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。这是现在完成时的“已完成”用法,表示动作或过程发生在说话之前就已完成,并与现在有联系。这种联系实际上就是“过去的动作”对现在的影
45、响或产生的结果。I have bought a pen. 我买了一支笔。(结果:I have a pen now.) The temperature has increased by 10. 温度上升了10摄氏度。(结果:It is quite hot now.) Air pollution has taken the lives of many people. 空气污染已经夺去了很多人的生命。(结果:Air pollution is very serious now.) 注意: 现在完成时的上下文所指的时态必须呼应。 【误】I have bought a pen but I have los
46、t it now.(have bought表示你现在已经有笔了,这和后面的have lost有矛盾) 【正】I bought a pen but I have lost it now. 我(过去)买了一支笔,但我已经把它丢了。 【误】I have lost my pen but I have found it now.(have lost强调你现在已经没有笔了,与后面have found的意思有冲突) 【正】I lost my pen but I have found it now. 我丢了一支笔,但现在已经找到了。表示经历的现在完成时:强调过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历。 Have y
47、ou ever been to the Great Wall?你去过长城吗? I have visited Beijing at least ten times.北京我至少访问过十次了。 She has never spent a holiday at the seaside.她从未到海滨度过假。表示延续的现在完成时 这是现在完成时的“未完成”用法,表示一个动作或状态从过去某时开始,持续到现在,可能要继续下去。 Hes loved fishing for a long time.他爱好钓鱼为时已久。(他现在仍爱好钓鱼) I have lived here for more than thirt
48、y years. 我已在这儿住了三十多年了。(也许还会继续住下去)注意: 现在完成时的“未完成”用法既可用于动态动词(主要是持续动词),也可用于状态动词,但它一般不适用于表示短暂动作或位置转移的动词,如:open, break, go, come, arrive, leave等。如用这类动词表示“未完成”,通常只限于否定结构。 I havent seen a film for weeks.我已经好几个星期没看电影了。 She hasnt written to me since September.自从9月份以来她还没给我写过信呢。2. 现在完成时的时间状语与现在完成时“已完成”用法连用的时间状
49、语 现在完成时表示的动作或状态发生在现在时间以前的某个未明确指出的过去时间内,和它连用的时间状语要与现在时间有关,不能是明确地表示过去的时间状语。 a. 不确定的过去时间状语:already, yet, before, recently, lately等 Ive seen the film before.我以前看过这部电影。 Have you been there lately?近来你去过那里吗?b. 频度时间状语:often, sometimes, ever, never, once, rarely 等 We have never heard of that.我们从未听说过这事。 He ha
50、s sometimes played tennis.他有时打网球。 Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.大本钟很少出差错。c. 包含现在时间在内的时间状语:now, just, today, this morning, this week, this year等 I have just finished the letter now.我现在刚写完信。You have just missed the bus.你刚好错过公共汽车。 Has he done much work today?他今天做了很多工作吗?比较:already和yet用法上的区别 already常用于肯定
51、句,置于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句,置于句末。但already有时也可用在疑问句中暗示惊讶的心情。 She has already gone.她早就走了。 Have you eaten your dinner already?你已经吃过饭了? He has not come yet.他还没有来。与现在完成时“未完成”用法连用的时间状语 与“已完成”用法一样,表示具体的过去的时间状语不能与“未完成”用法连用。与其连用的往往是指一段时间的状语以具体表示某一动作或状态持续了多久。a. since + 具体时间,表示动作或状态从何时开始 Since then, he has developed
52、another bad habit. 自那以后他养成了另一个坏习惯。 He hasnt been home since he graduated. 他毕业后就没回过家。b. for + 一段时间,表示动作或状态持续了多久 We have worked here for ages.我们在这里工作很久了。 There has been no rain here for nearly two months. 这里已经近两个月没有下雨了。c. until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment到目前为止 I have not seen him so far
53、.到目前为止我没见过他。 Up to the present, everything has been OK.到目前为止一切正常。d. in/during the past/last five years在刚刚过去的5年里 He has been away from school during the last few weeks. 过去的几个星期里他没在学校。 In the past few years they have dealt with quite a few international corporations successfully. 在过去的几年中他们已经和好几家跨国公司做成
54、了生意。e. all the while, all day 一直,一整天 She has been busy all day. 她忙了一整天。 【易混辨析】 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别两者都可表示过去发生过的动作,但前者表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响,而后者则只是表示过去有 这一动作的事实。 He locked the door.他锁过门。(但现在门是开是锁不清楚。) He has locked the door.他把门锁上了。(现在门是锁着的。) Who turned on the light?谁开的灯?(着眼开灯的动作,不管现在灯是开是关。) Who has turned on the
55、light?谁把灯打开了?(着眼开灯的结果,即现在灯还亮着。)两者都可表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作,现在完成时表示该动作仍在继续,而一般过去时则说 明该动作现已终止。 He has lived in Beijing for four years. 他在北京住了四年了。(现在仍住那儿) He lived in Beijing for four years. 他曾在北京住了四年。(现在不住那儿了)二、 过去完成时 过去完成时的动作须在过去某一时间之前发生,即发生在“过去的过去”。1. 过去完成时的用法“已完成”用法 表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by
56、引导的时间状语或以 before, until, when, than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。 By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work.到昨天早上5点钟时,我们已经做完了那件工作。 He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office. 老师从办公室回来时,他刚把教室打扫完。 They came earlier than we had expected. 他们到得比我们预料的要早。 I had learnt
57、 5000 words before I entered the university. 我在进大学之前就已学了5000个单词。It rained yesterday after it had been dry for many months. 旱了好几个月之后,昨天下雨了。注意: 在包含before和after的复合句中,因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 The train (had) started before I reached the station. 在我到达车站之前,列车已经开了。 After he (had) arrived i
58、n England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。“未完成”用法 表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始,一直持续到这一过去时间,还可能再持续下去。 Up to that time all had gone well.直到那时一切都很顺利。 John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage. 约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。 She said she had made much progress
59、 since she came here. 她说自从她到这儿后已取得了很大的进步。 “想象性”用法 过去完成时有时表示一种未实现的愿望或想法,主要用在if引导的和过去事实相反的条件句以及wish, as if引导的从句中。 If she had worked hard, she would have succeeded. 要是她努力的话,她就会成功了。(事实上她没努力,也没成功。) I wish I had gone with you to the concert. 我要是和你一起去音乐会就好了。 The two strangers talked as if they had been goo
60、d friends for many years. 那两个陌生人交谈起来就像是多年的老朋友。表示“刚刚就” 过去完成时常用在hardly/scarcely/barely . when., no sooner . than . 等结构中,表示“刚刚就”。 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。注意: intend, mean, hope, want, plan,
61、 suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。 I had meant to come, but something happened.我原本打算来的,但有事发生了。 I had intended to call on you, but was prevented from doing so.我本打算去看你的,但没能去成。2. 过去完成时与一般过去时的比较 一般过去时表示过去时间的动作或状态。过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态之前,因此它表示的是“比过去更过去”。 I returned the book that
62、I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。 He didnt know a thing about the verb, for he had not studied his lessons. 他对动词一无所知,因为他没有好好学习功课。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 我在车站等了20分钟车才来。三、将来完成时将来完成时的用法表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作,并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。 We shall have learned 12 units by the end of thi
63、s term. 到这个学期末,我们将学完12个单元。 By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom. 你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。 Will you soon have finished laying the table? 你会很快摆放好餐桌吗? 注意: 在时间状语从句中,不用将来完成时,要用现在完成时来代替。 When I have finished that, I shall have done all I am supposed to do. 等我做完这件事时,我就做完我该做的所有
64、的事了。 Please dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 请待车停稳了再下车。表示推测 You will have heard of this, I guess. 我想你已经听说过这件事了。 I am sure he will have got the information. 我相信他一定得到了这个信息。四、完成进行时 完成进行时是完成时和进行时的结合,包括现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。1. 现在完成进行时的用法 表示动作从过去某时开始,一直延续到现在 现在完成进行时常和all this time, this week, this mon
65、th, all night, all the morning, recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语连用。 I have been reading Hemingways Farewell to Arms recently. 我最近一直在读海明威的永别了,武器。 She has been reciting the words all the morning. 她整个上午都在背单词。 This is what I have been expecting since my childhood. 这是我从小以来就一直期待着的事情。表示动作刚刚结束 My clothes are all
66、 wet. Ive been working in the rain. 我的衣服全湿了,我刚才一直在雨中干活。 He is dead drunk. Hes been drinking with his friends. 他烂醉如泥,他刚才一直在和朋友们喝酒。表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作 Youve been saying that for five years. 这话你已经说了五年了。 He has been writing articles to the newspapers and magazines since he became a teacher. 自从任教以来,他一直在为
67、报刊杂志撰稿。表达较重的感情色彩 What have you been doing to my dictionary? 看你把我的字典弄成什么样子了! Time has been flying so quickly! 时间过得可真快啊! Too much has been happening today. 今天可真是个多事的日子。【易混辨析】现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复,而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。 Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近常和他见面吗? Have you met him recently?你最近见到过
68、他吗?现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩,而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。 I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满) I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实)现在完成进行时强调动作,而现在完成时强调结果。 Who has been eating the oranges? 谁一直在吃这些桔子呀?(还剩余一些) Who has eaten the oranges? 谁把桔子吃光了?(强调吃得一个不剩)2. 过去完成进行时表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作过
69、去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样,过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。 I had been looking for it for days before I found it.这东西我找了好多天才找着的。 They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.他们只等了一会儿车就来了。表示反复的动作 He had been mentioning your name to me.他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。 You had been giving me eve
70、rything.你对我真是有求必应。过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中(详见第12章) The doctor asked what he had been eating. 医生问他吃了什么。 I asked where they had been staying all those days. 我问他们那些天是待在哪儿的。过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when 分句 I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。 Shed only been reviewing her lessons for
71、a short while when her little sister interrupted her. 她温习功课才一会儿,她妹妹就打断她了。1.The musician along with his band members _ ten performances in the last three months.A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give【答案】B【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意:在过去的三个月里,这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知,这句话的时态为现在完成时,故
72、排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician,为第三人称单数形式,句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分,故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。2.Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意:在过去的几年里,中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the
73、past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况,故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。1. 有些动词如read, write, clean, wash, iron, burn, draw, cook, keep, cut, open, blow, peel, sell, act等用作不及物 动词且表示主语的某种属性时,常和副词well, easily, smoothly等连用,且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。 这些动词的主语一般是表物的词,且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点,这些句子的时态多用一般现在时 或一般将来时。如:This pen writes smoothly
74、.这笔写起来很流畅。The cloth washes well.这种布料耐洗。2动词need, require, want, be worth后加v.ing的主动结构表被动意义。My watch cant work; it needs repairing. 我的手表不能用了,需要修了。This film is really worth seeing. 这部电影的确值得看。The book is worth reading again.The book is worthy of being read again.The book is worthy to be read again.这本书值得再
75、读一遍。3. 在主语be形容词不定式句型中,形容词后跟不定式作状语,而句子的主语又是动词不定式的 逻辑宾语时,常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。这样的形容词很多,常用的有:amusing, cheap, comfortable, dangerous, difficult, easy, fit, hard, important, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, funny, heavy, light等。That question is difficult to answer.那个问题不容易回答。4. 动词不定式放于名词或代词之后作定语,不定式和名
76、词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,同时又和句中另一 名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. 今天下午我有许多事情要做。(to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。)Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to post? 我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗?(post与主语you之间不存在主谓关系,只和前面letter构成动宾关系。)As time went on, Einsteins theory _ to be correct.
77、A. provedB. provesC. is provedD. was proved【答案】 A【解析】句意:随着时间的推移,爱因斯坦的理论证明是正确的。prove证明是,这里用作连系动词,要用主动形式表被动含义,故选A。【巧学妙记】主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀一般现、过用be done,be有人称、时、数变。完成时态have done,被动将been加中间。一般将来shall (will) do,被动变do为be done。将来进行无被动,shall (will) be doing。现在完成进行同,have (has) been doing。现、过进行be doing,被动be加being
78、done。情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变。否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前。一般情助加be done,双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主,宾补、主补相应变。注释:be有人称、时、数变即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。情助是指情态动词和助动词must,may,can,shall,will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。疑问一助置主前是说有两个助动词的话,应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。1. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are decli
79、ning, six _70_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】are【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining,此处数词six作主语,代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”,故用复数谓语,一般现在时,故填are。2.Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene _64_(declare) she had no plans _to retire_ (retire) from her 36-
80、year-old business.【答案】B【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知,该句主语为Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态,故填declared。3.I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _66_(make) over the years【答案】are【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知,此处用现在完成时态,句意:我喜欢到这里来看
81、看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。4. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.【答案】And the other that I wanted to help people in need.【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时,且与最后一句并列的“one was that.”用的也是一般过去时,所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。5. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _65_ (re
82、commend) wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit. For breakfast,we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.【答案】recommended。【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系,时态一致。故填recommended。6.Hi, Im Peter. Are you new h
83、ere? I havent seen you around?Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday. A. start B. have started C. started D. had started【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意:嗨,我是彼得。你是新来的吗?我没有在附近见过你。你好,彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知,Bob现在在这儿,他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情,周一是一个过去的时间,故该句应用一般过去时态,C选项正确。7. Hopefullyin2025wewillnolongerbee-maili
84、ngeachother, forwe _ more convenient electronic communicationtoolsbythen.A. have developed B. haddevelopedC. willhavedeveloped D. developed【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意:希望在2025年,我们不再互相发电子邮件,因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025,可知用将来时;再根据时间状语by then到那时,可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。8.Fast food _67_ (be) full of fat and
85、salt; by 68 (eating) (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.【答案】is【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”,表示一类食物,为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。9. Sarah says, My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I dont wa
86、nt to get too absorbed in modeling.【答案】comes【解析】考查动词的时态。根据语境可知Sarah认为当下应该是学业第一,说明现在的情况应该用一般现在时。10. People_ better access to health care than they used to,and theyre living longer as a result.A. will haveB. haveC. hadD. had had【答案】B【解析】句意:人们有着比过去更好的医疗保健,所以他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在,所以than前一句话是用现在的时间,而且后一句用的就是现在时
87、态,所以前面也用现在时态,故选B。11.Hes been informed that he _ for the scholarship because of his academic background.A. hasnt qualified B. hadnt qualifiedC. doesnt qualify D. wasnt qualifying 【答案】 C 【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for sth达标,获得参赛资格;由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事,是客观事实,用一般现在时。故选C。12.Later, enginee
88、rs _68_(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known to the tube.【答案】managed 【解析】考查动词的时态。此处表示过去的情况,所以这里也应用一般过去时,故填managed。13. _ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? Yes. They are happy with it.A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will yo
89、u call D. Were you calling【答案】A【解析】句意:你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样?打了,他们对产品很满意。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday,发生在过去,肯定用过去时,故选A。14. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _ yet. A. havent invented B. havent been invented C. hadnt invented D. hadnt been inv
90、ented【答案】D【解析】句意:在美国20世纪50年代的时候,大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话,并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态,排除A和C,事情发生在过去,与现在无关,不用现在完成时,排除B,故选D,过去完成时的被动语态。15. Around 100 people _(put down) a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the
91、 public later this week at the New York Auto Show.【答案】have already put down【解析】此处表示动作到现在已完成,强调对现在的影响,故用现在完成时。16. It _(white-paint)tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.【答案】had white-painted【解析】此处表示动作发生在过去的过去,故用过去完成时。17. The Intelligent Transport team at Newca
92、stle University _(turn) an electric car into a mobile laboratory named DriveLAB in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.【答案】have turned【解析】此处表示动作到现在已完成,强调对现在的影响,故用现在完成时。18.Steam engines _65_(use) to pull the carriages and it must h
93、ave been(fairly) (fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.【答案】were used【解析】考查被动语态,此处表示过去的被动,故填were used。19. Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year.【答案】was told / has been told 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时或现
94、在完成时的被动形式,又因主语Sarah是第三人称单数,故填was told / has been told。. 单项填空1 Jessica had intended to go bungee jumping, but on second thoughts, she _ the plan.Awas cancelingBcancelsCcanceledDhas canceled【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态。句意:Jessica 本打算去蹦极的,然后她想了想,又取消了该计划。由前半句 “had intended to” 可知前半句的时态为过去完成时,表示过去的过去,因此后半句为一般过去时,表示“取
95、消计划”这一动作发生在“打算去蹦极”之后。故正确答案为C。2 Its the third time that I _ you _ your promise.Areminded; aboutBhave reminded; ofCreminded; ofDhave reminded; about【答案】B【解析】考查时态和固定搭配。句意:这是我第三次提醒你信守你的承诺。It is the first/second/third.time that sb has/have done是个固定句型,意为“这是某人第一次/第二次/第三次做某事”,所以第一空要用现在完成时。remind sb of sth为固
96、定搭配,意为“提醒某人某事”,所以第二空要用介词of。故选B项。3 The village isnt _ it used to be and the life we were used to _ greatly since 1992.Awhat;has changedBthat;changedCwhat;changedDthat;changing【答案】A【解析】考查名词性从句和时态。句意:这个村庄已经不是过去的样子了,我们曾经的生活自1992年以来已经发生了很大的变化。分析句子结构可知,第一空填连接代词引导表语从句,从句中缺表语,故用what,在此处可译成“的样子”;第二空填谓语动词,主语是
97、the life,又因为since 1992是时间状语,故时态用现在完成时,综上,故选A。4 This kind of cloth_well and large quantities of the cloth _.Ais sold;have been soldBis sold; has been soldCsells;have been soldDsells; has been sold【答案】C【解析】考查动词的时态语态。句意:这种布销路很好,已售出大量。sell/wash/burn 等词在表示事物的状态、特点时,可以用主动表被动,因此第一个空应选 sells;第二空表示“出售,卖”的动作,
98、用被动语态,且强调对现在的影响应该用现在完成时态,故正确答案为C。5How was the Third World Intelligence Congress in Tianjin, Bella?Wonderful! It was the first time I _ such intelligent robots.Ahas seenBhas been seenChad seenDhad been seen【答案】C【解析】考查时态语态。句意:Bella,在天津举行的第三届世界智能大赛怎么样?很棒!这是我第一次看到这样的智能机器人。固定句式It is/was the+序数词+time sb从句
99、.意为“这是某人第几次做某事的时候了”,当前面使用is的时候,后面的从句使用现在完成时;当前面使用was的时候,后面的从句使用过去完成时。本句前面使用了was,说明应该使用过去完成时。且主语I与see构成主动关系,要使用主动语态。故C项正确。6(2019江苏高三开学考试)In my younger years, my father gave me some advice that I _ in my mind ever since.Aturned overBwas turning overChad turned overDhave been turning over【答案】D【解析】考查时态。
100、句意:在我年轻的时候,我的父亲给了我一些建议,从那时起,这些建议一直在我的脑海里翻来覆去。turn over表示仔细回想,反复斟酌,考虑。因为句中ever since“自从” 这里谓语动词turn over在将来会继续下去,故用现在完成进行时have been doing。7I table tennis so well; however, even so I lost the match with Ma Long yesterday.AplayBhave playedCplayedDwould play【答案】A【解析】考查一般现在时。句意:我乒乓球打得很好,但即使如此,昨天我还是输给了马龙。
101、乒乓球打得好是一种客观事实,用一般现在时。故选A项。8Ill come to attend your lecture after I finish my class tomorrow.Im afraid by then I will just have finished my lecture and _ my guests in my office.AmeetBhave metCbe meetingDam meeting【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态。句意:明天下课后我会来听你的讲座。恐怕到那个时候我正好已经完成了我的讲座并且正在我的办公室里会见客人。根据句意可知,此处表示在将来的某个时刻正在
102、进行的动作,故需用将来进行时,且根据上文will后跟动词原形。故选C。9Mum, is the pair of gloves _ mine?Yes. You have to wear another pair.AwashingBhave washedCbeing washedDhaving washed【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意:妈妈,这双正洗的手套是我的吗?是的。你不得不戴另一双了。根据下文可知,手套是正在被洗,用现在进行时的被动,故选C。10(2019江苏泰州中学高考模拟)I _ in the same position too long. My legs have fallen a
103、sleep.Shake it a little before you get up.Awill sitBhave satCam sittingDhave been stting【答案】D【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意:我坐的太久了,腿麻了。站起来之前动一动。分析句意可知,本句为现在完成时,表示表示从过去某一时间开始一直在进行的动作,并有可能持续下去,其形式为:sb have/has been doing sth。故D选项正确。11Did you meet Mr. Smith?Yes. When I arrived, he _ for New York to attend a press co
104、nference.Awas just leavingBjust leftCjust leavesDhad just left【答案】A【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意:你见到史密斯先生了吗?是的。当我到的时候,他正要去纽约参加一个记者招待会。根据arrived可知,其主句也应该用过去的某种时态,C项不正确;B项表示过去发生的动作,D项表示过去的过去,这两项均不合句意要求,故被排除;设空处表示过去将来的事情,故答案为A项。12 Linda _ to her mother for so long that she figures out almost every gesture of her mot
105、hers.AattendedBhad attendedCwould attendDhas attended【答案】D【解析】考查现在完成时。句意:琳达照顾她母亲太久了,她几乎能领会母亲的每一个动作。分析句意可知,本句为现在完成时,表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果,着眼点在现在。由“she figures out almost every gesture of her mothers ”可知,琳达照顾她母亲太久了。对现在的影响是,她几乎能领会母亲的每一个动作。故D选项正确。13 Our society would be better off but for the fact t
106、hat the economy _ by the current global financial crisis.Ahad been affectedBwere affectedCshould be affectedDis affected【答案】D【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:如果不是经济受到当前全球金融危机的影响,我们的社会会更好。此处表示一种客观事实,且the economy和affect之间是一种被动关系,所以that引导的同位语从句中用一般现在时态的被动语态,故答案为D。14 My son turned to bookstores and libraries seeking info
107、rmation about the book recommended by his professor, but _ none.Awould findBhad foundCfoundDhas been finding【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意:我儿子到书店和图书馆去找教授推荐的那本书的资料,但一无所获。此处表示并列,此空与turned表示并列关系,所以用一般过去时态,故选C。15She _ to someone on the phone, so I just nodded to her and went away.AtalkedBhas talkedChad talkedDwas tal
108、king【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意:她正在和别人通电话,所以我只是向她点点头就走了。此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,所以用过去进行时态,故选D。16 An international team of astronomers announced Wednesday that they _ the first-ever image of a black hole.Ahave capturedBwere capturingChad capturedDwould capture【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意:周三,一个国际天文学家小组宣布他们第一次捕捉到一个黑洞的图像。此处announce
109、d是过去的动作,capture动作发生在announced之前,过去的过去,所以用过去完成时态,故选C。17That must have been a long trip.Yeah, it _ us a whole week to get there.AtakesBhas takenCwas takingDtook【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态。句意:那一定是花费很长时间的旅途吧。是的,我们花了整整一个星期才到那儿的。根据上文must have done 是对过去的肯定猜测,表明时间是在过去,描述的是过去事实,无需使用过去进行时,用一般过去时即可,故正确答案为D。18 When they fi
110、rst came to the city, my parents often went to neighbors for a talk, just as they _ in the countryside.Awill doBhad doneChave doneDwere doing【答案】B【解析】考查过去完成时。句意:我父母刚来城市的时候,经常去邻居家聊天,就像他们在乡下经常做的那样。这是一个when引导的时间状语从句加just as引导的方式状语从句。方式状语从句的主句使用的时态是一般过去式(went to neighbors for a talk),从句发生的动作在主句动作之前,所以使用
111、过去完成时。故选B。19 Its that time of year again, when Alipay _ us just how much weve been spending, and on whatAremindsBremindedChas remindedDis reminding【答案】A【解析】考查一般现在时。句意:又到了一年中的这个时候支付宝提醒我们花了多少钱,把钱花在了什么上。根据语境及句子Its that time of year again,提醒我们这一动作是每年定期发生的,表示一种规律,所以用一般现在时,故A项正确。B项为一般过去时,C项为现在完成时,D项为现在进行时
112、,故选A。20I hear youll cancel all your plans and appointments. Why?They _ my life. I just cant stop.AcontrolBcontrolledChave controlledDhave been controlling【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态。句意:我听说你取消了你所有的计划和预约,为什么呢?因为它们一直在掌控我的生活,我控制不了了。强调动作发生在过去持续到了现在,且一直在进行,用现在完成进行时,选D。. 语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A recent fi
113、lm has earned huge attention on social media platforms, many citizens 1 (praise) the short video as the “best commercial video of 2019 ”. The film focuses on 2 question “Who is Peppa?” and tells a touching story 3 highlights Chinese families. In the beginning, a senior man 4 (name) Li Yubao in a rem
114、ote mountainous area asked his grandson on the phone 5 gifts he wanted for the Spring Festival, but only heard the word “Peppa” due to the poor mobile signal. Therefore, the man begins an interesting journey to discover who Peppa is. 6 the help of neighbors, the senior man made a Peppa model with ir
115、ons and steels, and 7 (surprise) his grandson. The short video 8 (encourage) people working outside to come back home often and accompany family members 9 (spend) a happy and warm Spring Festival holiday. After all, family connections are the most 10 (significance) thing in Chinese peoples hearts.【答
116、案解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了在社交媒体上引起广泛关注的一部短视频的内容以及它所反映出的意义。1praising 【解析】考查现在分词。分析句子可知,本句的主语为A recent film,谓语为has earned,所以praise为非谓语且与many citizens在逻辑上是主动关系,所以用现在分词。本句是独立主格结构作伴随状语。故填praising。2the 【解析】考查冠词。由“Who is Peppa?”可知,本句在特指这个问题,所以用定冠词the特指这个问题。故填the。3that/which 【解析】考查关系代词。分析句子可知,a touching story为
117、先行词,在后面的定语从句中作主语,所以关系代词为that/which。故填that/which。4named 【解析】考查过去分词。分析句子可知,a senior man与name在逻辑上是被动关系,所以用过去分词named作后置定语。故填named。5what 【解析】考查连接代词。分析句子可知,ask后接双宾语,间接宾语为his grandson,直接宾语为_5_gifts he wanted for the Spring Festival,这是一个宾语从句,主语为he,谓语为wanted,在此表示“的”,春节他想要的礼物,故填what。6With 【解析】考查介词。句意:在邻居的帮助下,
118、老人用钢铁做了一个佩奇模型。with the help of“在帮助下”为固定短语,且符合句意。故填With。7surprised 【解析】考查一般过去时。分析句子可知,and并列连接谓语动词made和surprised。故填surprised。8encourages 【解析】考查一般现在时。分析句子可知,本句在说明短片所反映出的意义,所以本句为一般现在时,主语为The short video,谓语应为第三人称单数。故填encourages。9to spend 【解析】考查动词不定式。分析句子可知,本句为动词不定式作目的状语。故填to spend。10significant 【解析】考查形容词
119、。分析句子结构可知,本句为主系表结构,表语用形容词。故填significant。. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。Recently Ive done a survey in our class on my classmates th
120、ink of ads. The majority of my classmate take a positive attitude to ads in that ads do bring us convenient. Other students argue that being largely exposing to ads may lead to the sameness ranging from clothes, shelters to transportationFrom my point of the view, I prefer the former opinion to the
121、latter for the following reasons. The first reason is rooted in the fact that there was various ads so that people have various choices. Secondly, with ads, that would be difficult to get across a products basic message. However, ads, instead of making people seem to be the same, contributes greatly
122、 to peoples better life.【答案解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,讲述了作者对广告的看法。1. 考查宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少宾语,故使用what作引导词。故在on和way之间加上what。2. 考查名词的数。同学肯定不止一个。故将classmate改为classmates。3. 考查名词。bring sb sth为固定搭配,意为带给某人某物,此处应使用名词。故将convenient改为convenience。4. 考查过去分词。大多数学生是“被暴露”,根据being和句意可知此处应为被动的意思,故应该使用expose的被动形式,expose的过去分词为exposed。故
123、将exposing改为exposed。5. 考查固定短语。ones point of view为固定搭配,意为“某人的观点”,此处不应该有the。故将the删去。6. 考查一般现在时。由文章的上下文可知,文章使用的基本时态是一般现在时,此处无特殊情况,也应该使用一般现在时故将was改为is。7.考查介词。句意:没有广告,将很难传达产品的基本信息。此处的意思应该为“没有”广告,应使用否定词。故将with改为without。8. 考查it用法。分析句子可知,此句如果使用that构成从句的话,该句将缺少主语。此处是it做形式主语,后面不定式做真正主语。故将that改为it。9. 考查连接副词。由句意,前文讲没有广告的好处,后文仍讲没有广告的好处,知此处没有转折的意味。Therefore和thus都意为因此的意思,有进一步递进解释的意思。故将however改为Therefore或thus。10.考查主谓一致。ads为复数,与之一致,不应该使用动词的第三人称单数形式,故应该将contributes改为contribute。