1、Unit 2Cloning阅读单词1.cutting n剪枝；剪报2. identical adj. 同一的；一模一样的3impact n. 撞击；冲击4constitution n. 宪法；章程5chorus n. 合唱；合唱队6nonsense n. 胡说；废话7.restore vt.恢复；重建8fairly adv. 公平地；相当地9dye vt.& n. 染；给染色；染色剂10hatch vt. & vi. 孵生；孵化11turkey n. 火鸡12conservative adj. 保守的写作单词1.exact adj.精确的；准确的2cast vt. 扔；投；掷3obtain v
2、t. 获得；赢得4attain vt. 获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)5forbid vt. 禁止；不准6shortly adv. 立刻；不久7strike v. 打；撞击；罢工n. 罢工8undertake vt. 着手；从事；承担9breakthrough n. 突破10altogether adv. 总共；完全地11vain adj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的12owe vt. 欠(账、钱、 人情等)；归功于13initial adj. 最初的；开始的14bother vt. 打扰vi. 操心n. 烦扰15drawback n. 缺点；不利条件16merely adv. 仅；只；不过17
3、unable adj. 不能的；不会的18adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱19moral adj. 道德(上)的；伦理的20medium n. 媒介；手段；工具语境活用1When asked about the secret of his success，he owed (归功于) it to his parents.2He undertook (着手)to improve the working conditions and the workers were expecting it.3Nowadays many graduates are looking forward to obta
4、ining(获得) employment in big cities.4Hearing the bad news，he struck ( 撞击) the table a heavy blow with his fist.5Had I realized you were busy，I wouldnt have bothered (打扰)you with my questions.6With medical breakthrough (突破)，people are living a healthier and longer life.7As is well known to all，there a
5、re altogether (总共) seven continents in the world.8Moral (道德的)science is taught as a subject in most schools but with little effect.拓展单词1.differ vi. 不同；相异different adj.不同的difference n差异；不同2identical adj.同一的；一模一样的identity n身份；同一性；一致3commercial adj.商业的；贸易的commerce n商业；贸易4complicated adj.复杂的；难懂的complica
6、tevt.使复杂化complication n复杂5correction n改正；纠正；修正correct adj.正确的v.改正6object vi.反对；不赞成objection n不赞成；反对；异议7accumulate v积累；聚积accumulation n积累；增加8retire vi.退休；离开retirement n退休；引退9assumption n假定；设想assume vt.假定；设想10regulation n规则；规章；法规regulate vt.调节；管理11popularity n受人喜爱；流行popular adj.流行的；通俗的；受欢迎的12resist vt
7、.抵抗；对抗resistance n抵抗；对抗resistant adj.有抵抗力；抵制的13decoration n装饰；装修decorate v装饰；装修14reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的reason n原因；道理语境活用1My main objection (object)to the plan is that it would be too expensive.2The nosmoking policy was introduced with little resistance (resist)from staff.3You are fortunate to
8、have such a reasonable (reason)father.4My calculations were based on the assumption (assume)that house prices would remain steady.5What is the normal retirement (retire)age in this country?6Jackie Chan enjoys great popularity (popular)both in Hong Kong and inland.7There are different (differ)opinion
9、s about the phenomenon.8I want to decorate (decoration)my new flat.第一组短语识记1.object to反对2pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清3in vain 白费力气；枉费心机4from time to time 不时；偶尔5strike.into ones heart 使刻骨铭心语境活用1.I tried to talk him out of the project，but in vain.2It is considerate of you to call on your relatives from time t
10、o time.3At worst well have to sell the house so as to pay off our debts.4If she doesnt object to the plan，why should we？第一组短语识记1.cast down使失望；使沮丧2in favour of 赞成；支持3bring back to life 使复生；使复活4(be) bound to (do) 一定或注定(做)5in good/poor condition 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)语境活用Are you 1.in favour of cloning human b
11、eings？Especially when your health is 2.in poor condition，you 3.are bound to want to 4.bring yourself back to life.Dont worry.Human cloning technology doesnt 5.cast you down.填写课本佳句1.It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.当园艺师从生长着的植物上剪下枝来培植新植物时，它(克隆)就发生了
12、。2Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.接着传来了令人烦恼的消息多莉得了重病。3The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下
13、来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。1forbid vt.(forbade，forbad；forbidden)禁止；不准教材原句Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning.有些政府开始改革司法制度，禁止进行克隆人类的研究forbid doing sth.禁止做某事forbid sb.to do sth.forbid sb.from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事(2018天津卷)Using them without a trainer present is forbidden
14、 (forbid)Forbid their children from visiting the web.The students are forbidden to_carry(carry) mobile phones to school，for they have a bad effect on their study.forbid 后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sb.to do sth.形式，有类似用法的单词还有：allow，permit，advise等。2owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于；应感谢教材原句You owe the lad
15、y an apology.你应该向这位女士道歉。(1)owe sth.to sb.把某事归功于某人(2)owe it to sb.that. 把归功于某人(3)owing to 因为；由于(2018北京卷) A man owes his success to his family support.Owing (owe) to his optimism and perseverance，he was admitted into Beijing University.完成句子I owe it to you that I have made great progress in my Englishs
16、.我在英语上取得了很大进步，这要归功于你。3bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n烦扰教材原句However，the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.然而，之后它患上了严重肺病的问题困扰着科学家们。(1)bother to do sth.操心/费心做某事(2)bother doing sth. 费心做某事(3)bother sb.with sth. 为某事打扰某人(4)bother sb.to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事He is always bothering me
17、 to lend (lend) him money.Im sorry I have bothered you with so many questions.4strike v(struck，struck)打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时n.罢工教材原句The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs，proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into pe
18、oples hearts.在侏罗纪公园这部影片中，有一科学家克隆了好几种不同的绝种恐龙。类似这样的电影很受欢迎，证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。(1)be struck by被打动/迷住了It strikes/hits/occurs to sb.that. 某人突然想起strike.into ones heart 使刻骨铭心(2)be on strike 在罢工go on strike 举行罢工Struck (strike) by the beauty of the West Lake，we stopped to admire the beautiful scenery.Meeting
19、my dear teachers and fellow students after so many years was indeed a warm occasion，one Id strike into my heart forever.语段填词When the clock struck nine，it struck me that I would write a report about the workers strikes，because I was deeply struck by their stories.What struck me most was that they nev
20、er gave up life however hard it was.当九点的钟声敲响时，我突然想到我要写一篇有关工人们罢工的报道，因为我被他们的故事深深打动了，我印象最深刻的是，无论生活多么困难，他们从没有放弃过生活。5pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清教材原句But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthroughthe cloning of Dolly the sheep.但是决心和耐心使科学家们最终于1996年收获了突破性的结果克隆羊“多莉”
21、。(1)pay back偿还(欠款)；报复；回报(2)pay for sth. 付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价(3)pay sb.for sth. 因某事物给某人报酬(4)pay a visit to 参观，拜访(5)pay attention to 注意；留心写出黑体部分pay off的含义John studied hard before the examination，and it paid off.取得成功They have loans，bills，a mortgage(还清抵押) to pay off.偿清Dad，I dont think Oliver the right sort of
22、 person for the job.I see.Ill go right away and pay him off.付清工资解雇6object vi. 反对；不赞成A majority of students objected to being arranged (arrange) for extra lessons during holidays and weekends.The villagers raised an objection (object) to building a chemical plant beside the river.You should stop blam
23、ing yourself and be more objective (object) about your ability，which I feel is a sure way to promote your confidence.(1)object to反对；不赞成(to是介词)(2)objection n. 不赞成；反对；异议objective adj. 客观的；真实的；宾语的7differ vi.不同；相异用differ的适当形式填空Although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater
24、 and live TV.The language used in advertisement differs from that used in ordinary readings.语段填词Though John and David are twins，yet they differ widely in character.In spite of their difference，they both believe that they have the ability to make a difference to the world.虽然约翰和戴维是孪生兄弟，但性格却大相径庭。尽管他们有不
25、同之处。但他们都相信自己有能力影响这个世界。(1)differ in在方面不同differ from 与不同(2)difference n不同之处make a difference 起作用；有影响(3)different adj.不同的be different from.in. 在方面与不同(4)differently adv. 不同地8in good/poor condition状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)What I want you to realize is that everybody is likely to be in poor condition.We can build a
26、 harmonious society on condition that everyone behaves himself.补全句子The teacher always reminds us，“On no condition can we give up our dreams.”老师总是告诫我们“在任何情况下我们都不能放弃我们的梦想”。The advantage is that_if_there_is_a_new_illness_some_of_these_animals_may_die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to r
27、esist that disease to the next generation.其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。句中that 引导的是表语从句，that一词在句中无词义，但通常不能省略。另外，that还可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句等。完成句子(全国卷) The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages.通常的规则是温和的区域有相对少的语言。Please send us all the information t
28、hat you have about the candidates for the position.请把你有的申请这个职位的所有候选人的信息都发给我们。Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.专家们认为人们只有在必要时购物就会浪费较少的食物。.课文里的高考根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay.It is a way of making
29、 (make) an exact copy of another animal or plant.It has two major uses.One is that gardeners use it to produce commercial quantities of plants.The other is that it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.However，the process of cloning is difficult to underta
30、ke (undertake)Many attempts to clone mammals failed.The breakthrough that scientists made in history is in the year 1996.The first successful cloning，Dolly the sheep，made the whole scientific (science) world follow its process，though it had more(many) problems than the normal sheep.On the other hand
31、，Dollys appearance raised (raise) a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.Different people have different opinions (opinion) on it.However，scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.Maybe in the 21st century，clonin
32、g will be the biggest (big) moral dilemma.话题微写作下面是你班班会上以“克隆”为题进行讨论的情况。请你写一封信给21st Century 报的编辑说明该情况，并表明你自己的观点。赞成人类必定受益。许多国家从事这个课题并取得了重大的突破。无法抵挡它的发展反对在伦理上是不合理的，应该被禁止你的观点要合理利用注意：1尽量多地使用本单元的知识点；2可适当增加细节；3请根据以上要点写一篇80词左右的短文。范文Yesterday we had a discussion about cloning.Different students hold different
33、opinions.Some students are in favour of its development.They think it is bound to benefit human beings.Besides，many countries have undertaken it and obtained great breakthroughs.So people are unable to resist its development.On the contrary，others think it is not morally reasonable and should be for
34、bidden.However，in my opinion，cloning technique will pay off if human beings use it properly.第37讲文章衔接语(二)三、表示并列关系的过渡性词语and, or, also, as well as, neither. nor ., not only.but also ., either. or ., not. but.等。She finally earned respect of them, who eventually became confident as well as wellbehaved.(2
35、015广东卷，满分作文)她最后赢得了他们的尊重，他们最终变得自信，表现也不错。I think we will have a good time there and I will send you photos taken there.(2013山东卷，满分作文)我想我们会在那里玩得很愉快，而且我将会把在那里拍的照片寄给你。1观光最好要么乘坐游览巴士，要么骑自行车。Sightseeing is best done either by tour buses or by bicycles.2游泳不但对身体有好处，而且能培养我们的坚强意志。Swimming not only benefits our
36、health, but also helps us have a strong will.四、表示转折关系的过渡性词语 but, yet, however, while, otherwise, on the contrary，though, although, even if/though, despite, in spite of, regardless of等。Like any other large countries, its unavoidable that China may have some negative sides. But honestly speaking, most
37、 Chinese are friendly and warmhearted.与其他大国一样，中国不可避免的可能会有负面形象。但是，诚实地说，大部分中国人是友好的、热心肠的。Otherwise well have to answer for our selfishness sooner or later.否则，我们迟早会为我们的自私付出代价。1然而，使你最惊讶的是下述新的功能。However， what amazes you most is the following new functions.2相反，智能手机不仅占用我们宝贵的时间，而且对我们的健康造成极大的危害。On the contrar
38、y， smartphones not only take up our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health.基础巩固单句语法填空1Our strength is from many sources，but most of all，we owe our success to the creativity of our people.2The students were_forbidden (forbid)，unless they had special passes，to leave the base.3Do you know
39、any differences (differ) between British English and American English?4The new clothes in the shop are so beautiful that Anna cant resist taking (take) a closer look at them.5The visitors were_struck (strike) by the beauty of the tourist area as soon as they saw it.6His suggestion that we should sol
40、ve the problem step by step is reasonable.7Dont let yourself be_cast(cast) down by a small failure in the experiment，try again.8He is working so hard that he is bound to_win (win) the first prize.9In ancient times，people believed that they could be brought back to life.10All efforts will be in vain
41、if we cant learn English by practicing repeatedly.能力提升 .阅读理解A deal has been signed to turn byproducts from a Scottish distillery (酿酒厂) into fuel for cars.In what is declared to be a world first, the Tullibardine distillery in Perthshire has linked up with a spinout company from Napier University in
42、Edinburgh.They plan to use bacteria to feed on the “leftovers” from the whisky (威士忌酒) making process.This will produce butanol which can be used to fuel vehicles.More than 90% of the stuff that comes out of a whisky distillery is not whisky.It is leftovers like draff and pot ales (酒糟)both produced i
43、n the early stages of the process.They are high in sugar and are currently used for things like fertiliser and cattle feed.Napier Universitys Biofuel Research Centre (BRC) has already shown that the right bacteria can feed on those byproducts to produce butanola direct replacement for vehicle fuel.N
44、ow the spinout company, Celtic Renewables, and independent whisky producer Tullibardine have signed an agreement.Together they will apply the process to thousands of tons of the distillerys leftovers.Professor Martin Tangney, founder of Celtic Renewables, said “Our partnership with Tullibardine is a
45、n important step in the development of a business which combines two important Scottish industrieswhisky and renewables.This project shows that creative use of existing technologies can utilize resources on our doorstep to benefit both the environment and the economy.”Douglas Ross, managing director
46、 of Tullibardine, which spends 250,000 disposing of its byproducts every year, said “We are delighted to be partnering Celtic Renewables in this creative business, the obvious benefits of which are environmental.It takes a cost to us and turns it into something that has social as well as commercial
47、value.”The project is being supported by a grant (拨款) from the Scottish governments Zero Waste Scotland initiative.Celtic Renewables said it eventually aimed to build a processing plant in Scotland, with the hope of building an industry that could be worth 60 million a year.语篇导读本文讲述的是一种新型的环保技术：用酿酒厂里
48、的酒糟来代替汽油。促进经济发展，属于科学、环保以及生意类内容。1According to the passage, _ will be used to take the place of petrol.AwhiskyBwhisky leftoversCbutanol Ddraff and pot ales解析：C细节理解题。根据文章第三段the right bacteria can feed on those byproducts to produce butanola direct replacement for vehicle fuel.可知butanol是直接用来代替汽油的物质。2How
49、 do people deal with whisky leftovers at present?AThey throw them away.BThey use them to feed people.CThey use them to feed bacteria.DThey use them for crops or cattle.解析：D细节理解题。根据文章第三段They are high in sugar and are currently used for things like fertiliser and cattle feed.现在酿酒厂生成的酒糟被用作肥料和牛群的食物。3Wha
50、t does the underlined word “utilize” in the fourth paragraph probably mean?AMake use of. BGet rid of.CUse up. DFind out.解析：A词义猜测题。本文讲述的是人们使用酿酒厂生产的酒糟来替代汽油给汽车提供动力。本句“This project shows that creative use of existing technologies can utilize resources on our doorstep to benefit both the environment and
51、the economy.”中的utilize表示利用这些资源。4Which of the following categories does this passage belong to?aHealthBScience cFooddNatureeEnvironmentfBusinessAb，c，e Bb，e，fCa，b，f Da，b，c解析：B推理判断题。本文讲述的是一种新型的环保技术：用酿酒厂里的酒糟来代替汽油。促进经济发展，属于科学、环保以及生意类内容。故B正确。.阅读填句Everyone makes mistakes._1_ Making a mistake at work，howeve
52、r，can be more serious.It may cause problems for your employer and even affect the companys bottom line.Evil consequences will finally come down to you.Simply correcting your mistake and moving on may not be an option.When you make a mistake at work，your career may depend on what you do next.Admit yo
53、ur mistake.Tell your boss about your mistake immediately.The only exception is that you make an insignificant error that will not affect anyone.Otherwise，dont try to hide your mistake._2_Present your boss with a plan to fix your mistake.When you go to your boss to admit your mistake，you must have a
54、plan for correcting it.Present your plan clearly.Tell your boss how long it will take to carry out your plan and if there are any costs involved.Dont blame anyone else for your mistake.3_ Encourage those who may share responsibility to follow your lead in admitting to your boss.4_Theres a big differ
55、ence between admitting your mistake and beating yourself up about it.Take responsibility but dont blame yourself for making it，especially in public.Correct your mistake on your own time.If you have to spend extra hours at work to correct your mistake，dont expect to be paid for that time._5_AApologiz
56、e for your mistake but dont beat yourself up.BUsually you can correct your error or just forget about it and move on.CYou can use your lunch hour or come into work early.DPointing fingers wont help you if you make a mistake.EStrengthen your friendship with your boss.FYoull feel ashamed if your colle
57、ague takes the responsibility for you.GYou will look terrible if someone else discovers it.语篇导读每个人都会犯错误，但是在工作中犯错常常导致严重后果。如何改正工作中所犯的错误呢？本文给出了五点建议。1解析：B根据空处前句“每个人都会犯错误”，并结合下文的“Simply correcting your mistake and moving on may not be an option.”可知，空处与下文对应，故此处应选B，你通常会改正错误，或者干脆忘记它继续前行。2解析：G由空前一句可知，不要掩盖错误；
58、据此可以判断，选G项，陈述掩盖错误的后果。3解析：D根据该段标题“Dont blame anyone else for your mistake.”可知，不要因你的错误指责他人；据此可知，该段主要阐述“不要推卸责任”这一建议，故选D项。4解析：A根据空处位置可知，空处为该段标题，即该段的主旨；根据该段的第一句“Theres a big difference between admitting your mistake and beating yourself up about it.”可知，该段主要阐述“为自己的错误道歉，但是不要太责怪自己”，故选A项。5解析：C根据该段标题“Correct
59、your mistake on your own time.”可知，该段主要阐述“用自己的时间去改正错误”这一建议；C项中的“your lunch hour or come into work early”与“your own time”对应，故C项正确。.语法填空I love traveling，but it hasnt always been my passion.In my first year of university，I started to travel during the holidays.I went to Paris，visited Athens and _1_(vary
60、) cities in ItalyI was very excited because this was the first time that I _2_(travel)abroad with just my friends.This desire to travel started off _3_(simple) as a way to have something to look forward to after exams，but I soon found _4_important it is to travel.On my travels I have had the opportu
61、nity not only to experience new and colorful cultures，but I have also had the chance to interact with people _5_have different outlooks on life.When you travel you will meet people with different cultural backgrounds.It is important _6_(learn) to see things from other peoples points of view and to c
62、hallenge your own opinion.When you travel you _7_(expose)to a different setting，a different language and a different way of living.All these elements，mixed _8_a new and exciting adventure，make you realize your own home.Traveling is truly _9_enriching experience and I am always excited for the _10_(discovery)that await me in my next adventure!答案：1various2.had traveled3.simply4.how5.who/that6.to learn7.are exposed8.with 9.an10.discoveries
