1、Section Grammar 虚拟语气(2)语法图解探究发现If you had come earlier,you would not have missed the exciting scene in the movie.If you had told me the news yesterday,I wouldnt be so worried now.Had I left sooner,I would have been there on time.But for your advice,I would have failed.He treats the little girl as if
2、 she were his own daughter.Its high time that we began the work.Its necessary that we(should)learn English well.If only I had not been busy last week.我的发现(1)在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气时，条件句的谓语动词用“”形 式 表 示，而 主 句 谓 语 动 词 则 用“would/should/might/couldhave过去分词”表示。(如例句)(2)当条件句的谓语中有 had,were 或 should 时，可将 if 省略，同时将 ha
3、d,were 或 should 提到从句主语的前面，形成。(如例句)had过去分词倒装(3)当主从句所指的时间时，其谓语动词应分别根据自己的具体情况采用适当的形式。(如例句)(4)有时某些介词短语、副词或上下文可以表示虚拟条件，这种虚拟语气叫。(如例句)(5)as if 引导的从句所表达的内容不是事实时，其谓语动词应用。(如例句)(6)虚拟语气还用于某些。(如例句、和)不一致含蓄条件句虚拟语气特殊句式(结构)中一、虚拟语气的特殊用法1错综时间条件句有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。If you had taken my advice t
4、hen,you wouldnt be in trouble now.如果当时听我的劝告，你现在就不会有麻烦了。(从句过去，主句现在)If I were you,I would have taken his advice yesterday.如果我是你，昨天我就会采纳他的意见。(从句现在，主句过去)2含蓄条件句(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用 but for,without 等介词(短语)或上下文来表示。Without electricity,the world would be dark.如果没有电，世界将一片黑暗。(2)用连词 otherwise,or 等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，
5、从而引出后文的虚拟语气。I ran all the way to the cinema;otherwise I would have missed the beginning of the movie.我一路跑到电影院，不然我会错过了电影的开头。(3)虚拟条件通过 but 暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况but真实情况”。I would have come sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.我不知道他们一直在等我，要不然我肯定会早点来。即时演练 1单句语法填空His ship was delayed because of th
6、e heavy fog yesterday;otherwise I (pick)him up on time.If he hadn t locked the door,I (be)at home now.But for the rain,we (finish)the work already.I (go)to my cousin s birthday party last night,but I was not available.would have pickedwould bewould have finishedwould have gone1 虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法(1)在“It
7、isimportant/necessary/natural/strange/essential/a pitythat.”句型中，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。It s important that every pupil(should)be able to understand the rules of school.重要的是每个学生都能了解校规。It is a pity that Lucy(should)be so careless.真遗憾露西竟这样粗心。二、虚拟语气的其他用法(2)“It is desired(suggested,ordered,requested,propose
8、d,required 等)that 从句”句型中，从句谓语动词用“shoulddo”，其中 should 可省略。It is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.希望一切在今晚准备好。It s required that the new car(should)be paid in cash.这辆新车要求用现金支付。2虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法表示“建议、要求、命令”等的名词如 suggestion,proposal,order,demand,advice,request 等后跟表语从句和同位语从句时，从句中的
9、谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。He gave the advice that we(should)do the work carefully.他建议我们认真做这项工作。My suggestion is that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups.我的建议是我们派几个人去帮助别的小组。3as if/as though 从句以及 if only 后的句子常用虚拟语气as if/as though/if only时间谓语动词的虚拟形式与过去相虚拟had过去分词与现在相虚拟一般过去时(be动词用were)与将来相虚拟wo
10、uld/could/might动词原形He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.他谈起这次事故来好像他看到了一样。(与过去事实相反)If only I had enough money to buy a phone.如果我有足够的钱买一部手机，那该多好。(与现在事实相反)点津 如果 as if/as though 后的从句有明显的迹象表示可能发生时，不用虚拟语气。It is so cloudy.It looks as if it is going to rain.天很阴，似乎要下雨了。4It s(high/about)time 后的从句
11、用虚拟语气从句谓语动词常用过去时，也可用“should动词原形”，但 should 一般不省略。It s time I got/should get down to thinking about that essay.我是时候该认真思考一下那篇论文了。即时演练 2 单句语法填空The order came that the medical supplies The upset mother thought to herself,“If only I (know)what s going on in my little boy s head right now.”Jack is a great
12、talker.It s high time that he (do)something instead of just talking.(should)be sentknewdid/should doIt is necessary that he (send)to Beijing right away.Don t handle the vase as if it (make)of steel.His demand was that we (go)to the training center at once.It s time that we (have)a meeting to talk ab
13、out the problem.It is strange that she (refuse)to come to the party.(should)be sentwere made(should)gohad/should have(should)refuse链接高考单句语法填空1(2019天津高考改编)The workers were not better organized,otherwise they (accomplish)the task in half the time.would have accomplished解析：句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能
14、完成任务了。此处 otherwise 表达了一种含蓄虚拟；otherwise 前的内容所述的是过去的事实，相当于 if 引导的条件状语从句“If the workers had been better organized”，因此后半部分应用“主语would have done sth.”结构。2(2017天津高考改编)Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes.Otherwise,I (be)able to reach her yesterday.wouldnt have been解析：句意：“你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？”“有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。”此处 othe
15、rwise(否则)相当于一个条件状语从句，由“yesterday”可知本句对过去进行虚拟，由此可以判断出主句用 wouldnt have done。3(2016江苏高考改编)If it (not be)for his invitation the other day,I should not be here now.had not been解析：根据主句的时间状语“now”与从句的时间状语“the other day”可以判断本题考查的是错综时间条件句。从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。4(2015安徽高考改编)It is lucky we booked a room,or we (ha
16、ve)nowhere to stay now.would have解析：句意：很幸运，我们订了个房间，否则我们现在就无处安身了。本题考查了虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的运用，条件句部分在 or 中体现，相当于 If we hadnt booked a room,we would have nowhere to stay now.(主句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气)。5(2015重庆高考改编)Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway (write)his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.wouldnt have written解析
17、：句意：假如没有战时的那些经历，海明威就不会写出著名小说永别了，武器。当句中出现 without,but for,otherwise 等词时，句子的谓语动词用过去将来时(表示与现在或将来相反的情况)，或用过去将来完成时(表示与过去相反的情况)，本题很显然是与过去的情况相反，而根据句意可 知 应 用 其 否 定 形 式，因 此 本 句 否 定 形 式 应 用，“would/could/should/might nothave done”。演练提能.单句语法填空1If Peter (take)his father s advice,he would have passed the exam.2If
18、 the villagers hadn t built the dams,their village _ _ (flood)by the water.3It looks as if he(not have)a meal for a week.4If only I (meet)the movie star!But I was then in the school doing papers.5Excuse me,visiting hours are over.It s time for you to leave.I m sorry.I didn t know the time or I (leav
19、e)earlier.had takenwould havebeen floodedhadn t hadhad metwould have left6He wished he (say)that matter to others.7Lucy looks very upset.I would rather I (not tell)her the bad news.8The manager demanded that the work (finish)before Friday.9Miss Yang suggested that Jackson (read)more books in his spa
20、re time.10But for the storm,we (arrive)earlier this morning.had said(should)be finished(should)readshould have arrivedhadn t told.完成句子1,I wouldnt have signed the contract.要是当初你早点通知我，我就不会签那个合同了。2Had you repaired the house yesterday,now.要是你昨天修了房子的话，房子现在就不会湿了。3I was too busy at that time;otherwise.If,I
21、 would have called you.如果我当时不是太忙，我就给你打电话了。If you had informed me earlier/Had you informed me earlierit wouldnt be wetI would have called youI had not been too busy at that time4I cut off the electricity in time.Otherwise there.我及时关掉了电源，要不然就会出危险了。5Its time that we to stop pollution.我们早该采取措施来制止污染了。6If only I.要是我当时向她道歉就好了。7They talked as if they for years.他们谈话的样子好像是多年的老朋友似的。8It is important that this task.重要的是这项任务不能失败。would havebeen a dangertook/should take measureshad apologized to herhad been friends(should)not fail谢谢 观 看
