1、Unit 5 Revealing natureSection Grammar(过去完成时)写出下列句子中画线部分的句法功能。1.(教材P50) It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.who引导的定语从句中的谓语动词2.(教材50)Whats more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your
2、family”.主句谓语动词3.(教材P51) After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.After引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词4.(教材P51)At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed
3、since.that引导的宾语从句中的并列谓语动词5.(教材P51)Over time, it had slowly evolved into many new species. 句子谓语动词一、过去完成时的基本结构:had+done常用时间状语:recently、lately、since.、for.、in the past few years、by+过去的时间点、by the end of+过去的时间点、before+过去的时间点等。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.在他们到达宾馆之前,他们已经吃
4、了早饭了。She had finished writing the composition by 10:00 this morning.今早十点前她就已经写完了作文。二、过去完成时的基本用法1.过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。这个过去的时刻可以用by、before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;也可以用一个表示过去的动词来表示;还可以通过上下文来表示。The concert had already begun when I got there.我到达那里的时候,音乐会已经开始了。2.表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。She
5、said she had studied in that college.她说她在那所学院学习过。3.当一个由before、after、as soon as等词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作先后或紧接着发生时,由于这些连词本身已经说明两个动作发生的先后关系,从句和主句的谓语动词均可用一般过去时。He left the room after he (had) closed the window.他把窗户关上之后离开了房间。4.在no sooner.than.、hardly/scarcely.when.句型中,主句用过去完成时,意为“一就;刚就”。I had no sooner finishe
6、d my homework than the light went out.我刚做完家庭作业,灯就灭了。注意:若把句型中的no sooner、hardly提前放在句首时,主句用部分倒装结构,即提前助动词had。5.有些动词,如think、hope、expect、intend、mean、suppose、want等,在用过去完成时时,可以表示过去未实现的愿望或打算。They had wanted to help,but they couldnt get there in time.他们本来是想要帮忙的,但未能及时赶到那里。6.在 It was the first time that句型中,that
7、从句中的动词常用过去完成时。It was the first time that he had ever spoken to a foreigner.那是他第一次跟外国人讲话。三、过去完成时与一般过去时的用法区别过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是“过去的过去”,只有在和过去的某一时间或某一动作相比较时才用。一般过去时表示的动作是过去发生的,与现在无关。1.在表示某人过去未曾完成的心愿、打算、计划、想法、许诺等时,hope、mean、plan、want、promise、intend等谓语动词通常用过去完成时。I had planned to offer you some help in you
8、r shop,but suddenly my mother fell ill yesterday. 昨天我原本计划在你店里帮一些忙的,但是我妈妈突然生病了。He had meant to spend the important day with us last Sunday,but he was too busy then. 上星期日他原本打算与我们一起度过这个重要的日子的,可是他当时实在太忙了。2.如果句中出现了表示过去的具体时间状语,句子的内容为过去的实际情况或为历史事实时,句中的动词时态通常用一般过去时。The teacher said that it was Columbus who
9、first discovered the American continent. 老师说是哥伦布最早发现了美洲大陆。My parents told me that I was born on May 16th,1990.我的父母告诉我,我是在1990年5月16日出生的。3.如果两个动作紧接着发生,常常不用过去完成时,而用一般过去时,特别是在包含before和after从句的主从复合句中。After we said goodbye to the Smiths,we left their home. 在我们和史密斯夫妇告别了之后,我们就离开了他们家。Just before I left Guang
10、zhou,I sent my friend an email. 在离开广州前,我给我的朋友发了一封电子邮件。四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时间或某动作相比较时,才用到它。试比较:I have learned 1,000 English words so far. 到目前为止,我已经学会了1,000个英语单词。I had learned 1,000 English words til
11、l then. 到那时为止我已经学会了1,000个英语单词。Im sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 没什么,我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。Where had he been? 他去哪儿了?(答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在returned home 之前去了什么地方,即“过去的过去”).单句填空1.I had finished (finish) r
12、eading the novel by nine oclock last night.2.They had planted (plant) six hundred trees before last Wednesday.3.The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he had met (meet) some European business partners.4.We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken (break) i
13、nto the office during the night.5.Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid theyhad received (receive) from China.6.By the time Jack returned home from England, his sonhad graduated (graduate) from college.7.The two girls got on very well with each other, even though it
14、was the first time theyhad met (meet).8.I found the lecture hard to follow because it had started (start) when I arrived.9.Last week I took part in the Civil Service Admission Examination, for which I had prepared (prepare) for nearly three months.10.When Jack arrived he learned Maryhad been (be) aw
15、ay for almost an hour.11.We had hoped (hope) that you would come to see us, but you didnt.12.Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted (interrupt) him.13.I had no sooner reached the bus stop than the bus started.14.I had scarcely finished the exercise when the bell rang.15.His first
16、 novel has received (receive) good reviews since it came out last month.语法与主题写作1.写作要点根据本单元语法知识和主题知识补全句子。达尔文是英国的博物学家、地质学家和进化论的奠基人。Darwin was an English naturalist, geologist and founder of the theory of evolution.查尔斯达尔文于1809年2月12日诞生在英国的一个小城镇。Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 in a small tow
17、n in England.他搭乘贝格尔号进行了环球航行,做了五年的科学考察。He sailed around the world on the Beagle and did scientific research for five years.他在观察和收集了大量的动植物后,提出了进化论。He put forward a theory of evolution after he had observed and collected a variety of animals and plants. 1859年,他出版了震动当时学术界的物种起源。In 1859, On the Origin of
18、Species, which shook the academic world at that time, was published.2.串句成文将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。Charles Darwin, who was born on February 12, 1809 in a small town in England, was an English naturalist, geologist and founder of the theory of evolution. He sailed around the world on the Beagle and did scientific research for five years. He put forward a theory of evolution after he had observed and collected a variety of animals and plants. In 1859, On the Origin of Species, which shook the academic world at that time, was published.
