1、单元加餐练.阅读理解In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attac
2、hed to telephone calls made after 11：00 pm. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes its a matter of life and death. The time chosen for the call communications is important.In social life, time plays a very important part. In the USA guests tend to feel they are not highly regar
3、ded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away te
4、nd to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat time differently. Promptness(准时) is valued highly in American life. For example, if people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fu
5、lly responsible. In the US no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late is expected to make a short apology. If he is less than 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not compl
6、ete the sentence.本文是一篇说明文。这篇短文主要描述了时间在社会交往中的重要作用，不同的时间在社会交往中往往代表了不同的含义。1If one makes a telephone call at dawn, this would mean .Athe matter is of valueBthe matter is somewhat importantCthe matter requires attentionDit is a matter of life and death答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中If someone receives a call during
7、sleeping hours, he assumes its a matter of life and death.可知，如果一个人在黎明打电话，这将意味着这是一个生死攸关的问题。故选D。2“The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11：00 pm.” Here “attached” means .AtakenBdrawn CgivenDshown答案：C解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11：00 pm
8、.If someone receives a call during sleeping hours，he assumes its a matter of life and death.可知文中的attach有“赋予，给予”的意思。故答案为C。3According to the passage, the author of the article may agree that .Ait is not appropriate to send your invitation cards only three or four days before a dinner party date in the
9、 USA.Bit is impolite to be promptCit is best for one to make telephone calls at night because it costs much lessDif one is less than 5 minutes late, he has to make a short apology答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据In the USA guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extende
10、d only three or four days before the party date如果邀请赴宴只提前三四天，美国客人会觉得他们不被重视；But it is not true in all countries但不是所有国家都这样。故选A。4What is the main idea of the passage .ATime and tide wait for no manBThe important role of time in social lifeCThe importance of an announcementDTime is treasure答案：B解析：主旨大意题。根
11、据第一段的“The time chosen for the call communications is important.”可知，这篇短文主要描述了时间在社会交往中的重要作用，不同的时间在社会交往中往往代表了不同的含义。故答案为B。.七选五Winter is often bitterly cold, which often makes us stay indoors more instead of heading out to exercise. Worse still, there are many viruses doing their best to make you sick. A
12、nd sneezing, coughing and nose blowing make the rooms a habitat for viruses. 1 . Touching a doorknob or shaking a hand may make you get sick. Although it may sound terrible, there are still some things you can do to avoid viruses. Here are several simple tips to stay healthy in winters. Wash your ha
13、ndsYou pick up viruses everywhere and they live on your hands, so wash your hands and do it often. 2 . But if thats not available, use an alcoholbased hand sanitizer (消毒杀菌剂). 3 . Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with your hands. Thats one way viruses can get into your body.Get the flu shot (
14、疫苗) 4 ， but getting the flu shot lowers your chances of getting the flu. For example, getting the flu shot last year resulted in a 34% lower risk of coming down with the flu. Avoid sick people 5 . Viruses spread very easily through the air, so keep at least six feet between you and the sneezing, sni
15、ffling and coughing person.AIts no guaranteeBTake care of your faceCKeep your hands away from your faceDThe best way is to use regular soap and waterEIt is easy for viruses to spread from person to personFIf someone around you is sick, then keep your distanceGBecause there are always some unexpected
16、 things in life本文是一篇说明文。冬天常常非常冷，这使得我们更多地待在室内而不是出去锻炼。而打喷嚏、咳嗽和擤鼻涕使这些房间成为病毒的栖息地。文章就此提出了一些在冬天保持健康的简单建议。1E解析：根据下文“Touching a doorknob or shaking a hand may make you get sick.”触碰门把手或握手都有可能使你生病，可知病毒在人与人之间很容易传播。故选E。2D解析：根据上文“so wash your hands and do it often.”可知强调要多洗手，故下文应为说明如何洗手，故可对应到D选项“最好的方法是使用普通的肥皂和水”。
17、故选D。3C解析：根据下文“Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with your hands.” 避免用手触摸眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴。可知眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴都是脸上的器官，因此本句应为“将手远离你的脸”。故选C。4A解析：根据下文“but getting the flu shot lowers your chances of getting the flu.”可知注射流感疫苗会降低患流感的概率，故可推理注射疫苗并不能保证不被传染。故选A。5F解析：根据下文“Viruses spread very easily through the air, so ke
18、ep at least six feet between you and the sneezing.”病毒很容易在空气中传播，所以你和打喷嚏的人之间至少要保持6英尺的距离，可知本段强调要和周围生病的人保持距离。故选F。.完形填空Choose what you want to do, and dont stop until getting there. You can 1 beyond your wildest dreams.My goal for myself last year was to 2 a half marathon (马拉松). I was inspired by the run
19、ners in the world, seeing them run a half then 3 a full marathon, seeing my parentsinlaws 4 as they told me about their upcoming marathon. I knew I wanted to do a half.I completed my first 10k last April. Feeling happy, I 5 to take the next step and sign up for the Hamptons Half in September. As the
20、 marathon drew near, I became more 6 . I just didnt think that I was 7 to be a runner, I had never been 8 at running. Why suddenly could I do it now? 13.1 miles was further than anything I ever dreamed of. Unexpectedly, a month before the 9 I hurt my hamstring (脚筋) seriously one rainy night. 10 ， I
21、felt somehow relieved. Now I had a good 11 not to run. I didnt have to feel 12 when I couldnt finish, because I could simply explain that I had hurt myself and could no longer 13 . It was like a weight had been 14 from my shoulders.My attitude finally changed I believe that I can do anything, and my
22、 body is 15 to do amazing things. I signed up for the DC Cherry Blossom 10 miler with some friends, and with all of them 16 me, I couldnt draw back. Unfortunately, while training hard, I was again 17 ， I hurt my knee in an accident and couldnt ran for months. The thought of using it as an excuse tha
23、t I couldnt run came across my 18 but I threw it away after a couple of minutes. On that exciting day I 19 it to the finishing line, though not a good result. The 20 distance Ive ever run, one I had never thought possible.本文是一篇记叙文。作者报名参加了一次马拉松比赛，随着比赛临近，作者越来越紧张，后来因为一次意外受伤，作者想到将受伤当作自己无法参加比赛的借口。后来经过努力，
24、作者最终跑到了自己从未想到过的最远的距离。作者意识到：选择你想要做的事，在到达目的地之前不要停止。你能取得超乎想象的成功。1A.succeedBstress Chesitate Dadmire答案：A解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.succeed成功；B.stress强调；C.hesitate 犹豫；D.admire钦佩。根据下文作者的经历，本句是指选择你想要做的事，在到达目的地之前不要停止。你能取得超乎想象的成功。故选A。2A.research Borganize Crun Dhost答案：C解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.research研究；B.organize组织；C.run奔跑；D.host
25、主持。根据下文marathon可知作者是跑马拉松。故选C。3A.compare Bdislike Cmatch Dcomplete答案：D解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.compare比较；B.dislike不喜欢；C.match匹配；D.complete完成。根据下文a full marathon可知是跑完整段马拉松。故选D。4A.disappointment Bregret Cexcitement Dpain答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.disappointment失望；B.regret遗憾；C.excitement激动；D.pain痛苦。根据下文upcoming marathon可知对
26、即将到来的马拉松作者的公婆是很激动的。故选C。5A.refused Bdecided Cagreed Dbegged答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.refused拒绝；B.decided决定；C.agreed同意；D.begged乞求。根据下文the next step and sign up可知作者决定采取下一步。故选B。6A.nervous Bbored Cconfident Ddelighted答案：A解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.nervous紧张的；B.bored厌倦的；C.confident自信的；D.delighted高兴的。根据下文I just didnt think可知作
27、者随着比赛接近，变得越来越紧张不安。故选A。7A.allowed Bencouraged Cforced Dmeant答案：D解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.allowed允许；B.encouraged鼓励；C.forced强迫；D.meant意味着；想要。句意：我觉得我并不是注定要成为一个跑步者。短语mean to be“命中注定”。故选D。8A.bad Bgood Cslow Damazed答案：B解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.bad坏的；B.good好的；C.slow 慢的；D.amazed惊奇的。根据上文作者认为自己不是生来就要当跑步者，因为作者从来都不擅长跑步。短语be good at“
28、擅长”。故选B。9A.training Bmeeting Cexam Dmatch答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.training训练；B.meeting会议；C.exam考试；D.match比赛。根据上文a month before可知比赛前一个月，作者的脚筋受了伤。故选D。10A.However BMeanwhile COtherwise DStill答案：A解析：考查连词辨析。A.However然而；B.Meanwhile同时；C.Otherwise否则；D.Still仍然。根据上文离比赛还有一个月作者却受了伤，但是作者却不知怎么觉得解脱了。前后为转折关系。故选A。11A.time
29、Bchance Cexcuse Dplace答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.time时间；B.chance机会；C.excuse 借口；D.place地方。作者因为受了伤，有了一个不能跑步的好“借口”。故选C。12A.important Bfrightened Cproud Dpuzzled答案：B解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.important重要的；B.frightened害怕的；C.proud骄傲的；D.puzzled困惑的。根据下文when I couldnt finish作者受了伤，因此不用害怕完不成比赛。故选B。13A.jump up Bgive up Ctake part D
30、stand out答案：C解析：考查动词短语辨析。A.jump up跳起来；B.give up放弃；C.take part参加；D.stand out出众。句意：因为我可以简单地解释道我受了伤不能再参加比赛了。故选C。14A.separated Bprotected Cborrowed Dremoved答案：D解析：考查动词短语辨析。A.separated分开；B.protected保护；C.borrowed借；D.removed移走。根据上文I felt somehow relieved可知作者因为不用参加比赛感到解脱，就像是肩上的负担被移走了。故选D。15A.willing Benerge
31、tic Csensitive Dafraid答案：A解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.willing愿意的；B.energetic精力充沛的；C.sensitive 敏感的；D.afraid害怕的。根据上文I believe that I can do anything可知作者相信自己可以做任何事，她的身体也愿意去做一些令人惊奇的事情。故选A。16A.against Bbeside Cbetween Dbefore答案：B解析：考查介词辨析。A.against反对；靠着；B.beside在旁边；C.between在两者之间；D.before在之前。句意：他们所有人都在我身边支持我，我不能退缩。故选
32、B。17A.injured Bpunished Cinvited Dfired答案：A解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.injured受伤；B.punished惩罚；C.invited邀请；D.fired着火。根据下文I hurt my knee可知作者又一次受了伤。故选A。18A.eyes Bface Cmind Dstomach答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.eyes眼睛；B.face脸；C.mind思想；D.stomach胃部。句意：用它来作为我不能跑步的借口的想法在我脑中一闪而过。come across ones mind“脑中一闪而过”。故选C。19A.carried Bmade Ct
33、hrew Dfailed答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.carried搬运；B.made制造；C.threw 扔；D.failed失败。根据下文finishing line可知作者跑完了全程马拉松，短语make it“完成；达到目标”。故选B。20A.farthest Bshortest Cworst Deasiest答案：A解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.farthest最远的；B.shortest最短的；C.worst最坏的；D.easiest最容易的。根据下文Ive ever run可知作者跑到了自己从未想过的最远的距离。故选A。.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容
34、概要。In 1800, only three percent of the worlds population lived in cities. In 1900, just a hundred years later, roughly 150 million people lived in cities. By 2000, the number of city dwellers (居民) went beyond three billion; and in 2008, the worlds population crossed a tipping pointmore than half of t
35、he people on Earth lived in cities. By 2050, that could increase to over twothirds. Clearly, humans have become an urban species.In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many people viewed cities negativelycrowded, dirty environments, full of disease and crime. They feared that as cities got bigger, li
36、ving conditions would worsen. In recent decades, however, attitudes have changed. Many experts now think urbanization is good news, offering ways to deal with the problems of Earths growing population.Harvard economist Edward Glaeser is one such person. Glaeser argues that cities are very productive
37、 because “the absence of space between people” reduces the cost of transporting goods, people, and ideas. While the flow of goods has always been important to cities, what is most important today is the flow of ideas. Successful cities enable people to learn from each other easily, and attract and r
38、eward smart people with higher wages.Another urbanization supporter is environmentalist Stewart Brand. Brand believes cities help the environment because they allow half of the worlds population to live on about four percent of the land. This leaves more space for open country, such as farmland. Cit
39、y dwellers also have less impact per person on the environment than people in the countryside. Their roads, underground pipes, and power lines need fewer resources to build and operate. City apartments require less energy to heat, cool, and light.So its a mistake to think urbanization adverse; its a
40、 natural part of development. The challenge is how to manage the sound growth.With a growing population becoming city dwellers, the world is increasingly urbanized.(要点1) Contrary to the previous negative attitude, now people think urbanization is a solution to the increasing population problem. (要点2
41、) Firstly, cities are productive because of the advantages of small distance between people, especially the convenient idea exchanges.(要点3) Secondly, besides other helpful factors, urbanization benefits the environment due to fewer energy consumption per citizen.(要点4) Therefore, it should be recognized as a natural process despite the challenge of monitoring its sound growth.(要点5)
