江苏省南京市金陵中学2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）.doc

1、江苏省南京市金陵中学2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）第二部分 单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)1.She tried to be brave, but her courage _ her.A. conqueredB. urgedC. failedD. encouraged【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她试图变得勇敢，但是她的勇气让她失败了。A. conquer征服；B. urge催促；C. fail失败；D. encourage鼓励。根据句意可知选C。2.It is time that we _ a decision on how t

2、o approach this problem.A. makeB. madeC. to makeD. will make【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：是我们决定如何处理这个问题的时候了。固定句式It is time that后面的从句谓语用过去式或should+动词原形。故选B。3.The man opened his eyes, only _ himself left alone in the room.A. findingB. foundC. to findD. having found【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那人睁开眼睛，却发现房间里只剩下他一个人

3、。短语only to do表示出乎意料的结果。故选C。【点睛】比较“only+现在分词（短语）”和“only+不定式（短语）”：这两个结构在句中都可以用来表示结果。但有区别：后接现在分词往往表示一种自然的合乎逻辑的结果，而后接不定式往往表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果。如：He went out of the room with few clothes on, only feeling rather cold. 他出去时衣穿得很少，渐渐地感到有些冷了。I arrived at the shop only to find Id left all my money at home. 我到商店却发

4、现钱全放在家里。He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头砸了自己脚。I arrived at the shop only to find Id left all my money at home. 我到商店却发现钱全落在家了。His opposition served only to strengthen our resolve. 他一反对反而增强了我们决心。She ran to the station only to find that the train had left. 她跑到火车站，但火车却开走了。4.They f

5、inally arrived at _ used to be a farmland twenty years ago.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他们终于到达了二十年前曾经是农田的地方。本句为宾语从句，且从句中缺少主语，指代事物，故用what。故选D。5.The organization was founded for the _ of poor children.A. benefitB. interestC. advantageD. value【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个组织是为了贫困儿童

6、的利益而建立的。A. benefit好处；利益；B. interest兴趣；爱好；C. advantage优势；D. value价值。根据句意故选A。6._ is announced in todays paper, they have succeeded in solving many problems according to the new theory.A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如今天的报纸所宣布的，他们已经成功地根据新理论解决了许多问题。本句为非限定性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，as在从句中做主语。意为“正如

7、”。故选B。【点睛】关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，指代主句的整个意思。但as和which具有不同的词义、句法和用法。1. as引导的从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论引导定语从句时，as仍具有“正如，像，由可知”等意思，翻译时有时可不必译出。as定语从句常含有这些动词：see, know, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expect, guess等，这类动词与as连用几乎成了一种固定搭配。as引导的此类从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。如：The famous magician Liu Qian, a

8、s we all know, is from Taiwan. 众所周知，著名魔术师刘谦是台湾人。There is a net bar around here, as I remember. 我记得这儿附近有一家网吧。As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。2. which引导的从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果which此时指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。注意，它引导的从句不

9、像as那样位置灵活，它只能位于主句的后面。如：He changed his mind again, which made us all angry. 他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。She tore up my photos, which (=and that) upset me.她撕碎了我的照片，这使我很不安。3. 在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which，不用asJenny might come, in which case Ill ask her. 詹妮可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。She graduated from a local middle school, afte

10、r which she went to Beijing University. 她毕业于当地的一所中学，之后她去了北京大学。4. 当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含着一个复合宾语时，一般用which而不用asHe pretended not to know me, which I didnt understand. 他假装不认识我，这是我搞不明白的。He admires everyone in his class, which I find quite strange. 他羡慕班里的每个学生，我认为太奇怪了。特别说明：as引导非限制性定语从句的最大特点是位置灵活；其次，as有以下常见的，而whic

11、h不具备的“固定表达”：as we all know 众所周知 as I can remember 正如我所记得的as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as we expect 正如我们预料的那样as you see 这一点你明白as was expected 正如预料的那样as can be seen 看得出来 as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样as has been said above 如上所述as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样as is often the case 像常规那样as everybody can do 正如人人

12、都能做到的那样7. Youd better go there by train. The train ticket is _the airplane ticket.A. as cheap three times asB. as three times cheap asC. three times cheaper thanD. cheaper three times than【答案】C【解析】 略8.The white paint was cracked and peeling away from itself in _ most unpleasant manner unlike the pai

13、ntwork in the house in Berlin.A. aB. theC. /D. any【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查冠词。句意：与柏林那所房子的油漆不同，白色的油漆裂了，而且以最令人不快的方式剥落下来。manner为可数名词，此处泛指“一种令人不愉快的方式”，用不定冠词a。故选A。9.To keep himself _, Bruno spent a long Saturday morning and afternoon creating a new diversion.A. entertainedB. entertainingC. entertainmentD. to enter

14、tain【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了娱乐自己，布鲁诺花了一个漫长的周六上午和下午创造了一个新的消遣。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故entertain只能做非谓语动词与逻辑主语Bruno构成被动关系，故用过去分词，所以选A。10.Although it seemed ridiculous to Bruno that school _ take place when there were only two students to teach, both Mother and Father agreed that a tutor should come to the

15、house every day.A. couldB. shouldC. mustD. would【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：虽然对布鲁诺来说，学校竟然只招收两名学生似乎很可笑，但父母都同意家庭教师应该每天到家里来。此处should可以表示受话人惊奇、愤怒、失望等情感。表示“竟然”。故选B。11.From time to time Bruno saw Pavel _ a glance _ the direction of his knee.A. give; inB. give; toC. throw; inD. throw; to【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查短语的固定搭配。句

16、意：Bruno不时看见Pavel朝他膝盖的方向瞥了一眼。固定短语throw a glance to“瞥一眼”。故选D。12.Bruno still wished that he could go back home to Berlin, although the memories of that place were beginning to _.A. appearB. showC. failD. fade【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：布鲁诺仍然希望他能回到柏林的家，尽管那个地方的记忆已经开始衰退。A. appear出现；B. show展示；C. fail失败；D. fad

17、e衰退；消失。指记忆的衰退用fade。故选D。13.“No,” she insisted, her voice becoming grating now as she _ him. “Just keep quiet about it, Bruno.”A. took toB. appealed toC. applied toD. catered to【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查词组辨析。句意：“不，”她坚持说，当她向他恳求时，她的声音变得刺耳起来。“别说了，布鲁诺。”A. take to喜欢，从事；B. appeal to呼吁，吸引，恳求；C. apply to适用于；D. cater to迎

18、合。根据句意所以选B。14.Maria frowned. “Its not important,” she said.“Well, of course Its important,” said Bruno irritably, _ she was just being deliberately difficult.A. even ifB. if onlyC. now thatD. as if【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查词组辨析。句意：玛丽亚皱起了眉头说“这并不重要”。“这当然很重要，”布鲁诺不耐烦地说，好像她是故意刁难她似的。A. even if即使；B. if only但愿；C. now

19、that既然；D. as if好像。根据句意所以选D。15.Somehow Pavels words made sense to Bruno and he resisted the _ to say “Ow” any more, and when Pavel finished applying the green liquid he took a bandage from the first-aid box and taped it to the cut.A. convenienceB. trickC. impressionD. urge【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不知怎

20、的，帕维尔的话对布鲁诺来说很有意义，他克制住了想说“噢”的冲动。当帕维尔涂完这种绿色液体后，他从急救箱里拿出一条绷带，把它绑在伤口上。A. convenience方便；B. trick诡计，窍门；C. impression印象；D. urge强烈的欲望。根据句意故选D。第三部分 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）One November, two weeks before Thanksgiving. my mom was travelling through Kentucky when her car suddenly broke down, She pulled over, an

21、d a truck carrying _16_ to a farm in Bonnieville stopped behind her.As an African-American woman who grew up in Louisiana, my mom did not know if everyone in Kentucky was _17_. In fact, some people might not be _18_ to outsiders, especially people of different _19_. The truck driver told her to leav

22、e her car there, and then he _20_ her to get on his truck. An hour later, they arrived at his farm. The farmer _21_my mom into his home.When the farmers wife_22_ my mom, she did not ask who she was or any other_23_. She simply said, Hi! What do you want to drink- Coke or tea?My mom _24_ with their s

23、ix kids while the farmer and his brother went back to _25_ her car. She did not know why these strangers took the_26_ to help her and then get her back on the road for free. She even forgot to ask for their_27_ .Two weeks later, my mom wanted to_28_ the family for what they did for her. She made a (

24、n)_29_ to send a cheque for $550 and a letter in an envelope. She _30_ it toThe Chicken Farmer, Bonnieville, Kentucky._31_ , it got to the right place. The family then wrote her back.It turned out that the_32_ she sent them was exactly what they needed to keep their farm from being taken back. They_

25、33_ it, paid the rent and bought a Thanksgiving dinner with the rest.Their actions truly explained the_34_ of Thanksgiving. The gifts they gave each other that year turned a random (随意的) act of kindness into an act of faith in human_35_.16. A. cowsB. chickensC. pigs.D. sheep17. A. generousB. patient

26、C. carefulD. friendly18. A. openB. equalC. blindD. familiar19. A. sexesB. nationalitiesC. racesD. occupations20. A. remindedB. permittedC. encouragedD. convinced21. A. attractedB. invitedC. allowedD. followed22. A. comfortedB. recognizedC. sawD. approached23. A. questionsB. secretsC. requestsD. sign

27、als24. A. agreedB. arguedC. competeD. played25. A. fixB. fetchC. protectD. exchange26. A. riskB. chanceC. timeD. challenge27. A. hobbiesB. namesC. numbersD. identities28. A. pay backB. find outC. call onD. turn to29. A. applicationB. arrangementC. promiseD. decision30. A. passedB. addressedC. carrie

28、dD. concluded31. A. inappropriatelyB. irresponsiblyC. unbelievablyD. unreasonably32. A. moneyB. letterC. greetingD. souvenir33. A. savedB. donatedC. acceptedD. borrowed34. A. methodB. meaningC. traditionD. influence35. A. developmentB. historyC. beingsD. nature【答案】16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. B

29、 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者和母亲的车在旅行中突然抛锚，结果收到了一家人好心的帮助。两周后，母亲寄了550美金希望报答这家人，结果也正好帮助了他们。这个故事使作者领悟到随意的善意之举使人相信人性的善良。【16题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：11月的一天，感恩节前两周，我妈妈正在肯塔基州旅行，她的车突然抛锚了，她把车停在路边，一辆载着鸡的卡车停在了她身后。A. cows牛；B. chickens鸡；C. pigs猪；D.

30、sheep羊。根据下文The Chicken Farmer, Bonnieville, Kentucky.可知车里载着鸡，故选B。【17题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个在路易斯安那州长大的非裔美国妇女，我妈妈不知道肯塔基州的每个人是否都很友好。A. generous大方的；B. patient耐心的；C. careful仔细的；D. friendly友好的。此处的意思是：妈妈不知道是否有人是友善的，愿意帮助一个陌生人，故选D。【18题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：实际上，有一些人可能是不愿意接受外来者的，尤其是不同种族的。A. open公开的；开放的；B. equal平等的；C.

31、blind瞎的；D. familiar熟悉的。短语be open to“愿意接受的”。故选A。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：实际上，有一些人可能是不愿意接受外来者的，尤其是不同种族的。A. sexes性别；B. nationalities国籍；民族；C. races种族；D. occupations占有。根据上文可知作者的母亲是一位非裔美国妇女，和当地人种族不同，故C符合。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：卡车司机叫她把车停在那儿，然后说服她上车。A. reminded提醒；B. permitted允许；C. encouraged鼓励；D. convinced说服。根据下文An h

32、our later, they arrived at his farm.可知卡车司机说服了作者妈妈把车子就放那，让她相信他，然后跟他一起先去自己的农场，短语convince sb to do使某人相信。故选D。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个司机邀请了我妈妈去他家。A. attracted吸引；B. invited 邀请；C. allowed允许；D. followed跟随。根据上下文可知司机是邀请了作者妈妈去自己家里，故B符合题意。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当农夫的妻子看到我妈妈时，她没有问她是谁或其他任何问题。A. comforted安慰；B. recognized认

33、出；C. saw看见；D. approached接近。妈妈去了农夫家里，因此农夫的妻子看见了妈妈，故选C。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当农夫的妻子看到我妈妈时，她没有问她是谁或其他任何问题。A. questions问题；B. secrets秘密；C. requests请求；D. signals信号。司机的妻子没有问我妈妈是谁，也没有问其他的一些问题，故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈和他们的六个孩子一起玩，而农夫和他的弟弟回去修理她的车。A. agreed同意；B. argued争论；C. compete竞争；D. played玩耍。根据下文with their s

34、ix kids可知作者妈妈和他的几个孩子一起玩，故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈和他们的六个孩子一起玩，而农夫和他的弟弟回去修理她的车。A. fix修理；B. fetch取来；接来；C. protect保护；D. exchange交换。司机和他的弟弟去修车，fix表示“修理”，故选A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不知道为什么这些陌生人花时间帮助她，然后让她免费回到路上。A. risk风险；B. chance机会；C. time时间；D. challenge挑战。作者妈妈不知道他们为什么愿意花时间去帮助他，短语take the time“花费时间”，故选C。【27

35、题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她甚至忘记问他们的名字了。A. hobbies爱好；B. names名字；C. numbers数字；D. identities身份。根据上文可知是陌生人，因此忘了询问名字，故选B。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：两周后，我妈妈想要回报这家人为她所做的一切。A. pay back偿还；回报；B. find out找出；查明；C. call on访问；号召；D. turn to求助于。作者的妈妈想要回报这家人为她所做的一切，故A符合题意。29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她决定给他们一张价值550美元的支票，并且附上一封信。A. application应用；

36、申请；B. arrangement布置；C. promise承诺；D. decision决定。短语make a decision“做决定”，故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把信寄到了The Chicken Farmer, Bonnieville, Kentucky.这个地方。A. passed经过；B. addressed解决；写地址；C. carried拿；提；D. concluded结束；推断。address表示“写地址，寄送”符合题意。故选B。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：难以置信的是信和支票成功的寄到了他们那里。A. inappropriately不适当地；B.

37、 irresponsibly不负责任地；C. unbelievably难以置信的；D. unreasonably不合理地。因为没有写名字，前文妈妈忘记问他们名字了，信还是到达了地方，故很“难以置信”，故选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果，她寄给他们的钱正是他们防止农场被收回所需要的。A. money钱；B. letter信；C. greeting打招呼；D. souvenir纪念品。根据上文提到的，是妈妈给的钱正是他们所需要的，故选A。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们接受了，付了房租，和其他人一起买了一顿感恩节晚餐。A. saved拯救；B. donated捐赠；C.

38、accepted接受；D. borrowed借。从下文可知，他们接受了妈妈的的支票，故选C。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的行为真正诠释了感恩节的意义。A. method方式；B. meaning意义；C. tradition传统；D. influence影响。他们的行为正是感恩节的意义，故选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们随意的善意之举使人相信人性的善良。A. development发展；B. history历史；C. beings生物；存在；D. nature自然；天性。短语human nature“人性”，故选D。【点睛】完形填空的特点和技巧：1完形填空的特点：

39、（1）只考以下四类词-名词、动词（包括短语动词）、形容词和副词。（2）首句不设空：有助于了解或推测全文的大意。（3）同一小题的四个选项都是同一词类，且为同一语法形式。2解答完形填空的技巧：（1）词语之间的习惯搭配，或固定搭配；（2）结合生活，结合生活常识，善于观察生活，积累生活常识，就能够利用常识去做恰当的选择。（3）上下文对照，解完型填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要阅读下句或者若干句才能明白。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。（4）词语或词义复现。词汇复现往往会使语篇中的句子相互衔接得更紧密

40、利用词语的复现，对解题很有帮助；如第一小题，根据下文The Chicken Farmer, Bonnieville, Kentucky.可知卡车里载着鸡，故选B。注意事项1通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。2复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。第四部分 阅读理解（共15小题； 每小题2分； 满分30分）AWINNERS DESIGNSGLENEAGLES HOTELIt is Scotlands country hotel landmark that won the

41、 first prize. This hotels recent renewing has put it back on the map. With a new spa, two-starred Michelin food and fresh decorations of the 1920s, you can say with confidence that you have landed on the Heaven.COMO HOTELIt is far more than just a place to lay your head. Not one but two Singapore ho

42、tels are included. Yet it was a grand hotel closer to home that took the top prize. There are acres of gardens, a floating pool on the lake and a vast spa overlooking the water. Great food and service? It has the lot.CRUISES HOTELFrom hotels to travel companies, areas or attractions, it wants to sup

43、port the forward-thinking idea of “green” out there. Who, where or what has caught your eye this year? Its devotion to tourism now extends to its cruise programme, adding eco-friendly, lower-carbon-emitting ships to its fleet.TREMEZZO HOTELIts such a great hotel as can give an insider a great excuse

44、 for taking on a place for a long time. As this years winner, it offers something of a surprise Yoga. It usually features strongly in this sort. Plus Japanese food.36. Which hotel is related to environmental protection?A. GLENEAGLES HOTELB. COMO HOTELC. TREMEZZO HOTELD. CRUISES HOTEL37. The purpose

45、of this passage is to _.A. explain how to enjoy holiday livesB. introduce some winning worksC. attract more people to travel thereD. advertise for hotel service【答案】36. D 37. B【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。主要介绍了由优秀获奖者设计的四家酒店的特点。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第三个作品CRUISES HOTEL的“From hotels to travel companies, areas or attractions

46、, it wants to support the forward-thinking idea of “green” out thereIts devotion to tourism now extends to its cruise programme, adding eco-friendly, lower-carbon-emitting ships to its fleet.”的“green ”和“low-carbon-emitting”等可以作出判断，这家酒店是绿色的，低碳环保的，与环境保护有关的。分选项可知D符合题意，故选D。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据文章的标题“WINNERS D

47、ESIGNS（优胜者设计）”和文章中提及的the first prize等获奖信息可以看出此文是为了展示获奖作品。分析选项可知B项（介绍一些获奖作品）符合题意，故选B。【点睛】广告类短文基本上以细节题的考查为主，此类文章主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既注重特定细节的筛选、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设置较容易。答题时没有必要把每一句话弄清楚，只要重点理解和题目有关的信息就可以了。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文，宜采用“倒序法”来处理。即先看问题，后看文章内容。这样在阅读中可以有重点地、有针对性地去读，冗余无效信息可以略读甚至不读。在阅读时要特殊留意文中以黑体、大写、下画线等方式

48、加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或至少是一部分内容的概括。如第一小题，根据第三个作品CRUISES HOTEL的“From hotels to travel companies, areas or attractions, it wants to support the forward-thinking idea of “green” out thereIts devotion to tourism now extends to its cruise programme, adding eco-friendly, lower-carbon-emitting ships to its

49、fleet.”的“green ”和“low-carbon-emitting”等可以作出判断，这家酒店是绿色的，低碳环保的，与环境保护有关的。分选项可知D符合题意，故选D。BSupermarket shelves are filled with plant-based alternatives to cow milk, including soy, nut, and coconut milk. These products are popular with consumers who cannot drink cows milk for health reasons, as well as wi

50、th those concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability. While the dairy-free(非乳制的) options work well with cereal or in coffee, they fail miserably when it comes to making milk-based products like cheese or yogurt. However, these shortcomings may soon be a thing of the past, thanks

51、to a new company in California, which has figured out how to create animal-free milk in a laboratory!Perumal Gandhi and Ryan Pandya founded the company in 2014 after becoming increasingly annoyed with the lack of cows milk-free alternatives, particularly for cheese. For Gandhi, who stopped consuming

52、 animal products five years earlier due to environmental and animal welfare concerns, the motivation to create a better alternative stemmed from his love of cheesy pizza. Pandya was spurred into taking action after being forced to eat some “really bad” dairy-free cream cheese on his sandwich.The two

53、 MIT biomedical engineering scientists decided to join forces to create a more realistic alternative to dairy-based products. In their university lab, the pair spent nine months first isolating(分离) cow DNA then inserting it into yeast. This genetic modification enabled the yeast to produce the neces

54、sary milk proteins. The final step of the process involved mixing the proteins with some plant nutrients and fats.The dairy-free milk not only tastes like the real thing but is also healthier, has a longer shelf life and, most important of all, is Earth friendly. According to the companys website, w

55、hen compared to conventional（传统的） milk production, their process uses 65% less energy, creates 84%o less greenhouse gas emissions and requires 91% less land and an amazing 98% less water! Best of all, since it contains real milk proteins, the product behaves like the cow-produced version, which mean

56、s vegetarian consumers will no longer have to deal with soggy cheese on their sandwiches and pizzas.The company plans to bring their creation to market later this year and their first product will most likely be cheese since there are already numerous good cows milk alternatives available to consume

57、rs.38. The underlined word those in paragraph 1 refers to_.A. alternativesB. peopleC. productsD. reasons39. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. The dairy-free products cannot be stored for a long time.B. The new products will taste better than dairy-based ones.C. Cow farming causes considerable

58、 environmental damage.D. The dairy-free milk will be more expensive than cows milk.40. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Healthier CheeseB. New Milk Saves PlanetC. Fresher Milk, Better FutureD. Making Milk without Cows【答案】38. B 39. C 40. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了一家公司生产出了一种新的

59、牛奶，这种牛奶不需要奶牛。这种新产品不仅味道像真正的牛奶，也更健康，而且对环境友好。【38题详解】词意猜测题。划线词所在的句子These products are popular with consumers who cannot drink cows milk for health reasons, as well as with those concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability.（这些产品很受因为健康原因不能喝牛奶的消费者的欢迎，也受那些关心动物和环境的可持续性发展的人的欢迎。）所以those指的是人

60、，A. alternatives替代品；B. people人；C. products产品；D. reasons原因，故选B。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中According to the companys website, when compared to conventional milk production, their process uses 65% less energy, creates 84% less greenhouse gas emissions and requires 91% less land and an amazing 98% less water!（根

61、据该公司的网站，与传统的牛奶生产相比，他们的生产过程使用的能源减少了65%，产生的温室气体排放量减少了84%，所需土地减少了91%，用水量惊人地减少了98% !）可知与传统的牛奶相比较而言，新的产品对环境的破坏较小，由此推知，奶牛养殖造成相当大的环境破坏，故选C。【40题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段However, these shortcomings may soon be a thing of the past, thanks to a new company in California, which has figured out how to create animal-free mi

62、lk in a laboratory!是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了一家公司生产出了一种新的牛奶，这种牛奶不需要奶牛，故选D。【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义如文中常用refer to，be called或thats to say，such as等。 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly,the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是

63、前因后果。 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。如第一小题，根据划线词所在的句子These products are popular with consumers who cannot drink cows milk for health reaso

64、ns, as well as with those concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability.（这些产品很受因为健康原因不能喝牛奶的消费者的欢迎，也受那些关心动物和环境的可持续性发展的人的欢迎。）所以those指的是人，A. alternatives替代品；B. people人；C. products产品；D. reasons原因，故选B。CAs e-cigarettes become more popular, fewer people are taking up smoking traditional c

65、igarettes. But can e-cigarettes, an electronic nicotine delivery system, help people quit smoking altogether? The answer is probably yes. A study led by Matthew Carpenter, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina found that e-smokers tend to smoke less and have increased quit attempts

66、.In the pilot study, Carpenter evaluated e-cigarettes in terms of usage, product preference, changes in smoking behaviors and nicotine exposure. Ninety subjects were evaluated：45 were randomized to use e-cigarettes, and 45 were randomized to a control group. Everyone was followed over a period of fo

67、ur months. The study was published in Cancer Epidemiology in November and is one of the few randomized studies in the U. S. to examine the effects of e-cigarettes.Results showed that when smokers were given e-cigarettes, uptake was strong. Many participants rated the e-cigarettes similar to their us

68、ual product, suggesting that e-cigarettes might give smokers a suitable alternative to combustible（燃烧的）cigarettes. E-cigarettes offer significantly less exposure to harmful toxicants and therefore are safer. People using e-cigarettes throughout the study smoked an average of 37 percent fewer cigaret

69、tes, as compared to those in the control group, showing a positive effect when making the switch and potentially serving as a tool to help smokers quit.Thats good news for Carpenter and his colleagues. Smoking is the leading cause of cancer and has a negative impact on the effectiveness of cancer tr

70、eatments. People who quit smoking, regardless of their ages, have substantial gains in life expectancy（预期寿命）compared with those who continue to smoke.Carpenter cautions that while e-cigarettes may help people smoke less or even quit, they are not for everyone. It is important to protect non-smokers,

71、 particularly adolescents, from starting any nicotine-containing product. More than 1,500 varieties of e-cigarettes are now available, including different looks, high-tech power settings and many flavors. All these make them more appealing to kids. In fact, e-cigarettes are more popular than convent

72、ional cigarettes among youth. All these should raise our alarm bells, he said.E-cigarettes were only recently regulated by the Food and Drug Administration. Largely manufactured overseas, the quality control process varies, he says. Without enough information to answer the long-term public health is

73、sues of e-cigarettes, researchers like Carpenter are aware of the importance of further studies on the latest tobacco trends. Combustible cigarettes have been around for many decades. E-cigarettes have not, and the science has a lot of questions left to answer, he said.41. Which of the following is

74、TRUE about Professor Carpenters experiment on e-cigarettes?A. The test groups include conventional smokers, e-smokers and non-smokers.B. E-cigarettes expose smokers to fewer poisonous substances.C. Many participants dont think e-cigarettes as good as traditional ones.D. It is one of the few studies

75、to test the effects of smoking.42. After reading the passage, we may infer that_.A. most e-cigarette smokers will finally give up smokingB. there are more e-smokers than traditional smokes in the USAC. many adolescents are attracted to e-cigarettes due to their low pricesD. carpenter is worried abou

76、t the e-cigarettes popularity among children43. What can be concluded from the last paragraph?A. E-cigarettes are faced with many problems and need more study.B. The U. S. government should strengthen its regulation over e-cigarettes.C. Smokers should be cautious because of e-cigarettes low quality.

77、D. Researchers are concerned about e-cigarettes harm to peoples health.44. What is the structure of the passage?_（to represent Paragraphs 1 to 7）A. B. C. D. 【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着电子烟越来越流行,越来越少的人开始吸传统香烟。但是电子烟,一个电子尼古丁递送系统,能帮助人们完全戒烟吗?答案可能是肯定的。南卡罗莱纳医科大学的教授马修卡彭特（Matthew Carpent

78、er）领导的一项研究发现,电子烟民倾向于减少吸烟,并增加戒烟的次数，但电子烟面临着许多问题,需要更多的研究。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中E-cigarettes offer significantly less exposure to harmful toxicants and therefore are safer可知电子烟使吸烟者暴露在更少的有毒物质中。故选B。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句It is important to protect non-smokers, particularly adolescents, from starting any nic

79、otine-containing product. （重要的是要保护非吸烟者，特别是青少年，远离任何含有尼古丁的产品。）可知carpenter担心电子烟在儿童中的受欢迎程度。故选D。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Combustible cigarettes have been around for many decades. E-cigarettes have not, and the science has a lot of questions left to answer, he said.（可燃香烟已经存在了几十年。他说，电子烟没有，科学上还有很多问题需要回答。）可知电子

80、烟面临着许多问题,需要更多的研究。故选A。【44题详解】推理判断题。纵览全文可知第一段和最后一段是总写电子烟,第二三四段主要介绍了电子烟的好处、五六段介绍了电子烟不适合儿童,所以文章的结构是B选项。故选B。DAttitudes Wired in Happy and Successful BrainsIve carefully examined happy and successful people from all different professions actors, scientists, comedians, musicians, etc. They share very simil

81、ar philosophies. Here are some of the fundamental attitudes and beliefs that contribute to their happiness and success: This is one of the most commonly recited mottos in self-improvement. Individuals who see their mistakes and failures as a learning experience are much more prone to happiness and s

82、uccess.When we adopt the belief that “failure is a part of learning,” we become moreresilientand courageous in the face of new challenges.Instead of avoiding situations where we may embarrass ourselves, we embrace these challenges in life, even when we know they can be risky and painful. When we do

83、fail, we dont see it as the end of the world, but a point to improve upon. Many people are great at finding problems and being critical about their lives; however, they do this without ever suggesting a possible solution or alternative to their situation.They complain about this and that, but they n

84、ever take an active role to actually improve these things. They focus on problems not to learn from them or fix them, but to make excuses for why their lives are miserable and unpleasant.I believe acknowledging problems in life is important. I dont recommend that we ignore things in our life that di

85、sturb us or make us unhappy. However, its also important to think of ways we can actually respond to these problems and change our circumstances.Ruminating over problems in our life without a plan to take action is not only a waste of time, but it makes us even more sad and depressed. If youre going

86、 to be critical about something in your life, focus on the ways you can actually make a difference. Happy and successful people are incredibly grateful for their lives and everything they have: their relationships, their home, their job, their possessions, their talents, their achievements, etc.Alth

87、ough successful people are often thought of as always hungry and striving always trying to improve things, achieve their goals, and make things better this inner drive doesnt take away from the fact they are very happy and content with their lives.Gratitude is an irreplaceable characteristic of true

88、 happiness and success. Even if we achieve great things in life, without gratitude we often find ourselves empty and discontent. Make sure you take the time to reflect on how lucky you are as a person (I believe everyone can find something to be grateful for). Happy and successful individuals know t

89、hat we can learn a lot from other happy and successful individuals. Having peopled to look up to is a great resource for learning the beliefs and habits that contribute to other peoples success, and then modeling those beliefs and habits in our own lives.If you want to improve a particular area of y

90、our life, then find a couple of people who already excel in that area of life. Study them. Ask them questions. Have them show you their technique and share their stories.The more willing you are to learn from others, the more successful you will be. Talking and listening to others is one of the best

91、 ways to get more perspective into what you want to improve in life and how you can do it.Please add a comment at the bottom of this page or blog in our forum here. Please do not use apostrophes in your comments._45_What does the underlined word “resilient” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. depressedB

92、. regretfulC. romanticD. flexible_46_The author thinks if one merely focuses on problems, hell _.Afind out a way to solve problems Bignore complaints about problemsCuse the problems as his excusesDacknowledge and solve problems_47_People with gratitude _.Afeel satisfied with his lifeBstop struggling

93、 in lifeCowe success to their own talentsDreflect on their achievements_48_The successful people may possess the following attitudes EXCEPT _.Agratitude and beliefBcourage and riskCwillingness and luckinessDfortune and convention_49_Choose the following sub-headings for Parts and .a. Learn from othe

94、rs b. Show your gratitudec. Focus on solutions d. Learn from failureAa b c dBd c b aCd a b cDa c b d_50_Which of the following can be used to support the concept “Show your gratitude”？A“He is a wise man who does not sigh for the things which he has not, but appreciates forthose which he has.” Epicte

95、tusB“We think too small. Like the frog at the bottom of the well. He thinks the sky is only asbig as the top of the well. If he surfaced, he would have an entirely different view.” Mao Tse-TungC“Keep away from people who try to belittle your ambitions. Small people always do that, butthe really grea

96、t make you feel that you, too, can become great.” Mark TwainD“Failure is the foundation of success, and the means by which it is achieved. Success is the hiding-place of failure; but who can tell when the turning-point will come?” Lao Tzu【答案】45. D 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. B 50. A【解析】试题分析：本文讲述的是如何成为一个幸福

97、成功的人。【45题详解】D 考查词义猜测题。根据第三段提到When we adopt the belief that “failure is a part of learning,” we become moreresilientand courageous in the face of new challenges当我们了解到失败是学习的一部分，我们在面对新的挑战时变得更灵活和更勇敢，故选D项。【46题详解】C 考查细节理解题。根据第六段提到They focus on problems not to learn from them or fix them, but to make excus

98、es for why their lives are miserable and unpleasant.他们聚焦在问题上而不是从中学习或者解决问题，而是当作是他们生活痛苦不幸的借口，故选C项。【47题详解】A 考查细节理解题。根据第十一段提到Even if we achieve great things in life, without gratitude we often find ourselves empty and discontent.即使生活中我们取得了成就，没有感恩，我们常常会发现自己很空虚而不满意。反过来说就是：怀着感恩的人对自己的生活感到满意。故选A项。【48题详解】D 考查

99、细节理解题。从第一段“Here are some of the fundamental attitudes and beliefs that contribute to their happiness and success: 以下是一些基本的态度和信念，有助于人们获得幸福，取得成功：”顺次往下找。第小标题下的内容中有“belief, risky, courageous”；第小标题下的内容中有“gratitude, lucky” ；第小标题下的内容中有“willing”。故选D项。【49题详解】B 考查排序题。根据第三段提到When we adopt the belief that “fail

100、ure is a part of learning,”从失败是学习的一部分， 可知这段的标题是从失败中学习；根据第六段提到They focus on problems not to learn from them or fix them, but to make excuses for why their lives are miserable and unpleasant可知集中在问题本身；根据 Happy and successful people are incredibly grateful for their lives可知讲感恩；根据 后面提到Happy and successfu

101、l individuals know that we can learn a lot from other happy and successful individuals向别人学习，故选B项。【50题详解】A 考查细节理解题。题目中问到哪个内容来支持一个观点，感恩，故选A他是一个不为自己没有的事物唉声叹气，而为自己拥有的事物喜悦的智者。考点 ：日常生活类阅读第五部分 七选五阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. _51_ By helping them develop classic ski

102、lls that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1. CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious. Encourage kids to cook with you. Ask kids, What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time? And then try them out. _52_ What could we try next time?2. Creat

103、ivityTrue creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. _53_ Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3. Interpersonal Skills

104、Understanding how others feel can be so challenge for kids. We know whats going on inside our own head, but what about others? _54_ We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories. Why do you think shes crying? Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face? If

105、someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?4. Self ExpressionBeing able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill. _55_. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better?B. And we cant ignore science educa

106、tion.C. There are a dozen different things you can do with them.D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?E. Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions.F. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop thi

107、s skill.G. There are many ways to express thoughts and ideasmusic, acting, drawing, building, photography【答案】51. D 52. A 53. C 54. E 55. G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。如何帮助孩子发展他们的技能。一是培养孩子的好奇心，二是培养孩子的创造力，三是培养孩子的交际技能，四是要学会表达自己的思想和想法。【51题详解】根据上文By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no ma

108、tter what the future holds.（通过帮助他们发展经典技能，无论未来如何，这些技能都将很好地为他们服务。）可知上文是在说明如何去应对未来的工作。故选D：那么我们如何帮助我们的孩子为还不存在的工作做准备呢?代入文章语境通顺，故选D。【52题详解】根据上文Ask kids, What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time? And then try them out.（问孩子们，“我们下次可以添加什么成分来做这些煎饼更好?”然后试一试。）中ingredient可对应到A选

109、项中those ingredients，故选A“那些配料使煎饼更好吃了吗?”。【53题详解】根据上文We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.（我们可以给孩子们以新的方式思考材料的机会。）中new ways可对应到C选项中的them,表示“你可以用它们做很多不同的事情。”符合语境，故选C。【54题详解】根据上文We know whats going on inside our own head, but what about others?（我们知道自己脑袋里在想什么，但别人呢?）可知是在说明要理解他人，故E选项

110、“能够读懂别人可以帮助孩子们不会错误地理解一个情况，跳到错误的结论。”故选E。【55题详解】根据上文Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.（能够以一种有意义的方式交流思想是一项有价值的技能。）可知是在强调学会表达自己，故G选项“表达思想和想法的方式有很多音乐、表演、绘画、建筑、摄影。”符合语境。故选G。【点睛】七选五做题技巧。做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不

111、准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。如第一小题，根据上文By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.（通过帮助他们发展经典技能，无论未来如何，这些技能都将很好地为他们服务。）可知上文是在说明如何去应对未来的工作。故选D：那么我们如何帮助我们的孩子为还不存在的工作做准备呢?代入文章语境通顺，故选D。第六部分短文填空Fabien Cou

112、steau was born with deep love for the ocean. His grandfather and his father were ocean _56_(explore) and documentary filmmakers. Today, Fabien _57_(follow) his familys footstep,tryingto protect the planets endangered ocean life and to reach a _58_between environmental problems and market economies.F

113、abien is well known for his study of sharks. In 2001,he created a TV special based on the shark attacks that _59_(occur) along the New Jersey shoreline in 1916. Then in 2003, _60_the help of a large crew, Fabien created a shark submarine that enabled him to put _61_(he) inside the shark world. For t

114、he next four years, Fabien was part of a series called Ocean Adventures, _62_ offered a rare look into some of the most fantastic ocean species. In 2010, Fabien and his team spent 31 days underwater to discover _63_climate change and pollution which are affecting the oceans.Fabien is _64_(current) w

115、orking on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31, as well as _65_(build) an Ocean Learning Center to provide children with the opportunity to learn about oceans.【答案】56. explorers 57. follows 58. balance 59. occurred 60. with 61. himself 62. which 63. the 64. currently 65. building【解析】

116、这是一篇说明文。介绍了一个海洋爱好者Fabien Cousteau，为追随家人的脚步，试图保护地球上濒临灭绝的海洋生物的事迹。【56题详解】考查名词的数。句意：他的祖父和父亲是海洋探险家和纪录片制片人。根据下文and documentary filmmakers可知应填名词复数形式explorers。【57题详解】考查动词时态。句意：如今，Fabien追随家人的脚步，试图保护地球上濒临灭绝的海洋生物。根据上文Today可知描述目前的情况用一般现在时，主语为Fabien，故填follows。【58题详解】考查名词。句意：如今，Fabien追随家人的脚步，试图保护地球上濒临灭绝的海洋生物，并在环境

117、问题和市场经济之间取得平衡。固定短语reach a balance “达到平衡”故填名词balance。【59题详解】考查动词时态。句意：2001年，他根据1916年发生在新泽西海岸线上的鲨鱼袭击事件制作了一个电视特别节目。根据下文in 1916可知为一般过去时，故填occurred。【60题详解】考查介词。句意：然后在2003年，在一大批船员的帮助下，Fabien造了一艘鲨鱼潜艇，使他能够把自己置身于鲨鱼世界。短语with the help of“在的帮助下”，故填with。【61题详解】考查反身代词。根据上文enabled him to put可知是“使他能够把他自己置于鲨鱼世界”，故填h

118、imself。【62题详解】考查定语从句连接词。句意：在接下来的四年里，Fabien参加了一个名为“海洋探险”的系列活动，该活动让我们得以一窥一些最神奇的海洋物种。本句为定语从句修饰先行词a series，且先行词在从句中做主语，指物，故填关系代词which。【63题详解】考查冠词。句意：2010年，Fabien和他的团队在水下呆了31天，探索影响海洋的气候变化和污染。change为可数名词，此处特指“气候变化”故填the。【64题详解】考查副词。句意：Fabien目前正在拍摄一部关于使命31冒险故事的纪录片，并正在建设一个海洋学习中心，为孩子们提供学习海洋的机会。修饰动词work应用副词，故

119、填currently。【65题详解】考查动词时态。根据上文as well as表示“也；不但而且”，连接两个并列谓语，根据上文is currently working可知为现在进行时，故填building。第七部分词汇填空66. Mr. Smith was _（提拔）to a higher position last month, making every one of us happy.67. He is_（吹口响）happily when walking.68. He was extremely tired but _（在其他方面） in good health.69. This city

120、 was believed to have been _（逐渐地）covered by sandstorm.70. Everyone thinks that it _（不同于）from many Western languages.【答案】66. promoted 67. whistling 68. otherwise 69. gradually 70. differs【解析】考查单词拼写。【66题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：史密斯先生上个月被提升到一个更高的职位，我们每个人都很高兴。根据上文was可知为一般过去时的被动语态，故填promoted。【67题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：他走路

121、时高兴地吹着口哨。根据上文is可知为现在进行时，故填whistling。【68题详解】考查副词。句意：他非常累，但身体很好。表示“在其他方面”填otherwise。【69题详解】考查副词。句意：人们认为这座城市已逐渐被沙尘暴所覆盖。修饰动词cover应用副词，故填gradually。【70题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：每个人都认为它不同于许多西方语言。根据上文thinks可知为一般现在时，且从句主语为it，故填differs。第八部分 书面表达（满分30分）71.假定你是李华。你在肯尼亚的网友Chris擅长长跑，请你用英语给他写封邮件，建议他来中国参加马控松(marathon)比赛。内容包括

122、1. 写信原因:2. 你的建议:3. 你能帮他做什么。注意:1. 词数100左右:2. 可话当增加细节，以使行文连贯3. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Chris, How are you doing in Kenya?_What do you think of my suggestion? Looking forward to your reply!【答案】Dear Chris， How are you doing in Kenya？Nowadays more and more Africans are enthusiastic about coming to China

123、to take part in marathons held in different citiesThey can not only make a large number of new friends here but also win a great deal of prize money if they have the ability to win the marathons So far as I know， you spend two hours or so practicing running every day and you are especially good at l

124、ong-distance running， so why dont you come compete in marathons held in China？ If so，you are likely to be a marathons winner and take away much prize money Besides， I will show you around and take you to some places of interest in China What do you think of my suggestion？ Looking forward to your rep

125、ly! Yours，Li Hua【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文写作。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封邮件；假定你是李华。你在肯尼亚的网友Chris擅长长跑，请你用英语给他写封邮件，建议他来中国参加马控松(marathon)比赛。内容包括：1. 写信原因；2. 你的建议；3. 你能帮他做什么。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：enthusiastic about（热情），take part in（参加），a large number of（许多）；be good at（擅长），be likely to（可能）等。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题

126、。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如They can not only make a large number of new friends here but also win a great deal of prize money if they have the ability to win the marathons运用了条件状语从句；So far as I know，you spend two hours or so practicing running every day and you are especially good at long-distance running，so why dont you come compete in marathons held in China？运用了并列句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。