1、Unit 4 Adversity and Courage课时素养检测 十五Unit 4Period 3. 阅读理解(2020三明高二检测)I was going to die in Antarctica. I was certain. An image of my frost-covered body, pale and lifeless, filled my mind as I glanced around. In all directions the empty wilderness of Antarctica stretched away from me, the only featur
2、e on the landscape being the division between snow and sky. I gazed sadly at my team. They were rapidly disappearing over the horizon. I was leading an expedition (探险队) attempting to reach the south pole. The team was made up of ordinary women from all around the worldfrom Jamaica, India, Singapore
3、and Cyprusmany of whom had never seen snow, or spent a night in a tent before we set off. Our aim was to be the most international all-female team to reach the South Pole. As I watched, the rest of the team had marched on, unaware that I was not with them. By the time I realized that my sledge was f
4、irmly stuck, the team were already a long way ahead of me. I called out to Era, my teammate from Brunei. “Era! Stop! ”Getting no response I called again, but my shouts were carried away in the opposite direction by the wind. Seconds passed. Nothing. I was gradually being left alone, completely defen
5、seless against the fatally low temperatures of Antarctica. My strength increased when I thought of a cold, lonely death. I pulled again my sledge, which moved a little. I removed the ice with my ski-pole and boot, desperately trying to break the sledge free. The sledge shot forward, knocking me off
6、balance. I struggled to my feet and set off after the team. I caught up just as Reena, my teammate from India, looked behind her and noticed there was one person missing. She swung around on her skis in shock and spotted me in the near distance. As we continued, my panic slowly faded. For the rest o
7、f the day each of the team was glancing over their shoulder every few minutes. They were not going to risk losing me again. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“我”带领一个国际女子探险队在南极探险, 途中“我”的雪橇被雪卡住, 以致掉队。后来“我”经过努力克服危机, 赶上了队伍的故事。1. What is special about the expedition team? A. They were all female. B. They were all prof
8、essional. C. They made the longest expedition. D. They had been strictly trained. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。从第二段内容可知作者带领的探险队是由来自世界各地的普通女性组成的, 因此A项正确。2. What made the author get her sledge out of the ice? A. The shouts from her teammates. B. Her strong desire to live. C. The sudden change in wind direction. D. Th
9、e natural beauty ahead. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知, 想到冰冷孤独的死亡使作者力量大增, 从而作者将雪橇从冰雪里拔了出来, 因此可以说是强大的求生欲望解救了作者。3. At last, each of the team members kept looking back to_. A. avoid being attacked from behindB. make sure that none fell behindC. check the distance they had coveredD. keep a record of the route
10、they took【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知, 每个人不停地回头看是为了保证没有人掉队。4. Which may be the best title of the passage? A. How to Survive in AntarcticaB. A Mysterious Trip to the South PoleC. A Female ExpeditionD. Being Left Behind in the Snow【解析】选D。标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了作者在一次南极探险中由于掉队而差点发生危险的经历。. 阅读填句根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白
11、处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。On any given day, many of us wrestle with our fears. We might be considering changing a job, telling someone we love them or wanting to speak up for whats right when we see injustice(不公正). 1Or it says that we dont have the ability to create the life or world we want to have. The
12、cycle often plays out in the same way. So, what should we do? 2Instead, we can choose to accept fear as part of the process of change and practice courage. Though courage is often thought of as an inborn character, its actually a practice that can be learned for dealing with difficulty. 3Here are tw
13、o useful tips for dealing with fear and moving closer to courage. Listen without attachment. Many of us who are stuck in fear have an inner critic(批评家), constantly telling us well fail. Sometimes we adopt approaches to removing it. 4However, if we can take time to listen to our inner critic without
14、attachmentwithout the need to ignore or accept what it is sayingwere in a better position to learn from it. 5Creating courageous communities gives us the support to face challenges. Sometimes our stories get in our way, and we need people who are doing similar work to help us see where were getting
15、stuck or what were truly good at. A. Fear shows up in the body. B. Youll be more likely to make the changes. C. In other words, courage can become a habit. D. Dont see fear as bad or try to remove it when it arises. E. But a voice within us pipes up saying that theres no point. F. While we can get t
16、emporary relief, they dont actually make the critic go away. G. Surround yourself with like-minded people who also honor the values of courage. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何获取勇气来战胜内心的恐惧。1. 【解析】选E。根据空后“Or it says that we dont have the ability to create the life or world we want to have. ”可知答案, 其中的it即E项中的“
17、a voice within us”. 2. 【解析】选D。根据空后的“Instead, we can choose to accept fear as part of the process of change and practice courage. ”可知, 作者不赞成“把恐惧看成不好的事情并在它一出现时就消灭它”的做法, 并给出了“接受恐惧并锻炼胆量”的建议。3. 【解析】选C。本空是对上一句“its actually a practice that can be learned for dealing with difficulty”的进一步说明。4. 【解析】选F。上一句指出,
18、有时候我们采取一些策略来消灭它, 但是作者认为这只是暂时的解脱, 并不能真正地赶走这个批评家。5. 【解析】选G。根据本段内容可知, 作者给出的建议是: 与同样珍视勇气的人在一起。本空后的句子中“courageous communities”即指G项中提到的“like-minded people who also honor the values of courage, ”故选G项。. 完形填空A Love Note to My MomWhen I was a little girl, I would often accompany you as you modeled for fashion
19、 photographers. It was years later that I finally understood what role 1played in your life. Little did I know you were saving every penny you earned to go to 2 school. I cannot thank you enough for what you told me one autumn afternoon when I was nine. After finishing my homework, I wandered into t
20、he dining room where you were buried 3piles of law books. I was 4. Why were you doing 5 I domemorizing textbooks and studying for 6? When you said you were in law school, I was more puzzled. I didnt know Moms could be lawyers too. You smiled and said, “In life, you can do anything you want to do. ”A
21、s young as I was, that statement 7 ringing in my ears. I watched as you faced the 8 of completing your studies, starting companies with Dad, while still being a model and a Mom of five kids. I was exhausted just watching you 9. With your words of wisdom in my 10 mind, I suddenly felt unlimited freed
22、om to dream. My whole world 11. I set out to live my life filled with 12, seeing endless possibilities for personal and professional achievements. Your words became my motto. I13 found myself in the unique position of being either the first (woman doctor in Maryland) or one of the few women (chief m
23、edical reporters) in my field. I 14 strength every time I said, “Yes, Ill try that. ”Encouraged by your15, I have forged ahead (毅然前行) with my lifes journey, less afraid to make mistakes, and eagerly meeting each challenge. You did it, and now Im doing it. Sorry, got to run. So much to do, so many dr
24、eams to live. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者九岁时, 妈妈和她说了一句话: 一生中, 你可以做任何想做的事。虽然那时作者还小, 但这句话一直萦绕在她耳边。妈妈的言行一直激励着她, 伴她勇敢地渡过难关, 从容面对各种挑战, 实现她的人生梦想。1. A. studying B. running C. shooting D. modeling【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 很多年之后我才明白当模特在你生活中起的作用。studying学习; running跑; shooting射击; modeling当模特。根据上文的as you modeled for fas
25、hion photographers可知, 此处用“当模特“符合语境, model是原词复现, 故选D项。2. A. businessB. lawC. fashionD. medical【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我不知道你把你挣的每一分钱都存起来去法律学校念书。business商务; law法律; fashion时尚; medical医学。根据下文的where you were buried_piles of law books可知, 作者的妈妈要去学习法律, 故选B项。3. A. atB. toC. uponD. under【解析】选D。考查介词词义辨析。句意: 做完家庭作业后
26、, 我游逛到了餐厅, 在那儿我看见你埋头于法律书堆里。 at在; to向, 对于; upon在上; under在什么下。根据bury可判断, 此处用“在下”符合逻辑, 故选D项。4. A. amusedB. worriedC. puzzledD. disappointed【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 我很困惑。amused高兴的; worried担心的; puzzled困惑的; disappointed失望的。根据下文的When you said you were in law school, I was more puzzled. 可知, 此处用“困惑的“符合语境, puzzle
27、d是原词复现, 故选C项。5. A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where【解析】选A。考查连接词辨析。句意: 为什么你在做我做的事情背教科书, 为了考试而学习? what指代事物; that在宾语从句中无意义; which哪一个; where哪儿。分析句子可知, 此处是宾语从句连接词, 从句缺少宾语且指代事情, 应用连接代词what, 故选A项。6. A. rolesB. testsC. positionsD. shows【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 为什么你在做我做的事情背教科书, 为了考试而学习? roles角色; tests考试, 测试; positions
28、位置; shows表演。结合上下文可知, 作者当时九岁, 是一个学生, 所以需要背书和为考试而学习, 故选B项。7. A. fellB. stoppedC. keptD. beat【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我小的时候, 那句话一直萦绕在我耳边。 fell落下; stopped停止; kept保持, 一直; beat敲打。根据下文的Your words became my motto. 可推测, 作者一直记得妈妈给她说的那句话“你可以做任何你想做的事”, 故此处用“萦绕在耳边”符合语境, 故选C项。8. A. choicesB. chancesC. adversityD. chal
29、lenges【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我看着你面临着既要当模特又要当五个孩子的妈妈, 同时要完成学习以及和爸爸一起开公司的挑战。 choices选择; chances机会; adversity逆境; challenges挑战。结合下文的completing your studies, starting companies with Dad, while still being a model and a Mom of five kids可知此处用“挑战”符合语境, 且下文的and eagerly meeting each challenge也有暗示, challenge是原词复现
30、, 故选D项。9. A. in dangerB. in actionC. in troubleD. in charge【解析】选B。考查介词短语辨析。句意: 光看着你忙碌就让我很累。 in danger在危险中; in action在运转中; in trouble在麻烦中; in charge管理。根据上文的completing your studies, starting companies with Dad, while still being a model and a Mom of five kids可知, 作者的妈妈时时刻刻都在做事, 一直都在运转、忙碌, 故选B项。10. A. s
31、elfishB. powerfulC. youthfulD. empty【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 有你明智的话在我年轻的心灵里, 我突然感到有无限的自由可以做梦。selfish自私的; powerful强大的; youthful年轻的; empty空的。根据上文的As young as I was, that statement _ringing in my ears. 可知, 此处用“年轻的”符合语境, young和youthful是同义复现, 故选C项。11. A. opened upB. closed down C. went byD. came back【解析】选A。考
32、查动词短语辨析。句意: 我的整个世界都开阔了。opened up打开, 展开; closed down关闭; went by经过; came back回来。根据下文的seeing endless possibilities for personal and professional achievements可知, 此处用“开阔/展开”符合语境, 故选A项。12. A. perseveranceB. hardshipC. harmonyD. hope【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我开始过充满希望的生活, 看到了个人成就和职业成就的无限可能性。perseverance毅力; hardsh
33、ip困难; harmony和谐; hope希望。根据下文的seeing endless possibilities for personal and professional achievements可知, 此处用“希望”符合语境, 故选D项。13. A. constantlyB. shortlyC. fortunatelyD. nearly【解析】选A。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 我不断地发现我处于一个独特的位置, 要么是马里兰州的第一位女医生, 要么是我所在领域中为数不多的首席医学女发言人之一。constantly不断地; shortly立刻; fortunately幸运地; nearly几
34、乎。结合上下文可知, 此处是指作者明白了妈妈的话之后, 开始不断看到她人生的奇迹, 故选A项。14. A. offeredB. madeC. acquiredD. refused【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 每一次我说“是的, 我要尝试”时我都会获得力量。offered提供; made制作; acquired获得; refused拒绝。结合句意可知, 此处是指作者每次决定尝试某事时都会获得力量, 故选C项。15. A. descriptionB. praise C. statementD. introduction【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 受到你的话的鼓励, 我在生活的
35、旅途中毅然前行, 不害怕犯错, 渴望迎接每一个挑战。description描述; praise表扬; statement话; introduction介绍。根据上文的that statement_ringing in my ears可知, 此处用“statement”符合语境, statement是原词复现。. 语法填空Over 2, 200 years ago, Chengdu was threatened by frequent floods. Li Bing, together with his son, decided to construct an irrigation system
36、 on the Minjiang River 1. (prevent) flooding. 2. _having a long study and a lot of hard work by the local people, the great Dujiangyan Irrigation System was completed. Since then, the Chengdu Plain has been free of flooding and the people 3. _(live) peacefully and wealthily. It is the 4. _(old) and
37、only surviving no-dam irrigation system in the world. It is also 5. wonder in the development of Chinese science. The project consists of three important parts, namely Yuzui, Feishayan and Baopingkou, which were 6. (science) designed to control the water flow of the rivers throughout the year. There
38、 is a glorious bridge called the Anlan Cable Bridge crossing the Minjiang River above Yuzui, 7. you can clearly see the entire system. The great 8. _ (construct) originally started before the Song Dynasty. At that time, the body of the bridge was constructed with wooden blocks and the handrails(扶手)w
39、ere made of bamboo. Recently the wood and bamboo have been replaced with steel and concrete to guarantee the security of 9. _(visit) from home and abroad. Seen from afar, the bridge looks like a rainbow 10. (hang) over the river. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了成都都江堰水利工程的建造过程、世界地位、历史价值以及该工程的现状。1. 【解析】to prevent。
40、考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知, 李冰和他的儿子在岷江设计灌溉系统的目的是阻止洪水在成都泛滥, 故此处应用动词不定式表示目的。2. 【解析】After。考查介词。在经过长期调研和地方群众的许多努力之后, 都江堰水利工程完工。after意为“在之后”, 符合语境。3. 【解析】have been living。考查时态。句意: 从那时起, 成都平原不再受洪水侵扰, 人们一直过着和平、富裕的生活。根据该句中的Since then和has been可知此处用现在完成进行时。4. 【解析】oldest。考查形容词最高级。根据该句中的the 和in the world可知, 都江堰水利工程是世界上现存最古
41、老的无坝水利工程, 故用最高级。5. 【解析】a。考查不定冠词。句意: 它也是中国科学发展史上的一个奇迹。这里泛指“一个奇迹”, 故用不定冠词。6. 【解析】scientifically。考查副词。空处修饰动词, 故用副词形式。7. 【解析】where。考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知, 该句为非限制性定语从句, 关系词在从句中作地点状语, 故用where 引导该定语从句。8. 【解析】construction。考查名词, 根据空前的形容词“great”可以判断空处被形容词修饰, 故用名词形式。9. 【解析】visitors。考查名词的数。这里指“保证国内外游客的安全”, 故用名词的复数形式。1
42、0. 【解析】hanging。考查非谓语动词。句意: 从远处看, 这座桥就像是悬挂在岷江上方的彩虹。空处与rainbow存在逻辑上的主谓关系, 故用现在分词。完形填空(2020潍坊高二测试)The snow trapped Taylor, but taco sauce (卷饼酱) saved his life. It all began last Sunday when Taylor, along with his dog, went to get gas for his 1, according to the Sheriffs Office. Taylor told the police h
43、is car got 2 in the snow. After some time, he then 3and woke up on Monday finding 4 more snow, unable to get out of the vehicle (车辆). He tried to 5 out on Monday, but the snow was too deep and made it 6 to go on foot so he and his dog 7 to the vehicle. By Wednesday, a8 persons announcement was put o
44、ut for Taylor, according to a report. Over the next few days 9 he was trapped in the snow, Taylor told the police he stayed 10 by “starting his car from time to time. He 11 some of the taco sauce he had as food”. On Friday, a skater called 911 saying they had12 Taylor. The office soon sent a constru
45、ction truck to 13 out Taylor and his dog. The officers said they were just “hungry after being stuck in the 14 for five days”. Taylor was 15 to who helped him and determined to help others as possible as he could in future. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一人一狗开车去加油却身陷大雪之中, 积雪深厚无法前行, 他们只能靠现有的条件保证生存, 直到5天之后被人发现才终
46、于获救的故事。1. A. truck B. bus C. car D. boat【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 一切都始于上周日, Taylor带着他的狗去给他的车加油。truck卡车; bus公交车; car汽车; boat船。下文中多次出现his car, 所以事件是关于他的汽车。故选C项。2. A. brokenB. stuckC. lostD. changed【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: Taylor告诉警方他的车困在雪里了。broken破碎的; stuck卡住的; lost丢失的; changed改变的。根据下文中“he was trapped in the sn
47、ow”, 可知是指车陷在了雪里, get stuck意为“卡住”。故选B项。3. A. fell asleepB. took risksC. tried outD. kept on【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 过了一段时间, 他睡着了, 然后在周一醒过来, 发现雪更大了。fell asleep睡着; took risks冒险; tried out尝试; kept on坚持。与下文的woke up对应可知, 是指他睡着了。故选A项。4. A. alsoB. almostC. stillD. even【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 过了一段时间, 他睡着了, 然后在周一醒过来,
48、发现雪更大了。also也; almost几乎; still仍然; even甚至。下文指出他已经不能从车里出来了, 可以推断雪下得更大了, 要用even表示句意的递进。故选D项。5. A. putB. callC. breakD. walk【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 他在周一尽力想走出来, 但雪太深了很难步行。put(out)扑灭, 伸出; call(out)叫喊; break(out)爆发; walk(out)走出。下文表明雪太深了, 可见是很难走出去的。故选D项。6. A. difficultB. boringC. cruelD. possible【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析
49、。句意: 他在周一尽力想走出来, 但雪太深了很难步行。difficult困难的; boring无聊的; cruel残忍的; possible可能的。既然是雪太深了, 想要在上面步行应该是比较艰难的。故选A项。7. A. returnedB. pointedC. tendedD. appealed【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 所以他和他的狗回到了车上。returned返回; pointed指向; tended趋向于; appealed吸引。承接前文情节, 发现雪中走路很困难, Taylor应该会选择回到车上再想办法。故选A项。8. A. learningB. workingC. mis
50、singD. traveling【解析】选C。考查形容词辨析。句意: 根据报道, 到周三一份寻找Taylor的启事就被贴了出来。 learning学习的; working工作的; missing失踪的; traveling旅行的。结合语境可知, Taylor从周日出去, 到周三已经好几天没有回去了, 自然会被人认为是失踪了。故选C项。9. A. untilB. afterC. beforeD. unless【解析】选B。考查连词。句意: 在Taylor被困到雪中后接下来的几天里。 until直到; after之后; before之前; unless除非。从下文中描述的“求生过程”来看, 这些事
51、都发生在Taylor被困在雪中之后。故选B项。10. A. cleanB. cosyC. warmD. mild【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 他告诉警方说他通过一遍遍地给车打火来保持温暖。clean干净的; cosy舒适的; warm温暖的; mild温和的。结合语境可知, Taylor被困在严寒大雪中是一定要保障温度和食物的。故选C项。11. A. boughtB. ateC. madeD. borrowed【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 他把带的卷饼酱当作食物来吃。bought购买; ate吃掉; made制作; borrowed借用。既然是as food“作为食物”,
52、 显然是吃掉了。故选B项。12. A. seenB. savedC. knownD. paid【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 周五, 一个滑雪者拨打了911说他们发现了Taylor。seen看见; saved拯救; known知道; paid付钱。滑雪者报告警方就是因为看到了Taylor。故选A项。13. A. sendB. digC. pickD. tick【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 警方立刻派一辆工程车去把Taylor和他的狗挖出来。 send(out)发送; dig(out)挖出来; pick(out)挑出; tick(out)打勾。联系前文车辆困在雪里的事实, 这里
53、应该指要把车从雪里挖出来。故选B项。14. A. expeditionB. typhoonC. thunderstormD. snow【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 警官说他们只是“在雪里困了5天后很饿”。expedition探险, 远征; typhoon台风; thunderstorm雷雨; snow雪。显然这里指在大雪中被困了五天。故选D项。15. A. desperateB. genuineC. thankfulD. ashamed【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: Taylor对帮助他的人很感激。desperate绝望的; genuine真诚的; thankful感激的; ashamed羞愧的。于情于理Taylor都应该对于帮助他的人表示感谢, 毕竟是救了他的命。故选C项。
