1、阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Tim Richter and his wife, Linda, had taught for over 30 years near Buffalo, New Yorkhe in computers, she in special education. “Teaching means everything to us, Tim would say. In April 1998, he learned he would need a heart operation. It was the kind of news that
2、 leads to some serious thinking about lifes purpose. Not long after the surgery, Tim saw a brochure describing Imagination Library, a program started by Dolly Partons foundation(基金会) that mailed a book every month to children from birth to age five in the singers home town of Sevier, Tennessee. “I t
3、hought, maybe Linda and I could do something like this when we retire, “ Tim recalls. He placed the brochure on his desk, “as a reminder. Five years later, now retired and with that brochure still on the desk, Tim clicked on imaginationlibrary. com. The program had been opened up to partners who cou
4、ld take advantage of book and postage discounts. The quality of the books was of great concern to the Richters. Rather than sign up online, they went to Dollywood for a look-see. “We didnt want to give the children rubbish, says Linda. The booksreviewed each year by teachers, literacy specialists, a
5、nd Dollywood board membersincluded classics such as Ezra Jack Keatss The Snowy Day and newer books like Anna Dewdneys Llama Llama series. Satisfied, the couple set up the Richter Family Foundation and got to work. Since 2004, they have shipped more than 12, 200 books to preschoolers in their area. M
6、egan Williams, a mother of four, is more than appreciative:“This program introduces us to books Ive never heard of.The Richters spend about $400 a month sending books to 200 children. “Some people sit there and wait to die, “ says Tim. “Others get as busy as they can in the time they have left. 1. W
7、hat led Tim to think seriously about the meaning of life? A. His health problem. B. His love for teaching.C. The influence of his wife.D. The news from the Web.2. What did Tim want to do after learning about Imagination Library? A. Give out brochures. B. Do something similar.C. Write books for child
8、ren.D. Retire from being a teacher.3. According to the text, Dolly Parton is.A. a well-known surgeonB. a mother of a four-year-oldC. a singer born in Tennessee D. a computer programmer4. Why did the Richters go to Dollywood? A. To avoid signing up online.B. To meet Dollywood board members.C. To make
9、 sure the books were the newest.D. To see if the books were of good quality.5. What can we learn from Tims words in the last paragraph? A. He needs more money to help the children.B. He wonders why some people are so busy.C. He tries to save those waiting to die.D. He considers his efforts worthwhil
10、e.【参考答案】15、 ABCDD阅读理解。Everybody is happy as his pay rises. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying beli
11、ef that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. But a study by Sarah Brosnan of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of fe
12、male brown monkeys. They look smart. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doct
13、or Brosnans study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens (奖券) for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could obser
14、ve what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different. In the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of c
15、ucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring abou
16、t dissatisfaction in a female monkey.The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of anger when unfairly t
17、reated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had
18、35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. 1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Only monkeys and humans can have the sense of fairness in the world. B. Women will show more dissatisfaction than men when unfairly treated. C. In the wild, monkeys ar
19、e never unhappy to share their food with each other.D. Monkeys can exchange cucumbers for grapes, for grapes are more attractive. 答案解析：答案为B。本题为推断题，考生需通读全文进行推断。本文讲述了当受到不公平待遇的时候，每个人都会生气，包括动物。但是雌性的动物比雄性的动物更加在意不公平的待遇，研究中用猴子作为实验来证明这一点。文章中第二段 “Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much clo
20、ser attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.” 与第三段 “Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnans study.” 都有此表达，故答案为B “当受到不公平待遇的时候，女性比男性更加不满”。 从最后一段 “Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whethe
21、r such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.”中可知，independently (独立)对应A选项中的only，whetheroran unanswered question（是否或者未知的问题）的表达方式与A选项的意思 “只有猴子与人类才具有公平意识” 不同，故A选
22、项是错误的。从第三段 “Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.”可知，猴子乐意用石块交换黄瓜
23、，但是当看到另外一只猴子因为石块得到的回报，态度就不一样了。因此C选项 “猴子从不会不高兴彼此分享食物” 与该句意思不符。从第四段首句 “In the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers).” 中注意 “excellent (极好的)” 与 “ preferable(更好的)” 两词，与D选项 “for grapes are more attractive（更具有吸引力的）” 意思不一致。综上分析，A, C, D都不符合文章意思。2. The underlined state
24、ment “it is all too monkey” means that _. A. monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows B. feeling bitter at unfairness is also monkeys nature C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings 答案解析：答案为B。本题为句意推断题。结合文章第一段中 “all too human
25、”前面的内容是说当得知别人懒惰却加薪更多的时候，人人都会生气，这是人的本能。接下来提到的 “it is all too monkey” 也是表达 “猴子受到不公平待遇的时候感到痛苦也是猴子的本能。”的意思。故答案为B。A选项 “猴子对懒惰的同伴也会生气”, C选项 “猴子像人类一样会彼此嫉妒”, D选项 “除了猴子没有其他的动物会有那种感觉” 都与文章意思不符。3. Female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are _ . A. more likely to weigh
26、what they get B. attentive to researchers instructions C. nice in both appearance and behaviorsD. more ready to help others than their male companions 答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推理题。从文章中第二段 “Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than mal
27、es.” 与第三段 “Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnans study.” 可知，雌性的猴子作为实验是因为她们比雄性的猴子更加关注 “物品与服务” 的价值。A选项 “她们更有可能掂量（weigh）她们得到的”, 与上述分析意思一致，故答案为A。B和D在文章中都未提到；C并不是根本的原因。来源:4. Which of the following conclusions is TRUE according to the passage? A. Human beings feelings of ange
28、r are developed from the monkeys. B. In the research, male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others. C. Co-operation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated. D. Only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness which dates back to 35 million years ago. 答案解析：答案
29、为C。本题为细节理解题。从文章最后一段 “Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.” 可知，只有当每个动物感觉没有被欺骗的时候合作的态度才是坚定的”, C选项的意思 “意识到被欺骗之前猴子之间的合作非常坚定” 与上述分析一致。解答此题注意同义句的转换表达。A, B, D 与文章意思不符合。5. What can we infer about the monkeys in Sarahs study? A. The monkeys can be traine
30、d to develop social senses. B. They usually show their feelings openly as humans do.C. The monkeys may show their satisfaction with equal treatment. D. Co-operation among the monkeys remains effective in the wild. 答案解析：答案为C。本题为推断题。文章中说，猴子受到不公平待遇的时候会生气，这句话的意思就是C选项的表达 “猴子受到公平待遇的时候会满意”，故答案为C。解答此题仍然要注意推
31、理题设置的技巧：用不同的表达方式来表达同样的意思。从文章最后一段 “The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living.” 可知，猴子自身就有社会意识，而不是通过训练获得，故A错误。B，D在文章中未提及。 【2015高考复习】完形填空This was an unforgettable and wonderful experience.It happened about thr
32、ee years ago and it has had a_16_effect on me.I would like to show respect here for the two men I do not know _17_ but whose actions gave a new _18_ to the wordskind and generous.I was walking down a busy street on a cold，windy day in early _19_.A homeless man，probably about 60 and without wearing a
33、ny shoes，was _20_ for change on a street corner.A BMW car _21_ on the other side of the street and an executive(主管)who was perfectly dressed stepped out of the car.He was probably about _22_ years old.He was wearing a blue business suit with a deep red silk tie.He walked_23_ across the street and ov
34、er to the homeless man.Without saying anything，he first gave him a lot of _24_ and then he sat down and took off his leather gloves(手套)，beautiful black leather shoes and his black dress socks.Then he _25_ them to the homeless man.The homeless man took them and stared with a/an _26_ mouth.As he drove
35、 off，I couldnt _27_ thinking that it was probably the first time he had _28_ the pedal(踏板)of that topbrand BMW car with a _29_ foot！I stood there and the looks of _30_ appeared on my face and the homeless mans.Two men of about the same age _31_ very different lives had met and the one who was _32_ i
36、n materials had offered _33_ than his shoes.He had left this BMW car and _34_ down from his high position.He lifted up the other man when he offered respect，_35_and real generosity.【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。作者使用了倒叙的方法，记述了一个难忘且感人的故事。一位开宝马的富人慷慨地帮助了一位无家可归的同龄人，在帮助他的同时，又给了他充分的尊重，本故事再次诠释了慷慨和爱心的含义。16A.strong Bbad Clig
37、ht Dslow答案A从下文那感人的故事可以看出：这件事对我影响很大。have a strong effect on.对有很大影响。17A.officially Bpersonally Csimilarly Dgenerally答案B从下文可以推出：我本人(personally)不认识他们。18A.benefit Battitude Cmeaning Daward答案C作者认为：他们的行为赋予了善良和慷慨这两个词新的含义。A：利益；B：态度；C：意义；D：奖品，奖金，奖。19A.spring Bsummer Cautumn Dwinter答案D根据本句的“on a cold，windy day
38、”及第三段的“his leather gloves”可推知故事发生在初冬。20A.searching BmakingCblaming Dbegging答案D一位无家可归的大约60岁的老人，光着脚，正在街角乞讨。search for寻找，搜寻；make for走向；blame for该受责备，应负责；beg for乞求，乞讨。21A.called up Bbroke upCpulled up Dsped up答案C一辆宝马停在了街边。call up打电话给，召集，使想起；break up打碎，解散，(关系等)破裂；pull up(车)停下；speed up加速。22A.40 B50 C60 D7
39、0答案C由最后一段第一句中的“the same age”及第二段第二句中的“about 60”可知答案为C项。23A.directly Busually Cunwillingly Dfluently答案A那个人穿过大街径直向那乞讨的老人走去。A.径直地；B.时常；C.不愿意地；D.流利地。24A.money Bwater Csand Doil答案A由第二段最后一句中的“was begging for change”可知老人要零钱，所以开宝马的老人给他许多钱。25A.posted Bhanded Ckicked Dthrew答案B因为乞讨的老人就在身边，开宝马的老人又很尊重他，所以选hand“递
40、过去”。A.邮寄；B.递；C.踢；D.扔。26A.closed Bfull Copen Dempty答案C一个沿街乞讨的老人收到如此的恩惠，只能是眼睛瞪得大大的，张着嘴，看着对方。A.闭着的；B.满着的；C.张着的；D.空的。27A.stand Bdelay Cforget Dhelp答案Dcouldnt help doing意为“禁不住地做某事”。句意：我情不自禁地想。A.忍受；B.推迟；C.忘记。28A.bended Bcut Crepaired Dpressed答案D因为鞋和袜子都已经送人了，所以这也许是他第一次光着(bare)脚踩汽车的踏板。A.弯曲；B.砍，劈开；C.修理；D.按，压
41、。29A.relaxed Blarge Cbare Dsingle答案C因为鞋和袜子都已经送人了，所以只能是光着(bare)脚开宝马。A.放松的；B.大的；C.光着的；D.单一的。30A.excitement BastonishmentCsadness Dpride答案B句意：面对此情此景，我和乞讨老人都很吃惊(astonishment)。A.激动；B.吃惊；C.悲伤；D.骄傲。31A.but Bor Cand Dbefore答案A由文意：两位老人年龄相同，但生活是明显的不一样。32A.successful Bcareful Cuseful Dhelpful答案A开宝马的老人在物质方面是成功的
42、。careful小心的；useful有用的；helpful有帮助的，均与文意不符。33A.rather Bmore Cother Dbetter答案B句意：在物质上非常成功的那位老人不仅仅是给了对方一双鞋。言外之意，他还给对方其他东西，下文介绍了他还给了对方以尊重。rather than而不是；more than多于，超出，不止，不仅仅；other than除了之外；better than比好。34A.broken BfellCstepped Drolled答案C句意：老人从宝马车里出来，并放下(step down)自己高高在上的身份，帮助需要帮助的人。35A.surprise BdisappointmentCanxiety Dkindness答案D当开宝马的老人主动给予尊重、仁慈和真正的慷慨时，他也扶起了另一个人。
