1、Unit 5 Languages around the worldUnit 5 Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking1、Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit
2、 (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10, 000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to bec
3、ome farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caus
4、ed many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spo
5、ken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000 ; Africa 2, 400 ; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers
6、is a mere 6,000,which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6, 800 languages are close to extinction (消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexi
7、co (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had sim
8、ilar patterns. D. They were closely connected.2. Which of the following best explains dominant underlined in paragraph 2?A. Complex.B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modem.3. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A. About 6, 800. B. About 3,400.C. About 2,400. D. About 1,200.
9、2、Michael Jackson was on the road of performing when he was five years old. As is known to all, the road to fame and fortune is a long, hard one.Michael remembered those early years when he was young. “My father was a machine operator,” he explained, “and he worked at a steel plant. My mother worked
10、 at Sears, a big department store. But they were both musicians.”Michaels father Joe Jackson realized his sons had a lot of talent, and he knew he could train them to become fine musicians. In those days there were plenty of music groups and some of them were very good. He knew if his sons were to s
11、tand out, they would have to be the best.Practice makes perfect. And they practiced! Gradually the group took shape. Then word of this group began to get around. Thus Michael got a chance to do some solo(独唱） songs. In the following years, Michael was always on the top. One million records of his wer
12、e sold in New Zealand, which has only a total population of three million!When Michael was eighteen, he entered another field of his career(生涯）一acting. I plan to star in movies，” he told his friends, “but of course, my first love is music.” Michael wrote a lot of his own songs. “Songs came about in
13、the strangest ways,” he said. “Ill just wake up from sleeping and there is a whole song coming into my head. And then I put it down on the paper.”Still, with all his success, Michael managed to keep his head calm. “I just do a different job from other people,” he said, “but it doesnt make me think I
14、m better than other people.”To be quite honest, his fans just love to hear and watch him!1.What can we know from the text?A.Michael Jacksons parents enjoyed music a lot.B.Michaels mother worked in a factory when he was young.C.MichaeKs father spent a lot of time in drinking.D.Michael began to earn m
15、oney when he was only four years old.2.What did Joe Jackson realize?A.His children didnt need much practice.B.His children had little talent for being musicians.C.His children couldnt become famous if they werent the best.D.There were a small number of music groups in those days.3.Which of the follo
16、wing is true?A.All of Michaels songs were written by other people.B.Michael thought that he was much more clever than others.C.Michael began to act in films when he was five years old.D.A great number of New Zealanders bought a record of Michaels.4.Whats the main idea of the text?A.Why Michael was s
17、o popular all over the world.B.How the Jacksons became successful.C.How Mr. Jackson trained his children.D.How Michael became so popular all over the world.3、 How do young people learn best? This is something I think a lot when I am teaching foreign languages to young people. I often1 that tradition
18、al teaching 2 are hardly effective for young brains to learn a foreign language. After moving to southern Italy, I was3to have had the chance to4a private course teaching English to children under 7. I5children liked singing and enjoyed games so I wanted to use these6to help my students7English conv
19、ersation skills. I found some fun and8songs online, which they loved very much. I also found the English version of some nursery rhymes (童谣) they once were9with. All of them were very entertaining and helpful but10could still not have a basic11in English. I wanted these students to be 12 in the lang
20、uage I was teaching and I also wished them to speak it. I was eager to deliver 90% of my lessons in English.13, I knew it would be difficult to get them to talk in a foreign language they14speak outside our lessons. So I had to 15a simple yet effective plan. One day I decided to16a dialogue in Engli
21、sh and rather than simply getting students to repeat the phrases, I got them to chant (反复唱) 17 . I discovered that chanting was a practical way to get students to speak in English-it18 ! So when teaching English to young people now, I19them to make up their own chants to help them remember 20 or com
22、plex sentences.1. A. suggestB. knowC. findD. guess2. A. materialsB. processesC. attitudesD. methods3. A. anxiousB. luckyC. surprisedD. puzzled4. A. getB. offerC. meetD. run5. A. consideredB. realizedC. provedD. insisted6. A. activitiesB. toolsC. skillsD. lessons7. A. developB. practiceC. supportD. i
23、ncrease8. A. globalB. nativeC. equalD. easy9. A. popularB. familiarC. similarD. particular10. A. studentsB. teachersC. writersD. readers11. A. conversationB. performanceC. applicationD. contact12. A. experiencedB. interestedC. concernedD. puzzled13. A. BesidesB. ThereforeC. However D. Luckily14. A.
24、fairlyB. eagerlyC. nearlyD. seldom15. A. come up withB. put up withC. keep up withD. catch up with16. A. preparB. manageC. connectD. bring17. A. thatB. itC. oneD. them18. A. matteredB. valuedC. workedD. wondered19. A. persuadeB. encourageC. remindD. command20. A. expressionsB. conversationsC. course
25、sD. measures4、Im often asked how to study English effectively. I think this means getting the most out of your study time, and that means variety. _ Study Every DayIts important to study English every day. However, dont exaggerate (夸张)! _ This habit of studying English every day will help keep Engli
26、sh in your brain fresh.A Little Grammar, a Little Listening, a Little Reading, and a Little Writing _ Study a little grammar, then do a short listening exercise, and then read an article on the same topic. Dont do too much; twenty minutes on three different types of exercises is plenty! _ Give yours
27、elf one grammar goal when reading a new article or watching a new video. For example, try to write down each example of a form you are studying such as the present perfect. Use colored pens to highlight (使突出) forms that you are studying. Use Different Learning Methods Dont just use one way to study
28、English. Use many kinds of methods which will make all the parts of your brain help you. _ All of these methods together help with your learning. Find Some Friends You can practice the exercises together, have conversations together (in English), and, as you study English together, help each other w
29、ith exercises you may not understand.A. Forget GrammarB. Review Grammar as You Watch or ReadC. Here are some simple exercises to help you warm upD. Here are some basic ideas to help you as you study EnglishE. Study for thirty minutes every day instead of two hours once a week.F. Make sure that you s
30、tudy a number of areas rather than focusing on just oneG. For example, if you are learning new vocabulary, create a word map, describe a picture, make a list. 答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：BCB解析：1. B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers.they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between th
31、em.可知，在采猎文明时期，语言种类很多。2. C词义猜测题。根据上文提到的all have caused many languages to disappear和下文的 .such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在取代那些语言。由此猜测该词的意思是占优势的，所以选C项。3. B细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句At present, the world has about 6, 800 languages.和最后一句中的 .is a mere 6,000, which mean
32、s that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.可知，B项正确。 2答案及解析：答案：ACDD解析：1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ But they were both musicians.”可知，迈克尔杰克逊的父母非常喜欢音乐，故选 A项.2.C推理判断题。根据第三段可知Joe Jackson意识到那时 候有大量的音乐团体，且其中一些是非常优秀的，他们想要出 名，就必须是最好的，故选C项。3.D细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知C项错;根据第六 段中的“Michael wrote a lot of
33、 his own songs.”可知，A项错；根 据倒数第二段中的“but it doesnt make me think Im better than other people ”可知，B项错。根据第四段中的“ One million records of his were sold in New Zealand, which has only a total population of three million! ”可知 D 项正确，故选 D 项。4.D主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了 Michael如何一步一步走 向成功的。故选D项。A项侧重点是成功的原因；B项讲的 是the Jackson
34、s是如何成功的;C项侧重Mr. Jackson是如何训 练他的小孩的。 3答案及解析：答案：CDBDB BADBA ABCDA ADCBA解析：1.C句意: 我经常发现, 传统的教学方法对年轻人学习外语几乎没有什么效果。suggest建议; know知道; find 发现; guess猜测。故选C。2.D此处指传统的教学方法。teaching methods教学方法。material材料; process过程, 进程; attitude态度, 看法; method方法。故选D。3.B此处指作者很幸运, 有机会开设了一门私人课程, 教7岁以下的孩子学英语。anxious 焦虑的; lucky幸运
35、的; surprised感到惊讶的; puzzled困惑的。故选B。4.D此处指作者开设了一门私人课程。get得到; offer提供; meet 满足; run开设 (服务、课程等)。故选D。5.B作者意识到孩子们喜欢唱歌和玩游戏。consider考虑; realize 意识到; prove 证明; insist坚持。故选B。6.B作者想用这些工具来帮助学生发展英语会话技巧。activity 活动; tool工具; skill技能; lesson课程。故选B。7.A此处指发展学生的英语会话技巧。develop发展; practice练习; support支持; increase增加。故选A。8
36、.D此处指作者在网上找到了一些有趣且简单的歌曲。global全球的; native本地的; equal平等的; easy容易的。故选D。9.B句意: 我还发现了一些他们曾经熟悉的英文版的童谣。popular流行的; familiar熟悉的; similar相似的; particular 特别的。故选B。10.A句意: 它们全部都很有趣, 也很有帮助, 但是学生们仍然不能用英语进行基本的对话。student学生; teacher教师; writer作者; reader读者。故选A。11.A句意: 它们全部都很有趣, 也很有帮助, 但是学生们仍然不能用英语进行基本的对话。conversation交
37、谈; performance表演; application应用, 申请; contact接触, 联系。故选A。12.B句意: 我希望这些学生对我所教的语言感兴趣; experienced 熟练的; interested感兴趣的; concerned担心的; puzzled困惑的。故选B。13.C句意: 然而, 我知道要让他们用一种他们很少在课堂之外讲的外语进行交流是很困难的。besides除此之外; therefore因此; however然而; luckily幸好。故选C。14.D句意: 见上题。fairly 相当地; eagerly急切地; nearly差不多; seldom很少。故选D。
38、15.A句意: 所以我必须想出一个简单而有效的计划。come up with 提出, 想出; put up with容忍, 忍受; keep up with跟上, 并驾齐驱; catch up with赶上, 追上。故选A。16.A此处指作者决定用英语来准备对话。prepare准备; manage 管理; connect连接; bring带来。故选A。17.D此处指作者让他们反复唱这些词组。用them指代前边提到的phrases, 故选D。18.C此处指它起作用了。matter要紧; value重视; work起作用; wonder想知道。故选C。19.B句意我鼓励他们编自己反复唱的曲子来帮助
39、他们记住词组或复杂的句子。persuade说服; encourage鼓励; remind 提醒, 使想起; command命令。故选B。20.A句意: 我鼓励他们编自己反复唱的曲子来帮助他们记住词组或复杂的句子。expression词, 词组; conversation会话; course 课程, 航线; measure措施。故选A。 4答案及解析：答案：DEFBG解析：1.根据上文中的Im often asked how to study English effectively以及下文所列举的几点解决方法可知,答案为D,起到承上启下的作用。2.根据小标题Study Every Day可知，每天都要学习英语，E项每天学习30分钟，而不是每周只学习一次，每次两个小时符合语境。3.根据下文中的学一点语法，再做一个短听力练习，然后再读一篇相同主题的文章可知选项F符合题意。4.根据下文中的Give yourself one grammar goal when reading a new article or watching.可知，B 项Review Grammar as You Watch or Read能概括本段大意。5.根据上下文内容可知，选项G是对学习方法的举例，且下文中的these指代这些方法，故选G。
