1、Unit 13 Were trying to save the earth!一、现在进行时 1. 概念：表示说话时正在进行的动作及行为或表示现阶段正在进行的动作。2. 结构：现在进行时常有三种句型： （1）肯定式：主语bev-ing其他。 He is mending his bike. 他正在修自行车。 （2）否定式：主语benotv-ing其他。 He is not（isnt）mending his bike. 他没在修自行车。（3）疑问式：主要分一般疑问句和特殊疑问句两种句式。 一般疑问句：Be主语v-ing其他? Is he mending his bike? 他正在修自行车吗？ Yes
2、, he is. / No, he isnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词be主语v-ing其他？ What is he doing? 他正在干什么？ 3. 常用的时间状语有：now，at the moment，right now，these days等。在句首出现look或listen时，也可以判断出后面的句子用现在进行时。 She is watching TV now. 她现在正在看电视。 Listen! Whos singing in the classroom? 听！谁正在教室里唱歌？二、现在完成时1. 概念：表示过去发生或已经发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响，可以和already，yet
3、，just连用。 2. 构成：助动词have / has +过去分词。 I have already posted the photos. 我已经把照片寄了。（照片已不在我这儿了） Have you had your lunch yet? 你已经吃过午饭了？ Yes, I have. Ive just had it. 是的，我吃了。我刚刚吃的。（现在不饿了） 3. 常用的时间状语：already，yet，just，ever，never，before；this morning（week，month.），today，now；up to now，till now，so far，in the past
4、 few（two，three.）years等。4. 延续性动词与非延续性动词 现在完成时中非延续性动词不可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。此时应将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词，转换情况可见下表：非延续性动词（短语）延续性动词（短语）例句borrowkeepHe has been away for a week. 他离开有一周了。How long have you kept the book? 你借这本书多长时间了？buyhavediebe deadget (to)be (in)leavebe awaybecomebefall asleepbe asleepbeginbe ongo outbe
5、outjoinbe a member ofput onwear【注意】在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 I havent borrowed a book for a long time. 我好长时间没借过书了。5. 现在完成时的三个固定结构：（1）have / has been to表示某人曾经去过某地，现在已不在某地。可以和表示次数的单词或短语连用，如once，twice，three times等。 I have been to the USA twice. 我去过美国两次。（2）have / has gone to表示某人去某地了，可能在途中，也可能到了那里，总之不在说
6、话处。Wheres Jim? 吉姆在哪里？He has gone to the library. 他去图书馆了。（3）have / has been in表示某人在某地待了一段时间，经常与for+一段时间连用。 We have been in this city for three years. 我们在这个城市待了三年了。三、被动语态主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。1. 基本结构：is / am / are +及物动词的过去分词2. 主动语态与被动语态之间的转换状语宾语谓语主语状语宾语谓语主语 We visite
7、d that factory last summer. 主动语态 That factory was visited by us last summer. 被动语态 【巧记口诀】主动语态变被动语态口诀宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。【易错提醒】把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。3. 感官动词（hear，see，watch等）或使役动词（make，let等）在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不带to，但在变为被动语态时必须使用to。make somebody do something somebody + be + ma
8、de to do something see somebody do something somebody + be + seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. 一个女孩经过的时候看见我的钱包掉了。 My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 一、 单项选择。1. （2018 湖北宜宾中考）I cant find Jimmy. Where is he?He _ in the garden at the moment.A. works
9、 B. will work C. is working2. （2018 黄石中考）More and more foreign students begin to learn Chinese, and many of them _ Chinese better and better now.A. are spoken B. spoke C. has spoken D. are speaking3. （2018 苏州中考）Why are you so late today?Three buses went by without stopping while I _ at the bus stop.
10、A. am waiting B. waited C. have waited D. was waiting4. （2018 辽宁沈阳中考）Sarah_ many places of interest in Beijing already.A. visited B. has visited C. will visit D. visits5. （2018 内蒙古通辽中考）My mother_ dinner when I got home yesterday.A. has cooked B. was cooking C. will cook D. cooks6. （2018 青海西宁中考）Hi, T
11、ony! _ you _ to the newly-opened shopping mall, Tangdao 637 lately?Yes. I went there with my parents last week.A. Did; goB. Have: beenC. Have; goneD. Do: go7. （2018 上海中考）The film Operation Red Sea _ a lot of praise since its first show months ago.A. wins B. win C. will win D. has won8. （2018 安徽中考）Th
12、e weatherman says a rain shower_ this afternoon in the south.A. expects B. expected C. is expected D. was expected9. （2018 河北中考）Look at the picture. The top five TV plays _ in it.A. list B. are listed C. will list D. will be listed10. （2018 恩施州中考）If you are caught smoking in the kitchen, you _ by yo
13、ur boss.A. will fireB. are firedC. will be fired二、阅读理解。A Junior school students in Harbin, Heilongjiang, had along weekend. They had four days off from Oct. 19 to Oct. 22. It was not for any festival, but was caused by serious smog. The smog was caused by high levels of PM 2.5 in the air. PM 2.5 is
14、small particles(微粒) of pollution in the air with a diameter(直径)of 2.5 micrometers or less. Waste gas from cars and factories is the biggest cause of PM 2.5 pollution. On Oct. 17, the World Health Organization named air pollution a cause of cancer. To better protect children, cities are taking action
15、. On Oct. 21, Harbin Education Bureau decided to close primary and junior high schools for two days. Beijing started a program on Oct. 22 which has a warning system with four levels. The red warning is the highest warning level. It means that the next three days will see serious pollution. When a re
16、d warning is issued(发布), schools will be closed for a few days. If theres pollution thats not so serious, the Beijing Commission of Education will not ask schools to stop PE classes and outdoor activities. How will students be informed? First, the Commission of Education will inform schools online,
17、Ye Yan, head of Beijing Shijingshanqu Experimental Primary School. told Beijing Times. Then teachers will text studentsparents. Will the days off affect the study plan? Missing school days will be made up during the summer or winter vacations,said Wang Hao, a physical education teacher in Beijing Ch
18、aoyang District. For students in Harbin who had the long weekend, they would go to school on the next two Saturdays. 1. Why did students in Harbin have a long weekend?A. Because the weather was extremely cold. B. Because a special festival came. C. Because the winter vacation began. D. Because there
19、 happened serious smog. 2. Which of the following is TRUE about PM 2.5?A. It makes water polluted. B. People can see it with eyes. C. It only comes from factories. D. It can cause serious diseases. 3. When a red warning is issued in Beijing, what will happen?A. All of the work will be stopped. B. Pe
20、ople arent allowed to go outside. C. Schools will be closed for a few days. D. Air pollution will be seen in a few weeks. 4. What does the underlined wordtextmean in Chinese?A. 写信 B. 发信息 C. 写文章 D. 发邮件5. What is the reading mainly about?A. What PM 2.5 is made up of. B. How people right against air po
21、llution. C. What influence the smog brings to schools. D. How schools deal with the missing school days. B What does it mean to be green? Greenis more than just a color. It also means taking special steps to protect the environmentthe water, the land, and the air we breathe. Why green? Plants are gr
22、een, and without them the earth wouldnt be such a lovely home for us human beings. Sometimes people call ours a throwaway society. That means we are always throwing away old things and buying new ones. Many times, if you no longer need something, someone else just might need it. For example, if your
23、 brother is old enough not to play with his plastic bike, why not give it to another family who has a little kid so that they dont need to buy one? And one less large plastic toy doesnt need to be produced. Recycling(回收利用) has never been easier. Many organizations will pick it up right in front of y
24、our house and some towns even require(要求) it. Tell your mom or dad you want to becomeChief of Recyclingfor your family. Now that you know what things you can recycle, find a place to keep them. Make sure you encourage everyone in your house to think whether things can be reused or recycled before th
25、eyre thrown away. Almost everyone likes traveling. But next time before you travel around the world, take a look at your own backyard. Is there a place where you could plant a tree or put in a little fruit or vegetable garden? If so, get there and get your hands dirty. Then you can watch with pride
26、as your tree takes root, and your garden plants grow into big plants full of ripe, red tomatoes or tiny, juicy blueberries. Who knew being green would taste so good?6. In the first paragraph, the writer introduces the topic of the passage by _. A. telling an interesting story B. explaining the wordg
27、reenC. giving some special examples7. In athrowawaysociety, _. A. people shouldnt produce any plastic thingsB. people can get anything they want from othersC. people always throw away the used things and buy new ones8. To beChief of Recycling, you should _. A. recycle things all by yourselfB. ask yo
28、ur family to use the old things all the timeC. find a place to keep the things that can be recycled9. You are advised to run a fruit or vegetable garden in order to _. A. creat a green environmentB. make a lot of moneyC. get your hands dirty10. The purpose of the passage is to tell us that _. A. we
29、must enjoy natureB. we had better eat more green foodC. we should protect our environment一、单项选择。1. C【解析】句意：我不能找到吉姆，他在哪儿？此刻他在花园里工作。根据at the moment可知用现在进行时态；故选C。2. D【详解】句意：越来越多的外国学生开始学习汉语，现在他们中的许多人汉语越说越好了。考查动词时态辨析题。now现在，多用于现在进行时，即be+现在分词结构。many of them是复数人称，系词需用are，根据句意语境，可知选D。3. D【解析】句意：你今天为什么怎么晚? 当
30、我正在公交车站等车的时候，有三辆车经过但都没有停。am waiting正在等，现在进行时态；waited是过去式，一般过去时态；have waited现在完成时；was waiting过去进行时。根据对话的意思可知，等车是过去发生的事情，并且这里表示正在等车的时候，故应用过去进行时，故选D。4. B【解析】句意：Sarah已经参观过北京许多有趣的地方了。本题考查动词时态。根据句意和already可知此处要用现在完成时。故选B。5. B【解析】考查动词的时态辨析。句意：昨天我到家时，妈妈在做饭。A. has cooked现在完成时形式；B. was cooking过去进行时形式；C. will
31、cook 一般将来时形式；D. cooks一般现在时态。本句表示我到家时，妈妈正在做饭，表示一个过去动作发生时，另一个过去动作正在发生。把正在发生的过去动作用成过去进行时态。故选B。6. B【解析】句意：嗨，Tony，你最近去过那个新开的购物商场Tangdao637吗？是的，我上周和我的父母一起去的。Didgo是一般过去时态，一般疑问句形式；Have been去过某地，已经回来了；Have gone去了某地，还没有回来；Do go是一般现在时态的疑问句形式。根据句意和句中的lately可知，这句话应用现在完成时态，且这里表示去了那个商场又回来了，故应选B。7. D【解析】句意：红海影业自几个月
32、前首次演出以来，赢得了很多好评。since its first show months ago是表示到目前为止的时间段，用在现在完成时态的句子中。故答案为D。8. C【解析】句意：天气预报员说今天下午在南方有望下阵雨。根据 a rain shower和 expect之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，排除A/B；根据this afternoon 可知是一般现在时态；故选C9. B【解析】句意：看这幅画。前五名的电视剧都在里面。考查被动语态。根据语境得知The top five TV plays与list之间存在被动关系；由Look at the picture得知是一般现在时，因此为一般现在时的被
33、动语态，故选B。10. C【解析】句意：如果你在厨房里被抓到吸烟，你就会被老板开除。你只能“被开除”，所以需要使用被动语态be done，如果主句是将来时，那么if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，这是主将从现的用法，本题中从句是说如果被抓到抽烟的话，用了一般现在时，那么主句用一般将来时，表示“你将会被开除”，所以用一把将来时的被动语态，will be done，故选C，二、阅读理解。A1. D【解析】由第一段中的It was not for any festival，but was caused by serious smog. 可知答案为D。2. D【解析】通读第三段可推断，选项D是正
34、确的描述。3. C【解析】由文章中的When a red warning is issued，schools will close. 可知答案为C。4. B【解析】结合上下文描述可知，然后老师会给学生家长发信息。故答案为B。5. C【解析】通读全文可知，本文讲述了雾霾对学校带来的影响。故答案为C。B6. B【解析】通读第一段可知，本段解释了green的含义。故答案为B。7. C【解析】由第二段中的That means we are always throwing away old things and buying Rew ones. 可知答案为C。8. C【解析】由第三段中的Now that you know what things you can recycle，find a place to keep them. 以及其后的描述可知答案为C。9. A【解析】在第四段中的Is there a place where you could plant a tree or put in a little fruit or vegetable garden?可推断，建议种植一片果园或菜园是为了创建一个绿色的环境。故答案为A。10. C【解析】通读全文可知，本文教育我们要保护环境。故答案为C。10
