1、Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.过去完成时时态一、过去完成时的概念过去完成时表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即表示过去的过去。 Mr Black told me that he had seen the movie three times. 布莱克先生告诉我这部电影他已经看过三遍了。二、过去完成时的结构：主语+had+动词过去分词(done) 1. 肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他. 2. 否定式：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他. 缩写形式：hadnt 3. 一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主
2、语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+hadnt. 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)? 5. 被动语态：主语+had(not) +been+过去分词+其他.【巧记口诀】巧学过去完成时过去完成时态不算难，形式要向完成时态看。have变成had不怠慢，断定过去之前是关键。三、过去完成时的判断依据1. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态。只有和过去的某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。常见的时间状语（从句）由by，before，when，by the end of，by the time，until等引导。 They had planted six hundred t
3、rees before last Wednesday. 他们在上周三前已经种植了600颗树。 I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. 我昨天晚上九点就已经读完了这本小说。2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间，常与for+时间段或since+时间点连用。 When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour. 当杰克到达时，玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。3. 过去完成时经常用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中，表示从句动作先
4、于主句动作发生，像在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句中。 She said that she had seen the film before. 她说她以前看过这部电影。4. 在表示过去概念的句子中，常出现与完成时态连用的词，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，never及表次数的词，此时句子常用过去完成时。 I met Jim in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing. 我昨天在街上碰见了吉姆。自从他去北京后，我们彼此没有
5、见过面。学科网【易混辨析】过去完成时与现在完成时的区别过去完成时与现在完成时的主要区别是时间的参照点不同：过去完成时的时间参照点是某个过去的时间；现在完成时的时间参照点是现在。因此现在完成时中的很多规则，也适用于过去完成时。 When I got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes. 当我到达电影院时，电影已演了五分钟了。 (got是一个过去的时间点，电影开始在我到达之前，是过去的过去。因为for five minutes为延续一段的时间状语，应用可延续的系表结构be on的过去完成时形式。） 【温馨提示】过去完成时是一个相
6、对的时态，表示的是过去的过去，只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它，因此当原句中若找不到一个过去的时间作为参照点时，是不能用过去完成时的。 He got to the railway station and suddenly realized that he had forgotten to bring his ticket. 他到了火车站后忽然意识到他竟忘记带车票了。（忘记这一动作在意识到这一动作之前。）By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked
7、 C. have cooked D. was cooked 【答案】AI. 单项选择。1. （2018 内蒙古包头中考）Has your daughter come back from Australia?Yes. She _ there for three yearsA. has stayedB. staysC. stayedD. had stayed2. （2018 湖北咸宁中考）High-speed trains, Mobile payment, Sharing bikes and Online shopping are called four new great inventions
8、of modern China.They _ our daily lives more convenient.A. have made B. had made C. have been made D. made3.（2016贵州黔东南州中考）The bus _ for five minutes when Tim arrived at the station. A. wentB. has leftC. had leftD. had been away4.（2015黑龙江龙东中考）By the time I got back to school, the bell _.A. rangB. has
9、rungC. had rung5.（2015达州中考）Whats up?I missed the train. By the time I got to the train station, the train _ for 10 minutes.A. had leftB. has leftC. has been awayD. had been away6. What _ Jane _ by the time she was seven?A. did；doB. has；doneC. did；didD. had；done 7. I _ 900 English words by the time I
10、 was ten。A. learnedB. was learningC. had learnedD. Learnt8. By the end of last month, I _ all the CDs of Justin Bieber.A. collectB. collectedC. have collectedD. had collectedII. 阅读理解。ANameConfederation of European BaseballHockey FederationVolleyball FederationAfrican FootballLogoFormation19531963194
11、61957LeadquartersLausanne, SwitzerlandKuala Lumpur,MalaysiaRio de Janeiro, BrazilCairo, EgyptRegionEuropeAsiaSouth AmericaAfricaMembers38301256Official LanguagesEnglish, Spanish,French, German, Italian, DutchEnglish, Chinese, IndianSpanish, PortugueseEnglish, French, ArabicWebsitewww. baseball www.a
12、siahockey.orgwww.voleysur.org1. When was Asian Hockey Federation(亚洲曲棍球联盟) set up?A. In 1953 B. In 1963 C. In 1946 D. In 19572. Which organization has the most members? A. B. C. D. 3. In how many organizations can English be spoken as an official language?A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four4. If you are f
13、rom France, which sport can you probably take part in?A. Baseball. B. Hockey C. Volleyball D. Football5. If you want to know something about volleyball, you can go to _.A. B.www.asiahockey.orgC. www.voleysur.org D. BOn a spring night, we offer book lovers a desk and a light. You can stay here as lon
14、g as you want to. This is the slogan(宣传语) of Sanlian Taofen Bookstore in Beijing. Earlier this month, Sanlian Taofen Bookstore became the first 24-hour bookstore in the city.It hopes to encourage more people to read books. Bookstores are the brain of a city. Although many people can now buy books on
15、line, many readers still like the feeling in bookstores. They can touch the books and smell the print In China, most cities are home to at least one bookstore. Some have special themes(主题). Popular Holdings(大众书局) in Shanghai is a film-themed bookstore. There are film books and posters(海报) inside. Ot
16、her bookstores have colorful activities. Eslite Bookstore(诚品书店) in Taiwan has activities like talks with famous writers as well as holding gallery shows(画展). People come here not only for reading but also to communicate with others.6. The best title(标题) to explain the main idea of the text is _.A. B
17、uying Books in Book stores B. Warm Places for Reading C. A New Bookstore in China D. Great Bookstores Online 7. Whats special about Sanlian Taofen Bookstore in Beijing?A. It allows readers to stay there only at night. B. It offers readers a desk and a light. C. It is the first 24-hour bookstore in t
18、he city. D. It hopes book lovers will read there. 8. Which of the following can best describe peoples feeling in bookstores?A. Becoming the brain of the city. B. Touching the books and smelling the print. C. Staying inside as long as possible. D. Buying books online with enjoyment 9. Popular Holding
19、s in Shanghai is one of the bookstores with _.A. a small gallery B. colourful activities C. a special slogan D. a special theme 10. People come to Eslite Bookstore in Taiwan for _.A. reading and communicating B. buying film books and posters C. encouraging themselves to read D. getting ready to be f
20、amous writers III. 短文填空。用方框里所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、完整。（每词限用一次）When I was in Grade 7, I had no interest in history. I didnt listen 1 in class and couldnt finish homework on time. So I didnt do well in this 2 .In the 3 term, there came a new humorous history teacher. I still had no passion for history. One
21、 day, she said: Well have a test in the afternoon . Since I wasnt good at history, whenever I 4 a history examination, I had to cheat .At that noon, I made lots of cheat sheets quickly.In the afternoon, I entered the classroom confidently. Soon my history teacher came in, along with our geography te
22、acher. They both wore mysterious smile on their 5 . When the paper was 6 out finally, all of us found it was just a piece of geography paper. I became as 7 as a wooden chick at once. Just then, our teachers couldnt help 8 loudly, which is just like a slap hitting on my face. I only got 12 points tha
23、t time.Later, I 9 that day was April Fools Day, but it wasnt interesting for me at all. It was a deep lesson for me. I learned that if I didnt 10 hard, I might be a real fool one day.I. 单项选择。2. A 【解析】句意：高铁、扫码支付、共享单车和网购被称为“中国四大新发明”。它们使我们的日常生活更加便利。A. have made现在完成时；B. had made过去完成时；C. have been made现在
24、完成时态的被动语态；D. made一般过去时态。中国新的四大发明已经给我们的生活带来了极大的便利，需要用现在完成时态来表达，故答案为A。3. D 【解析】句意：当提姆到达车站时，公交已经离开五分钟了。表示到达车站前已经发生或完成的动作，要用过去完成时态；leave是一个非延续性的动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语for连用，可以转换为be away。故选D。4. C 【解析】句意：当我返回到学校时，铃早响了。by the time在时间前，经常用于过去完成时态。过去完成时态，表示动作发生在过去的过去。铃响发生在过去的动作回到学校之前，所以用过去完成时态。A. rang一般过去时态；B. has r
25、ung现在完成时态；C. had rung过去完成时态。故选 C。5. D 【解析】句意：怎么啦？我错过了火车。在我到达火车站前，火车已经离开十分钟了。A. had left过去完成时态；B. has left现在完成时态；C. has been away现在完成时；D. had been away过去完成时。by the time在之前，是过去完成时的标志词，表示过去的过去，和一段时间连用，应该用延续性动词，leave对应的延续状态是be away，故选D。6. D 【解析】句意：到珍妮七岁的时候她已经做过了些什么？表示过去的过去应用过去完成时。应选D。7. C 【解析】句意：当我10岁的时
26、候，我已经学会了900个英语单词。by the time引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时，其结构是had done形式，根据句意可知选C。8. D 【解析】此处by意为到为止，该句意为到上个月末为止，我已经收集了Justin Bieber的全部CD，表示动作从过去已经开始一直持续到过去某个时间，故要使用过去完成时，答案选D。II. 阅读理解。A文章大意：本文以表格形式介绍了棒球，曲棍球，排球和足球四种球类运动。B文章大意：这篇短文主要告诉我们书店应该成为人们读书的好地方，以及现在人们还喜欢去书店的一些原因，并介绍了几种特殊主题的书店。6. B【解析】标题归纳题。阅读短文可知，这篇短文主要是
27、告诉人们，要让书店成为一个读书的好地方。故选B。7. C【解析】细节理解题。根据Earlier this month, Sanlian Taofen Bookstore became the first 24-hour bookstore in the city. 描述，可知三联书店是北京唯一一家昼夜开放的书店，故选C。8. B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第三段They can touch the books and smell the print.描述，可知人们去书店很多是为了摸摸书，闻闻墨香。故选B。9. D【解析】细节理解题。根据Some have special themes(主题).
28、 Popular Holdings(大众书局) in Shanghai is a film-themed bookstore.描述，可知大众书局是一家专业书店。故选D。10. A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文最后一段Eslite Bookstore(诚品书店) in Taiwan People come here not only for reading but also to communicate with others.描述，可知人们来这里不只是为了读书，还为了和作者交流。故选A。III. 短文填空。文章大意：这篇短文主要介绍了作者七年级时对历史不感兴趣，上课不认真听讲，后来换了一位幽默的
29、历史老师，在愚人节那天和他们开了一个考试的玩笑，由此作者认识到如果不努力学习，有可能会成为傻瓜。1. carefully【解析】根据上文可知我在课上不认真听并且不完成作业，副词修饰动词，故填carefully。2. subject【解析】根据上文可知我在这个科目做的不好，故填subject。3. second【解析】在第二学期，来了一个新的幽默的历史老师。结合句意，故填second。4. took【解析】由于我不擅长历史，所以无论什么时候进行历史考试，我不得不作弊。结合句意，故填took。5. faces【解析】他们两个脸上都有神秘的微笑。结合句意，故填faces。6. handed【解析】当试卷最后发下来，我们所有的人发现那恰恰是地理卷。hand out分发，故填handed。7. silly【解析】马上我变得蠢如木鸡。结合句意，故填silly。学科网9
