1、Section Grammar 虚拟语气(1)语法图解探究发现If I had enough money I would buy a new car.If Masaccio were alive,he would be amazed at how artists paint today.If Peter should come to our school,he could go to our art classes.If it were to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.I wish I didnt go to school t
2、oday.I wish I would take Miss Liang out to a superb restaurant for dinner.Id rather you hadnt given me the present.Who first suggested they visit art galleries?我的发现(1)在虚拟条件句中，谓语动词用(be 动词常用)表示与现在事实相反的情况，主句谓语则用“would/should/could/might动词原形”表示。(如例句和)(2)在虚拟条件句中，谓语动词可用表示与将来事实可能不符的情况，主句则用“would/should/cou
3、ld/might动词原形”表示。(如例句和)一般过去时were一般过去时/should动词原形/wereto动词原形(3)在 wish 后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用表示与现在事实相反的情况，用“would/could/might动词原形”表示与将来相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。(如例句和)(4)在 would rather 后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反的情况，用表示与过去相反的情况。(如例句)(5)在表示建议、劝告、命令或要求等意思后的宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“”表示虚拟语气。(如例句)一般过去时过去完成时(should)动词原
4、形虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设。一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用虚拟条件句分为三类：与现在事实相反的情况；与过去事实相反的情况；与将来事实相反的情况。构成方式如下：假设情况条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反一般过去时(be的过去式常用were)would/should/might/could动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成时(had过去分词)would/should/might/couldhave过去分词与将来事实相反一般过去时(be的过去式常用were)should动词原形were to动词原形would
5、/should/might/could动词原形1.与现在事实相反If I were you,I would/should/might/could tell him the good news.要是我是你，我就会告诉他这个好消息。(事实上我不是你)If she had enough money,she would/might/could/shouldbuy a computer.如果她有足够的钱，她就去买一台电脑。(事实她没有足够的钱)2与过去事实相反If the kids had been warned not to swim in the lake,they should have avoi
6、ded the tragedy.如果有人警告孩子们不要在湖里游泳，他们就应该能够避免悲剧。(事实上没有人警告孩子们)If you had taken my advice,you wouldnt have failed in the exam.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格。(事实上你根本没听我的)3与将来事实相反If I became/were to become/should become a scientist in the future,I would try to find a cure for cancer.如果将来我能成为一名科学家，我会尽力找到治疗癌症的药方。If it
7、were to rain/should rain/rained tomorrow,we wouldnt go hiking.如果明天下雨，我们就不去远足了。(下雨的可能性不大)点津(1)主句中的 should 只用于第一人称；从句中的 should可用于各种人称。(2)虚拟条件句中有 should,were,had 时，可以把 if 省略，并将这三个词提至句首，从而构成部分倒装。若省略的条件句中谓语动词是否定形式，否定词 not 不提前。Should he be free tomorrow(If he should be free tomorrow),I would talk with him
8、.如果他明天有空，我会和他谈话的。Had I had time(If I had had time),I would have walked round that lake then.如果有时间，我当时会在湖的周围走走。Had Jane not informed me earlier(If Jane hadnt informed me earlier),I would have lost the chance.如果不是简提前通知我，我可能会失去这次机会。即时演练 1(1)单句语法填空If you had been here yesterday,you (see)her.If it (not,r
9、ain)yesterday,I would have gone out to play football with my friends.I don t have a cellphone.If I (have)one,it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others.If he (come)tomorrow,we(be)greatly surprised.would have seenhadn t rainedhadcame/should come/were to comewould be(2)句型转换Had I persuad
10、ed him not to do so,he wouldn t have made such a serious mistake.him to do so,he wouldn t have made such a serious mistake.If I were you,I would give it up.,I would give it up.If it should rain tomorrow,we would have to call off the picnic.tomorrow,we would have to call off the picnic.If I had persu
11、adedWere I youShould it rain1.用在 wish 之后的宾语从句中wish 后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，表示不能实现的愿望。主句用法从句谓语动词的形式主语wish表示现在不能实现的愿望用一般过去时(be通常用were)表示过去不能实现的愿望had过去分词表示将来不能实现的愿望would/could动词原形二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用I wish I were ten years younger.我真希望我再年轻 10 岁。(对现在情况的虚拟)He wishes he could become a scientist some day.他希望将来的某一天能成为科学家。(
12、对将来情况的虚拟)How I wish I had seen her off at the station,but I was too busy.我要是去车站送她就好了，但我太忙了。(对过去情况的虚拟)即时演练 2单句语法填空I wish I (have)a little lab of my own.I wish I (fly)to the moon one day.I wish that I (not,agree)to go to Jim s party,for I have to do some extra work tonight.hadcould flyhadn t agreed2用在
13、表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的宾语从句中，表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的从句中用“should 动词原形”构成虚拟语气，其中“should”可以省略。这类动词可以速记为：一坚持insist；二命令command，order；三建议advise，suggest，recommend；四要求request，require，demand，ask；外加一个敦促urge。I insisted that we(should)tell this to her.我坚持要求我们该把这事告诉她。He suggested that Mr.Smith(should)be invited to the par
14、ty.他建议邀请史密斯先生参加聚会。He ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.他要求学生们每周都要自己洗衣服。点津 当 insist 表示“坚持认为，坚持说”、suggest 表示“表明；暗示”时，其后的从句中不用虚拟语气。He insisted that he had not stolen the camel.他坚持说他没偷骆驼。即时演练 3单句语法填空The smile on his face suggested that he (be)satisfied with our w
15、ork.My mom suggests that we (eat)out for a change this weekend.Eye doctors recommend that a child s first eye exam _ (be)at the age of six months old.was(should)eat(should)beThe constant rise of meat prices requires that effective measures (take)by the government.His order came that they(leave)at on
16、ce.The boy insisted that he (not,break)the window.(should)be taken(should)leavehadn t broken3.用在 would rather 后面的宾语从句中Would rather 后面的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气，表示对现在或将来的愿望用一般过去时，表示对过去的愿望用过去完成时。I would rather that you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。I d rather you didn t make any comment on the issue for the time being.我宁愿你
17、暂时先不要就此事发表意见。即时演练 4单句语法填空I d rather you (go)to Beijing tomorrow.I d rather you (not tell)me about it yesterday.George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but I d rather he (focus)more on its culture.wenthadn t toldfocused链接高考单句语法填空1(2019江苏高考改编)What a pity!You missed the sightseeing,o
18、r we (have)a good time together.would/could/should/might have had解析：句意：多么遗憾！你错过了这次游览。否则，我们就可以一起度过一段愉快的时光。根据关键词 or 可知，这里表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词应用 would/could/should/mighthave done。2(2017北京高考改编)If the new safety system(put)to use,the accident would never have happened.had been put解析：句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故
19、就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用 had done 形式，此处根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态。3(2017江苏高考改编)(be)it not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty.Were解析：虚拟语气中，be 动词统一用 were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把 if 省略，把 were/should/had 提前。4(2016天津高考改编)I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one,I (
20、injure)解析：根据“I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one”可判断出，此处是对与过去事实相反的情况的虚拟，从句用了过去完成时，主句应用“would have done”结构，且此处 I 与 injure 之间为被动关系，因此用被动语态。would have been injured5(2015北京高考改编)If I (not,see)it with my own eyes,I wouldnt have believed it.解析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我是不会相信的。根据主句的时态 wouldnt have beli
21、eved 可以判断，事情发生在过去，所以条件状语从句应该使用过去完成时。hadnt seen演练提能.单句语法填空1Our company will organize a trip to Hong Kong next month.I am taking my mother there.I d rather you.After all she has just recovered from her illness and she still feels weak.2I m going to San Francisco for a couple of days.I really envy you.
22、How I wish I (get)away for a while.3If you had told me in advance,I (meet)him at the airport.4Robert wishes that he (study)business instead of history when he was in university.didn twould/could getwould have methad studied5The boy insisted that he (try)his best and _(praise)6Had the weather been go
23、od,the twins (go)out for a walk.7If there (be)any change about the date,I would inform you in time.8The train (leave)ten minutes ago.You should have arrived a bit earlier.9But for the man,he (die)of hunger 15 years ago.10I would have lent you some money,but I (not,have)any on me then.had triedwould
24、have gonewere/should be/were to beleftwould have dieddidn t have(should)bepraised.句型转换1She was not at school,so I didnt see her.If she had been at school,I her.2I wont let you go to work now.It is raining very hard.I would let you go to work now if it so hard.would have seenwerent raining3If you had
25、 listened carefully,you would have been able to do it well.carefully,you would have been able to do it well.4I didnt have her address,so I lost touch with her.If I her address,I touch with her.5If I were you,I would buy a new car.,I would buy a new car.Had you listenedhad hadwouldnt have lostWere I you谢谢 观 看
