1、外研版英语八（下）Module 2 Experiences模块语法详解现在完成时（1）一、现在完成时的用法1. 表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在产生影响或结果。常和already, yet, just, ever, never, before等副词连用。如：Jim has laid the table. 吉姆已经摆好桌子了。(含义是：现在桌子已经摆好了。) I have spent all of my money. 我花完了我所有的钱。(含义是：现在我没有钱花了。) 2. 表示到目前为止经历过或未经历过的事。如：I have never been to England. 我从没有去过
2、英国。二、现在完成时谓语部分的构成由“助动词have/has + 过去分词”构成。在人称代词后have, has可以缩写为ve或s,。三、现在完成各种句式变化：1. 肯定式：主语+助动词have (has)+过去分词+其他。如：Hes eaten breakfast. 他吃过早饭了。2. 否定式：主语+助动词have (has)+not+过去分词+其他。have/has not 缩写havent/hasnt。如：He hasnt eaten breakfast. 他没吃早饭。3. 疑问式：助动词have (has)+主语+过去分词+其他？如：Has he eaten breakfast? 他吃
3、过早饭了吗？4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他？如：How long have you lived here? 你住在这儿多久啦？四、动词过去式、过去分词的规则变化1. 一般情况下，在动词后加-ed。如：workworkedworked; finishfinishedfinished; playplayedplayed; rainrainedrained2. 在以e结尾的动词后加-d。如：hopehopedhoped; likeliked，namenamed，closeclosed3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y改为i再加-ed。如：studyst
4、udiedstudied; carrycarried; crycried4. 以重读闭音节或字母r结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed。如：stopstoppedstopped; preferpreferredpreferred; planplanned; dropdropped【注意】travel和quarrel在英式英语中要双写，在美式英语中不双写。五、不规则动词的过去式、过去分词须重点记忆重在日常积累1. AAA型：即原形、过去式和过去分词等三式都相同。cost(花费)costcost； cut(剪，切)cutcut； hit(打，撞击)hithit；hurt
5、(受伤)hurthurt； let(让)letlet； put(放)putput,set(安置，释放)setset； read(读，朗读)readread；【注意】readreadread发音分别是ri:dredred，其余动词三式读音相同。2. ABA型：即动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。become(变得)becamebecome； come(来)camecome； run(奔跑)ranrun 3. ABB型：即动词的过去式和过去分词相同。(1)单词末尾的字母-d改为-t。如：build(建造)builtbuilt；lend(借出)lentlent； send(送，邮寄)sentsent；
6、spend(花费)spentspent。(2)原形最后一个字母改为t。如：lose(失去，丢失)lostlost； smell(闻到)smelled/smeltsmelled/smelt； spell(拼写)spelt/spelledspelt/spelled。(3)原形后加一个字母t。如：dream(做梦)dreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt；learn(学习，学会)learned/learntlearned/learnt； mean(意指，意思是)meantmeant。(4)原形中的双e变单e。如：feed(喂养)fedfed； meet(遇见)metmet。(5)原形
7、中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t。如：feel(触摸)feltfelt；keep(保持，保存)keptkept； sleep(睡觉)sleptslept； sweep(扫扫)sweptswept。(6)过去式和过去分词都以-aught或-ought结尾的动词。如：catch(抓住)caughtcaught； teach(教)taughttaught； bring(拿来)broughtbrought；buy(买)-bought-bought； fight(打架，打架)foughtfought； think(想，认为)thoughtthought。(7)以-ay结尾的动词，在过去式和过去分
8、词中把-ay变成-aid。如：pay(付钱)paidpaid； say(说)saidsaid。(8)原形中的字母i改为o。如：win(获胜，赢)wonwon；shine(照耀，发光，擦亮)shone/shinedshone/shined。(9)原形中的字母i改为a。如：sit(坐)satsat； spit(吐痰)spatspat。(10)原形中的an变为oo。如：stand(站立，忍受)stoodstood；understand(明白，理解)understoodunderstood。(11)原形中的-ell变成-old。如：sell(卖，出售)soldsold； tell(讲述，告诉，吩咐)t
9、oldtold。(12)原形中间的元音字母变成u。如：dig(挖，掘)dugdug； hang(悬挂，吊)hunghung。(13)其它的变化形式。如：find(找到，发现)foundfound； get(得到，到达)gotgot； have(有)hadhad；hear(听见)heardheard； hold(握住行)heldheld； lead(带领)ledled；leave(离开，遗留)leftleft； make(制造)mademade； shoot(射击)shotshot。 4、ABC型：即原形、过去式和过去分词各不相同。(1)原形中含有字母i，在过去式中变为a，在过去分词中变为u。如
10、：begin(开始)beganbegun； drink(喝)drankdrunk； ring(响铃)rangrung； sing(唱歌)sangsung； sink(下沉，消沉)sanksunk；swim(游泳)swamswum。 (2)以字母ow或aw结尾的动词，在过去式中变成ew，过去分词则在原形后加-n。如：blow(吹，刮风)blewblown； grow(成长，种植)grewgrown； know(知道，认识，)knewknown；throw(投，掷，扔)threwthrown； draw(绘画，拖，拉)drewdrawn。【注意】为了便于记忆，我们将fly(飞，飘)flewflow
11、n也归纳到这里。(3)原形-ear，过去式-ore，过去分词-orn。如：bear(忍受)boreborn/borne； wear(穿，戴)woreworn。(4)过去分词是在原形词尾加-n或-en。如：be(是)was/werebeen； beat(跳动，打赢)beatbeaten； drive(驾驶，驱赶)drovedriven；eat(吃)ateeaten； fall(落下，倒)fellfallen； give(给，付出，递给)gavegiven；mistake(弄错)mistookmistaken；rise(上升)roserisen；see(看见)sawseen； shake(摇晃)s
12、hookshaken；show(出/显示)showedshown/showed；take(拿走)tooktaken。【特殊】bite(咬)bitbitten；hide(隐藏，躲藏)hidhidden；ride(骑)roderidden；write(写)wrotewritten。(5)过去分词是在过去式后面-n或-en。如：break(打破，损坏)brokebroken； choose(选择)chosechosen； speak(说，讲)spokespoken；forget(忘记)forgotforgotten； steal(偷盗，窃取)stolestolen； wake(唤醒，醒来)wokew
13、oken。(6)其他变化形式的动词。如：do(做，干)diddone； go(去)wentgone； lie(躺，位于)laylain。5、没有过去分词的动词。can(能，会)could； may(可以，可能)might； must(必须)must；shall(将，会)should； will(将，愿意)would。模块语法即学即练一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。1. go _ _ _ _ 2. enjoy _ _ _ _3. buy _ _ _ _ 4. eat _ _ _ _5. get _ _ _ _ 6. walk _ _ _ _7. take _ _
14、_ _ 8. run _ _ _ _9. swim _ _ _ _ 10. begin _ _ _ _二、单项选择。( ) 1. Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _ whats happened to him.A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know( ) 2. Have you met Mr. Li _?A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago( ) 3. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two y
15、ear.A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written( ) 4. - Our country _ a lot so far. - Yes. I hope it will be even _.A. has changed; well B. changed; good C. has changed; better D. changed; better( ) 5. - These farmers have been to the United States. - Really? When _ there?A. did they go B.
16、will they go C. do they go D. have they gone( ) 6. - Where is Tom? We cant find him anywhere. - Perhaps he home. A. has gone B. is going C. went D. was going( ) 7. Dont return the video to Peter. I it. A. dont watch B. wont watch C. wasnt watching D. havent watched( ) 8. - Have you been to India? -
17、No, .A. ever; never B. never; ever C. ever; ever D. never; never( ) 9. - Your shoes are so old. Why dont you buy a new pair? - Because I all my money on an MP5 player. A. spend B. have spent C. am spending D. was spending( ) 10. We the work by ourselves so far. A. finish B. will finish C. have finis
18、h D. are finishing三、按括号里的要求改写句子，每空一词。1. They have visited the Great Wall. (改为否定句) They the Great Wall.2. Have you ever written an email in English? (作否定回答) , .3. Tony has watched the movie. (改为一般疑问句) Tony the movie? 4. My mother hasnt been to the Great Wall before. (改为肯定句) My mother to the Great Wal
19、l before.5. He played basketball. (改为现在完成时) He basketball.四、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Mr. Liu isnt here now. He (go) to Beijing. 2. So far I (make) quite a few friends here. 3. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? 4. My father just (come) back from work. He is tired now. 5. I _ already _ (see) the film
20、. I _ (see) it last week. 6. Sorry, I (not hear) of this thing before.7. Bobs parents look sad. I think they (know) the bad news. 8. Mum, can I watch TV now? I (finish) my homework.9. The bus (leave). You have to wait for the next one.模块语法即学即练一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。（略）二、单项选择。15 BCDCA 510 ADABC 三、按括号里的要求改写句子，每空一词。1. havent visited 2. No, I havent 3. Has; watched; 4. has been 5. has played四、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. has gone 2. have made 3. Have; seen 4. has; come 5. have; seen; saw 6. havent heard 7. have known 8. have finished 9. has left
