1、 武汉市2014高考英语阅读理解训练题（4）附答案I dont ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what its like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them in
2、teresting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.At 19, when I began studying astrophysics(天体物理学), it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as 3 post-d
3、octor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievementjobs, research papers, awards was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育),
4、 I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I dont talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize
5、that I didnt want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I dont study sociology or political theory.Today I research and teach at Barnard, a womens college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the
6、45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer: 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I dont dismiss those concerns. Still, I dont tell them war stories. Instead, I have given
7、 them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And thats a sight worth talking about.9. From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute(归因于) the authors failure
8、s to_.A. the very fact that she is a womanB. her involvement in gender politicsC. her over-confidence as a female astrophysicistD. the burden she bears in a male-dominated society10. What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research?A. Lack of confidence i
9、n succeeding in space science.B. Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.C. Peoples stereotyped attitude towards female scientists.D. Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurture11. Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?A. Female students n
10、o longer have to worry about gender issues.B. Her students performance has brought back her confidence.C. Her female students can do just as well as male students.D. More female students are pursuing science than before.12. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?A. Women stu
11、dents neednt have the concerns of her generation.B. Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.C. Women can balance a career in science and having a family.D. Women now have fewer discrimination problems about science career. （C篇）ACDC *结束社会生活类-2012上海卷 (C)Researchers in the psychology
12、department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stressrelated disorders. Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men a
13、nd women have the same “fightorflight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (“fight”), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women
14、have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fightorflight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their
15、young (“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from othersespecially other females (“befriend”) Scientists have long known that in the fightorflight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones (激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the
16、female tendorbefriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animal
17、s and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.” While men also secrete (分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones. In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when
18、they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost. The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace an
19、d quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs. The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stressrelated disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The t
20、endandbefriend regulatory (调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to _. A. turn to friends for help B. solve a conflict calmly C. find an escape f
21、rom reality D. seek comfort from children73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage? A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women. C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin. D. Oxytocin has more
22、of an effect on women than on men.74. What can be learned from the passage? A. Male hormones help build up the bodys resistance to stress.B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does. C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress. D. The UCLA stud
23、y was designed to confirm previous research findings.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. How men and women get over stressB. How men and women suffer from stress C. How researchers overcome stress problems D. How researchers handle stressrelated disorders【要点综述】本文主要介
24、绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因以及如何克服压力。72. C细节理解题。根据第二段中While men often react to stress in the fightorflight response和they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”)可判断男人更可能从现实中逃脱出来。73. D细节理解题。根据第三段中an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body.和While men also secrete(分泌
25、)oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.可判断，激素扮演重要角色，但是男人也分泌oxytocin，但是影响打折扣。74. C推理推断题。根据第五段中The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work.推出在面对压力时，生理上的不同会导致行为的差异。所以选C。75. A主旨大意题。本文首先介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因，
26、然后谈男女如何克服压力。*结束阅读理解、专题训练(*)、说明文的阅读 (1) 方法点拨说明文，即说明事物的文章。从内容上看，主要涉及科技、社会和文化生活等领域。它以介绍科学实验研究成果、人文地理知识等社会生活中值得关注的变化为主。说明文有一定的说明顺序和说明方法，如空间顺序、时间顺序等，其大体的成篇布局是：(1)总体叙述要说明的对象(文章主旨) 细节说明(细节理解)概括评述(推理判断)；(2)事物现象或变化(文章主旨)细节或原因阐述(细节理解)引发的后果和相关启示(推论)。 活学活用阅读下面短文，从所给的四个答案中选出最佳选项(2011年广州高三英语调研测试)School phobia is
27、a type of illness which causes students to be afraid to go to school.This condition is most commonly seen in children，typically between the ages of 813，and it can be very upsetting，especially if it is allowed to progress.Symptoms include stomach aches，tiredness，shaking，a racing heart and frequent tr
28、ips to the toilet.This common phobia is associated with a wide variety of causes.Most commonly it is the result of separation anxiety，but it can also be caused by different kinds of stress.A child who has recently moved，suffered a loss，or gone through a divorce may develop school phobia，and phobias
29、can also develop in response to bullying (欺侮)，an unrecognised learning disability，and poor selfimage.Understanding the cause of a school phobia is an important step in providing treatment.A child with school phobia usually refuses to go to school，or protests violently.He or she may become physically
30、 ill when ordered to school，or pretend to be sick to avoid going.When the child arrives at school，he or she may run away，or develop behavioural problems in class and on the playground.When school is discussed，the child can become impatient，upset or angry.Many techniques can be used to manage school
31、phobia，but research suggests that much more effective treatment is required for school phobia to prevent problems developing in later life.Children with this condition usually benefit from seeing a psychologist or doctor who can help the child and provide assistance to help parents and school offici
32、als support the child.As soon as a school phobia is identified，parents should take action too.Like other phobias，school phobia gets worse the longer it is left untreated，and it can interfere with a childs success in school.Adjustments can be made at home and in the classroom to help.If bullying is a
33、 cause，for example，the bullying situation should be solved.A teacher can meet the child at the door and take him or her to class，and provide support so that the child feels a friendly adult is always available.Changes at home can include supportive language from parents，along with support like assis
34、tance with homework.If a child lacks confidence，parents may encourage the child to take up new hobbies that will help them to feel good about themselves.Parents might also talk to their children about their own fears of school and how they got over them，and their own enjoyment of school and schoolli
35、ke activities.By following these methods we can help children to dispel their school phobia.以约30词概括文章大意_.根据所读短文，选择最佳选项1Which of the following topics is NOT discussed in the passage?AThe definition of school phobia.BThe history of school phobia.CThe causes of school phobia.DThe effects of school phob
36、ia.2What is a useful treatment for school phobia according to the passage?AParents should allow their children occasional days off.BTeachers should be stricter with students.CChildren should be helped to develop a sense of achievement.DChildren should be regularly sent to psychologist.3The underline
37、d word “dispel” (the last paragraph)probably means “_”Aaccept BrealizeCforget Dovercome4Which of the following statement might the author agree with?ASchool phobia is most often suffered by middle school students.BSchool phobia may have bad influence on childrens future life if neglected.CChildren w
38、ith school phobia should not be given medical treatment.DMost children with school phobia are pretending to be ill.5What are some of the reasons for school phobia mentioned in the passage?ABullying，recent devoice and moving to a new area.BLearning disability，impatience and poor concentration.CStomac
39、hache，poor school performance and aggressive teachers.DShaking，lack of confidence and few friends.参考答案The passage introduces the causes and bad influences of school phobia，which luckily can also be managed and treated by taking some technical measures with the help of parents.(29 words)1解析：事实细节题。全文没有提到恐学症的过去有什么症状。答案：B2C3解析：词义猜测题。综观全文可知，作者提出了帮助孩子 “克服恐学症”的几个建议。答案：D4解析：从Like other phobias，school phobia gets worse the longer it is left untreated，and it can interfere with a childs success in school可推知答案。答案：B5A*结束
