1、Period Learning notes for Task & Project【Learning goals】1. Learning some new words: possession; means; obtain; commitment; remind; barrier; angle 2. Learning and reviewing some expressions: break down; get hold of; make a difference 【Language focus】Task:1. possession n. U所有，拥有； 复数财产，所有物 v. possess【用
2、法提示】(类似表达：charge)(Sb.) take possession of 拥有(Sb.) be in possession of 拥有(sth.) be in the possession of 为所有【练一练】(1) Their family home and were destroyed in the terrible earthquake. (2) After his fathers death, Award t the castle in 1947. The castle for over 60 years ever since.(3) I am some informati
3、on that I think will interest you.(4) He is a fighter who both wisdom and courage. 2. (P59) One of the major problems facing the children living in the remote mountainous areas is poverty(1)分析黑体和划线部分的成分。(2)Sb. face sth. = Sb be faced with sth. = Sth. face sb 某人面临某事; 某事摆在某人面前【练一练】(1)The problem of ai
4、r quality _ the government has already been put on the agenda. A. face B. faced with C. facing D. faced(2)_ with such a difficult situation, the young man decided to turn to his boss for help. A. Facing B. To face C. Faced D. Having faced(3)Faced with a bill for10,000,_. A. John has taken on an extr
5、a job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John 3. means n. 方法，手段单复同形；财产，财力，收入【复数】【用法提示】 交通方式 a means of transportation 做某事的方法 means of doing 通过这种方法 by this means 借助于某物；用某种方法 by means of sth 当然可以 by all means 绝不，一点都不 by no means 【练一练】(1
6、) Every possible means （try）so far but in vain. (2) Adegreeis anessentialqualificationforajournalist.(3) -Could I use your dictionary?-Yes, _.A. you could B. by all means C. youve got it D. Im using it myself【联想拓展】单复同形的名词有means, sheep, deer, fish, series , species , Chinese, Japanese, works (工厂)。 4.
7、 obtain vt . (尤指经努力)获得，赢得 obtain details / my parents permission / passports ( 强调通过努力，恳求或要求才得到) acquire knowledge / skills / the habit of doing/a new BMW（通过不断地学或问获得知识技能，或养成习惯等；购得，获得）5. break down 【用法提示】(1) 出故障，抛锚（2）（关系，讨论）失败（3）（健康状况）变恶劣；垮（4）感情失去控制Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.
8、双方谈判已经破裂。Her health broke down under the pressure of work. 工作的压力使她的身体垮了。【练一练】(1)He tried to deal with the ever-increasing burden of his work, but finally _ and had to take a complete rest.A. broke away B. broke up C. broke down D. broke out(2)The computer system suddenly _ while he was searching for
9、 information on the Internet.A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in(3)They got married one month before the civil war _. A. broke down B. broke out C. broke through D. broke off【拓展总结】break out ( 战争或疾病)爆发 break through 突破，突围 break up 打碎； （关系）破裂； （会议）终止；（学校）放假 break away 逃脱；脱离 break off 停止
10、（尤指说话）；断绝（关系），中断讨论 break in (尤指为盗窃而)闯入 break into (尤指为盗窃而)闯入; 开始做（笑，哭，唱等）= burst into sth.Project：1. commitment n. 【用法提示】 C 承诺，保证 make a commitment to do = promise to doU 投入，奉献 Were looking for someone with a real sense of commitment to the job. 我们在寻找对此工作真正能尽职尽责的人。v. commit (committed, committed, co
11、mmitting) (1)犯，做(不合法、错的或愚蠢的事)commit suicide; commit murder; commit a mistake/ an error自杀; 犯凶杀案; 犯错误(2)使承担义务；向某人（自己）保证 commit sb/oneself to sth/ doing sth(3)使投入，奉献commit oneself to sth/ doing = be committed to sth./ doing = devote oneself to sth/doing = be devoted to sth./ doing 【练一练】(1)By signing th
12、e lease(租约), we made a _ to pay a rent of150 a week. A. contribution B. commitment C. commission D. comment (2)_ himself to the cause of education, he spares no time for his family. A. Committed B. Be committed C. Committing D. Having committed(3)_ to the cause of education is the main reason why he
13、 wins his students respect. A. Committed B. Having committed C. Being committed D. Committing2. chaos U 混乱；紊乱【用法提示】be in chaos; leave sth in chaosThe earthquake has caused chaos in the town. 因地震小镇混乱不堪。The burglars left the house in chaos. 窃贼将屋子弄得一团糟。【联想拓展】mess n. 肮脏，凌乱; 肮脏的人或不整洁的事be (in) a mess； lea
14、ve sth. in a mess His papers on the desk were in a complete mess. 他书桌上的文件乱极了。3. vacant adj . 空着的，未被占用的；（职位）空缺的；（神情）茫然，（心灵）空虚的(1) a vacant seat/ table/ room a vacant position/ seat a vacant expression/ look (2) Since everyone would like to find an apartment near the school, there are very few _apartm
15、ents in the area. A. free B. vacant C. empty D. reserved4. shelter n. 住所；藏身之处 a shelter 一个临时避身处 a bus shelter 公交车候车亭 a bomb shelter 对比：shadow n. shallow adj. 5. remind vt. 提醒，使想起【用法提示】remind sb. of sth. 让某人想起/意识到某人（某物）remind sb. to do / remind sb that-clause提醒某人注意某事/做某事【联想拓展】警告某人某事 指责某人某事 治愈某人的疾病 抢某
16、人某物 是某人摆脱 通知某人某事 【练一练】 (1) Our teacher often reminds us (不要乱扔垃圾).(2) (假使)Iforget,pleaseremindme (我的诺言).(3)_ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded6. barrier n. 障碍，隔阂；屏障，障碍物【用法提示】 a barrier to 的障碍 （=a b
17、lock to sth.） 消除隔阂 break down barriers(1) The fans broke through the barrier and rushed onto the pitch(球场).(2) Disability need not be a barrier to a successful career.(3) We are trying to break down barriers between the young from both communities.7. get hold of 【用法提示】(1) 获知（通常为不实之事） Where did you g
18、et hold of that idea that he was leaving?(2) 抓住 (= catch / take hold of) I managed to get hold of the cup before it fell.我设法抓住了杯子才未使它掉落。 【联想拓展】：hold v. 抓住；容纳；举办；持观点 vi. 继续，持续； 坚持下去；（打电话）不挂断 vt. 抓住; 保留 vt. 伸出,递出，拿出；继续，持续 vt. 举起；阻止，使延误【高考连接】(1) We thought of selling this old furniture, but weve decide
19、d to _ it. It might be valuable. ( 2019全国) A. hold on to B. keep up with C. turn to D. look after (2) The traffic was _ for more than half an hour, which caused me to arrive late. A. held out B. held on C. held out D. held up(3) We want to rent a bus which can _ 40 people for our trip to Beijing. (2
20、019 天津)A. load B. hold C. fill D. support8. angle n. 角度 【用法提示】从不同角度 from different angles 以/成一定角度 at an angle (1) The tower of Pisa leansatanangle. (2) It is suggested that we (从不同的思维角度看待这个问题).9. 集体名词staff, family, class, team, group, government, committee, audience等。这类词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数，视具体情况而定。如果是作
21、为一个整体看待则用单数，如果强调组成集体的成员则用复数。 Staffare encouraged to use the library for professional self-development.Theteachingstaffofour schoolis/areexcellent. 10. make a difference 有关系（作用、影响）【用法提示】 (sth.) make a (some, much, no, little) difference to sb. / sth. (1)（对某人 / 某事）有（）影响 这次经历给了她很大影响。This experience .只要
22、我们每个人尽自己的一份力，我们将对我们周围的人和世界产生很大的影响。As long as each of us does our bit, we will surely the people and the world around us.(2)（对某人 / 某事）重要、要紧 (对我无关紧要) whether you remain or leave.【考点训练】(1) They are now in great need of help. Your support will certainly make a _.A. dealB. decisionC. pointD. difference(2
23、) It seems that living green is easy and affordable. A small step masks a big difference.A. exactly B. fortunately C. surprisingly D. hardly(3) In our daily life, everyone fails every now and then. It is how you react that makes a _. A. development B. difference C. progress D. significance11. (L11)S
24、o the situation is completely different here, as are the problems.【用法提示】, as + be/ do/ can +主语, 表示“也一样”，（= and so + 倒装）。句中使用倒装语序，表示前面陈述的肯定情形适用于另一人（物）。【注意】以下句子同义。 His parents often reach out to those in need, as . His parents often reach out to those in need, and . His parents often reach out to thos
25、e in need. So .【比较】 So I do. So do I. I do so. 【考点训练】(1) He works as a driver now, as （他父亲退休前也是司机）.(2) The teacher asked me to speak loudly in class and （我就照着做了）.(3) -The task proved to be tougher than expected. - （的确如此）.12. (L13) Instead of the sand blowing everywhere, there is mud and water everyw
26、here, making it difficult to travel from place to place.(L21)The water makes it difficult for the cuts and wounds to get better and easy for bacteria to spread.【用法提示】(1) 句中making it .为v-ing做结果状语从句。(2) make it difficult (for sb.) to do结构，其中it是形式宾语，difficult是宾语补足语（OC），真正宾语是(for sb.) to do。当谓语动词宾语是不定式、
27、doing短语或that-从句，且这些宾语后还跟上宾语补足语（常由形容词、名词充当）时，需要用it作形式宾语，将真正宾语移到宾语补足语之后，构成“v. + it + OC + 真正宾语”句型结构。可用于此句型的动词有：consider, think, make, find, feel, imagine, believe等。例如：【考点训练】(1) Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _. A. reusingB. reusedC. reuseD. to be reused(2) I do
28、nt think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. thisB. thatC. itD. them(3) The teacher simplified the question he asked to make it easily _. A. understood by his studentsB. for his students to understand C. for his students understanding itD. to be understood by his stu
29、dents(4) - Dont you think _ necessary that he should not be sent to Miami but to New York?- I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to.A. that; that B. what; that C. it; that D. it; what(5) Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record $57.65 a barrel on April 4. （
30、05山东卷）A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching13. (L38)so I am finding that my job is not limited to being a nurse.【用法提示】 (1) limit sth: limit the number of visitors/cars (2) limit sb /sth. to sth. / doing sth. sb/sth. be limited to sth/ doing Nowadays, cloning is limited to plants
31、and animals. The local government of 30 students. (承诺将每个班学生数限于至多30个). Nuclear development of China is limited to (自我防卫). (3) adj. limited 有限的 译：充分利用有限的自然资源 【联想拓展】 be+形容词(含过去分词)+介词to+动名词be addicted to doing sth. 沉溺于做某事,对做某事上瘾be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能胜任做某事be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事be accustomed t
32、o doing 习惯于做某事be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事be reduced to doing sth 使某人沦为做某事be devoted/committed to doing sth 致力于做某事14. (L44)When I think back to all the experiences that I have had around the world since joining Doctors without Borders, I feel that I have been very lucky to be able to help others an
33、d do something worthwhile.【用法提示】 (1) think back to = (2) since此处为介词，后跟名词或动名词做宾语。但since 也可做连词，这里since joining能转换成since I joined .。注意：当since 做连词引导时间状语从句发生省略现象时，since即成为介词，后面只能跟doing或being done做宾语。有相同用法的还有before和after.【考点训练】 1) Since _, the Ming Tombs have been under the umbrella of the local governmen
34、t. A. unearthed (发掘) B. be unearthed C. being unearthed D. unearthing2) The patient was not permitted to eat anything before _.A. being operated on B. operated on C. being operated D. operating on随堂练习The United Nations was set up in 1945. It is an international organization / more than 190 countries (这是一个由190多个国家组成的国际组织). It plays an important role in keeping world peace, (使人们更容易解决政治纷争). Besides, the United Nations carries out quite a few programmes in some poor countries, (这些项目有助于这些国家的经济发展). the UN has done makes (联合国的工作给人们的生活带来了巨大的影响).
