1、M5U2 The environmentPeriod Learning notes for Welcome to the unit & Reading【Learning goals】1. Learning some new words: comment; lay; debate; concern; operate; quantity2. Learning some new expressions: result in; cut back on; think ofas; use up; run out (of)3. Learning some sentence patterns: 倍数表达；wa
2、y作先行词引导的定语从句；what引导的主语从句； 分词作状语【Language focus】词汇-1. comment【教材原句】If you have any questions or comments, you can use this time to express them. (P22)【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分。(1)I dont feel I can comment on their decision. (2)He refused to comment until after the trial. (3)She made helpful comments on my work.
3、 (4)He handed me the document without comment. 【自主归纳】comment (1)词性_ 词义_ (2)词性_ 词义_【即时巩固】用comment的适当形式填空。(1)你对发生灾难的原因有何评论？ _ to make about the cause of the disaster?(2)对人们说的话我不作评论。_what people say.(3)谁有什么问题或意见吗？ Does anyone have questions or _.词汇-2. lay【教材原句】These boats catch large numbers of fish wi
4、thout giving them time to lay eggs. (P22)【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分(1) The hen lays eggs every day. _(2) Please lay the table for dinner. _(3) The couple laid aside some money for their old age. _(4) The president laid great emphasis on would peace. _(5) Some workers were laid off because of a shortage of mater
5、ials. _ 【自主归纳】(1)lay 词性_ 词义_ (2)lay过去式_ 过去分词_现在分词_ (3) lie词义_过去式_过去分词_现在分词_(4) lie词义_过去式_过去分词_现在分词_【即时巩固】用lay和lie的适当形式填空If you like, you can_ down on your bed, _ yourself in a comfortable position, and _ to yourself that you dont like _ there, or you can imagine where you would like to _ the eggs af
6、ter the hens_ eggs.词汇-3. debate【教材原句】We are following our usual schedule for debates. (P22)【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分以完成汉语句子(1)They have been debating for several hours without reaching a conclusion.他们 好几个小时，仍然没有得出一个结论。(2)The two sides debated with each other about who was the best for a whole day.双方就谁是最优秀的问题 一
7、整天。(3)He was debating whether to go for a walk or to visit a friend. 他_是去散步还是去拜访一位朋友。(4) A fierce debate on the tax cut was going on. 一场围绕着减税的 正在进行中。(5)Theyre always arguing with each other about money. 他们总是 。(6)Have you discussed the problem with anyone? 你与谁 这个问题？【自主归纳】(1)debate vi. & n. 意为：_ (2)de
8、bate with sb. about sth. _(3)have a debate_ (4)under debate _(5) _指在正式场合，和意见对立的一方进行全面地、彻底地、比较正式地争论，重在各述理由，双方交锋。(6) _指就自己的看法、立场条理清楚地提出赞成或反对某事的理由，以说服他人。(7) _重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含有意说服对方的成分。【即时巩固】根据中文提示，完成句子(1)他们正准备展开一场全国性的争论。They are preparing to open up a national _. (2)新规则正在讨论中。The new rules are _. 词汇-4. co
9、ncern n. & v.【教材原句】It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.（P23）【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分以完成汉语句子(1)My greatest concern is what she thinks of me. 是她认为我怎么样。(2) The boys poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康状况不佳， 。(3) Were all concerned about her safety. 我们大家 。(4)
10、We read stories concerning visitors from outer space. 我们读了 天外来客的故事。(5)The persons concerned are to be punished. 将受到惩罚。(6)As far as Im concerned, I dont mind that you wear this mini-skirt. ，我不介意你穿这件迷你裙。(7)The coat is fine as far as color is concerned, but it is not of very good quality.这件上衣 还不错，但质量不太
11、好。【自主归纳】(1)concern n.词义_ v.词义_(2)concerning prep词义_ (3)concerned词性_作表语时，意思为：_；作后置定语时，意思为：_(4)as/so far as sb./sth. is concerned这个句型用来引出个人的观点与看法，意为： _ 【即时巩固】(1)The people _ were really _the facts _Marys car crash.A. concerned; concerned with; concernedB. concerning; concerned with; concerning C. conc
12、erning; concerned about; concernedD. concerned; concerned about; concerning (2)This book deals with questions the Second World War. A. concerned B. be concerned C. concerning D. being concerned (3) _ that he has no qualifications in business management, Ken plans to gain the necessary skills by taki
13、ng a part-time course.A. Concerning B. Concerned C. Being concerned D. To concerned词汇-5. operate v 【教材原句】The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment. (P23)【例句研读】写出下列句子中operate的含义(1)They operate three factories and a huge warehouse._(2)In the laboratory, Tavella op
14、erated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand._(3)The surgeons operated on her for a tumor._(4)The machine operates quite efficiently._(5)The medicine will operate in ten minutes._【自主归纳】翻译下列短语(1)operate on sb.(for .)_(2)operation n. _come/go into operation _be in operati
15、on _词汇-6. quantity n数量，量【教材原句】Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save the environment. (P23)【自主归纳】in quantity/in large quantities( in large amounts)大量地 【例句研读】翻译句子（1）There are only a small quantity of flowers left in the garden. _（2）Why does the Lake
16、smell terrible? Because large quantities of water have been polluted. _（3）Its cheaper to buy goods in (large) quantities. _【联想归纳】种种“许多”有多少？可数名词复数不可数名词词汇-7. result in【教材原句】This will result in a small number of fish left for us to eat in the future.(P22)【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分(1)The earthquake resulted in many
17、 thousands of death. (2) Job losses resulted from changes in production. (3) She died as a result of her injuries. (4) This book is the results of 25 years of research. 【自主归纳】(1)result in 意为：_(2)result from 意为：_(3)as a result of意为：_(4) as a result意为：_【即时巩固】根据汉语提示，完成句子(1)这次事故导致了两个乘客的死亡。The accident _
18、 the death of two passengers(2)我们仍然在处理以前的错造成的问题。We are still dealing with problems _ errors made in the past.(3)由于大雪他迟到了。He was late _ the snow.(4)他击败了所有的竞争者，最终赢得了奖学金He defeated all competitors and won the scholarship _. 词汇-8. cut back on【教材原句】It is our duty to try to cut back on production and redu
19、ce the amount of things we make and buy.(P22)【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分(1)To save money, we should cut back on our spending. (2) Many companies are cutting back on staff in time of financial crisis. (3) If we cannot sell more, we will have to cut back on production. 【自主归纳】选用下列词组填空cut across走捷径，抄近路 cut off隔绝、断绝、
20、（电路）切断、“剪下”、“砍掉”；cut up切割开来、切碎 cut through凿穿、穿过、穿透；抄近路cut down 砍倒、 削减、压缩， cut in插话cut out剁碎, 砍碎(1)We are going to the mountain to build a free way here.(2)She the cake and gave each of us a piece.(3)The flood the villagers from the rest of the world.(4)Youd better the article to about 2,000 words.(5
21、)Dont try to while others are talking. (6) In order not to be late, she the fields.【即时巩固】(1)Half of the forest was _ to make room for the road.A. cut back on B. cut off C. cut out D. cut down (2) I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson.A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up(3)He was in hospi
22、tal for six months. He felt as if he was _ from outside world. A. cut out B. cut off C. cut up D. cut through(4)While prices are rising so fast, many people are working out ways to _down their expenses. A. cut B. put C. turn D. settle 词汇-9. think of as 【教材原句】We need to stop thinking of companies and
23、 businessmen as the enemy, and give them more credit!(P23)【例句研读】翻译句子(1)I think of this place as my home.(2) She is thought of as a possible future director.(3) I cant think of a better place for our party.(4)The committee have thought carefully over this plan.【自主归纳】(1)think highly of _ (2)think of_(
24、3)think about _(4)think aloud _(5)think nothing of _【即时巩固】 (1)我会经常想起你的。Ill be _you all the time.(2)她经常想起她的老朋友。She often _ her old friends.词汇-10. use up【教材原句】The number of people in the world keeps growing, and we are producing more rubbish and using up more raw materials. (P25)【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分以完成汉语句子(
25、1) They had to stop halfway because they had used up the oil. 他们不得不半道停下来，因为他们 。(2)After a month，their food supplies gave out.一个月后，他们的食物贮备 。(3) We have run out of milk.我们 。【自主归纳】(1)use up意为：_，为及物动词短语。(2)run out of用完，耗尽= 为及物动词短语run out用完，耗尽= 为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态(一般指时间，金钱，食物等用完)。(3)give out用完，耗尽，为不及物动词短语（
26、一般指食品，耐心，精力等耗尽）。【即时巩固】 (1) With his money _，he couldnt go home.A. leaving B. missed C. running out D. run out(2) A teachers too long speech can make the students patience _.A. to run out of B. to run out C. run out D. run out of词汇-11. run out (of) 用完，耗尽【教材原句】What if they run out ? (P25)【例句研读】翻译句子（1）
27、Time ran out before we could get down to the details of the plan. _（2）The car ran out of petrol, and to make things worse I had no money! _【自主归纳】 run out, run out of, give out, use uprun out用完，耗尽不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等run out of用完及物动词短语，其主语一般为人give out耗尽，用完不及物动词短语，其主语通常是物分发，散发出及物动词短语use up用光，用完及物动词短
28、语，其主语一般为人【即时巩固1】选择以上短语填空（1）We had just reached the motorway when the petrol _.（2）They_money and had to abandon the project.（3）After threehour climbing the mountain, her patience _.【联想归纳】run短语 （1）run_ 遇到 （2）run _ 碾过，溢出（3）run _ 追逐，追赶 （3）run _ 偶然碰见，偶然发现【即时巩固2】 Food supplies in the floodstricken area _.
29、We must act immediately before theres none left.Ahave run outBare running outChave been run out Dare being run out句型-1.【教材原句】The worlds population has grown by six times what it was. (P22)【句法分析】此句意为：世界人口已经上涨了以前的六倍。此句中six times表示倍数，后接一名词性从句。倍数的表示法有三种。(1)倍数+名词(2)倍数+as as(3)倍数+比较级+than 【即时巩固】根据要求翻译句子。(
30、1)亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。（用as as ）(2)这条街是那条街的四倍长。(用倍数+名词)(3)这要绳子比那要绳子长两倍。（用倍数+比较级）句型-2.【教材原句】First I am talking to you today about the way vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste. (P22)【句法分析】句中vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste是定语从句，修饰先行词the way。 修饰way的定语从句可以用关系代词that或in which引导，
31、也可以不用任何引导词。【即时巩固】用适当的词完成下列各句(1)The way_ he is doing the experiment is very funny.(2)It is not what he said but the way_ he said it _made his parents angry.A. which; thatB. /; thatC. that; whichD. which; what句型-3.【教材原句】What Im here to say is that having worked with many environmental consultants, I k
32、now that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time. (P23)【句法分析】此句中what Im here to say 是一个由what引导的主语从句。如果主语是由what引导的主语从句，表语能看得出单复数形式的，一般由表语来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果表语看不出单复数，则谓语动词用单数形式。【即时巩固】用适当的词完成下列各句(1)What we need _ better laws to preserve the environment and still allow our
33、 country to grow.(2) What matters most in learning English_ enough practice.(3) What he referred to in his article _ unknown to the general reader. (4) What some people regard as a drawback_ seen as a plus by many others.句型-4.【教材原句】 Asking around, I find many people willing to pay a little higher pr
34、ice for things that are friendly to the environment.(P23)【语法分析】asking around “四处打听”，在句中做状语，ask与句子的主语I 的关系是主动的关系，因此用现在分词，如果是被动关系，则用过去分词。【即时巩固】(1) _ the children the way she does, Sue should become a teacher. A. LikingB. LikedC. LikeD. To like(2) _ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer pla
35、yers may one day grew the international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given (3)_ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing(4) _ on a park bench and _ the brightly colored leaves _ gently to the ground, he fel
36、t at peace with the world. A. Sitting; watching; fall B. To sit; watch; falling C. Sitting; watching; to fall D. To sit; watching; falling【Feedback】I. 单项填空1. After a long _, the bill was passed by the House of the Commons. A. argue B. debate C. discuss D. quarrel2. What caused this terrible traffic
37、accident? In my opinion, his carelessness _ this terrible traffic accident. A. resulted in B. brought in C. took in D. got in3. The government has announced plans to cut back _ _ _defense spending _ 10% next year. A. upon; toB. on; by C. of; by D. for; to4. Im still working on my project. Oh, youll
38、miss the deadline. Time is _ . A. running out B. going out C. giving outD. losing out5._ we move the picture over there? Do you think itll look better? A. What about? B. How far C. What if D. How come6. Ten years ago the population of our village was _ that of theirs. A. as twice large as B. twice a
39、s large asC. twice as much as D. as twice much as 7. Just in front of our house _ with a history of 1,000 years. A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands8. He is not a bit mean; instead he is always _ to help anyone in trouble. A. possibleB. pr
40、obableC. likelyD. willing9. At home, we should use _ to live a low-carbon life. A. energy as little as possible B. energy as little as possible C. as little energy as possible D. as little as possible energy10. We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems _ the Yangtze River. A. in charg
41、e ofB. with regard to C. in place ofD. in honor ofII. 根据方框内所给短语的适当形式完成句子ask around side by side pour into be concerned aboutopen the floor work with cut back on seeas1. When _, I found Tom was a good boy in the eyes of his neighbors.2. The two children are walking to school _.3. TV presenter, thank
42、you. Lets _ for questions.4. After his first novel was published, he was _ one of the most outstanding new authors of his generation. 5. It shows your friends havent stopped _ you. 6. Mary had to _ expenses when his father was out of work.7. He is _ some environmental consultants to preserve the Yellow River.8. More and more waste and poison _ the water, the soil and the air.
