1、专题六 情态动词和虚拟语气怎么考1.情态动词的基本用法(情感、态度和推测);2.某些情态动词的“偏义”用法,如:shall,must,wont等;3.虚拟语气的考查。怎么学 在平时的阅读与学习中,注意情态动词的基本用法,掌握虚拟语气的句型公式。怎么解 细心体会上下语境,把握作者或语篇中人物的情感态度,然后确定情态动词的选择。.体验考向 1(2016江苏卷,27)If it _ for his invitation the otherday,I should not be here now.Ahad not beenBshould not be Cwere not to beDshould no
2、t have been 答案 A 考查虚拟语气的用法。句意:如果不是他前几天邀请我,我现在就不会在这里。根据句子结构和句意可知,此处为虚拟语气,再结合时间状语the other day可知,这是对过去的行为的虚拟,故if从句要用过去完成时。2(2016浙江卷,15)Had the governments and scientists notworked together,AIDS-related deaths _ since theirhighest in 2005.Ahad not fallenBwould not fall Cdid not fallDwould not have fall
3、en 答案 D 考查虚拟语气。句意:如果各国政府和科学家们不一起努力的话,与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会自 2005 年的最高水平降下来。根据Had the governments and scientists not worked together可知事情发生在过去,因此是对过去情况的虚拟,主句用would have done形式。故选D项。3(2015北京卷,29)Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late.I really _ go now.My daughter ishome alone.AmayBcan CmustDdare 答案 C 考查
4、情态动词。句意:你不能再多待一会儿吗?天要黑了。我现在真的必须走了。我的女儿一个人在家里呢。may可以,可能;can 能够,可以;must必须;dare 敢,敢于。故选C。4 (2015 重 庆 卷,7)Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway _ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.Adidnt writeBhadnt written Cwouldnt writeDwouldnt have written 答案 D 考查虚拟语气。句意:要是没有战争时的经历,海明威就不会写出他的著名小说永别了,武器。该句使用了含有w
5、ithout的含蓄虚拟语气,由语境知,这里是对过去情况的假设,因此主句部分用would/could/should/mighthave done,故D项正确。5(2015 重庆卷,12)You _ be Carol.You haventchanged a bit after all these years.AmustBcan CwillDshall 答案 A 考查情态动词。句意:你一定是卡萝尔,这些年以来你一点都没变。依据第二句可知,此处应用must表示很有把握的推测,意为“一定,肯定”,只用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句或疑问句。6(2015陕西卷,21)You _ feel all the tr
6、aining a wasteof time,but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be gratefulyou did it.AshouldBneedCshallDmay 答案 D 考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意:你可能觉得所有的培训都是浪费时间,但是我百分之百确定,你以后会为你这么做了而心存感激的。should表示推测时指“按常理应该”;need意为“需要”,常用于否定句或疑问句中;shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示允诺、警告、威胁等语气;may表示推测时指“可能,或许”。由句意可知,此处表示语气不强烈的推测,故用may。7(2015天津卷
7、,13)I wish I _ at my sisters weddinglast Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.Awill beBwould be Chave beenDhad been 答案 D 考查虚拟语气。句意:要是我上周二参加了我姐姐的婚礼那该多好啊,但是当时我在纽约出差。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气;由I was on a business trip.可知是对过去发生过的事情的虚拟,故要用过去完成时。8(2014湖南卷,25)Ive prepared all kinds of food for thep
8、icnic.Do you mean we_bring anything with us?AcantBmustnt CshantDneednt 答案 D 考查情态动词。句意:我已为野餐准备了各种食物。你的意思是说我们不用带任何食物了吗?neednt不必,不需要,符合语境。9 (2014 江 西 卷,30)Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorest_become the richest.AshallBmustCneedDmight 答案 D 考查情态动词。句意:生活是不可预知的,即使是最贫穷的人也有可能变成最富有的人。might或许、可能,表示不确定的推测。shall应该
9、,应当;must必须,一定;need需要。10(2014江苏卷,31)It was sad to me that they,so poorthemselves,_bring me food.AmightBwouldCshouldDcould 答案 C 考查情态动词。句意:让我觉得难为情的是他们本身就很穷,竟然还给我带来食物。should表示惊讶,意为“竟然”,符合句意;might表示“可能,大概”;would表示意愿或者过去常常;could“能够”。11(2014 陕西卷,25)My book,The House of Hades,ismissing.Who_have taken it?Ane
10、edBmustCshouldDcould 答案 D 考查情态动词。句意:我的书哈迪斯之屋不见了,谁有可能拿走了呢?need需要;must必须,表猜测时翻译为“一定”,只能用于肯定句中;should应该;could表示推测时,常用于否定句或疑问句中,翻译为“有可能”。故选D。12(2014四川卷,6)I still remember my happy childhoodwhen my mother_take me to Disneyland at weekends.AmightBmustCwouldDshould 答案 C 考查情态动词。句意:我仍然记得我的快乐童年,那 时母 亲 在 周末 常
11、常 带我 去 迪 斯尼 乐 园。根据atweekends可知是过去经常性的行为,would表示“过去常常”。13(2014北京卷,27)_I have a word with you?Itwont take long.ACanBMustCShallDShould 答案 A 考查情态动词。句意:我能和你说句话吗?不会花费太长时间。此处can相当于may,在疑问句中表示征求对方的同意。14(2014福建卷,32)_nomoderntelecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to getnews from around the world.A
12、Were thereBHad there been CIf there areDIf there have been 答案 A 考查虚拟语气。句意:要是没有现代化的电信,我们不得不等好几个星期才能得到世界各地的消息。此处是省略if,将were提前的虚拟条件句,补充完整是:If therewere no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait.,根据句意可知所述情况是与现在事实相反的假设,从句用一般过去时,系动词为were。15(2014浙江卷,16)They were abroad during the monthswhenwewerec
13、arryingouttheinvestigation,orthey_to our help.Awould have comeBcould come Chave comeDhad come 答案 A 考查虚拟语气。句意:我们在进行调查研究的几个月期间他们在国外,要不然他们就来帮助我们了。根据句中的谓语动词were abroad可知描述的是过去的事情,对过去的假设主句部分用would/could/should/might have done,故A项正确。.正误探究 1【误】The streets are all dry;it mustnt have rained last night.【正】The
14、 streets are all dry;it cant have rained last night.解析 对某一事实的否定推测不能用mustnt,而要用 cant或 couldnt 表示“不可能”。2【误】I didnt see Mary at the meeting yesterday.She mightbe ill,I guess.【正】I didnt see Mary at the meeting yesterday.She mighthave been ill,I guess.解析 猜测的事情发生在昨天,因此要用“情态动词 have done”的形式。当动词是 be 时,很容易忽略
15、它的时态意义,要特别留意。3【误】The fire spread through the hotel quickly,buteveryone could get out.【正】The fire spread through the hotel quickly,but everyonewas able to get out.解析 表示成功地做到了某事,肯定句中通常用was able todo sth。4【误】Will I open the window for you?【正】Shall I open the window for you?解析 shall 与第一、第三人称连用,表示征求意见或请求
16、指示,这时不可用will。will通常与第二人称连用,即 Will you.?5【误】Hadnt they saved us,we would have been drownedin the stormy river.【正】Had they not saved us,we would have been drowned inthe stormy river.【正】If they had not saved us,we would have been drownedin the stormy river.解析 当条件句中含有 were,had,should 等时,可省略if,从而把 were,h
17、ad,should 提到主语之前。若条件句为否定句,则只把were,had,should 提前,not 仍放在主语之后。.考点确认 1常用情态动词的用法 情态动词 用法 can/could 表示能力 can表示现在的能力,could表示过去的能力 表示请求 could不表示过去,只表示委婉、客气的语气,但回答时必须用can 表示可能性 一般用在否定句及疑问句中,could也可用于肯定句 may/might 表示请求、允许 might不表示过去,仅表示语气更加委婉客气 表示可能性 表示把握性不大的推测,不用于疑问句中;might表示的可能性比may更小 表示祝愿 may可以用来表示祝愿,但句子要
18、用部分倒装 固定用法 may/might as well do sth“不妨做某事;还是做某事为好”will/would 用于第二人称作主语的疑问句表示请求 表示意志、决心或愿望 表示客观上的习惯,will表示现在,would表示过去 表示推测或猜想 表示按规律“注定会”shall 用在第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见或请示 用于第二、三人称作主语的陈述句中,表示说话者命令、警告、许诺等的语气 用在第三人称作主语的陈述句中,表示法律条文等的规定,意为“必须”should 表示义务、责任、劝告或建议,意为“应该”,与ought to基本相同;should表示主观,ought to
19、表示客观 表示预测,意为“应该会;按理说;想必会”表示意外、惊讶、纳闷等感情色彩,意为“竟会;到底”2.need,dare need意为“需要”,dare意为“敢”,二者都既可作情态动词也可作实义动词,一般在疑问句和否定句中作情态动词用,在肯定句中作实义动词用。Need he go yesterday?No,he neednt.She dare not go out alone at night.3“情态动词have done”的用法(1)“情态动词have done”表示推测 情态动词有can,could,may,might,must,其后跟havedone,表示对已经发生或完成的情况的推测
20、。can仅用在否定句及疑问句中;must仅用在肯定句中;may/might不用于疑问句中。There is nowhere to find them.Where can they have gone?You cant have seen her in her office last Friday;shes been outof town for two weeks.He is upset.He must have been punished.Tom may have passed the driving test,but I am not sure aboutit.He might not h
21、ave gone out because the lights on.(2)“情态动词have done”表示虚拟语气 情态动词could,might,should,need(只用否定形式)等后接have done表示与事实相反的情况,一般意为“本(事实却不这样)”。Considering his ability,he could have done it better.He might have given you more help,even though he was busy.You should have told me earlier.Im sorry,I shouldnt hav
22、e been so rude to you.He neednt have gone to the station yesterday.4虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法(1)基本用法 情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事 实相反 过去式(be的 过去式用were)should/would/could/might动词原形 与过去事 实相反 had done should/would/could/mighthave done 与将来事 实相反 过去式、should动词原形、were to动词原形 should/would/could/might动词原形 If I were you,I woul
23、d do it another way.If I saw her now,I would be very happy.If he had taken my advice,he should have succeeded in thecompetition.If he should come here tomorrow,I should/would talk to him.If it were to rain tomorrow,the football match would be put off.(2)含蓄虚拟语气 有时非真实条件不是通过if引导的条件来表现的,而是通过一些词或短语来表示,如w
24、ithout,but for,otherwise,but等。I couldnt have finished the work on time without your help.But for your timely warning,we would have got into great trouble.(3)非真实条件句省略if的用法 如果非真实条件句中有had,were,should,就将had,were,should提前形成部分倒装,条件句中的if可以省略。Had he taken my advice,he would not have made such amistake.Should it be sunny tomorrow,we would go hiking.Were there no air or water,there would be no living things onthe earth.(4)在“suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,require,insist,desire,urge,recommend”等动词的宾语从句以及would rather后,要用“(should)动词原形”来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等;由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式。