1、Section Grammar 主谓一致语法图解探究发现Following Janes way of studying chimps,our group are all going to visit them in the forest.Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.Jane warns us
2、 that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.Ten hours has passed since I came here.我的发现(1)句中 group 强调成员，故其后谓语动词用形式；句中的 family 和句中的 group 强调整体，故其后谓语动词用形式。(2)句中的主语为动名词短语，故其谓语动词使用第三人称_形式。(3)表示时间、距离、金额、度量衡等名词作主语时，常表示一个整体概念，谓语动词用形式，如句。复数单数单数单数谓语动词与主语必须在人称和数上保持一致，
3、这叫主谓一致。主谓一致的应用主要有以下几种情况：一、名词作主语主语谓语动词可数名词单数或不可数名词单数可数名词复数复数只表示复数意义的集体名词people,police,cattle等复数family,class,group,team类集体名词强调整体单数强调成员复数主语谓语动词只作不可数名词用的集体名词clothing,equipment,furniture,jewellery等单数单复数同形的名词means,sheep,works,deer,fish等根据其表达的单复数意义而定只 有 复 数 形 式 的 名 词 goods,clothes,remains,earnings等复数Tom ha
4、s eggs and milk for breakfast.汤姆早餐吃鸡蛋，喝牛奶。His family is going to move.他家准备搬走。When I visited them yesterday,the family were having dinner.昨天当我拜访他们时，他们一家人正在吃饭。即时演练 1 用所给动词的适当形式填空Land (be)valuable.Not an inch of land (be)allowed to waste.The children (be)very fond of playing farm games.Cattle mainly (f
5、eed)on grass.The equipment of our factory (be)all imported from Britain.Each means (have)been tried to solve the problem,but none is effective.My clothes (be)bought at a discount of 10%.isisarefeedishaswere二、数量概念词作主语主语谓语动词表示单位数量，指时间、金钱、距离、长度、重量等的复数名词短语用于整体概念单数the rest/majority(of)及分数、百分数等根据所指代或修饰的名词
6、而定a number of可数名词复数复数the number of可数名词复数单数quantities of根据quantity的形式而定more than one/many a可数名词单数单数one of可数名词复数单数Four kilometres is not very far.四公里不算远。The rest of the fresh water has been shipped to the city.剩下的淡水已被送入城中。More than one person is involved in the matter.不止一个人被牵扯到这一事件中。点津(1)“more复数名词than
7、 one”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。More children than one are playing in the shade of the tree.不止一个孩子在树荫下玩耍。(2)在“one of复数名词/代词定语从句”结构中，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。只有 one 之前出现 the only,the very 等修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词才用单数形式。试比较：He is one of the students who have passed the exam.他是通过这次考试的学生之一。He is the only one of the students who has
8、passed the exam.他是唯一通过这次考试的学生。即时演练 221.对比填空(用 be 动词的适当形式填空)A number of new houses _ built there three years ago.The number of the students in the class sixty.Large quantities of oil spilling into the sea last year.The rest of the lecture dull.The rest of the bicycles on sale today.were is were isare
9、 22.用所给动词的适当形式填空It is reported that many a new house (build)at present in the disaster area.More than one white rose (have)bloomed.is being builthas 三、不定代词作主语主语谓语动词either,each(of),anyone,somebody,everything,no one等单数both/few/many/several(of)等复数all/some/most(of)指代或修饰可数名词复数复数指代或修饰不可数名词单数none(of)指代或修饰可
10、数名词复数单、复数均可指代或修饰不可数名词单数Each of the books is worth reading.每本书都值得读。Both of the sisters are doctors.姐妹俩都是医生。None of them is/are aware of the danger.他们中没有人意识到危险。即时演练 3完成句子All reach an agreement.大家都急于达成一项协议。All that ends well.结果好，一切都好。None of the books.这些书中没有一本属于我。are eager tois wellbelongs/belong to me
11、All a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能够种各种不同的果树。we need is四、并列结构作主语主语谓语动词由both.and.连接复数由either.or.,neither.nor.,or,not only.but also.,not.but.连接就近一致Both eggs and milk are good for your health.鸡蛋
12、和牛奶对你的健康都有好处。Not only the students but also the teacher wants to go climbing.不仅是学生，老师也想去爬山。点津(1)and 连接的两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，此时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。(2)由 and 连接的并列单数主语前若有 no,each,every,many a等修饰，谓语动词要用单数。The writer and poet was dead yesterday.那位作家兼诗人昨天去世了。(同一个人，注意 poet 前无冠词。)All work and no pl
13、ay makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。Every hour and every minute is important.每一小时和每一分钟都很重要。即时演练 4用所给动词的适当形式填空Every sight and every sound (be)a delight to the senses.Not only he but also all his family (be)keen on concerts.Either they or I (be)responsible for the result of the matter.The girls te
14、acher and friend(be)a young doctor.Not Jack but his parents (be)to blame for the home accident.is/wasare amisare五、其他情况情况谓语动词主语后有with,like,along/together with,as well as,rather than类短语与主语一致there be句式中就近一致不定式、动名词作主语通常为单数主语从句作主语通常为单数定语从句中关系代词作主语与先行词一致The teacher,together with all his students,is going
15、to have a picnic this weekend.老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊。There is some paper,a dictionary and five books on the desk.桌子上有一些纸、一部字典和五本书。Reading often means learning.读书常意味着学习。I will always treasure the moments that were full of pleasures.我将永远珍惜充满欢乐的那些时光。点津(1)多个不定式、动名词作主语表示不同概念时，谓语动词用复数。(2)what 引导主语从句时，谓语动词根据从句所
16、指的内容而定。What he said has been recorded.他说的话已被录音。What I say and think are none of your business.我说什么、想什么与你无关。即时演练 551.用所给动词的适当形式填空 The university estimates that living expenses for international students around$8,450 a year,which a burden for some of them.(be)The basketball coach,as well as his team,_
17、(be)interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.are iswas 52.完成句子I,who,will try my best to help you with your study.我，作为你的老师，将尽力在学习上帮助你。To prevent the air from being polluted _.防止空气污染是我们正在研究的课题。Whether they will hold a party or not _.他们还没有决定是否开派对。am your teacheris what were
18、 now researchinghas not been decided用所给动词的适当形式填空1(2019全国卷)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six (be)stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.2(2019全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report)increases in bear sightings around human settle
19、ments.3(2019全国卷)I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (make)over the years.arehave reportedhave made4(2018浙江 11 月高考)Caffeine (be)in your first Coke.If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar,you ate caffeine.5(全国卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever,the review says it
20、 (be)more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.6(全国卷)Since 2011,the country (grow)more corn than rice.7(北京高考)Chinas high-speed railways _(grow)from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.wasishas grownhave grown8(全国卷)Fast food (be)full of fat and salt;by eating mo
21、re fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.9(江苏高考)The publication of Great Expectations,which _(be)both widely reviewed and highly praised,strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.10(全国卷)Steam engines (use)to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly u
22、npleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.iswaswere used演练提能.用所给动词的适当形式填空1Twenty dollars for the little poor girl (be)too much then.2To master one foreign language (be)very important nowadays.3It is said that everybody (be)going to take part in the game this afternoon.was isis4People
23、 (show)great love to the victims since the disaster happened.5The scientist and engineer _(have)invented a new machine.6Tom,together with his friends,(have)gone out to play.7Every girl and every boy (have)the right to join the club.8(be)either she or you to go and attend the meeting?Neither she nor
24、I (be)9This kind of apple good.Apples of this kind _good.(taste)10The rich for the plan,while the poor _ against it.(be)have shownhashashasamIstastestasteareare.完成句子1Every boy and girl in the area held last night.这个地方的每一个男孩和女孩都被邀请参加了昨晚举行的宴会。2When I telephoned yesterday,the family _.昨天当我打电话时，这一家人正在看电
25、视。3The police a tall dark man with a beard.警察正在找一个留着胡子的黑大个子。was invited to the partywere watching TVare searching for4Our clothing the cold.我们的衣服可以御寒。5His luggage,and he needs someone to help him.他的行李很重，需要有人帮他一下。6All possible means.所有可能的方法都试了。7There are a lot of goods in front of us,which _of the st
26、ore.在我们的面前有很多的货物，它们属于商店的老板。protects us fromis heavyhave been triedbelong to the owner8My shoes,so I have to buy another pair.我的鞋不合脚，我只好再买一双。9A new pair of glasses for her by her friend.昨天她的朋友为她买了一副新眼镜。10Jack and Tom have a picnic tomorrow.杰克和汤姆决定明天去野餐。dont fit my feetwas bought yesterdayhave decided
27、 to.短文改错Recently,our school has held the meaningful discussion on whether it is reasonable for middle school students to have classes on weekends.Some of our classmates believe we should have classes on weekends because we can make fully use of free time to review the lessons we had learnt.Some othe
28、rs are against the opinion,saying we had better to have a good rest on weekends so that we can work effective during the weekdays.The rest agree with neither of the opinion.They have the view which keeping the balance between work and play are important for us.They suggest one day of the weekend should used to learn our lessons and on the other day,we should do something interested or have a rest.答案：第一句：thea第二句：fullyfull;hadhave第三句：去掉to;effectiveeffectively第四句：opinionopinions第五句：whichthat;areis第六句：should后加be;interestedinteresting谢谢 观 看
