1、主题语境9语言学习的规律、方法等学习结果课前 常见单词1academically adv. 学术上；学业上2accurate adj. 准确的；精确的(反义inaccurate)accurately adv. 准确地3achievevt.(凭借努力)达到(目标、地位、标准)(attain)vt.完成(accomplish)vi.获得成功4brilliant adj.光辉灿烂的；杰出的；卓越的；极好的5comprehension n. C理解；领悟；理解力6confuse vt. 使困惑；使迷惑；混淆；弄错confused adj. 困惑的；迷惑的；混乱的；难懂的7content adj.满意的
2、；满足的 vt.使满足；使满意n. 满足；内容；目录8diploma n. C毕业文凭；学位证书9disappear vi. 消失；不见；灭绝disappearance n. 消失；灭绝10distinguish vi. & vt.区别；辨别；使有别于vt.使杰出；使表现突出distinguish between good and evil分清善恶distinguish A from B 把A和B区别distinguished adj. 卓越的；杰出的11download vt. & vi. 下载(文件)12duration n. U持续时间；期间13early adj.& adv.早；提早；
3、在早期；在初期(反义late)14education n. U教育；教育学；教育机构educational adj. 教育(方面)的；有教育意义的educator n. C教育工作者；教师；教育家15focus n. 焦点；中心点；集中；聚集vt.& vi.(使)聚焦；(使)集中；调节的焦距focused adj.注意力集中的come into focus 成为焦点out of focus 焦点未对准的；模糊不清的focus .on/upon 集中于；聚集于16method n. C方法；办法a teaching method 教学方法17middle n常作the middle中间；中央(时
4、间的)中点；(事件的)中途adj.只用于名词前中间(部分)的；中央的中等的18midnight nU午夜at midnight在午夜burn the midnight oil 工作/学习到深夜；开夜车19previous adj.只用于名词前以前的；先前的previous to在之前previously adv. 以前；先前20result n结果；成果 C考试成绩 vi.发生；导致as a result of . 作为的结果result from 因为发生result in 造成；导致21speech nC演说；发言U说话；言语speechless adj. 说不出话的22start vi.
5、 & vt.开始(begin)发动vi.出发；启程(set out) vt.创办；开办nC常用单数开始C常用单数突然一惊start to do/start doing sth.开始干某事get started 开始；着手；动手 start off/out 出发；启程；起先start up 创立；组建启动；发动to start with 首先；起初23store nC商店贮存；储存品仓库 vt.贮存；储存24subject nC主题科目；学科对象语法主语25substantial adj. 大量的；多的26suppose vt. 认为；猜想假定；假设suppose (that) . 认为假如I
6、dont suppose (that) . 我认为不suppose . to be/to do sth.假定是认为应该做某事(be) supposed to be/to do sth.被认为/被当作应该/理应做某事27surprised adj. 吃惊的；感到惊讶的be surprised at对感到惊讶be surprised to do sth. 惊讶做某事be surprised that . 惊讶28swift adj. 快的；迅速的；敏捷的swiftly adv. 迅速地29system nC系统体系；体制；制度systematic adj. 系统的30task n. C工作；任务3
7、1talk vvi.谈话；讲话；说话vt.谈论；讨论nC谈话；商谈；演讲(复数)正式会谈；会议talk .into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事talk over 详细讨论talker n. C谈话者；讲话者32teaching nU教学工作；教学事业C指导；学说；教义33teenager nC(1319岁的)青少年34term n学期C时期；期限C术语in the long/short term从长远/眼前看35urge vt.驱策；驱赶催促；力劝极力主张；大力推荐 nC强烈的欲望；迫切的需要urge sb. to do sth. 催促/力劝某人做某事urgetha
8、t .(should) do sth.极力主张36website nU 网站常用词块1consist of 由组成(构成)2name after 以命名3aside from 除之外4as a whole 总体上5ought to 应该6in a word 总之7take . into consideration 考虑8look up 向上看；查询9make contributions to 对做出贡献10learn .by heart 背诵；记住11at an end 结束；终结12a (great) number of 许多；大量的13make up ones mind 下决心；决定14c
9、ome up 走近；上来；被提出15go in for 参加；从事；对感兴趣16in other words 换句话说，也就是说一、单词拼写(根据提示写出单词)1The team set out early in the morning and arrived at their destination at midnight (午夜) because of the bad weather.2She became a brilliant (杰出的) pianist in spite of her disability.3She is anxious about the speech_ (演讲)
10、contest.4The store (商店) were filled with various goods, which was to be sent to the flooded areas.5If a person appears uncomfortable sharing something personal, change the subject (话题)6Listening to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers (青少年)7I have learned from your w
11、ebsite_ (网站) that you need some people to join the Antarctic expedition.8The new teaching method (方法) may cause difficulty for some struggling students.二、词形转换(用所给单词的正确形式填空)1The drug acts swiftly (swift), preventing heart damage.2You must measure the length accurately (accurate) in order to get the n
12、umber.3It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously (previous) feared.4On the whole, people who go to universities can find jobs easier than those without a good education (educate)5The disappearance (disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronom
13、ical incidents.6Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic (system) project.7How anyone can write such rubbish is beyond my comprehension (comprehend)三、固定搭配(在空格处填1个适当的单词)1The wind is so strong. In other words, it is not good for you to surf in the sea today.2Its no use learning the t
14、ext by heart without understanding it.3All electronic computers consist of five units although they are of different kinds.4People choose a beach to experience the sunshine, the sand and the sea. In a word, people love outdoor activities.5More and more people are going in for table tennis.6The first
15、 thing one has to take into consideration is the cost.7There was a city named after the great man in Russia.8She has given a lot of money to the school and she has made a great contribution to education.四、形变动词(用所给动词的正确形式填空)1We were_downloading (download) music when our computer broke down suddenly.2
16、I am_surprised (surprise) that you should have been fooled by such a simple trick.3The report recommends that more resources be devoted to teaching (teach) fouryearold children.4Everyone is_supposed (suppose) to put forward some suggestions on how to improve our environment at the meeting.5The exhib
17、it is moving on to Atlanta next month. I urge you to_visit_(visit) before then.6Talking (talk) of students, every person has his own opinion.五、熟词生义(写出画线部分在具体语境中的含义)1surprise (熟义：v.使惊讶；感到惊奇) Our troops surprised the enemy in the midnight.v.出其不意地攻击2talk (熟义：v. & n谈话；讲话) (2017全国卷)I was, nevertheless, t
18、alked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness. vt.说服3term (熟义：n.学期) He cannot understand those technical terms in the article.n.术语；说法六、单句写作(依据汉语提示补全句子)1丰富多彩的课外活动能够让我们开阔眼界，充实学校生活，还能使我们得到放松。A wide variety of afterclass activities will broaden our horizons, enrich_the_school_life_and_
19、make_us_relaxed.2我们应该养成制订学习计划的习惯，协调好学习和娱乐两者之间的关系。We should_form_the_habit_of_making_plans_for_our_study_and keep a good balance between study and entertainment.3上一流大学的梦想深深地吸引我们，我们已下定决心去实现这一梦想。The dream of going to the firstclass university attracts us greatly and we_have_made_up_our_minds_to_achieve
20、_it.4我是一名即将高中毕业的学生。我学了十年英语，因此会说一口流利的英语，但是我还是想知道是否还有更多的要求。Im a student who will_graduate_from_a_high_school. Ive learnt English for 10 years and I can speak English fluently, but I wonder if there_are_any_further_requirements.5用红笔画线标出错误是老师常用来提醒学生注意他们作业的方法之一。Underlining the mistakes in red ink is one
21、of the ways that teachers usually use to remind_students_to_pay_attention_to_their_work.课堂 一、这样学主题强化“语言能力”和“学习能力”1confuse vt使迷惑；使为难；使混乱以文化人I am quite confused by Chinese table manners.Id appreciate it if you can give me some tips on how to behave properly at a dinner party.我对中国的餐桌礼仪非常困惑，如果你给我一些在晚宴上如
22、何行为得体的一些建议我将感激不尽。(1)confuse .with/and .混淆；辨别不清be confused by 被弄混；糊涂(2)confused adj. 困惑的；混乱的confusing adj. 令人费解的；令人迷惑的(3)confusion n. 困惑；混淆对点练习单句语法填空I always confuse John with his brother; they are so much alike.I would often get confused (confuse) when I came across new words with a similar spelling
23、.To avoid confusion (confuse), please write the childrens names clearly on all their school clothes.选词填空(confused/confusing)There was a confused look on his face when he met with a confusing problem.2content adj.满足的；满意的n.满足；内容；目录vt.使满足以文化人Those who are content with their present situations will sure
24、ly make no difference in life.那些满足于现状的人肯定不会改变生活。(1)feel/be content with对满足/满意be content to do sth. 满足于做某事(2)content oneself with 满足于对点练习单句语法填空That rich man is tired of city life, so he is content to_live (live) in the country.They seemed as if they had been content with the present situation.She dro
25、pped her purse and the contents (content) fell out on the floor.3distinguish vt.& vi.区别；使有所不同；辨别；使杰出以文化人Papercutting is distinguished as a traditional art form in China, which has a history of more than 1,500 years.剪纸作为一种传统的艺术形式而出名，在中国有着1 500多年的历史。(1)distinguish between A and B区分A和Bdistinguish . fro
26、m . 把与区分开来distinguish oneself as 作为而出名(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的be distinguished for . 因而出名be distinguished as . 作为而出名对点练习单句语法填空They can even distinguish their mothers voice from that of a female stranger. Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish betwe
27、en right and wrong.As we all know, she has already distinguished herself as a great volleyball coach in the world.Distinguished (distinguish) for its diligence and courage, the Chinese Nation has attracted the attention from the world.4focus vt.集中；聚焦n.焦点；中心点以文化人It shows a common phenomenon nowadays
28、that children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents.这表明当今社会的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。(1)focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于focus ones attention/eyes/energy on集中注意力/目光/精力于(2)the focus of attention/concern 注意力/关注的焦点对点练习单句语法填空With his attention focused (focus) on his homework, he forgot al
29、l about what I had told him.With so many people focusing (focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous.5suppose v认为；猜想；假设；假定以文化人Suppose/Supposing that I am an interviewer, I would like to interview Yang Liwei.假如我是一名采访者，我想采访的人是杨利伟。(1)suppose/supposing (that) .假定/假如(2)be supposed to do . 应该做某事be sup
30、posed to have done . should have done .ought to have done . 本应该做某事(实际未做)be supposed to be . 被认为是对点练习单句语法填空Suppose/Supposing (suppose) youve made some progress, you should not be proud.Wearing something new is supposed to_represent (represent) success and hope in the brides new life and in her marria
31、ge.You are late again.You are supposed to have_arrived (arrive) here five minutes earlier.一句多译你本应该昨天就把作业交上的。You were_supposed_to_have_handed_in your homework yesterday. (be supposed to)You should_have_handed_in your homework yesterday. (should)You ought_to_have_handed_in your homework yesterday. (ou
32、ght to)名师点睛suppose/supposing (that), assuming (that), providing/provided (that), given (that)可以作连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，假如”，表示一种假设条件。6urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策n.强烈的欲望；冲动以文化人In preparation for lectures, I urge that you should do some reading.在准备讲座时，我主张你应该做一些阅读。(1)urge sb. to do sth.催促某人做某事urge sth. on sb. 极力主张某人某
33、事urge/it is urged that . (should) do sth.极力主张(2)have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事(3)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的；急迫的urgency n. 紧急；迫切对点练习单句语法填空Parents should actively urge their children to_take (take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.I never felt an urge to learn any sign language before. I make
34、 an urgent (urge) appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation.完成句子It is strongly urged by students that the_library_be_kept_open during the weekend.学生们强烈要求图书馆周末开放。1come up走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出；(太阳、月亮等)升起以文化人A good way to memorize words came up in this lecture.在这个讲座上提出了一个记忆单词的好方法。come u
35、p with想出；提出come across (偶然)遇见；发现；被理解come to 总计；达到when it comes to . 当谈到时对点练习写出下列句中come up的含义He came up to me and asked the time.走近Many good suggestions came up at yesterdays meeting.被提出When the moon came up, the young people began their celebration.升起I planted some seeds in the yard, but they failed
36、 to come up.发芽Ill let him know immediately if anything unexpected comes up.发生选词填空(come up/come up with)Specialists can come_up_with new ways to solve the problem of air pollution.As soon as the project came_up at the meeting, it attracted many peoples attention.名师点睛come up的主语是物，表示“(计划、建议、方案等)被提出”，为不
37、及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态；而come up with主语是人或团体组织，表示“(某人)提出”，为及物动词短语。2make up ones mind下决心；决定以文化人I have made up my mind to study harder rather than waste precious time on those useless things.我已下定决心更加努力学习而不是把宝贵的时间浪费在那些无用的事情上。change ones mind改变主意bear/keep .in mind 记住have .in mind 考虑；打算fix ones mind on/upon 将注意力
38、集中于read ones mind 看出某人的心思对点练习完成句子After graduation from college, they made_up_their_minds_to_go_and_settle in the countryside.大学毕业后，他们决定去农村定居。Peter changed_his_mind after a phone call at the last minute.彼得在最后一分钟打电话后改变了主意。Always bear/keep_in_mind_that your main task is to get your English improved.永远记
39、住，你的主要任务是提高你的英语。名师点睛make up ones mind中的名词mind有单复数的变化，根据ones的单复数来确定mind的单复数。3a (great) number of许多；大量的以文化人Ive heard that our school library is planning to buy a number of new books.So I am writing to recommend some books.我听说我们学校的图书馆正计划购置一批新书，所以我写信推荐一些书。(2)the number of可数名词复数单数谓语不可数名词对点练习单句语法填空In the
40、past ten years a number of high buildings have_arisen (arise) where there was nothing but ruins.Large amounts of money are_spent (spend) on advertisements every year.With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed (wash) away.选词填空(a number of/the number of)In China, th
41、e_number_of cities is increasing whose development is recognized across the world.As China develops fast and steady, a_number_of foreigners are learning Chinese as a second language.名师点睛“large quantities/amounts ofn.”作主语时谓语动词用复数，而“a large quantity/amount ofn.”作主语时谓语动词用单数。4at an end结束；终结以文化人The lectu
42、re was at an end, after which the headmaster showed us around the campus.演讲结束了，随后校长带领我们参观了校园。(1)at the end of在尽头；在末端by the end of 到结束时；到时候为止(常与完成时态连用)in the end 最后；终于 使结束 come to an end 完成；结束对点练习句型转换The meeting was at an end and he set down many key points.The_meeting_came_to_an_end and he set down
43、many key points.(come)We brought_the_meeting_to_an_end and he set down many key points.(bring)We put_an_end_to_the_meeting/put_the_meeting_to_an_end and he set down many key points.(put)5insist that .(should) do sth.“坚持主张”以文化人The teacher insisted that every minute (should) be made full use of to do
44、the work well.(2017天津高考书面表达)老师坚持要充分利用每一分钟把作业做好。用法规则insist that . 坚持认为；坚决要求insist on (doing) sth. 坚持(做)某事注意事项insist that . (1)“强调；坚持认为”，从句用陈述语气；(2)“坚持要求；坚持主张”，从句用虚拟语气(shoulddo)。对点练习单句语法填空He insisted that he (should)_cycle (cycle) to work, and I finally had to give in to him.On the contrary, the volun
45、teers insist that they have_got (get) tired of the life on the earth.The man insisted on finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.完成句子Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places, she insisted_that_she_(should)_organize the trip properly.虽然她不知道去某地的最佳路线，但她坚持要把旅行安排好。In
46、conclusion, so_long_as_you_insist_on_doing_so,_you will reap a harvest.总之，只要你坚持这样做，你就会有收获。6“主语beadj.不定式”结构以文化人Todays homework was easy to do, so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play.今天的作业容易做，因此迈克很快完成作业然后出去玩耍了。用法规则“主语beadj.不定式”结构中，不定式为方式状语且用主动形式表示被动意义。使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：(1) 不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系
47、；(2)常用形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, good, interesting, exciting等。注意事项在此结构中，若不定式为不及物动词，其后应该加相应的介词。对点练习完成句子When I told her the_air_would_be_hard_to_breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她那里的空气很难呼吸，而且会很冷时，她说这将是一次有趣的经历。Although the lady looks el
48、egant, actually she is_hard_to_get_along_with.尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，但实际上她却很难相处。Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favorite.The morning air_is_so_good_to_breathe.在一年的四个季节中，夏天是我最喜欢的。早晨的空气很好呼吸。Even though the problem was_difficult_to_solve,_I didnt give up.即使问题很难解决，我也没有放弃。 “完形”语段练中巩固Peter was an exc
49、hange student from America. He was eager to learn Chinese. Before he came to China, he had learned a_great_number_of (许多) Chinese characters, but he was confused (confuse) about them, and most of the time he could not distinguish (区分) the meaning of a Chinese character. He was not content_with (满意)
50、his present study. But he was not discouraged. Instead，he focused_his_attention_on (集中注意力) his study in class, came_up_with (提出) the question positively, and listened to the teachers advice. He made_up_his_mind (下决心) to learn Chinese well.“双语”美文以读促写Thats What Friends DoSuddenly I knew what I had to
51、do. After all, he deserved it.I sat across from him. “Jack, the way youve been treating me is wrong. Ive never had anyone speak to me that way. As a professional, its wrong, and its wrong for me to allow it to continue，” I said.Jack snickered nervously and leant back in his chair. I closed my eyes b
52、riefly. God help me, I prayed.“I want to let you make a promise. I will be a friend，” I said. “I will treat you as you deserve to be treated, with respect and kindness. You deserve that. Everybody does.” I slipped out of the chair and closed the door behind me.Jack avoided me the rest of the week. P
53、roposals, specs, and letters appeared on my desk while I was at lunch and the corrected versions were not seen again, I brought cookies to the office one day and left a batch on Jacks desk. Another day I left a note. “Hope your day is going great，” it read.Over the next few weeks, Jack reappeared. H
54、e was reserved, but there were no other episodes. Coworkers cornered me in the break room.“Guess you got to Jack，” they said. “You must have told him off good.” I shook my head.(To be continued)译文助读朋友该做的事情突然之间我知道了自己必须做什么，毕竟，他该得到这样的待遇。我在他对面坐了下来说：“杰克，你对待我的态度是错误的。我从没让任何人那样对待过我。作为一个职业人，对我来说让这种局面继续下去是一个错
55、误。”杰克不安地窃笑了几声，向后靠在了椅背上。我很快地闭了一下眼睛，祈求上帝帮助我。“我想让你许个诺，我会成为你的朋友的。”我说，“我会以你该得到的尊敬和善意来对待你，你值得这样对待。每个人都值得这样对待。”说完我就从椅子上起来走了出去，关上了门。这一周剩下的几天里，杰克一直回避着我。就在我吃午饭的时候，建议书、规格说明材料以及信件等被放在了我的办公桌上，被修改过的东西再没见过。一天，我带来一些饼干，放了一些在杰克的办公桌上。又一天，我给他留了一个便条，上面写着“愿你的日子越来越棒”。接下来的几个礼拜里，杰克又出现了。他变得内敛了，也再没有与谁发生过任何风波。同事们在休息室里都逼问我。“我们猜
56、你找过了杰克。”他们说，“你一定好好教训了一下他。”我摇了摇头。(未完待续)二、这样考主题注重“思维品质”和“文化意识”.Reading 精读高考真题，发掘内蕴价值 (2018全国卷阅读理解C篇)1Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly k
57、nit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.2Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to
58、become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have ca
59、used many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.3At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often
60、spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers
61、is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.4Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Me
62、xico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a questionmark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.(语篇中红体词汇为主题词汇)28What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?AThey developed very fast.BThey were large in number.CThey ha
63、d similar patterns.DThey were closely connected.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Some language experts believe . 12,000 languages between them.”可知，一些语言专家认为，一万年前，当世界上只有 500万到 1 000万人时，他们之间可能说12 000种语言。由此可推知，狩猎时代人口少但语言种类很多。29. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?AComplex.BAdv
64、anced.CPowerful. DModern.解析：选C词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致了许多语言的消失，而逐渐被如英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，这就暗示了这些语言逐渐占主导地位，故选C项powerful (强大的，有影响力的)。 30.How many languages are spoken
65、by less than 6,000 people at present?AAbout 6,800. BAbout 3,400.CAbout 2,400. DAbout 1,200.解析：选B数字计算题。根据第三段第一句“At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.”可知，目前世界上有大约6 800种语言；再根据最后一句“The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fe
66、wer people than that.”可知，目前世界上有一半的语言的使用人数少于6 000，也就是说有大约3 400种语言的使用人数少于6 000。 31.What is the main idea of the text?ANew languages will be created.BPeoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.CHuman development results in fewer languages.DGeography determines language evolution.解析：选C主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句和
67、第二段的内容可知，随着人类社会的发展，尤其是工业化、全球化以来，很多语言已经消失，即人类社会的发展使得世界上语言的种类越来越少。故选C。素养透析一、依据语篇隐性考查的“语言能力” 1主题词汇语境中回顾(文中红体词汇多揣摩)2熟词生义语境中辨析(写出红体词汇的语境之义)Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.稳定的 .in the past few de
68、cades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. 占支配地位的；占优势的Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alo
69、ne accounts for well over 800. (数量上、比例上)占3生僻词汇语境中推断(写出汉语意思并识记积累)In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education . 义务的The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. 不均衡的4用构词法解构词汇多领悟(写出词源或意义)In recent centuries,
70、trade, industrialisation (词源：industrialise), the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education . 工业化 .none of these seems to have much chance of survival (词源：survive)5用语法知识破译长难句In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the
71、 spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.分析：本句是由句中第三个and连接的并列句，前面的介词短语in recent centurie
72、s是时间状语，all和前面的名词短语是同位语。译文：在最近的几个世纪，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和全球义务教育的普及，尤其是过去几十年来，全球化和更好的交流，这些都是导致许多语言消失的原因。而且像英语、西班牙语和汉语这些强大的语言正在逐渐占据统治地位。6理清文章脉络文意通、解题准二、煅塑新型人才所考查的“思维品质” 文中第31题主要考查学生的概括性思维。文章通过引用数字和举例子的方法来说明随着工业化和全球化的发展，世界上的语言的种类越来越少。本题的答案从一段中是得不出来的，需要对文章整体理解，对各段段意归纳总结，然后概括才能得出正确答案，这需要考生具有较强的概括归纳能力。三、贴合主流价值观所
73、考查的“文化意识” 本文主要说明了随着人类社会的发展，语言的使用也在发生变化，特别是由于人类生活方式的变化而导致了世界上语言种类的减少。文章旨在让人们意识到随着全球化时代的到来，原本世界上丰富多彩的语言有加速消失的风险。语言既是一种交流工具，又是一个民族的符号和身份的象征。语言的多样性是文化多样性的重要组成部分。文章启发我们要对当今世界上的各种语言和文化保持客观、开放和包容的态度。作为中华民族的一员，人人有责任保护、发展和使用好我们自己的语言。这也是时代赋予我们的使命。.Looking and Speaking 请用英语写出你“看”到的下面图片的主题概要参考答案If_one_wants_to_
74、be_excellent,_he_must_keep_learning._Learning_and_excellence_go_hand_in_hand.一个人想要优秀，就要不断学习。学习和优秀是相互促进。.Writing 增分写作，从写作基本功抓起 写作主题假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter想提高中文水平，进一步了解中国文化。请给他写一封信，推荐学习资源。内容包括：1学习资源：报纸、杂志及其他途径；2推荐理由；3表达祝愿。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。4步写作流程第一步：句写对给词写句be eager to, Chinese culture, recommen
75、d, resource, newspaper, magazine, information, custom, amazing, feel bored, benefit, make progress, understand1得知你渴望提高你的汉语水平，我很高兴。I_am_glad_to_hear_that_you_are_eager_to_improve_your_Chinese.2关于中国文化你想要了解更多。You_want_to_know_more_about_Chinese_culture.3我很高兴向你推荐一些资源。Its_my_pleasure_to_recommend_some_re
76、sources_to_you.4阅读一些流行的报纸和杂志是第一选择。Reading_some_popular_newspapers_and_magazines_is_the_first_choice.5从那里你可以得到大量关于中国风俗的信息。You_can_get_lots_of_information_about_Chinese_customs_from_them.6还有其他的方式。There_are_other_ways.7这些有趣的新闻和故事是令人惊异的。The_interesting_news_and_stories_are_amazing._8你从不会感到无聊。You_will_ne
77、ver_feel_bored._ 9我相信你能从它们那里受益很多。I_am_sure_you_can_benefit_a_lot_from_them.10我真诚地希望你能取得更大的进步。I_sincerely_hope_that_you_can_make_great_progress.11你能更好地了解中国文化。You_can_understand_Chinese_culture_better.第二步：量写够语句扩充12在句4中加入“such as Southern Weekly”。Reading_some_popular_newspapers_and_magazines,_such_as_S
78、outhern_Weekly,_is_the_first_choice.13在句6中加入定语“通过互联网、电视或一些应用程序来体验中国的语言和文化”。There_are_other_ways_to_experience_the_Chinese_language_and_culture_on_the_Internet,_on_TV_or_with_some_apps._14在句7中加入地点状语“在这些资源中”。The_interesting_news_and_stories_in_these_resources_are_amazing._15在句10中加入状语“在学习汉语方面”。I_sincer
79、ely_hope_that_you_can_make_great_progress_in_learning_Chinese.第三步：语写美词句升格1把句5和句12合并为含有定语从句的主从复合句。Reading_some_popular_newspapers_and_magazines,_such_as_Southern_Weekly,_is_the_first_choice,_from_which_you_can_get_lots_of_information_about_Chinese_customs. 2把句8和句14用so .that .句型连接起来。The_interesting_ne
80、ws_and_stories_in_these_resources_are_so_amazing_that_you_will_never_feel_bored._3用have an understanding of替换句11中的understand，并用并列连词and连接句11和句15。I_sincerely_hope_that_you_can_make_great_progress_in_learning_Chinese_and_have_a_better_understanding_of_Chinese_culture.第四步：篇连顺衔接成文Dear_Peter，I_am_glad_to_
81、hear_that_you_are_eager_to_improve_your_Chinese_and_want_to_know_more_about_Chinese_culture._Its_my_pleasure_to_recommend_some_resources_to_you.First,_reading_some_popular_newspapers_and_magazines,_such_as_Southern_Weekly,_is_the_first_choice,_from_which_you_can_get_lots_of_information_about_Chinese
82、_customs._Besides,_there_are_other_ways_to_experience_the_Chinese_language_and_culture_on_the_Internet,_on_TV_or_with_some_apps._The_interesting_news_and_stories_in_these_resources_are_so_amazing_that_you_will_never_feel_bored._I_am_sure_you_can_benefit_a_lot_from_them.In_a_word,_I_sincerely_hope_that_you_can_make_great_progress_in_learning_Chinese_and_have_a_better_understanding_of_Chinese_culture.Yours，Li_Hua
