1、新郑市2014高考英语阅读理解、完形填空类训练（13）及答案阅读理解Plants cant communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants produce volatile compounds，chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attr
2、act insects such as bugs and bees.Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants.A tree under attack by hungry insects, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs a
3、way or even chemicals that attract the bugs natural enemies.Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical sensor(传感器) called an electronic nose. The “enose” can tell compounds that crop plants make when theyre attacked.Scientists say the enose could help qu
4、ickly detect whether plants are being eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses ，enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants.The research team worked with an enose that reco
5、gnizes volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds. Based on these interactions, the enose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper
6、 and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop. These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch (打孔器)The enose, it turns out, could identify healthy c
7、ucumber，pepper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce. It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage by insects or with a hole punch had been done to the tomato leaves.With some finetuning，a de
8、vice like the enose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who
9、 studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.语篇解读植物会说话吗？植物如何“交流”？本文中的科学家们正在尝试用enose来测试植物受到伤害时的反应。1We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by_.A. making some soundsB. waving
10、 their leavesC. producing some chemicalsD. sending out electronic signals解析事实细节题。从文章第一段中的“Instead，plants produce volatile compounds，chemicals that.”可知，植物通过它本身所产生的一种化学物质来进行交流，所以答案选C。答案C2What did the scientists do to find out if the enose worked?A. They presented it with all common crops.B. They fixed
11、 13 sensors inside the device.C. They collected different damaged leaves.D. They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves.解析逻辑推理题。从文章第五段可知，为了证实enose的效果，科学家用受到伤害的叶子与健康的叶子来测试。所以选D。答案D3According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the enose is that it can_.A. pick out ripe fruitsB. spot the ins
12、ects quicklyC. distinguish different damages to the leavesD. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves解析事实细节题。从倒数第二段中的“But even more impressive，the device could tell which type of damage.”可知，最令人惊奇的是enose能够分辨叶子受到的不同的“伤害”。答案C4We can infer from the last paragraph that the enose_.A. is unable to tell the smell
13、of flowersB. is not yet used in greenhousesC. is designed by scientists at PurdueD. is helpful in killing harmful insects解析逻辑推理题。从文章最后一段中的“could one day be used in greenhouses to.”推断可知，enose还没有运用到greenhouses中，由此推断B是答案。答案B*结束From now on, never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your fai
14、lures and shortcomings. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created：the human mind. Success is a choice and not a
15、chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be a success if only you make the right choice.You cannot be successful without first developing your self-esteem. Your level of self-esteem is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over
16、 your life. People with low self-esteem are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are the perennial(长期的) victims and martyrs. They are leaves tossed(摇摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.You can exercise con
17、trol over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. Successful people realize that they are responsible.Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identif
18、y the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.If you associate with positive-thinking people
19、, you are definitely going to achieve success. On the contrary, the opposite happens. We are responsible for finding, planting, and nurturing the seeds that contain future victory, born from setbacks.In short, in all areas of your life, whether they be financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, y
20、ou are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success.57. People with low self-esteem are compared to leaves because they _ .A. are ready to change their mindsB. are easily affected by windy weatherC. dont have the power to face their fateD. ca
21、nt exercise control over themselves58. It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that .A. whether we will succeed depends on our attitudesB. developing confidence is the key to future successC. thoughts and beliefs are the result of creative mindD. setting our expectations is essential before taking actio
22、n59. The last paragraph serves as .A. the proof of the authors pointsB. the conclusion of the argumentC. an introduction to another topicD. a comparison between two views60. Which is the best title for the text?A. Success is a choice.B. The secrets of success.C. Develop our confidence.D. How to achi
23、eve success.参考答案 57-60 ADBD*结束 A A primary school teacher who left a class of 25 pupils in tears after she told them Santa Claus did not exist has been fired. When excited youngsters became rowdy as they talked about Santa, the supply teacher said out suddenly, Its your parents who leave out present
24、s on Christmas Day.The class of seven-year-olds at Blackshaw Lane Primary School, Royton, Greater Manchester burst into tears and told their parents when they arrived home. Mothers and fathers then complained about the incident and were sent a letter by the school saying the teacher, who only worked
25、 at the school for one day last week, has been punished.The school has now said it will not hire her again.One father said, My son came home and said that his teacher had told the class that Santa doesnt exist and its their mum and dad that put out presents for them. Obviously, they were all talking
26、 about Christmas and being a bit rowdy. She just came straight out with it. My son was in tears and so was everyone else in the class especially as it was so close to Christmas. I thought it was wrong. He was crazy about it. Hes only seven-year-old and its part of the magic of Christmas to him. We t
27、old him that she did not believe in Father Christmas because of her religion and hes fine now.The father described the incident as shocking and believed it was done with malicious intent (恶意地). A lot of parents were angry and complained to the school. The teacher, who was supplied by Rochdale and Ol
28、dham Supply Agency, is still listed and will work with other schools, the agency said.However, the head teacher in Angela McCormick refused to comment on the incident.41. Who felt the angriest about the incident?A. The teacher who was fired. B. The parents whose children cried.C. The pupils who were
29、 in tears. D. Santa Claus the teacher talked about.42. We can infer from the passage that .A. the teacher was fired and couldnt continue her career in teachingB. the parents complained about the discipline of the schoolC. the little pupils felt disappointed after hearing the words said by the teache
30、rD. in reality, Santa Claus exists and gives out presents once a year43. Whats the meaning of the underlined word rowdy?A. surprised. B. noisy. C. discouraged. D. annoyed.参考答案41-43BCB *结束 As a teenager of the digital era, it is really hard to say no to fantastic electronic gadgets（电子产品）. Many of us
31、cant get through a day without using our mobile phones or checking our e-mails. No matter if were “home”, “school” or “play”, living without technological toys seems more and more unthinkable.However, although gadgets bring convenience, many of us can start to feel stressed out by them. And, a lot o
32、f electronics are fairly expensive. Fashionable gadgets come and go in the digital age in the blink of any eye. So, think twice before you pulling out your wallet. Here are some of the most popular gadgets and their pros and cons:Pros: Laptops have made our lives much easier. You can take your books
33、, movies, music and homework everywhere.Cons: They cost at least 4,000 yuan! If you only want to share photos or games with your friends, then a flash memory stick is a great cheap alternative.Pros: As well as carrying your favourite music, a video MP3 player can play up to 150 hours of movies and T
34、V programmes.Cons: The price sometimes more than 2,000 yuan is the first concern. Secondly, though music is really important to young people, ask yourself if video is really necessary. A regular MP3 player is a lot cheaper. And remember, dont let the loud volume damage your hearing.Pros: New mobile
35、phones combine traditional functions with a digital camera, MP3 player and even a radio. Some can also send and receive e-mails.Cons: Always trying to keep up with the latest model can be a waste of money. There are always new, improved phones coming out. Dont be a fool. Do you really need all these
36、 functions? Think twice before you buy.57.According to the writer, which of the following statements is true?A. Teenagers cant live through a day without fantastic electronic gadgets.B. Teenagers can hardly live happily without electronic gadgets.C. Teenagers life is full of expensive electronic gad
37、get.D. Its all but impossible for many teenagers to live without fantastic electronic gadgets.58.What conclusion can we draw from the passage?A. Never buy the most updated gadgets.B. You should buy the gadgets with as many functions as possible.C. We neednt always pay the most part to buy the most u
38、p-to-date gadgets with many functions.D. Never buy the latest model, its much too expensive.59.Choose the statement most similar in meaning to the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2.A. Fashionable gadgets are updated in the digital times in a flash.B. Fashionable gadgets are transported everywhere i
39、n the digital age in the blink of any eye.C. People keep buying and throwing away expensive fashionable gadgets in the digital age in the blink of any eye.D. People use all kinds of fashionable gadgets all the time in the digital age.60. What do the words “pros and cons” mean in the selection?A. Agr
40、eements and disagreements. B. The views that are favoured and not favoured by people.C. Dos and donts D. Advantages and disadvantages.参考答案 57-60DCAD*结束AAt Yale University, enrollment in basic Chinese in 2005 grew rapidly, and for the first time professors can remember, large numbers of freshmen were
41、 arriving with enough knowledge of the Chinese language to start in second- or third-year Chinese language class, rather than basic Chinese.The American interest in China is not just at the university level. In the 2006 school year, high-school students will be offered an Advanced Placement test, wh
42、ich is one of the national exams American students take for university admission, in Chinese. This is the first time Chinese is offered in the Advanced Placement test, which is usually limited to the most important subjects that high school students take.What is surprising is that earlier last year,
43、 an organization that tracks university students surveyed high schools throughout America, asking if they planned to offer the language courses that prepare students for the language Advanced Placement test. They expected that only a hundred high schools, mostly in California, New York, and a few ot
44、her places with large immigrant populations, would show interest in each of the new language programs. Although that was true for the courses in Italian, Russian and Japanese, it was not true for the Chinese language course. There were thousands of American high schools that indicated that they plan
45、ned to build their Chinese programs to levels where students could take the Advanced Placement exam for Chinese language. The demand for courses in Chinese is rising so rapidly that it is rapidly overtaking all other foreign languages except Spanish.41. According to the passage many freshmen at Yale
46、 University today . A. know enough basic Chinese B. neednt learn Chinese any more C. take courses in the Chinese language D. go to university to study Chinese42. For university entrance, the American high-school students . A. have to learn ChineseB. learn more than one foreign language. C. take the
47、Advanced Placement TestD. used to have a test in Chinese43. We can learn from the passage that . A. Chinese will overtake all foreign languages in American high schools B. Americans will know more about China and its people C. the U.S. government pays much attention to language studies D. Chinese may take the place of English in American universities参考答案 ACB *结束
