1、专题限时检测(二十二)阅读理解C篇专练(三)(共3篇，限时24分钟)A(2019泰州一模)In 2016, designer Liz Ciokajlo received a task from the Museum of Modern Art (Moma) in New York: revisit the Moon Boot, a fluffylooking snowshoe inspired by the footwear used by the Apollo astronauts.Launched in 1972 at the height of the lunar missions, t
2、he Moon Boot is an icon of the 20th Centurys “plastic age” and the museum administrators wanted a new take on it.Ciokajlo set out to reimagine it.She knew only a biomaterial would work in a “postplastic age”， but the designer also wanted a new destination to inspire it.Our generations space travel o
3、bsession is not the Moon, she thought, but the red planet Mars.And Mars allows you to really think outside of the box.The task led her to an amazing biomaterial that had already attracted the attention of engineers innovating in building materials and of top space agencies like NASA and ESA.Her fina
4、l design, a tall, female, roughlooking boot, can be made on board a spaceship with almost only human sweat and a few fungus spores (真菌孢子), ideal for a sevenmonth trip to Mars with limited checkin luggage.This magic biomaterial is mycelium (菌丝体), the vegetative part of the fungus.It looks like a mass
5、 of white thread like structures, each called hyphae.Collectively, these threads are called mycelium and are the largest part of the fungus.Mycelium has amazing properties.It is a great recycler, as it feeds off a substrate to create more material, and has the potential of almost limitless growth in
6、 the right conditions.It can endure more pressure than conventional concrete without breaking.It is a known insulator and fireretardant and could even provide radiation protection on space missions.On Earth its currently used to create ceiling panels, leather, packaging materials and building materi
7、als, but in outer space it stands out for its architectural potential, says artist and engineer Maurizio Montalti, who has teamed up with Ciokajlo.For her revisited boot, Ciokajlo wanted to use the human body as the source for some of the building materials and decided to employ sweat.Reusing sweat
8、is not entirely new in space exploration but a novelty approach for footwear.She thinks it might make astronauts feel closer to home during the long journey to Mars.The design is still hypothetical, because the real boot submitted for Moma and currently in display at the London Design Museum did use
9、 mycelium but not human sweat, as their deadline was too tight, but the science checks out.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了科学家正在设计只用人类的汗液和一些真菌孢子来制造“月亮靴”。1The sentences “Mars has always been a place where you can dream.It is a place where you can reimagine how to live on Earth. Ciokajlo says.” should be put _.Abetween P
10、ara.1 and Para.2Bbetween Para.2 and Para.3Cbetween Para.3 and Para.4Dbetween Para.4 and Para.5解析：选C推理判断题。 插入句主要讨论关于火星的内容，文章中mars首次出现在文章第三段，因此该句话可以添加在第三段后，第四、五两段在谈论biomaterial，具有连贯性，中间不适合插入其他成分。2According to the passage, which of the following doesnt belong to the characteristics of mycelium?AIt can
11、be recyclable.BIt can protect people from radiation.CIt can grow without limit whatever the condition.DCompared with conventional concrete, it can endure more pressure.解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第六段第二句中“has the potential of almost limitless growth in the right condition”可知，它在合适的环境中成长不受限制，故C项表达错误。3Which of the f
12、ollowing is TRUE according to the passage?AThe new design will be used for moon exploration.BIt will be some time before the new design is put into actual use.CMycelium has been currently widely used, especially in outer space.DHuman sweat wasnt used in the design because of some drawbacks.解析：选B细节理解
13、题。根据文章最后一段第一句“The design is still hypothetical(adj.假设的)”可知该设计还处于设想阶段，还没有实施。4The author takes a(n) _ attitude towards the new design.AoptimisticBindifferentCobjective Ddoubtful解析：选A纵观全文，作者对new design持有积极的态度，故选择optimistic。B(2019扬、泰、南、淮、徐、宿、连三模)Researchers around the world interested in uncovering comp
14、lex human disorders, such as Alzheimers disease, could soon have access to cloned monkeys with genomes that have been edited to display these conditions in China.On 24 January, scientists at the Institute of Neuroscience (ION) in Shanghai reported that they had used geneediting to disable a gene in
15、monkeys that is crucial to their sleep wake cycle.The scientists then cloned one of those monkeys to produce five primates (灵长目动物) with almost identical (相同的) genes.It is the first time that researchers have cloned a geneedited monkey.Primates are the best animal model for studying higher cognitive
16、(认知的) functions and brain disorders in humans, says neuroscientist Muming Poo, IONs director and cofounder of the new 720 million yuan(US 106 million) centre.The advantage of creating cloned monkeys is that it reduces the number of animals needed for certain types of experiments, such as testing whe
17、ther a drug works.But some scientists think that experiments using monkeys should be a last approach because of their higher levels of cognition.Mitchell Lazar, who studies metabolic disease at the University of Pennsylvania, says that some experiments in mice for example, research into the genes be
18、hind human diseases are equally appropriate scientifically as in primates.Research in mice is also more accepted by the public, and the animals are cheaper and quicker to produce.Lazar worries that if scientists have ready access to populations of geneedited monkeys, they might use them for experime
19、nts when rodents (啮齿动的) would do.Poo says that mice are not a good substitute for studying higher cognitive functions and brain disorders in humans.He argues that cloning will reduce the burden on monkeys by cutting the number used in labs.The ION follows strict international guidelines for animal r
20、esearch, he says.Poos team will continue to study the effect of gene editing on their five cloned monkeys.The group disabled a gene, BMAL1, that has a crucial role in maintaining circadian rhythm (生理节奏), the internal clock that helps a healthy sleepwake cycle.In people, BMAL1 mutations have been lin
21、ked to diabetes, hypertension and depression.The monkeys with the disabled BMAL1 genes move more at night and sleep less overall.They also display psychosis related symptoms, such as fear and anxiety, when put in unfamiliar environments.The teams next step is to look in detail at the neural(神经的) mec
22、hanisms that might create these problems.It will also take advantage of the genetically identical monkeys to hunt for diagnostic markers of circadian rhythm related disorders and possible treatments.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了中国开始克隆和人类有着类似基因的猴子，用来做科学实验，从而找到一些比较棘手的疾病的治疗方法。5Why were the genetically identical monkeys
23、 cloned?ATo prove scientists innovation in cloning animals.BTo study the rare characteristics of cloned monkeys.CTo explore many possibilities for monkeys cognition.DTo provide improved animal models of human diseases.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Primates are the best animal model for studying higher cogniti
24、ve(认知的) functions and brain disorders in humans，”可知，灵长类动物是研究人类高级认知功能和大脑紊乱的最佳动物模型。所以克隆更多的和人类有着类似基因的灵长类动物，是为了给人类的疾病提供更好的动物模型。6What does Mitchell Lazar think of cloning monkeys?AIt is of little value.BIt is of much practice.CIt is hardly acceptable.DIt is completely illegal.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段的内容尤其是第二句和第三
25、句“Mitchell Lazar, . says that some experiments in mice . are equally appropriate scientifically as in primates.Research in mice is also more accepted by the public”可知，他认为用小白鼠做实验也能达到用猴子做实验的效果，而且用小白鼠做实验也更容易被公众所接受。言下之意就是用猴子做实验不容易被人们所接受。7From the passage we can know that Poos team will _.Acontinue to di
26、sable a gene on the monkeysBtry to clone more monkeys and edit their genesCfind the similarities between humans and monkeysDdetermine the cause of sleep disorders and find cures解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“It will also take advantage of the genetically identical monkeys to hunt for diagnostic markers of cir
27、cadian rhythm related disorders and possible treatments.” 可知，它还将利用基因相同的猴子来寻找昼夜节律相关疾病的诊断标记和可能的治疗方法。8Whats the main idea of the passage?AChinese effort to clone geneedited monkeys kicks off.BChinese dream to clone monkeys has finally come true.CCloning monkeys is an important breakthrough in science.D
28、Cloning geneedited monkeys has caused some moral risks.解析：选A根据第一段的内容可知，世界各地对发现复杂的人类疾病(如阿尔茨海默病)感兴趣的研究人员，很快就在中国在基因被编辑过的克隆猴上做实验了。再根据第二段最后一句“It is the first time that researchers have cloned a geneedited monkey.”这是第一次有研究人员使用克隆猴，由此可见以“中国克隆基因编辑过猴子的努力开始了”作为文章的标题比较适合。C(2019苏、锡、常、镇三模) Our home galaxy(星系), th
29、e Milky Way, makes for a pretty space picture, and it looks normal at a distance.But a new 3D map reveals a surprise._ _The Milky Way is a spiral (漩涡型的) galaxy, in which stars and gas clouds exist mainly in its spiral “arms”Our massive neighbor, the Andromeda galaxy (仙女座), is also spiral.Spiral gala
30、xies usually appear very flat and easy to see through a telescope, said the researchers.Using 1,339 large, pulsating (脉冲的) stars to make a 3D map of the Milky Way, researchers discovered instead that the galaxys disk of stars is increasingly twisting, most likely due to the spinning of the disk.And
31、the farther the stars are from the center, the more twisted it becomes.Previously, astronomers saw evidence of hydrogen clouds becoming warped (弯曲的) in the Milky Way.This isnt completely abnormal, because astronomers have noticed the same pattern of progressively twisting spirals in about a dozen ot
32、her galaxies.But it does help them make more sense of our galaxy.Because we live in this galaxy, that makes it harder to observe, and dust and starlight make it even more difficult when using telescopes.Trying to determine what our galactic center looks like is similar to trying to find the center o
33、f a forest youre standing in.“It is extremely difficult to determine distances from the Sun to parts of the Milky Ways outer gas disk without having a clear idea of what that disk actually looks like，” lead study author Xiaodian Chen of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing said in a statement.
34、From afar, the Milky Way appears like a thin rotating (旋转的) disk of stars, orbiting the center every few hundred million years.In the center, hundreds of billions of stars and dark matter hold the galaxy together.But as you move toward the outermost reaches of the galaxy, the gravitational glue of t
35、he center fades.In the outer disk, this keeps hydrogen gas from being restricted, which contributes to an Sshaped warping.“Somewhat to our surprise, we found that in 3D our collection of 1,339 stars and the Milky Ways gas disk follow each other closely.This offers new insights into the formation of
36、our home galaxy，” Richard de Grijs, senior study coauthor and professor at Macquarie Universitys Department of Physics and Astronomy, said in a statement.“Perhaps more importantly, in the Milky Ways outer regions, we found that the Slike stellar (星的) disk is warped in a progressively twisted spiral
37、pattern.”So the massive inner disks rotational force causes the outer disk to warp, the researchers concluded.“This research provides a crucial updated map for studies of our galaxys stellar motions and the origins of the Milky Way，” said Licai Deng, coauthor and senior researcher at the Chinese Aca
38、demy of Sciences, in a statement.语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。一张新的3D地图显示了一个让人惊讶的事：银河系正在被它的恒星所扭曲。这项研究使得我们对银河系的恒星运动和银河系起源有了新的认识。9Which of the following might be the missing sentence in the first paragraph?AThe Milky Way is being warped and twisted by its stars.BThe Milky Way is spiral and orbiting itself all the t
39、ime.CThe formation of our home galaxy is due to the force of gravity.DThe origin of the Milky Way lies in its rotational force.解析：选A推理判断题。先看前文“a new 3D map reveals a surprise.”，可见填补句突出的特点是surprise令人惊奇的，然后再看后几段内容的提示，第二段提到“spiral”螺旋型，第三段“Milky Way . increasingly twisting”，第四段“evidence of . becoming wa
40、rped (弯曲的) in the Milky Way”可见A正确。10What does the underlined “this” refer to?AThe Milky Way.BThe gravitational glue.CThe fading of gravity.DThe outermost reach of the galaxy.解析：选C代词指代题。根据this所在的句子的上一句“as you move toward the outermost reaches of the galaxy, the gravitational glue of the center fades”
41、可知当你向星系的最外层移动时，星系中心的引力会逐渐消失，然后“In the outer disk, this keeps . from being restricted ”在外区，this使氢气不受限制，“this”就应该是上文提到的“the fading of gravity”。11Which of the following is true according to the passage? AThe galaxy we live in is unique for its special spirals.BThe stars in the center of the Milky Way a
42、re more twisted.CThe distance from the sun to other stars is already known to scientists.DThe rotation of its inner center forces the Milky Way to twist.解析：选D细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“inner disks rotational force causes the outer disk to warp”可知D正确。12What is the significance of this finding?AIt reveals why
43、the Milky Way is a flat and spiral galaxy.BIt leads to a breakthrough of using 3D technology in space research.CIt proves a previous way of observing the Milky Way while we are living in it.DIt contributes to our knowledge about the Milky Way.解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段的评论“provides a crucial updated map for studies of our galaxys stellar motions and the origins of the Milky Way”可知这项研究为研究银河系的恒星运动和银河系起源提供了一张重要的更新地图。也就是说增加了我们对于银河系的了解。
