1、Period 1Starting out & Understanding ideas学生用书P1.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成句子1.(2020新高考全国卷)Jennifer now is m and has three children of her own.【解析】married。句意:詹妮弗现在结婚了,有三个孩子。married是动词marry的形容词形式,在句中作连系动词is的表语。2.(2021日照高一检测)Since Stella s from a brain disease last month, John has decided to spend as much time a
2、s he could with her in the hospital.【解析】suffered。句意:自从斯特拉上个月患上脑部疾病,约翰就决定尽可能多地在医院陪她。“患某种疾病、遭受之苦”常用suffer from;根据时间状语last month, 可知句子谓语应该用一般过去时。故填suffered。3.Since he was stuck in a lift a year ago, he hasnt (敢,敢于) to get back into one.【解析】dared。句意:自从一年前他被困在电梯里后,他就再也不敢坐电梯了。根据since引导的时间状语从句和助动词hasnt可知此处
3、应该填过去分词,构成现在完成时。4.(2021全国乙卷)After all, coworking spaces also (典型地,通常)use an open office layout.【解析】typically。句意:毕竟,共同工作空间通常也使用开放式办公室布局。typically典型地,通常。5.He and Helen celebrated their silver (婚礼)last month.【解析】wedding。句意:他和海伦上个月庆祝了他们的银婚。wedding n.婚礼,在句中作celebrated的宾语。6.(2021浙江高考)There are two parks l
4、ess than 10 minutes walk from home where neighbourhood children (集中,集合)to play.【解析】gather。句意:从家步行不到10分钟有两个公园,附近的孩子们聚集在那里玩耍。gather v.集中,集合。【近义词辨析】区分gather和collectgather聚集,集合,聚拢collect收集,采集,收藏Clouds gather before a thunderstorm.在雷雨来临之前云层聚集。He used to collect cards, but now he likes to collect stamps.他
5、过去常常收集卡片,现在他喜欢收集邮票。An excited crowd of people gathered around her.一群激动的人聚集在她周围。7.A ring is a (象征) of love between a married couple.【解析】symbol。句意:戒指是一对已婚夫妇之间爱情的象征。symbol n.象征,标志。8.Alcoholic drinks act as a (毒药) to a child.【解析】poison。句意:酒精饮料对孩子来说就是一种毒药。poison n.毒药。9.Even if you have had a regular phys
6、ical check-up recently, you should still seek a medical (意见,看法).【解析】opinion。句意:即使你最近进行了定期的身体检查,你仍然应该寻求医生的意见。opinion n.观点,意见。它受到不定冠词a的修饰,应该用单数形式。10.It was time to go home for a little rest and a (咬) to eat.【解析】bite。句意:该回家休息一下,吃点东西了。bite n.咬,咬一口。.单句语法填空1.We had better eat justsmall snack in such a hur
7、ry.【解析】a。考查冠词。句意:这么匆忙,我们最好吃点小吃。修饰可数名词单数,填不定冠词a。2.After ten years, their (marry) broke up at last.【解析】marriage。考查名词。句意:十年后,他们的婚姻最终破裂了。受到形容词性物主代词their的修饰,应该填名词形式,在句中作主语。3.She became seriously ill and (suffer) great pain and discomfort.【解析】suffered。考查动词时态。句意:她病得很重,痛苦不堪。and连接并列谓语,前一个动词是过去式became,此处也应该用过
8、去式。4.The man rescued the little boy from a (horror) life.【解析】horrible。考查形容词。句意:这个人把小男孩从可怕的生活中救了出来。修饰名词life,应该用形容词horrible,“可怕的,糟糕的”。5.If plastic and rubber are burnt, theyll give off (poison) gases.【解析】poisonous。考查形容词。句意:如果塑料和橡胶被烧毁,它们会释放出有毒气体。修饰名词gases,应该用形容词poisonous,“有毒的”。6.All those present turne
9、d pale, and none dared (say) anything in reply.【解析】to say。考查非谓语动词。句意:在场的人都脸色苍白,谁也不敢回答。dare “敢,敢于”,做实义动词时,后面常常接动词不定式。7.my opinion, my best friend changed my attitude towards life.【解析】In。考查介词。 句意:在我看来,我最好的朋友改变了我对生活的态度。in ones opinion “在看来”是固定短语。8.The language of mathematics is one of signs and(symbol)
10、.【解析】symbols。考查名词复数。句意:数学语言是一种符号和象征。one of “之一,中的一个”,修饰可数名词复数。9. (typical),the Norwegians were on the mountain two hours before anyone else.【解析】Typically。考查副词。句意:不出所料,挪威人比其他人早两个小时上山。typically是副词,意为“典型地,通常,不出所料”,在句中作状语。10.The operation was successfully performed,but the patient suffered shock.【解析】fro
11、m。考查介词。句意:手术很成功,但病人却休克了。suffer from “患某种病,受折磨,遭受之苦”,是固定短语。【名师点津】suffer和suffer from分别如何用?suffer指“遭受苦痛、损失,忍受侮辱”等,其宾语通常为pain,loss,damage,punishment,defeat,hardship,discouragement,disappointment等抽象名词。suffer from指“遭受战争、自然灾害等带来的苦难及患病之苦”,其后常接表示疾病或造成不幸或痛苦的事物的名词。注意:二者一般都不用于被动语态。The patient said that he had s
12、uffered from a bad back.那个病人说他曾患过背疼。Due to the outbreak of COVID-19, the world economy has suffered great loss.由于新冠肺炎的爆发,世界经济遭受了巨大损失。.翻译句子1.听到这个消息,他们都高兴得跳了起来。(doing.作状语)_【解析】Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.现在分词短语hearing the news在句中作时间状语,分词短语和句子主语they之间是主动关系。2.多亏她对事情处理得巧妙,才让麻烦得以成功解决。 (thank
13、s to.)_【解析】Thanks to her skilful handling of the affair, the problem was solved successfully.thanks to.是介词短语,意为“多亏,幸亏,由于”,其后跟名词、代词或动名词,在句中用作状语。【近义词辨析】thanks to & thanks forthanks for=thank sb.for “为了感谢”强调感谢的原因。thanks to. “多亏了”;“由于”相当于because of.。在此短语中,to是介词,后接名词或代词。Thanks to his help,my speech was s
14、o successful that everyone cheered for me.多亏了他的帮助,我的演讲才如此成功以至于人人都为我喝彩。Thanks for lending me your umbrella.谢谢你借给我雨伞。3.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么。(what从句)_【解析】The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.what是连接代词,在本句中引导宾语从句,作谓语动词show的直接宾语;what是代词,在从句中作know的宾语,所以此时不能用that。4.我不敢独自一人去冬泳。(dare to do)_
15、【解析】I dont dare to go winter swimming alone.dare“敢,敢于”,可用作情态动词,其后跟动词原形;当dare用作实义动词时,其后常接动词不定式。5.没有比喝一大杯热咖啡更惬意的事情了。(nothing better)_【解析】Theres nothing better than drinking a big cup of hot coffee.比较级用于否定句,意为“没有比更”,常常可以表示最高级含义。.课文语法填空Ive enjoyed food from both countries ever 1 I was able to hold a kni
16、fe and forkand chopsticks, as I 2(grow) up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother.Dad 3(come) to love spicy dishes that Mum cooks.But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of 4(marry) to my mother.Mum and I all love the food that Dad cooks for us, esp
17、ecially the roast beef and 5(vegetable). However, Mum says that wed better not eat too much roast food as it may make us 6 (suffer) from heat inside our bodies.I can still well remember my first visit to China.I tried different kinds of food and loved them.But just 7 I thought I could deal with all
18、Chinese food, I came across stinky tofu, a 8(horror) grey thing that looked and smelt like a burnt sports shoe.After 9 (gather) all my courage to take a bite, I was amazed to find it wasnt so bad.Now I feel at home 10 food from both cultures.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.1.【解析】since。 考查固定短语。ever since“自从以来”,
19、是固定短语,用于引导时间状语从句。此时,主句常常用现在完成时。2.【解析】grew。考查动词时态。作者在英国长大,这个动作是过去的行为,用过去式。注意grow的过去式和过去分词是不规则的。【知识拓展】常见不规则动词过去式和过去分词become-became-become变得fall-fell-fallen落下hold-held-held举行,抓,容纳bend-bent-bent弯,弯腰break-broke-broken 打破,破裂bring-brought-brought带来burst-burst-burst突然,闯,爆裂deal-dealt-dealt处理,对待drive-drove-dr
20、iven驾驶,驱使come-came-come来,到达3.【解析】has come。 考查动词时态。根据前一个句子Ive enjoyed food from.可知本句也应该是现在完成时。4.【解析】marriage。 考查词性转换。在介词of后,应该用名词作宾语,marry的名词是marriage,“婚姻,结婚”。【误区警示】同某人结婚不是用介词with,要用介词to。marry sb.娶了某人,嫁给某人;be/get married to sb.同某人结婚;marriage to sb.同某人的婚姻。5.【解析】vegetables。考查名词复数。在本句中,vegetables是指各种各样的
21、蔬菜,是可数名词,要用复数形式。6.【解析】suffer。 考查非谓语动词。使役动词make,let,have常常用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,意为“使做某事”。7.【解析】when/as。 考查从句。根据逗号后的主句I came across stinky tofu.可知所填单词的功能是引导一个从句,根据语境,应该填when或as“当时候”。8.【解析】horrible。 考查词性转换。根据空格前的冠词a和后面的grey thing可知本空应该是形容词,用作定语。9.【解析】gathering。 考查非谓语动词。在介词after之后,用gathering作介词宾语。10.【解析】wit
22、h。考查固定短语。feel at home with.“感到宾至如归,对感到舒适”。.阅读理解 A话题体裁词数建议用时饮食健康说明文2867分钟Some years ago,a 28-year-old Californian wife and mother of three children died from drinking too much water.Her body was found in her home shortly after she took part in a water-drinking contest that was held by a local radio s
23、how.Called “Hold Your Wee For A Wii”,the contest organizers promised a free Wii video game machine to those who drank the most water without going to the bathroom.The woman who died drank about 2 gallons of water during the contest.When she and other participants complained of discomfort and showed
24、signs of pains,they were laughed at by the organizers.This sad news story shows the importance of understanding why drinking too much water can be dangerous to your health.Consuming more water than you need can increase your total blood volume(容量).And since your blood volume exists within a closed s
25、ystem,increasing your blood volume puts unnecessary stress on your heart and blood vessels(血管).Your kidneys(肾) must work overtime to get rid of extra water out of your system.Your kidneys are not a pair of pipes.More water through your kidneys doesnt necessarily help it become cleaner.Rather,your ki
26、dneys can get damaged over time.Putting unnecessary stress on your system and your kidneys by consuming unnecessary water is an unnoticeable process.For the average person, it is usually impossible to know that this stress exists,as there are usually no obvious symptoms on a moment-to-moment basis.B
27、ut make no mistake about it: this stress is real and can hurt your health over the long term.【语篇概述】本文为说明文。过量饮水对我们的健康危害很大,我们应该适量饮水。1.Why is the Californian woman mentioned?A.To lead in the topic of the text.B.To tell us a sad story about a mother.C.To tell us it can be dangerous to take part in conte
28、sts.D.To tell us how much water we can drink at most one time.【解析】选A。推理判断题。本文主要是讲过量饮水对身体有害,而提到那个加州女人的故事是为了引出这个话题。故选A。2.What did the organizers do when the participants showed signs of pains?A.Became very concerned.B.Tried to reduce their pains.C.Stopped the contest immediately.D.Didnt pay much atten
29、tion to them.【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“When she and other participants complained of.were laughed at by the organizers.”可知,那些组织者并没怎么在意参赛者们的痛苦。3.Whats the main idea of Paragraph 3?A.How water is consumed in our body.B.The importance of water to our health.C.Why drinking too much water is dangerous.D.The
30、function of kidneys in consuming water.【解析】选C。段落大意题。由第三段最后两句可知,本段主要解释了过量饮水为什么对身体有害。4.What do we know about the stress caused by consuming unnecessary water?A.It isnt that dangerous.B.It can never be found out.C.It is really harmful in the long run.D.It leads to some obvious symptoms.【解析】选C。 细节理解题。由最
31、后一段最后一句“But make no.can hurt your health over the long term.”可知,过量饮水从长远来看对健康非常有害。【词汇积累】1.shortly after.不久2.contest比赛,竞赛3.participant参赛者,参与者plain抱怨,投诉5.consume消费,消耗,喝6.get rid of摆脱,去除7.potential潜在的,可能的B话题体裁词数建议用时饮食文化说明文3097分钟(2021哈尔滨高一检测)Ask people in the UK what the words “Sunday roast” mean to them
32、, and theyll probably take you back to their grandmothers dining roomsmaybe with a few stories of “the greatest puddings” and “the best ever steak”.But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days.According to the Daily Mail, just one in 50 British families sits down
33、 to this weekly meal together.There are many reasons why the roast is becoming less popular.In the busy modern world, where breakfast is a slice of toast eaten on the way to work or school and lunch is a quick sandwich in front of the computer screen, people just dont seem to have the time or patien
34、ce to make a roast.And Sunday was once a day when people could easily go to the kitchen to cook.Nowadays, people are often out shopping or at the cinema until its far too late to start thinking about heating the oven (烤箱) up.However, a recent article from The Telegraph warned against being carried a
35、way by our tight schedules: “It would be a shame to let this fine old tradition disappear.”The Guardian further explained that the eating of the big meal is only the half of it.The Sunday roast also makes for relaxed morning activities in the kitchen, and the table becomes the perfect place to share
36、 good food and chat with family and friends.“For busy moms and dads, even if you can manage to turn off your mobile phone and the TV only once a week and turn the Sunday roast into a real family event, children can have fun cooking the food and clearing up together.”【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了忙碌的生活方式导致英国
37、传统的每周一次的家庭“周日烤肉”活动几乎消失的现象。5.Why do people pay less attention to Sunday roast?A.They have a busy lifestyle.B.They dont think it is worthwhile.C.They have no interest in cooking.D.They are living in the modern society.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“在繁忙的现代社会,早餐是在上班或上学的路上吃一片吐司,午餐是在电脑屏幕前快速吃一个三明治,人们似乎只是没有时间或耐心做一个烤
38、肉。”可知,在这个忙碌的现代世界里,人们似乎没有时间和耐心烤肉了。由此可推知,忙碌的生活方式导致周日烤肉活动正在逐渐消失。故选A。6.How does the author feel towards Sunday roasts dying out?A.Sorry.B.Positive.C.Doubtful.D.Uncertain.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段(然而,每日电讯报最近的一篇文章警告说,不要被我们紧张的日程冲昏头脑:“让这一古老的优良传统消失是一种遗憾。”)判断出对于这项传统的逐渐消失,作者深表遗憾。故选A。7.What does the underlined word “i
39、t” in the last paragraph refer to?A.A recent article.B.A traditional kitchen.C.The fine old tradition.D.The Sunday morning activity.【解析】选C。代词指代题。根据最后一段前两句可知,周日烤肉活动有助于人们在厨房里放松,餐桌成了亲朋好友分享美食以及聊天的好地方。由此可知,吃大餐只是周日烤肉活动的一部分,故it指的是周日烤肉这个老传统。故选C。8.What is the best title for the passage?A.Lets Sit Down Togeth
40、erB.Sunday Roast Dying OutC.Its the Perfect Time for UsD.Sunday-Best Time for Family【解析】选B。标题归纳题。根据第一段中的最后两句及全文内容可知,传统的英国每周一次的家庭周日烤肉活动已经成为过去时。现在,只有五十分之一的英国家庭仍然保持这个传统。下文具体介绍了导致这种现象的原因。所以B选项“周日烤肉快绝迹了”适合做该文标题。故选B。【背景链接】Sunday RoastSunday Roast,是英国的一道传统菜肴,是英伦饮食文化的代表。据说起源于工业革命时代的约克,只在周日有供应。最开始是礼拜天,大家去教堂之
41、前,把肉放到烤箱里慢慢烤着。等从教堂回来,就能吃了。通常就是烤的猪牛羊中的某种肉,配以约克布丁,几种煮的蔬菜以及土豆,并且浇以勾了芡的肉汁。以前还讲究不同的肉配不同的东西,现在一般情况只是肉不同,配料差不多了,通常是胡萝卜、青豆、西兰花。.阅读填句话题体裁词数建议用时策划聚会记叙文2396分钟In May,my friend Jess and I started looking for summer jobs.After a couple of weeks of looking for jobs at clothing stores and restaurants,Jess and I dec
42、ided to try something different.1 We got the idea from something we did last year.Jess and I both love to dance,and we have been taking dance lessons for years.One day last fall,my aunt asked us to organize a birthday party for her daughter.2 First,we did a short dance show for them,then we taught t
43、he girls a few steps.Because it was a girls party,we also brought in nail polish(指甲油).The girls really loved it!3 We went to the library and borrowed books on magic tricks and paper folding.Jesss uncle knew how to make balloon animals and taught us how.4 Jess practiced doing it a lot,so she was bett
44、er at playing magic tricks than me.Before long,we were busy several times a week doing birthday parties,or getting children to enjoy themselves during large family summer barbecues(烧烤野餐).We even came up with the idea of offering cakes and snacks.Now we have our own website.5 We love the name and we
45、love being our own boss.We enjoy working together to make our business better and better.A.People loved our ideas so much.B.We decided to go into business for ourselves!C.We call our business Jess “n” Jacki Party Planners.D.She thought we could organize a dance party,so we tried it.E.Jess and I thou
46、ght of ways to make our parties bigger and better.F.We have decided to work throughout the year,doing one party a week.G.Then he gave us three balls and a book that teaches us how to play magic tricks.【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。主要叙述了两个女孩开创自己的事业:策划聚会。1.【解析】选B。由上文中的“Jess and I decided to try something different.”
47、和最后一段中的“We love the name and we love being our own boss.”可知,作者和朋友决定开创自己的事业。2.【解析】选D。 D项中的She指代上文中的my aunt,且本项中的“we tried it”呼应下文中的“First,we did a short dance show for them,then we taught the girls a few steps.”3.【解析】选E。下文是对E项作者和朋友想方设法办好聚会的具体行动描述。4.【解析】选G。G项中的“play magic tricks”呼应下文中的“playing magic t
48、ricks”。5.【解析】选C。下文中的the name指代C项中的Jess “n” Jacki Party Planners。阅读理解话题体裁词数建议用时手机与交流说明文3087分钟Parties and social gatherings no longer excite us the same way they once did.This is not due to a lack of desire to socialize, but the smartphone.At parties, more people are on their smartphones than on their
49、 drinks.According to a recent International Data Corporation study, well over half of all Americans have a smartphone and reach for it the moment they wake up, keeping it in hand all day.In addition, too many people in society are using smartphones while driving and as a result, they get into car cr
50、ashes.34 percent of teenagers admit to texting while driving, and they confirm that text messaging is their number one driving interruption.Peoples attachment to their smartphones is unbelievably becoming more important than the lives of themselves and others. Just as drivers dismiss the importance
51、of focusing while on the road, many people also fail to recognize the importance of human interaction(交流).When with their friends, some people pointlessly check or send text messages in the presence of a friend, which sends a message to that friend: the person I am texting is more important than you
52、.In addition, relying on our smartphones to make friends does not give us the same advantage as being able to make new friendships in the real world.Face-to-face conversations will give us much stronger communication skills in the long run.As many people risk their lives and the lives of people arou
53、nd them just to send a text or mindlessly check their messages, smartphones are in many ways more dangerous to people.The quality of this technology is preventing societal achievements and weakening the value of communication.Not only is the smartphone affecting our desire to interact face to face,
54、but it is also lowering societys ability to communicate.【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。人们在参加聚会、开车的时候,也在用智能手机发短信,这极大地影响了人与人之间的交流,甚至导致事故的发生。1.How is the second paragraph developed?A.By listing figures.B.By giving examples.C.By comparing facts.D.By analyzing the effects.【解析】选B。写作手法题。第二段介绍了人们使用智能手机的情况,比如聚会上、开车时,并提到了开车时
55、使用智能手机发短信的青少年的比例,因此该段是通过举例子来阐述其观点的。故选B。2.The author calls on us to make new friends .A.by using smartphonesB.in a face-to-face wayC.in different waysD.by sending texts【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In addition, relying on our smartphones to make friends does not give us the same advantage as being able to mak
56、e new friendships in the real world.Face-to-face conversations will give us much stronger communication skills in the long run.”可知,作者提倡面对面交朋友,而不是通过智能手机,因此选B。3.What result may over-dependence on smartphones lead to?A.Friendship will be affected greatly.B.People are more and more narrow-minded.C.Peopl
57、es communication ability can be weakened.D.Face-to-face communication becomes less important.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Not only is the smartphone affecting our desire to interact face to face, but it is also lowering societys ability to communicate.”可知,对智能手机过于依赖会削弱人的交际能力。因此选C。4.Whats the purpose of this
58、 text?A.To call for an end to use the smartphones while driving.B.To appeal to us to pay attention to communication skills.C.To express a concern about the overuse of smartphones.D.To advise us to be cautious about the addiction to smartphones.【解析】选C。观点意图题。全文通过描述人们在社交或开车的时候用智能手机发短信的现象,指出了这一现象背后值得思考的
59、话题:智能手机的过度使用已影响到了人们的日常生活和交流。作者对此表示担忧,因此选C。【经典句式】Parties and social gatherings no longer excite us the same way they once did.(省略了关系词that/in which) 派对和社交聚会不再像以前那样让我们兴奋了。Not only is the smartphone affecting our desire to interact face to face, but it is also lowering societys ability to communicate.(not only位于句首,构成部分倒装)智能手机不仅影响了我们面对面交流的欲望,而且降低了社会的沟通能力。
