1、北京市石景山去2021届高三英语上学期期末考试试题（含解析）第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。On a foggy Sunday morning, Amrisha Vaish was sleeping soundly at home in Arlington, Virginia. The sound that woke him at 7:15 was so loud that he assumed it came from insid
2、e his house. As he got up to _1_ carefully, he heard another sound, this one coming most definitely from outside. Looking out of his bedroom window, he noticed a tree _2_ in smoke about 500 yards away. A car was wrapped by smoke around the trees base, and its engine was on fire.Seeing that, he immed
3、iately grabbed buckets of water and ran to the crash site. Up close, the _3_ looked worse. The car was split nearly in two, and the tree was where the drivers seat ought to have been, as if _4_ there. He thought that no one could have survived this crash, and yet there was 15-year-old Quintin Thomps
4、on, still _5_ with his terrified face pressed against the drivers side window, in visible pain. Vaish tried putting out the fire with his buckets of water yet with no success. When the _6_ got into the front seats, he realized he had to get the boy out of there as soon as possible.Instantly, Vaish t
5、ried to open the back door, but he failed. He picked up a stone beside the tree and hit the back door. This time, it _7_. The back door was opened and Vaish crawled in. Thompson was struggling to get free when Vaish noticed how _8_ his legs were. Using a pocketknife, Vaish sawed through Thompsons se
6、at belt. Now that Thompson was free of restraints (束缚), Vaish pulled him out of a window, and then dragged him to safety before the car was _9_ surrounded by flames. Vaish called an ambulance as Thompson suffered severely. Soon, the doctors arrived and Vaish felt _10_.1. A. analyseB. viewC. examineD
7、. question2. A. envelopedB. chokedC. markedD. rescued3. A. woundB. damageC. engineD. smoke4. A. drawnB. guardedC. sentD. planted5. A. calmB. curiousC. consciousD. confident6. A. waterB. driverC. passengersD. flames7. A. respondedB. changedC. workedD. failed8. A. dirtyB. badC. uniqueD. normal9. A. sl
8、owlyB. entirelyC. simplyD. deadly10. A. relievedB. touchedC. recognizedD. satisfied【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Amrisha Vaish在一起汽车事故中，勇于灭火救人的故事。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他站起来仔细检查的时候，他听到了另一个声音，这个声音肯定是从外面传来的。A. analyse分析；B. view观看；C. examine检查；D. question询问。根据后文“he h
9、eard another sound, this one coming most definitely from outside”可知，这是Vaish仔细检查得到的结果。故选C项。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从卧室的窗户向外望去，他注意到500码外有一棵树被烟雾笼罩着。A. enveloped包裹，包住；B. choked（使）噎住；C. marked标记；D. rescued营救。根据后文“A car was wrapped by smoke around the trees base, and its engine was on fire.”可知，一辆汽车着火了，一棵树被烟雾包裹笼
10、罩着，合乎逻辑。故选A项。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：近距离看，损坏看起来更严重。A. wound创伤，伤口；B. damage损害，损毁；C. engine引擎；D. smoke烟。根据前文“A car was wrapped by smoke around the trees base, and its engine was on fire.”可知，是一辆汽车出了事故，所以应指汽车损坏很严重。故选B项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：汽车几乎被劈成了两半，那棵树就在驾驶员座位应该在的地方，仿佛是栽在那儿似的。A. drawn被画；B. guarded被保卫；C. sent被发送
11、；D. planted被种植。根据前文“the tree was where the drivers seat ought to have been”可知，树在驾驶员的位置好像长在汽车的里面，所以说就好像栽在那儿似的。故选D项。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他认为没有人能在这场车祸中幸存下来，然而15岁的Quintin Thompson仍然清醒，惊恐的脸贴在司机侧的车窗上，痛苦可见。A. calm镇静的；B. curious好奇的；C. conscious意识到的，神志清醒的；D. confident有信心的。根据前文“He thought that no one could have
12、 survived this crash”以及后面yet转折的语义可知，Thompson还活着，神志清醒。故选C项。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当火焰蔓延到前排座位时，他意识到他必须尽快把孩子救出来。A. water水；B. driver司机；C. passengers乘客；D. flames火焰。根据前文“Vaish tried putting out the fire with his buckets of water yet with no success.”可知，火没有扑灭，所以这里指“火焰”蔓延。故选D项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一次，它起作用了。A. resp
13、onded回应；B. changed变化；C. worked工作，有效，起作用；D. failed失败。根据后文“The back door was opened and Vaish crawled in.”可知，这次成功了，所以是这次起作用了。故选C项。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Thompson正挣扎着想要挣脱，这时Vaish注意到他的腿有多糟糕。A. dirty肮脏的；B. bad坏的，糟糕的，严重的；C. unique独特的；D. normal正常的。根据后文“Vaish called an ambulance as Thompson suffered severely.”等
14、信息可知，Thompson的腿伤得很严重。故选B项。【9题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在，Thompson已经摆脱了束缚，Vaish把他从车窗里拉了出来，然后在车完全被火焰包围之前把他拖到了安全的地方。A. slowly慢慢地；B. entirely完全地；C. simply简单的；D. deadly致命的。根据前文“Vaish pulled him out of a window, and then dragged him to safety ”可知，Vaish灭火未成功，汽车一直还在燃烧，所以，Vaish要在汽车完全被火焰包围之前，把Thompson拖到安全的地方。故选B项。【10题详
15、解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很快，医生们赶到了，Vaish感到如释重负。A. relieved宽心的，宽慰的；B. touched感动的；C. recognized公认的；D. satisfied满意的。根据前文“ the doctors arrived”可知，Thompson伤势严重，医生赶到了，能尽快的处理Thompson的伤，所以Vaish感到宽慰，如释重负。故选A项。第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。My mother is an ord
16、inary woman, but she always _11_ (try) her best to deal with things perfectly. With an optimistic attitude, she always thinks of others first _12_ never complains of anything in her life. As a teacher, she has a good sense of humor and makes her students interested in study. She shows great patience
17、 to those naughty ones, _13_ also give great comments on her in return.【答案】11. tries 12. and 13. who【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者自己的母亲虽然平凡，但有着许多方面的优点。【11题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我的母亲是一个平凡的女人，但她总是尽她最大的努力把事情处理得完美。设空处为句子谓语，根据文章时态可知，用一般现在时。句中主语为she，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填tries。【12题详解】考查连词。句意：她乐观的态度，总是为别人着想，从不抱怨生活中的任何事情。前后句
18、之间为并列关系，所以用连词and连接。故填and。【13题详解】考查定语从句。句意：她对那些调皮的孩子表现出极大的耐心，这些孩子也给了她很大的评价作为回报。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，句中先行词为naughty ones，指人，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故填who。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Breaking promises might unintentionally hurt others. A month ago, a classmate asked m
19、e to help him move house. I was unwilling _14_ (refuse) the request directly, so I promised to assist him. Later, I just didnt bother to turn up to help him because I was absorbed in my studies. When I _15_ (run) into him the next day, he told me I had really let him down. Although he forgave me at
20、last, I felt ashamed of _16_ (I).【答案】14. to refuse 15. ran 16. myself【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者通过自身事例说明了违背承诺可能会无意中伤害别人。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不愿直接拒绝这个请求，所以答应帮助他。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语be unwilling to do sth.不愿做某事。故填to refuse。【15题详解】考查动词时态。句意：当我第二天遇到他时，他告诉我我真的让他失望了。此处陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填ran。【16题详解】考查代词。句意：虽然他最后原谅了我，我还是为自己感到羞愧
21、。主语是I，根据句意可知，这里用反身代词myself，表示“为自己感到羞愧”。故填myself。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TikTok, which has taken foreign countries by storm in the past three years, is working its magic _17_ China, too. It is _18_ (especial) popular with teens and young adults. In the annual re
22、port of its parent company ByteDance this week, the domestic version of TikTok, _19_ (call) Douyin, has accumulated 400 million daily active users. The service lets users create, edit and share short videos, many of which are under 15 seconds. It is a great way to spend the leisure time _20_ (enjoy)
23、 these funny videos.【答案】17. in 18. especially 19. called 20. enjoying【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了抖音在国内外都很受欢迎。【17题详解】考查介词。句意：过去三年里，TikTok席卷了许多国家，现在它也在中国施展自己的魔力。国家前，一般用介词in。in China在中国。故填in。【18题详解】考查副词。句意：它在青少年和年轻人中特别受欢迎。修饰形容词popular，前用副词作状语。故填especially。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在母公司字节跳动本周发布的年度报告中，TikTok的国内版本抖音已经积累了
24、4亿日活跃用户。名词domestic version of TikTok与call之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填called。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这是一个很好的休闲方式来享受这些有趣的视频。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。故填enjoying。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASince 1993, Chicken Soup for the Soul has been a socially con
25、scious company that combines storytelling with making the world a better place. We tell the stories of all people through our efforts, always with an eye to furthering unity and understanding, and an appreciation for our differences.Our ProductsBooks: At Chicken Soup for the Soul, we receive thousan
26、ds of stories every year for our books. These stories are the foundation of everything we do. They have inspired our other products and established the values we run our company by. With these stories, our publisher puts out about a dozen new titles every year. Click here to see our over 250 books.P
27、et Food: Were also inspired by the thousands of stories we receive about the love between pets and people. These stories show that every moment matters between an owner and a pet. Our wholesome pet foods are meant to help you turn your own moments into stories. To learn more about our pet foods, cli
28、ck here.TV and Movies: Stories can be told in a variety of ways and today were branching out to what we call “visual storytelling.” Our first regular TV show aired weekly beginning October 2015 and our first Chicken Soup for the Soul feature film came out in 2016.Apps: Chicken Soup for the Soul stor
29、ies have inspired us and were sure they will inspire you, too. Our apps allow you to bring stories with you on the go and share them with friends and family.Facts & Figures The Chicken Soup for the Soul book series of over 250 titles has sold more than 110 million copies nationwide. Our books have b
30、een translated into 43 languages have been published in over 100 countries, and have sold more than 500 million copies worldwide. In 2004, Chicken Soup for the Soul launched Pet Food, Chicken Soup for the Pet Lovers Soul, which today can be found in over 5,000 independent pet specialty stores. In 20
31、08, Chicken Soup for the Soul became the best-selling trade paperback series of all time. In 2013 Kerner Entertainment agreed to produce a film based on Chicken Soup for the Soul.21. From the passage we can know that Pet Food is _.A. a series of stories between pets and peopleB. a sort of value deli
32、vered by the pet loversC. a kind of food sold in pet specialty storesD. a set of recipe books for pet owners22. The “facts & figures” shows that Chicken Soup for the Soul_.A. has developed into a film companyB. has made the world a better placeC. has achieved worldwide successD. has experienced ups
33、and downs23. We probably find this passage_.A. in a travelling guideB. in a science reportC. on the InternetD. on a poster【答案】21. A 22. C 23. C【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了“心灵鸡汤”的产品以及所取得的成就。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Pet Food中的“Were also inspired by the thousands of stories we receive about the love between pets and peo
34、ple.(我们也从我们收到的关于宠物和人之间的爱的成千上万的故事中得到了启发。)”可知，Pet Food是一系列的宠物和人之间的故事。故选A。22题详解】推理判断题。根据文章Facts & Figures中的一系列数据和所获得的成就可推断，“心灵鸡汤”已经在世界范围内取得了成功。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文章中“Click here to see our over 250 books.(点击这里查看我们超过250本书。)”和“To learn more about our pet foods, click here. (要了解更多关于我们的宠物食品，请点击这里。)”等信息可推断，我
35、们可能在网上找到该文章。故选C。BWhen Elvis Presley died on August 16th, 1977, radio and television programs all over the world were interrupted to give the news of his death. President Carter declared a day of national mourning. Carter said: “Elvis Presley changed the face of American popular culture . He was uniq
36、ue and irreplaceable”. Eighty thousand people attended his funeral. The streets were jammed with cars, and Elvis Presley films were shown on television, and his records were played on the radio all day. In the year after his death, one hundred million Presley LPs (密纹唱片) were sold.Elvis Presley was b
37、orn on January 8th, 1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi. His parents were very poor and Elvis never had music lessons, but he was surrounded by music from an early age. His parents were very religious, and Elvis regularly sang at church services. In 1948, when he was thirteen, his family moved to Memphis,
38、Tennessee. He left school in 1953 and got a job as a truck driver.In the summer of 1953, Elvis paid four dollars and recorded a song for his mothers birthday at Sam Phillips Sun Records studio. Sam Phillips heard Elvis and asked him to record “Thats All Right.” Twenty thousand copies were sold. He m
39、ade five more records for Sun. Then in July 1955, he met Colonel Tom Parker, who became his manager in November. On January 10th, 1956, Elvis recorded “Heartbreak Hotel”, and a million copies were sold. In the next fourteen months, he made another fourteen records, and they were all big hits. In 195
40、6, he also made his first film in Hollywood.In March 1958, Elvis had to join the army. He wanted to be an ordinary soldier. When his hair was cut, thousands of women cried. He spent the next two years in Germany, where he met Priscilla Beaulieu, who became his wife eight years later on May 1st, 1967
41、. In 1960, he left the army and went to Hollywood where he made several films during the next few years.By 1968 many people had become tired of Elvis. He hadnt performed live since 1960. But he recorded a new LP “From Elvis in Memphis” and appeared in a special television program. He became popular
42、again, and went to Las Vegas, where he was paid seven hundred fifty thousand dollars for four weeks. In August of 1977, he died from a heart attack. He had been working too hard, and eating and drinking too much for several years. He left all his money to his only daughter, Lisa Marie Presley.24. Th
43、e first song Elvis recorded was_A. a hit overnightB. played on the radioC. sold well in Las VegasD. a gift for his mothers birthday25. How did Elvis begin his career?A. By attending church services.B. By meeting Colonel Tom Parker.C. By recording “Heartbreak Hotel”.D. By getting recognized by Sam Ph
44、illips.26. From the passage, we can know that _.A. Elvis learnt music from his fatherB. Elvis once lost his popularity in the 60sC. Elvis became a drinker when he got a job as a truck driverD. Elviss hair was cut in the army because of his wrongdoings27. Why did Elvis gain great respect after his de
45、ath?A. He had great musical talent.B. He achieved success in all his records.C. He won unexampled recognition in live performance.D. He contributed to the development of American pop culture.【答案】24. D 25. D 26. B 27. D【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了描王 Elvis Presley传奇的一生以及他对音乐的贡献。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In the summer
46、of 1953, Elvis paid four dollars and recorded a song for his mothers birthday at Sam Phillips Sun Records studio.(1953年夏天，猫王花了4美元，在山姆菲利普斯的太阳唱片工作室为他母亲的生日录制了一首歌。)”可知，猫王录制的第一首歌是送给他母亲的生日礼物。故选D。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Sam Phillips heard Elvis and asked him to record “Thats All Right.” Twenty thousand copies
47、 were sold. He made five more records for Sun. (山姆菲利普斯听了猫王的歌，请他录制Thats All Right。卖出了2万张。他又为太阳唱片公司创造了五项纪录。)”及后文可推断，正是通过得到山姆菲利普斯的认可，猫王开始了他的职业生涯。故选D。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“By 1968 many people had become tired of Elvis. He hadnt performed live since 1960. (到1968年，许多人已经厌倦了猫王。自1960年以来，他就没有现场表演过。)”可知，猫王曾经在6
48、0年代失去了他的人气。故选B。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Carter said: “Elvis Presley changed the face of American popular culture . He was unique and irreplaceable”. (卡特说：“猫王改变了美国流行文化的面貌他是独一无二的，无可替代的。”)”可知，猫王去世后获得了极大的尊重，因为他为美国流行文化的发展做出了贡献。故选D。CThe UKs first fully solar-powered home, which removes the need to ever recei
49、ve a gas or electricity bill again, has gone on sale, but it will cost you 1.2 million.The timber-framed home in Great Glen, Leicestershire, contains a number of “zero-carbon features” including solar electric energy, triple glazing and rainwater storage. It is entirely heated by underground water-f
50、illed tubes that are warmed by solar energy from rooftop panels. The house was designed and built by Caplin Homes and covers two acres of land. The design and construction, down to the materials, were used specifically for their low carbon footprint.The solar panels on the roof of the five-bedroom h
51、ouse are called hybrids because they collect both electrical and thermal energy. Solar walls preheat incoming air, and an Earth Energy Bank (EEB) and heat pump can store heat, and get it back for use when temperatures drop. The south-facing triple-glazed windows are said to also improve the houses e
52、nergy management during the winter.All the technologies are regulated by a control system, which monitors the inside and outside temperatures, how much energy is being received by the solar panels, and the heat levels in the EEB domestic hot water tank. Due to its low energy design, the Solar House
53、is expected to only require heat from the EEB for about 10 weeks of the year.For 1.2 million, buyers also get two garages. Estate agent (房地产经纪人) Anthony Fox said the possibility of no utility bills was a big draw for potential owners: the idea is that your bills pretty much disappear and the house i
54、s self-sustaining and self-sufficient. That was a big aspect for most of the people who came to have a look around. “We had a lot of interest on the open day. There were some strong considerations to buy there and then. Everyone was very keen to learn how the house worked.” He added.28. Which is tru
55、e about the UKs first fully solar-powered home?A. It is directly heated by rooftop panels.B. It has a set of heat-storage devices available.C. Its walls can keep cold air from coming in to store heat.D. The triple-glazed windows collect electrical and thermal energy.29. What is mainly talked about i
56、n paragraph 4?A. The monitoring of the temperature.B. The function of the control system.C. The amount of the received energy.D. The significance of the new technologies.30. Whats a big attraction for potential buyers according to Anthony Fox?A. No gas or electricity bill.B. Two additional garages.C
57、. The reasonable price.D. The unique structure.【答案】28. B 29. B 30. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国首个完全由太阳能为能源的住宅的情况，包括这种住宅的“零碳功能”、房子是如何储存热量的以及房子的控制系统是如何起作用的。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The solar panels on the roof of the five-bedroom house are called hybrids because they collect both electrical and thermal energy. S
58、olar walls preheat incoming air, and an Earth Energy Bank (EEB) and heat pump can store heat, and get it back for use when temperatures drop.(这个有五间卧室的房子屋顶上的太阳能电池板被称为“混合型”，因为它们同时收集电能和热能。太阳墙对进入的空气进行预热，地球能源银行和热泵可以储存热量，并在温度下降时将其回收使用)”可知，英国首个完全以太阳能为能源的住宅有一套自己的储热装置。故选B。【29题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第四段中“All the techno
59、logies are regulated by a control system, which monitors the inside and outside temperatures, how much energy is being received by the solar panels, and the heat levels in the EEB domestic hot water tank.(所有技术都由一个控制系统控制，该系统监控室内和室外的温度、太阳能电池板接收到的能量，以及EEB家用热水箱的热量水平)”可知，该段主要是说明控制系统的作用。故选B。【30题详解】细节理解题。根
60、据文章第五段“Estate agent (房地产经纪人) Anthony Fox said the possibility of no utility bills was a big draw for potential owners: the idea is that your bills pretty much disappear and the house is self-sustaining and self-sufficient.(房地产经纪人Anthony Fox说，对潜在业主来说，没有水电账单的可能性是一个很大的吸引力：其理念是，你的账单几乎消失了，房子能够自给自足)”可知，没有
61、水电账单，这对潜在买家有很大的吸引力。故选A。DOver the past half-century, scientists have settled on two reasonable theories related to baby talk. One states that a young childs brain needs time to master language. The second theory states that a childs vocabulary level is the key factor. According to this theory, some k
62、ey steps have to occur in a logical sequence before sentence formation occurs.In 2007, researchers at Harvard University, who were studying the two theories, found a clever way to test them. More than 20,000 internationally adopted children enter the U.S. each year. Many of them no longer hear their
63、 birth language after they arrive, and they must learn English more or less the same way infants(婴儿) do. International adoptees dont take classes or use a dictionary when they are learning their new tongue. All of these factors make them an ideal population in which researchers could test these comp
64、eting theories about how language is learned.Neuroscientists Jesse Snedeker, Joy Geren and Carissa Shafto studied the language development of 27 children adopted from India between the ages of two and five years. These children began learning English at an older age than US natives and had more matu
65、re brains. Even so, just as American-born infants, their first English sentences consisted of single words. The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical American-born children, though at a faster clip. The adoptees and native children started combining words in sentences when their voca
66、bulary reached the same sizes, further suggesting that what matters is not how old you are or how mature your brain is, but the number of words you know.This findingthat having more mature brains did not help the adoptees avoid the baby talk stagesuggests that babies speak in baby talk not because t
67、hey have baby brains, but because they have only just started learning and need time to gain enough vocabulary. Before long, the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on. Learning how to chat like an adult is a gradual process.But this finding also raises an even older and more d
68、ifficult question. Adult immigrants who learn a second language rarely achieve the same proficiency in a foreign language as the average child raised as a native speaker. Researchers have long suspected there is a “critical period” for language development, after which it cannot proceed with full su
69、ccess to fluency. Yet we still do not understand this critical period or know why it ends.31. What is the writers main purpose in Paragraph 2?A. To argue that culture affects the way children learn a language.B. To give reasons why adopted children were used in the study.C. To reject the view that a
70、dopted children need two languages.D. To justify a particular approach to language learning.32. What does the Harvard finding show?A. Language learning takes place in ordered steps.B. Some children need more conversation than others.C. Children with more mature brains skip baby talk stage.D. Vocabul
71、ary makes little difference to sentence formation.33. When the writer says “critical period”, he means a period when_.A. children start to learn a second languageB. immigrants want to learn another languageC. adults need to be taught by native speakersD. language learners may achieve native-like flu
72、ency34. What does this passage mainly talk about?A. What is baby talk.B. Why babies learn a second language easily.C. What affects childrens language development.D. How children expand their vocabulary gradually.【答案】31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了影响儿童语言发展的因素。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段内容尤其最后一句结论“All
73、 of these factors make them an ideal population in which researchers could test these competing theories about how language is learned.”（所有这些因素使他们成为研究人员测试这些关于如何学习语言的理论的理想人群。）可知，第二段的目的是说明为什么在研究中使用了领养的孩子。故选B项。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This findingthat having more mature brains did not help the adoptees avo
74、id the baby talk stagesuggests that babies speak in baby talk not because they have baby brains, but because they have only just started learning and need time to gain enough vocabulary. Before long, the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on. Learning how to chat like an adult
75、 is a gradual process.”（这一发现表明，婴儿说话不是因为他们有婴儿的大脑，而是因为他们才刚刚开始学习，需要时间来获得足够的词汇量。不久之后，单词阶段将让位于双词阶段等等。学习如何像成年人一样聊天是一个渐进的过程。）可知，哈佛的发现说明了语言学习是按照有序的步骤进行的。故选A项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Researchers have long suspected there is a “critical period” for language development, after which it cannot proceed with full suc
76、cess to fluency.”（长期以来，研究人员一直怀疑语言发展存在一个“关键时期”，过了这个时期，语言就不能完全成功地发展为流利的语言了。）可以推知，“关键时期”是指语言学习者可以达到像母语一样的流利的时期。故选D项。【34题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Over the past half-century, scientists have settled on two reasonable theories related to baby talk. One states that a young childs brain needs time to master lang
77、uage. The second theory states that a childs vocabulary level is the key factor.”（ 在过去的半个世纪里，科学家们已经确定了两个与婴儿语言有关的合理理论。一种观点认为幼儿的大脑需要时间来掌握语言。第二种理论认为，儿童的词汇水平是关键因素。）可知，本文主要介绍了影响儿童语言发展的因素。故选C项。第二节（共小题；每小题分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Do you love food? Whether youre a foodi
78、e or someone who just likes eating, there is so much to choose from. We know that too much of the wrong kind of food can be bad for our health, but for some people having a food allergy means that eating certain things can actually be harmful. Such cases may seem uncommon. _35_An allergy is caused b
79、y the immune (免疫的) system fighting substances in theenvironment. _36_ It means that people have to follow strict dietary restrictions, otherwise their lives may be put at risk. Allergy specialist Dr. Adam Fox says “if you look back over, say, 30 or 40 years there are much more serious allergic probl
80、ems around now than there were.”_37_ Last year a teenager died after suffering an allergic reaction from eating a piece of bread containing peanuts. This led to a call for better food-labeling laws.Research has found that this problem is particularly affecting children. _38_ Dr. Alexandra Santos fro
81、m Kings College London says “food allergy now affects about 7% of children in the UK and 9% of those in Australia, for example. Across Europe, 2% of adults have food allergies.”So what might be the cause? Dr. Santos says, the increase in allergies is not simply the effect of society becoming more aw
82、are of them and better at diagnosing them. _39_ She adds that possible factors are pollution, dietary changes and less exposure to bacteria, which change how our immune systems respond. She points out that its very common for migrants who move to another country to develop food allergies in their ne
83、w location.A. It seems to be more environmental.B. A food allergy can affect you at any age.C. Food allergies can cause life-threatening reactions.D. Yet in fact, food allergies are affecting more and more of us.E. More and more of them are having allergic reactions to certain food.F. A lot of work
84、is being done to try and find a cure, but thats not easy.G. We often hear about people having allergies to dairy products or to nuts.【答案】35. D 36. C 37. G 38. E 39. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个事实食物过敏正影响着越来越多的人，并解释了导致食物过敏增加的原因。【35题详解】上文“Such cases may seem uncommon. （这种情况似乎并不常见。）”说明食物过敏这个情况看似不太常见，实际上还是很多。
85、D选项Yet in fact, food allergies are affecting more and more of us.（然而事实上，食物过敏正影响着越来越多的人。）中“in fact”与文意相符。故选D项。【36题详解】下文“It means that people have to follow strict dietary restrictions, otherwise their lives may be put at risk.（这意味着人们必须严格遵守饮食限制，否则他们的生命可能会处于危险之中。）”说明食物过敏可能会导致人们的生命陷入危险。C选项Food allergies
86、 can cause life-threatening reactions.（食物过敏会引起危及生命的反应。）符合上文。故选C项。【37题详解】下文“Last year a teenager died after suffering an allergic reaction from eating a piece of bread containing peanuts. （去年，一名青少年因吃了一片含有花生的面包而产生过敏反应而死亡。）”说明坚果可以导致过敏。G选项We often hear about people having allergies to dairy products or
87、to nuts.（我们经常听说有人对乳制品或坚果过敏。）与下文的花生过敏相符。故选G项。【38题详解】下文“ Dr. Alexandra Santos from Kings College London says “food allergy now affects about 7% of children in the UK and 9% of those in Australia, for example. Across Europe, 2% of adults have food allergies.”（敦国王学院的亚历山德拉桑托斯博士说:“例如，食物过敏现在影响了英国约7%的儿童和澳大利
88、亚9%的儿童。在欧洲，2%的成年人有食物过敏。”）”说明过敏症对于现在人的影响越来越大。E选项More and more of them are having allergic reactions to certain food.（越来越多的人对某些食物有过敏反应。）符合文意。故选E项。【39题详解】下文“She adds that possible factors are pollution, dietary changes and less exposure to bacteria, which change how our immune systems respond.（她补充说，可能的
89、因素是污染、饮食变化和较少接触细菌，这些都会改变我们的免疫系统的反应。）”说明过敏与环境是有关的。A选项It seems to be more environmental.（它似乎更多的是与环境有关。）符合下文过敏与环境有关的话题。故选A项。第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节：（共4小题；第1-2题每小题2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成对该问题的回答。Fair play is important not only in sports, but in all aspects of life, including education. Honest
90、and responsible behaviour in the process of study is known as academic integrity. When discussing fair play, we also need to talk about its opposite, which in the educational context is known as academic dishonesty.Academic dishonesty can come in various forms. One commonly seen practice is cheating
91、. This includes copying someones homework or cheating at a test. Sabotage is another form of academic dishonesty where something is done to worsen other students results. One example of this would be deleting another students essay from his or her computer. A particularly serious form of academic di
92、shonesty is plagiarism: it is when someone copies somebody elses work as their own.Even honest students might unintentionally engage in academically dishonest practices. One common misconception is that sharing homework answers with classmates is acceptable. It is actually helping someone cheat, whi
93、ch also counts as cheating. Another major misconception is that it is OK to paraphrase someone elses ideas without crediting the source. This is still considered plagiarism.Academic dishonesty like cheating and plagiarism destroys trust between you and your peers, and weakens the effort that you inv
94、est in learning. In the meanwhile, your reputation, and even that of your school will be damaged or ruined. All these can lead to a negative learning environment.To help keep a healthy study environment for all, how should we maintain academic integrity? You should first of all keep in mind that hon
95、esty is the best policy: always strive to complete your work in a way that you can be proud of. Secondly, good time management skills make it easier to maintain academic integrity: students who delay writing their assignments and leave them until the last minute put themselves under unnecessary pres
96、sure, and may risk giving in to the temptation of cheating. Thirdly, whenever you are quoting, paraphrasing or summarizing, remember to cite all materials properly.40. What is academic integrity?41. What are the forms of academic dishonesty mentioned in the passage?42. Please paraphrase the underlin
97、ed part in your own words.43. As a high school student, what do you usually do to maintain academic integrity? (About 40 words)【答案】40. Academic integrity is a kind of honest and responsible behaviour in the process of study.Honest and responsible behaviour in the process of study. 41. Academic disho
98、nesty can come in various forms, including cheating, sabotage and plagiarism.The forms of academic dishonesty are cheating, sabotage and plagiarism.Cheating, sabotage and plagiarism. 42. Even honest students might do something dishonest in their studies accidentally.Even honest students might get in
99、volved in dishonest behavior in their studies without intention.Even honest students might behave dishonestly in their studies, but they dont do it on purpose. 43. For me, there are several ways to maintain academic integrity. Firstly, I believe in the policy of honesty, so I never cheat in any test
100、. It is important for the fairness and reliability of the exams. Secondly, I refuse to share my homework or test papers with others. Instead, Id like to tutor them in their academic problems. I feel a responsible help is much better than a temporary aid. Finally, I always remind myself to cite the s
101、ource when I quote others ideas in my writing.【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学术诚信。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Honest and responsible behaviour in the process of study is known as academic integrity.(在学习过程中诚实和负责任的行为被称为学术诚信。)”可知，学术诚信是学习过程中的一种诚实、负责任的行为。故答案为Academic integrity is a kind of honest and responsible behaviour
102、 in the process of study. Or: Honest and responsible behaviour in the process of study.【41题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“One commonly seen practice is cheating. (一种常见的做法是作弊。)”、“Sabotage is another form of academic dishonesty where something is done to worsen other students results. (破坏是另一种形式的学术不端，做一些事情使其他学生的成绩恶化
103、。)”和“A particularly serious form of academic dishonesty is plagiarism: it is when someone copies somebody elses work as their own. (学术欺诈的一种特别严重的形式是剽窃：抄袭别人的作品。)”可知，学术欺诈有三种形式：作弊，破坏和剽窃。故答案为Academic dishonesty can come in various forms, including cheating, sabotage and plagiarism. Or: The forms of acade
104、mic dishonesty are cheating, sabotage and plagiarism. Or: Cheating, sabotage and plagiarism.【42题详解】句意理解题。根据文章第三段“Even honest students might unintentionally engage in academically dishonest practices.(即使是诚实的学生也可能无意中从事学术上不诚实的行为。)”及后文所举的分享作业答案和引用别人观点不注备来源两个例子可知，即使是诚实的学生也可能在他们的学习中无意间做一些不诚实的事情。故答案为Even h
105、onest students might do something dishonest in their studies accidentally. Or: Even honest students might get involved in dishonest behavior in their studies without intention. Or: Even honest students might behave dishonestly in their studies, but they dont do it on purpose.【43题详解】细节理解及开放题。根据文章最后一段
106、“To help keep a healthy study environment for all, how should we maintain academic integrity? You should first of all keep in mind that honesty is the best policy: always strive to complete your work in a way that you can be proud of. Secondly, good time management skills make it easier to maintain
107、academic integrity: students who delay writing their assignments and leave them until the last minute put themselves under unnecessary pressure, and may risk giving in to the temptation of cheating. Thirdly, whenever you are quoting, paraphrasing or summarizing, remember to cite all materials proper
108、ly.(为了让大家都有一个健康的学习环境，我们应该如何维护学术诚信?首先，你应该记住，诚实是最好的策略：永远努力以一种让自己感到自豪的方式完成你的工作。其次，良好的时间管理技能使保持学术诚信更容易：那些拖延写作业，直到最后一分钟才写的学生给自己施加了不必要的压力，可能会屈服于作弊的诱惑。第三，当你在引用、解释或总结时，记住正确引用所有材料。)”可知，文章最后从三个方面告诉我们维护学术诚信。所以答案为For me, there are several ways to maintain academic integrity. Firstly, I believe in the policy of
109、honesty, so I never cheat in any test. It is important for the fairness and reliability of the exams. Secondly, I refuse to share my homework or test papers with others. Instead, Id like to tutor them in their academic problems. I feel a responsible help is much better than a temporary aid. Finally,
110、 I always remind myself to cite the source when I quote others ideas in my writing.第二节：（20分）44. 假如你是红星中学高三（1）班学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim获悉近年来中国的快递业发展迅速，想了解你身边的快递服务情况(delivery service)。请你回信，内容包括：1. 介绍身边快递情况；2. 表达个人的看法；3. 询问对方快递现状。注意：1. 词数100字左右。2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Possible version 1:Dear
111、Jim,Glad to know that you are interested in the delivery service around me. Id like to share something about it with you.Believe it or not, I cant live without delivery service. Owing to it, I feel I have a nationwide shopping cart at my door and anything is just a click away. Its fairly fast and ch
112、eap.I think the delivery service has benefited us. We enjoy the convenience it brings, whether in urban or rural areas. Any bigger bonus? Yeah, many people have got jobs and this is good for our economy.Jim, I hope you can try it one day. And I am also keen to know the express in Britain. Looking fo
113、rward to your reply.Yours,Li HuaPossible version 2:Dear Jim,Glad to receive your letter. Knowing that you are interested in the delivery service around me Im more than willing to share something about it with you.Nowadays, the delivery service has become part of Chinese daily life. We have dozens of
114、 express companies to choose from when we want to receive or send parcels, big or small. Nearly all online platforms offer delivery service for a small charge or for free. That means with a click you can get almost anything sent to you. You just name it, food, drinks, clothes, books and even medicin
115、e.I really feel the delivery service in China is superb and it brings great convenience to our life. Thanks to the deliverymen, we can get anything we want in a short time. Without their efforts, we wouldnt enjoy such a comfortable life. So we should understand and respect them. Their work not only
116、benefits us but also our country. The delivery service has advanced the development of other industries, and meanwhile creates many job opportunities.Jim, I do hope you can have the chance to experience our delivery service some day. And I am also curious about the express in Britain. Looking forwar
117、d to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Jim写封回信，介绍中国的快递服务情况。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 介绍身边快递情况；2. 表达个人的看法；3. 询问对方快递现状。第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）be interested in; would like to; share sth. with sb.; believe it or not; owing to; whethe
118、r or ; be keen to; look forward to第三步：连词成句1. Glad to know that you are interested in the delivery service around me. 2. Id like to share something about it with you.3. Believe it or not, I cant live without delivery service. 4. Owing to it, I feel I have a nationwide shopping cart at my door and any
119、thing is just a click away.5. We enjoy the convenience it brings, whether in urban or rural areas.6. And I am also keen to know the express in Britain.7.Looking forward to your reply.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second And then, Fina
120、lly, In the end, At last2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not onlybut (also), including,3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although + clause(从句), In spite of +n/doing, On the one hand,On the other hand Some,while others,as for, sothat 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】高分句型1：Glad to know that you are interested in the delivery service around me.（这句话运用了that引导的宾语从句）高分句型2：We enjoy the convenience it brings, whether in urban or rural areas. （这句话运用了省略关系代词which或that的定语从句）- 24 -
