1、海淀区2019-2020学年高三年级考前查漏补缺题第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Books were my true friends back then. I was so _1_ (thank) that the authors wrote those books. The kindness they offered me with their books saved my life. After _2_
2、(survive) terrible experiences at school and at home, I made a choice to take the optimistic, positive road in the next steps of my journey. My dream career, one I thought was only possible for the authors I loved, is _3_ I am doing now. I have been a full-time author of teen novels since 2007 and a
3、m grateful for this amazing opportunity to reach out to readers every single day.【答案】1. thankful 2. surviving 3. what【解析】这是一篇议论文。通过发表对书籍的看法来讲述作者对书籍的观点。【1题详解】考查形容词作表语的用法。句意：我非常感激那些写作这些书籍的作者。这里非常感激是be 动词的表语，用形容词来表达。故填thankful。【2题详解】考查动词现在分词作状语的用法。句意：在经历学校与家庭的糟糕的事情后，幸存下来了，。这里介词后接-ing形式表示状语结构，那么使用surviv
4、ing切合文意，故填surviving。【3题详解】考查名词性从句。这里是表语从句连接词使用。从句动词doing缺少宾语，且指物，所以用what引导。故填what。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Its a popular _4_ (believe) that fish cant remember anything for longer than seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that they dont remember what theyve ea
5、ten or _5_ theyve been, and they dont recognize you or any of their friends every moment in their lives would be like seeing the world for the first time. But dont be so quick to feel sorry for them. A recent study _6_ (find) that fish have much _7_ (good) memories than we used to think. In fact, ce
6、rtain species of fish can even remember events from as long as 12 days ago.【答案】4. belief 5. where 6. has found 7. better【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了鱼的记忆力比我们以前想象的要好得多。【4题详解】考查名词。句意：人们普遍认为，鱼对任何事物的记忆不会超过7秒。分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处缺少名词作表语，故填belief。【5题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：想想它们不记得吃了什么，去了哪里，也不认识你或它们的任何朋友，这似乎很悲哀。分析句子结构可知此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少表语
7、，表示“哪里”，作地点状语。故填where。【6题详解】考查时态。句意：最近的一项研究发现，鱼的记忆力比我们以前想象的要好得多。根据语境可知此处强调过去的事情对现在造成的影响，应该用现在完成时，主语是A recent study，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填has found。【7题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意同上，空后的“than”表明此处应该用形容词比较级，而且空前的“much”也修饰比较级，故填better。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。I honestly believe theres a
8、danger that the more connected we are, the more isolated we feel. I dont think this is such an issue for my generation whove lived _8_ technology for so long. We know how to be alone and, more importantly, we know that its OK to be alone. _9_ the under 20s are another kettle of fish. Theyre so busy
9、that they never experience the feeling of solitude and run the risk of not learning how to enjoy their own company. In addition, theyre learning conversation through messages that can _10_ (edit) and changed at the expense of learning the art of real conversation in real time with the person in fron
10、t of you .【答案】8. without 9. But 10. be edited【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者认为联系越多，我们就越感到孤立。作者这一代人知道如何独处，但20岁以下的年轻人却从来没有体验过独处的感觉，他们通过可以编辑和更改的信息来学习对话，却忽略了学习与眼前的人实时对话的艺术。【8题详解】考查介词。句意：我认为这对我们这一代人来说不是个问题，他们已经没有科技生活了这么久。结合句意表示“没有”应用介词without。故填without。【9题详解】考查连词。句意：但20岁以下的人则是另一回事。结合上下文语境可知此处为转折关系，应用连词but，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Bu
11、t。【10题详解】考查动词语态。句意：此外，他们通过可以编辑和修改的信息来学习对话，代价是学习与你面前的人进行实时对话的艺术。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且can后跟动词原形。故填be edited。第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。“Hi!” Steller shouted. “Im driving around giving free haircuts. Do you want one right now?”The man looked to be in his
12、 60s, heavyset and missing a few teeth. “Actually,” he said, “I have a wedding to go to. I was really _11_ to get a haircut.”The man, named Edward, _12_ sat on Stellers red chair. She began to trim his curly graying hair. Then he began to tell her about his childhood, about moving here to be closer
13、to his adult children, and how he still talks to his mom every day. After the haircut, Edward looked in a mirror, exclaiming “I look _13_! Ill remember to put my _14_ in next time. I look better with teeth!”To date, Steller has given 30 or so such haircuts. These clients all live on the margins (边缘)
14、, and she is keenly aware of the _15_ of her clean-up job. “Its more than a haircut,” she says. “I want it to be a gatewayto show value and _16_.”Steller knows that a haircut can change a life. As a teen, she suffered from a(n) _17_ which was so severe that her hair _18_ drastically. Seeing this, he
15、r mother arranged for Stellers first professional haircut. “To sit down and have somebody talk to me like a person and not just an illness, it helped me feel _19_ about and less alone,” she says.After that, Steller decided to have her own salon so she could help people feel the _20_ shed felt that d
16、ay. Not long after finishing cosmetology (美容术) school, she began her Red Chair Project, _21_ out to people on the streets. Although she cant _22_ their problems by giving free haircuts, she believes it might help them feel less _23_ for a moment.Steller listens to peoples _24_ of loss and struggle t
17、o get back on their feet. The attention apparently _25_. When she was cutting a womans hair one day, someone drove by and yelled, “You look amazing!” The woman in the chair beamed. “Im not _26_,” she exclaimed. “I thought I was invisible. Look, people see me!”A Branch of the Red Chair Project is the
18、 Steller Kindness Project, in which people who _27_ acts of kindness are invited for a free makeover (美容) at Stellers salon. In exchange, they tell their stories, which Steller _28_ on her website. Her hope is that by reading about kind acts, others will be _29_ to spread their own.So far, its worki
19、ng. And it all began with a(n) _30_ in simple acts of kindness, such as a free haircut.11. A. hopingB. learningC. promisingD. hesitating12. A. freelyB. gladlyC. patientlyD. voluntarily13. A. fitB. uglyC. goodD. silly14 A. feetB. handC. heartD. teeth15. A. energyB. forceC. lengthD. power16. A. reward
20、B. respectC. sympathyD. determination17. A. attackB. threatC. accidentD. disease18. A. thinnedB. loosenedC. whitenedD. shortened19. A. caredB. worriedC. knownD. thought20. A. useB. wayC. needD. reason21. A. runningB. callingC. reachingD. pointing22. A. fixB. faceC. raiseD. present23. A. afraidB. alo
21、neC. annoyedD. ashamed24. A. complaintsB. explanationsC. desiresD. stories25. A. disappearsB. growsC. worksD. spreads26. A. innocentB. invisibleC. unimportantD. uncommon27. A. appreciateB. discoverC. commitD. witness28. A. createsB. enjoysC. sellsD. shares29. A. urgedB. allowedC. inspiredD. persuade
22、d30. A. beliefB. trustC. investmentD. pleasure【答案】11. A 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. D 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. A 20. B 21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，Steller在去明尼苏达州工作的路上下高速公路后帮陌生人免费理发传递善行的事迹。【11题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“实际上，”他说，“我要去参加一个婚礼。我真的希望做一个发型。”A. hoping希望；B. learni
23、ng学习；C. promising承诺；D. hesitating犹豫。由上文的I have a wedding to go to可知，去参加婚礼要一个好形象，所以希望弄一个发型。故选A项。【12题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个叫爱德华的人很高兴地坐在Steller的红色椅子上。A. freely自由地；B. gladly高兴地；C. patiently耐心地；D. voluntarily自愿地。由上文语境可知，Steller免费帮他理发，所以他会高兴地坐在Steller的红色椅子上。故选B项。【13题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我剪了头发后，很好看！A. fit健壮的；B. ugly
24、丑陋的；C. good好看的；D. silly愚蠢的。由全文语境可知，理完发的爱德华很好看。故选C项。【14题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：下次我会记得把牙放进去的。A. feet脚；B. hand手；C. heart心；D. teeth牙齿。由上文的missing a few teeth和下文的I look better with teeth可知，爱德华缺了一些牙齿，有牙齿会更好看，所以他要在嘴里放牙齿。故选D项。【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些客户都生活在边缘，她敏锐地意识到她清理工作的力量。A. energy精力；B. force力量；C. length长度；D. power力
25、量。由上文的These clients all live on the margins可知，Steller为边缘人理发，所以她意识到这份工作的力量。故选D项。【16题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望它成为展示价值和尊重的门户。A. reward奖励；B. respect尊重；C. sympathy同情；D. determination决心。由上文的“她意识到这份工作的力量”和value可知，此处指展示价值和尊重的门户。故选B项。【17题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：十几岁的时候，她患了一种非常严重的疾病，以至于头发大幅度变薄了。A. attack袭击；B. threat威胁；C. acci
26、dent事故；D. disease疾病。由下文的To sit down and have somebody talk to me like a person and not just an illness可知，Steller头发变薄的很严重，是因为她得了病。故选D项。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：十几岁时候，她患了一种非常严重的疾病，以至于头发大幅度变薄了。A. thinned变薄；B. loosened松开；C. whitened变白；D. shortened缩短。由全文语境可知，此处指Steller因生病头发变薄。故选A项。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“坐下来，别人
27、像对一个人一样和我说话，而不仅仅是一种疾病，这让我感觉到了关心，也减少了孤独感。”。A. cared关心；B. worried担忧；C. known知道；D. thought思考。由上文的have somebody talk to me like a person and not just an illness可知，别人像对一个人一样和Steller说话，而不仅仅是一种疾病，这让Steller感觉到了关心。故选A项。【20题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，Steller决定拥有自己的沙龙，这样她就能帮助人们感受到她那天的感受。A. use用法；B. way方式；C. need需要；D.
28、 reason理由。由上文语境可知，Steller从别人那里感受到了关心，所以她希望自己的沙龙能帮助人们感受到她那天的感受，the way (that)+定语从句。故选B项。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在美容学校学完技术后不久，她就开始了她的红椅子计划，向街上的人们伸出援手。A. running跑步；B. calling打电话；C. reaching伸出；D. pointing指出。由上文的she could help people feel the _10_ shed felt that day可知，Steller要伸出援手帮助街上的人。故选C项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句
29、意：尽管她不能通过免费理发来解决他们的问题，但她相信这可能会帮助他们暂时不再感到孤独。A. fix修理、解决；B. face面对；C. raise提高；D. present展示。由全文语境可知，理发并不能解决问题，只能给予关心和排解孤独。故选A项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管她不能通过免费理发来解决他们的问题，但她相信这可能会帮助他们暂时不再感到孤独。A. afraid害怕的；B. alone孤独的；C. annoyed恼怒的；D. ashamed羞愧的。由上文的it helped me feel _9_ about and less alone可知，理发能帮助人们暂时不再感到
30、孤独。故选B项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Steller倾听人们关于失去并挣扎着重新站起来故事。A. complaints抱怨；B. explanations解释；C. desires欲望；D. stories故事。由下文的loss and struggle to get back on their feet可知，此处指的是失去并挣扎着重新站起来的故事。故选D项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：注意力显然起作用了。A. disappears消失；B. grows成长；C. works工作；D. spreads扩散。由下文语境可知，开车经过的人说被理发的女人看起来棒极了，然后这
31、个被理发的女人说自己不再是隐形的了，说明（别人的）注意力起了作用。故选C项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我不是隐形的，”她喊道。A. innocent天真的；B. invisible隐形的；C. unimportant不重要的；D. uncommon不普通的。由下文的I thought I was invisible可知，被理发的女人现在认为自己不是隐形的。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：红椅子项目的一个分支是Steller善举项目，在Steller的沙龙里，那些做善事的人会被邀请进行一次免费的（美容）改造。A. appreciate欣赏；B. discover发
32、现；C. commit做出；D. witness目击。由下文的are invited for a free makeover可知，肯定是做好事的人会被邀请进行一次免费的（美容）改造。故选C项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为交换，他们讲述自己的故事，Steller在她的网站上分享。A. creates创造；B. enjoys喜欢；C. sells卖；D. shares分享。由全文语境可知，此处指Steller把别人的好人好事故事分享在自己的网站上。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她希望通过阅读有关善良行为的文章，其他人将受到启发，传播自己的行为。A. urged催促；
33、B. allowed允许；C. inspired启发、激励；D. persuaded说服。由下文的to spread their own可知，是希望别人收到启发，也做好人好事，传播善行。故选C项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一切都是以一个简单善举的信念开始的，比如免费理发。A. belief信念；B. trust信任；C. investment投资；D. pleasure快乐。由全文语境可知，Steller就是以一个简单善举的信念开始，然后开启了她帮人免费理发之举，传播善行。故选A项。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所
34、给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AGet involved with our researchSome of our research projects rely on the generosity of people like you. Whether its using your home PC, taking part in a clinical trial, or simply volunteering your time for a study, you may be able to contribute to some of the ground
35、-breaking projects which make the University of Oxford a world leader in research. Watch this space for ways in which you could get involved.Seeking poor sleepers for insomnia researchTrouble sleeping? Researchers from the Sleep & Circadian Neuroscience Institute at the University of Oxford are eval
36、uating different interventions aimed at improving sleep. We are looking for poor sleepers between the ages of 18 and 65. Participation will involve spending overnights in the sleep laboratory at Oxford, monitoring your sleep/wake cycle, and completing computerised tasks. Depending on the study you v
37、olunteer for, you will either undergo an online self-help treatment programme or lab-based non-invasive brain stimulation sessions prior to bedtime. You will be reimbursed for your time.If you are interested in taking part or would like more information, please contact the research team directly at
38、insomniandcn.ox.ac.ukVolunteers with lazy eye wantedWe are looking for volunteers with a history of lazy eye to take part in our brain scanning study on how binocular(双眼的) vision relates to brain chemistry. We are looking for healthy, fluent English volunteers aged 18-45 with a history of lazy eye.
39、You will also be asked questions about your medical history to check your suitability for an MRI scan.Call 01865 223622 for more information.Oxford Vaccine GroupThe Oxford Vaccine Group is an independent multi-disciplinary clinical trials and epidemiology group. OVG works towards the goal of develop
40、ing new and improved vaccines for the prevention of infection in adults and children, enhancing the understanding of immunity and studying the epidemiology of infectious diseases.To find out which research projects are currently recruiting volunteers, please see the OVG website or email infoovg.ox.a
41、c.uk .Oxford Experimental lab for the Social SciencesThe Oxford Internet Institute, together with the Business School, is recruiting individuals to participate in computer-based experiments involving online surfing behavior as well as economic and political decision-making. We pay our subjects well,
42、 there are no special skills required and you dont have to be a student to take part!Contact us at socialscience.studyox.ac.uk for more information.31. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To offer medical help to patientsB. To look for experienced researchersC. To introduce new research progr
43、amsD. To recruit volunteers for research projects32. The goal of OVG is to _.A. carry out clinical trialsB. produce vaccines against virusesC. learn more about the immune systemD. study the occurrence of infectious diseases33. You can finish the experiment on your home PC if you join _.A. Oxford Vac
44、cine GroupB. Insomnia research groupC. Oxford Experimental labD. Brain Scanning study group【答案】31. D 32. B 33. C【解析】这是一篇应用文。旨在通过介绍一些医药公司以便招募一些作医药研究的人。【31题详解】推理判断题。考查此类题型中的目的意图。首段首句Some of our research projects rely on the generosity of people like you.和尾句Watch this space for ways in which you could
45、get involved.我们的一些研究项目需要你这样大方的人来参与；看看适合你的空缺位置。下文最后一段也有说明recruiting，招募新人。说明此篇文章的目的意图是为研究项目招募志愿者。故选D。【32题详解】细节理解题。审题得知关键词是OVG的目的是。可定位于此：OVG works towards the goal of developing new and improved vaccines for the prevention of infection in adults and children, OVG目标指向培育新的改进了的疫苗以便阻止成人和小孩被感染。可知OVG的目标是生产抗病
46、毒疫苗。故选B。【33题详解】细节理解题。审题定位于此：The Oxford Internet Institute, together with the Business School, is recruiting individuals to participate in computer-based experiments involving online surfing behavior as well as economic and political decision-making.这里关键词信息是recruiting和participate in computer-based ex
47、periments可知，牛津互联网研究所和商学院，正在招募个人参与基于计算机实验。所以如果你加入牛津实验室，就可以在家用电脑上完成实验。故选C。BTHE OLD FISHERMANOur house was directly across a popular hospital. We rented the upstairs rooms to outpatients at the clinic. One summer evening, there was a knock at the door. I opened it to see a truly awful looking man, his
48、face lopsided from swelling, red and raw. He told me hed been hunting for a room since noon but he had no success. “I guess its my face. I know it looks terrible, but my doctor says with a few more treatments”For a moment I hesitated, but his next words convinced me: “I could sleep in this rocking c
49、hair on the porch. My bus leaves early in the morning.” I told him we would find him a bed, but to rest on the porch. It didnt take a long time to see that this old man had an oversized heart crowded into that tiny body. He told me he fished for a living to support his daughter, her five children, a
50、nd her husband, who was hopelessly crippled from a back injury. He didnt tell it by way of complaint. He was grateful that no pain accompanied his disease.At bedtime, we put a camp cot in the childrens room for him. When I got up in the morning, the bed linens were neatly folded and the little man w
51、as out on the porch. Before he left for his bus, haltingly, he said, “Could I please come back and stay the next time I have a treatment? I can sleep fine in a chair.” He paused a moment and then added, “Your children made me feel at home. Grownups are bothered by my face, but children dont seem to
52、mind.” I told him he was welcome to come again.In the years he came to stay overnight with us. There was never a time that he did not bring us fish or oysters or vegetables from his garden. When I received these little remembrances, I often thought of a comment our next-door neighbor made after he l
53、eft that first morning. “You can lose roomers by putting up such people!”Maybe we did lose roomers once or twice. But oh! If only they could have known him, perhaps their illnesses would have been easier to bear. I know our family always will be grateful to have known him; from him we learned what i
54、t was to accept the bad without complaint and the good with gratitude.34. When the old fisherman stayed overnight, the authors children _.A. were botheredB. were terrifiedC. felt normalD. felt at home35. Which of the following statement is true about the fisherman?A. He is both tall and strong.B. He
55、 has five grandchildren.C. He is pessimistic about life.D. He suffers from a back injury.36. The old fisherman gave the author fishes and oysters because he_.A. wanted the author to buy them.B. wanted to pay the rent with them.C. had fished too many fishes and oysters.D. wanted to show his thankfuln
56、ess to the author.37. What can we learn from the story?A. Never judge a book by its cover.B. Little strokes fell great oaks.C. Stay positive, stay grateful.D. Honesty is the best policy.【答案】34. C 35. B 36. D 37. A【解析】本文为记叙文。本文讲述了一位相貌丑陋多次遭人拒绝的求宿老人遇到热心的作者和家人容留心存感念。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段老人的一番话Your children
57、 made me feel at home. Grownups are bothered by my face, but children dont seem to mind.（你的孩子们使我感到宾至如归。大人会为我的脸烦恼，但孩子们似乎并不介意。）可推断，作者的孩子们没有因为其相貌丑陋而拒绝他，因此，他们抱着平常心态对待老人，故选C。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段He told me he fished for a living to support his daughter, her five children, and her husband, who was hopelessly
58、 crippled from a back injury.（他告诉我，他以捕鱼为生，以养活他的女儿、她的五个孩子和因背部受伤而残废的丈夫。）可知，老人有五个外孙，故选B。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Your children made me feel at home. Grownups are bothered by my face, but children dont seem to mind.” I told him he was welcome to come again.（“你的孩子们使我感到宾至如归。大人会为我的脸烦恼，但孩子们似乎并不介意。”我告诉他欢迎他再来。）和第四段
59、In the years he came to stay overnight with us. There was never a time that he did not bring us fish or oysters or vegetables from his garden.（多年来，他来我们这里过夜。他从来没有一次不给我们送来他园子里的鱼、牡蛎或蔬菜。）可知，因为作者的收留，让他感激因而每次来都送给作者鱼和牡蛎，故选D。【37题详解】推理判断题。本文讲述了一位相貌丑陋多次遭人拒绝的求宿老人遇到热心的作者和家人容留心存感念，作者在最后一段发出感慨I know our family al
60、ways will be grateful to have known him; from him we learned what it was to accept the bad without complaint and the good with gratitude（我知道，我们一家人会永远感激能认识他;从他那里，我们学会了毫无怨言地接受不好的东西，心怀感激地接受好的东西），故可知，选项A . Never judge a book by its cover.（不要以貌取人）符合题意，故选A。CAlthough it has been revealed in recent years th
61、at plants are capable of seeing, hearing and smelling, they are still usually thought of as silent. But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-star
62、ved crops.Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies humans cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem is cut.Microphones placed 10 centimetres from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic
63、 range of 20 to 100 kilohertz, which the team says insects and some mammals would be capable of hearing and responding to from as far as 5 metres away. A moth may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed, the researchers suggest. Plants could even hear that other plants are s
64、hort of water and react accordingly, they speculate.On average, drought-stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer th
65、an one sound per hour, on average.It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to discriminate between the plants sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases wh
66、ether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sounds intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example.Enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could “open a new direction in the field of precision agriculture”, the
67、researchers suggest. They add that such an ability will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought.“The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in
68、 a field situation,” says Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK.She warns that the results cant yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any oth
69、er animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative（推测的）for now, she says.38. The experiment by researchers at Tel Aviv University shows that_.A. tobacco plants make louder sounds than tomato plants when hurtB. water-hungry tomato plants are more sensible t
70、han tobacco plantsC. unstressed plants produced sounds of laughter when being wateredD. plants respond to the sounds the plants make and protect themselves39. What is Anne Visschers attitude towards the finding of the experiment?A. AppreciativeB. DoubtfulC. CautiousD. Optimistic40. It can be learnt
71、from the research that _.A. greenhouse effects can be avoidedB. soil condition can be adjusted in time.C. plant condition can be diagnosed faster.D. insects can be detected and removed easily.41. What is the best title for the article?A. Plants Get Stressed Just Like UsB. Plants Scream in Presence o
72、f StressC. Sounds of Plants Detected Far AwayD Sounds of Plants Break Farmers Hearts【答案】38. B 39. C 40. C 41. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，一项研究表明，植物在压力下会发出超声波叫声，这可能会开辟一个精确农业的新领域，让农民们倾听缺水作物的声音。【38题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中的“On average, drought-stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11.”（
73、平均来说，干旱压力下的番茄植株每小时发出35个声音，而烟草植株每小时发出11个声音。），可知缺水番茄比烟草更敏感，干旱条件下，番茄植株发声多。故选B项。【39题详解】推理判断题。由倒数第二段“The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation”（干旱压力下植物发出的声音可以用
74、于精准农业的建议，如果在田间条件下设置录音成本不太高的话，这一建议似乎是可行的。）和最后一段中的“She warns that the results cant yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to th
75、e sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative（推测的）for now, she says.”（她警告说，研究结果还不能扩大到其他压力，如盐或温度，因为这些可能不会导致声音。此外，她还说，目前还没有实验证明飞蛾或其他动物是否能听到并对植物发出的声音做出反应，所以这个想法目前仍然是推测性的。），可推断出Anne Visscher对实验的发现抱有谨慎的态度。故选C项。【40题详解】推理判断题。由第一段中的“But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ul
76、trasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-starved crops.”（但现在，有人首次记录到它们在压力下会发出超声波叫声，研究人员说，这可能会开辟一个精确农业的新领域，让农民们倾听缺水作物的声音。）和第五段中的“The researchers trained a machine-learning model to discriminate between the pl
77、ants sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sounds intensity and frequency.”（研究人员训练了一个机器学习模型来区分植物的声音和温室里的风、雨和其他噪音，根据声音的强度和频率，在大多数情况下正确地识别出压力是由干燥还是割伤引起的。），可推断出此研究可以帮助人们更快地诊断出植物状况
78、。故选C项。【41题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段中的“But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-starved crops.”（但现在，有人首次记录到它们在压力下会发出超声波叫声，研究人员说，这可能会开辟一个精确农业的新领域，让农民们倾听缺水作物的声音
79、。）和第二段“Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies humans cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem is cut.”（以色列特拉维夫大学的伊扎克哈伊特和他的同事们发现，番茄和烟草植物在缺水或茎被割下时发出的叫声频率是人类听不到的。），可知文章讲的是植物会在压力下发出人类听不到的超声波叫声
80、，所以B选项“植物在压力下尖叫”，为短文最佳标题。故选B项。DThe first patient who died on my watch was an older man with a faulty heart the main pump had failed and his heart was beating irregularly and far too fast. We tried to slow it down with treatment, but it suddenly stopped beating completely. Later, whenever I would hav
81、e a case like that one, I found myself second-guessing my clinical management. However, it turns out that thinking twice may actually cause more harm than good.In a working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have an adverse outcome, they are more likely to
82、switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results.Because doctors make so many decisions that have serious consequences, the fallout from second-guessing looms especially large for us. A 2006 study found that if a patient had a bleed af
83、ter being prescribed warfarin, the physician was about 20% less likely to prescribe subsequent patients the blood thinner that prevents strokes. However, if a patient had a stroke and was not on warfarin, physicians were still no more likely to prescribe warfarin to their other patients.These findin
84、gs highlight interesting behavioral patterns in doctors. In the blood-thinner study, doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm (prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting a patient) and less affected by letting harm happen (not prescribing a blood thinner and the patient having a st
85、roke). Yet a stroke is often more permanent and damaging than a bleed.But this phenomenon is not unique to medicine. “Overreaction to Fearsome Risks” holds true for broader society.For instance, sensational headlines about shark attacks on humans in Florida in 2001 caused a panic and led the state t
86、o prohibit shark feeding expeditions. Yet shark attacks had actually fallen that year and, according to the study, such a change was probably unnecessary given the extremely small risk of such an attack happening.Humans are susceptible to emotional and often irrational thinking when processing infor
87、mation, adverse events and mistakes. As much as we dont want to cause an unfortunate event to recur in a medical setting or in the wider world we need to be aware that a worst case scenario doesnt necessarily mean we did anything wrong. When we overthink, we fail to rely on thinking based on what we
88、 know or have experienced. Instead, we may inadvertently overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion.I have treated dozens of patients who presented with the same illnesses as my first patient, who died more than a year ago. Instead of second guessing myself, I trusted my clinical instinct and stay
89、ed the course. Every one of those patients survived. You should trust your instinct in your life, too.42. The first two paragraphs suggest that _A. Bad medical outcomes affect doctors.B. Delivering babies can be difficult work.C. Some doctors are not very experienced.D. Doctors sometimes make silly
90、mistakes.43. In the blood-thinner study, doctors _.A. tend to prescribe less effective medicineB. are more concerned about the patients safetyC. believe a stroke is more treatable than a bleedingD. become less confident in writing certain prescriptions44. The author develops his idea mainly by _.A.
91、giving examplesB. making comparisonsC. using metaphorsD. quoting famous sayings45. The author will probably agree that _.A. we shouldnt doubt our own decisionsB. our experience will pave way for our futureC. humans are emotional and irrational on the wholeD. instincts dont necessarily lead to wrong
92、directions【答案】42. A 43. D 44. A 45. D【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议。文章通过作者自己的经历论述了，人类在处理信息、不良事件和错误时易受情绪化和非理性思维的影响，会过度思考，此时我们就不能依赖于基于我们所知或所经历的思考，反而要相信直觉。【42题详解】推理判断题。由第一段中的“Later, whenever I would have a case like that one, I found myself second-guessing my clinical management.”（后来，每当我遇到这样的病例时，我都会怀疑自己的临床管理。）和第二段 “In a
93、 working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have an adverse outcome, they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results.”（在一篇工作论文中，埃默里大学的研究人员发现，当医生接生婴儿时出现不良后果时，他们更有可能对下一个
94、病人改用不同的接生方式，这往往是不必要的，有时甚至会带来更糟糕的结果。），可推断出糟糕的医疗结果影响医生。故选A项。【43题详解】推理判断题。由第三段中的“A 2006 study found that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed warfarin, the physician was about 20% less likely to prescribe subsequent patients the blood thinner that prevents strokes.”（2006年的一项研究发现，如果患者在服用华法林后出
95、现出血，医生给后续患者开预防中风的血液稀释剂的可能性要低20%。），可推断出在血液稀释剂研究中，一旦病人服用华法林后出现出血后，医生们在开某些处方时变得不那么自信。故选D项。【44题详解】推理判断题。由第一段讲述“自己遇到的病例情况”，第二段的“医生接生案例”，第三四段的“2006年关于给患者开预防中风的血液稀释剂的研究”和第六段的“2001年佛罗里达州禁止鲨鱼进食探险的例子”，可推断出作者主要是通过举例来发展自己的观点。故选A项。【45题详解】推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“When we overthink, we fail to rely on thinking based on what
96、 we know or have experienced. Instead, we may inadvertently overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion.”（当我们过度思考时，我们就不能依赖于基于我们所知或所经历的思考。相反，我们可能会无意中过度分析，得出错误的结论。）和最后一段中的“Instead of second guessing myself, I trusted my clinical instinct and stayed the course. Every one of those patients survived. Yo
97、u should trust your instinct in your life, too.”（我相信自己的临床直觉，坚持到底，而不是事后猜测。所有的病人都活了下来。你也应该相信你的直觉。），可推断出作者认为 直觉不一定会导致错误的方向。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Optimism Bias (偏见)While we often like to think of ourselves as highly rational and logical, researchers have fou
98、nd that the human brain is sometimes too optimistic for its own good. If you were asked to estimate how likely you are to experience illness, job loss, or an accident, you are likely to underestimate the probability that such events will ever impact your life. _46_This bias leads us to believe that
99、we are less likely to suffer from misfortune and more likely to attain success than reality would suggest. We believe that we will live longer, and that we will be more successful in life than the average. _47_The optimism bias is essentially a mistaken belief that our chances of experiencing negati
100、ve events are lower and our chances of experiencing positive events are higher than those of our peers. And this overly positive assumption doesnt mean that we have an overly sunny outlook on our own lives. _48_ People might skip their yearly physical, not wear their seatbelt, or fail to put on suns
101、creen because they mistakenly believe that they are less likely to get sick, get in an accident, or get skin cancer.Cognitive neuroscientist Tali Sharot, author of The Optimism Bias: A Tour of the Irrationally Positive Brain, notes that this bias is widespread and can be seen in cultures all over th
102、e world. Sharot also suggests that while this optimism bias can at times lead to negative outcomes like foolishly engaging in risky behaviors or making poor choices about your health, it can also have its benefits. _49_ If we expect good things to happen, we are more likely to be happy. This optimis
103、m can act as a self-fulfilling prophecy. By believing that we will be successful, people are in fact more likely to be successful._50_ After all, if we didnt believe that we could achieve success, why would we even bother trying? Optimists are also more likely to take measures to protect their healt
104、h such as exercising, taking vitamins, and following a nutritious diet.A. Optimism also motivates us to pursue our goals.B. But we are also highly motivated to be so optimistic.C. But definitely not everyone is blessed with such luck.D. This is because your brain has a built-in optimism bias.E. It c
105、an also lead to poor decision-making, which can sometimes have disastrous results.F. This optimism enhances well-being by creating a sense of anticipation about the future.G. Various causes may lead to the optimistic bias, including cognitive and motivational factors.【答案】46. D 47. C 48. E 49. F 50.
106、A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕着乐观偏见展开，介绍了什么是乐观偏见以及乐观偏见的优缺点。【46题详解】根据上文While we often like to think of ourselves as highly rational and logical, researchers have found that the human brain is sometimes too optimistic for its own good. If you were asked to estimate how likely you are to experience illness, job l
107、oss, or an accident, you are likely to underestimate the probability that such events will ever impact your life.可知虽然我们通常认为自己是高度理性和逻辑性的，但研究人员发现，人类大脑有时过于乐观，不利于自身的健康。 如果你被要求估计你经历疾病、失业或事故的可能性，你可能会低估这些事件影响你生活的可能性。由此可知，本句承接上文，解释说明产生上述这种现象的原因。故D选项“这是因为你的大脑有一种内在的乐观偏见”符合上下文语境，故选D。【47题详解】根据上文We believe that
108、we will live longer, and that we will be more successful in life than the average.可知我们相信我们会活得更久，我们会比一般人更成功。由此可知，乐观偏见会让我们认为我们比其他人更幸运，本句则应当是表明不是每个人都这么幸运，与下文介绍乐观偏见的误区紧密联系。故C选项“但肯定不是每个人都有这样的运气”符合上下文语境，故选C。【48题详解】根据后文People might skip their yearly physical, not wear their seatbelt, or fail to put on suns
109、creen because they mistakenly believe that they are less likely to get sick, get in an accident, or get skin cancer.可知人们可能会跳过每年一次的体检，不系安全带，或者不涂防晒霜，因为他们错误地认为自己不太可能生病、出事故或得皮肤癌。由此可知，下文提到的不去体检，不系安全带以及不涂防晒霜就是乐观偏见导致的决策失误以及带来的一系列后果，故E选项“它还会导致错误的决策，有时会导致灾难性的结果”符合上下文语境，故选E。【49题详解】根据后文If we expect good things
110、 to happen, we are more likely to be happy. This optimism can act as a self-fulfilling prophecy.可知如果我们期待好事发生，我们就更有可能快乐。这种乐观可以作为一种自我实现的预言。由此可知，上文已经从乐观偏见带来的弊端转到好处，那么本句则是具体解释了乐观偏见带来的好处。故F选项“这种乐观主义通过创造一种对未来的期待来增强幸福感”符合上下文语境，故选F。【50题详解】根据后文After all, if we didnt believe that we could achieve success, why
111、 would we even bother trying?可知毕竟，如果我们不相信我们能成功，我们为什么还要去尝试呢？由此可知，首先要有一个乐观的心态，认为自己能够成功，才有信心去尝试。本段是在说明乐观会激励人们追求目标。故A选项“乐观也会激励我们追求目标”符合上下文语境，故选A。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节51.假如你是高三（1）班班长李华，请你给曾经在你们班交换学习的英国同学Jim写信，让他录制一段视频为同学们加油，在考前班会上播放。邮件内容包括：1.此次班会的目的；2.对视频的要求（时长，内容.）。注意：1词数不少于50；2开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,
112、_ Yours, Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,Hows everything going recently? In order to help us students actively prepare for the college entrance examination, our class will hold a class meeting with the theme of “we are sure to win” next Thursday. As an exchange student, you used to study and live with us for a p
113、eriod, so we regard you as a member of our class. Although you cant attend the activity in person, I do hope you can record a 15-minute encouraging video to cheer us on, and the video will be played in the meeting. I would appreciate it if I could receive your video before next Monday.Looking forwar
114、d to your early reply. Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封电子邮件：假如你是高三（1）班班长李华，请你给曾经在你们班交换学习的英国同学Jim写信，让他录制一段视频为同学们加油，在考前班会上播放。邮件内容包括：1.此次班会的目的；2.对视频的要求（时长，内容）。时态应为一般将来时和一般现在时。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； the college entrance examination（高考），class meeting（班会），video（视频），encouraging
115、（鼓舞的），record（录制），attend(参加)，actively（积极地）及cheer（加油）等。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有prepare for（为做准备），with the theme of（主题是），used to do (过去常常做某事)，in order to（为了），in person（亲自），cheer sb on（给某人加油打气）以及reg
116、ardas（将视为），而且还使用了宾语从句和状语从句“Although you cant attend the activity in person, I do hope you can record a 15-minute encouraging video to cheer us on, and the video will be played in the meeting.”，形式宾语“I would appreciate it if I could receive your video before next Monday.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。第二节（20分）52
117、.探访北京老字号商铺，了解老字号时代变迁, 见证传统工艺与现代创意的结合(explore time-honored businesses in Beijing; follow the businesses evolution and witness the combination of traditional craftsmanship and modern designs)图一：看到“北京印迹北京老字号探访”活动介绍，积极报名图二：在大栅栏地区参观老字号商铺，听历史文化研究者讲解老字号的历史（传统）图三：参观内联升鞋店，感受传统工艺与现代创意的结合（现代）图四：撰写报告，抒发感想_【答案】L
118、ast Friday，I explored the time-honored businesses in Beijing.As soon as I saw the introduction of “Beijing Imprint Visiting Time-honored Brands in Beijing”, I signed up for it actively, which made me amused because it was a high time for me to appreciate its splendid scenery. It was divided into two
119、 parts. The first part is about tradition activity, which shocked me a lot when I visited time-honored shops in Dazhalan area and listened to the history of the time-honored brands explained by historical and cultural researchers. Secondly, I visited the Neiliansheng shoe store and appreciated the c
120、ombination of traditional craftsmanship and modern designs, which was about modern part and gave me an opportunity to see such an artistic scene. With great excitement, I wrote a report and expressed my feelings.Through this experience, I am amazed at the time-honored businesses in Beijing, which ma
121、kes me get a general of impression of the businesses evolution and witness the perfect combination of traditional craftsmanship and modern designs.【解析】【分析】这是一篇图画类作文。要求考生根据四幅图片所指内容的提示写探访北京老字号商铺的经历以及感想。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：夹叙夹议时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时和一般现在时。结构：总分总法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，最后再总说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求： 1.表达参观的
122、时间地点及人物 2.参观游览的相关情况 1）此次游览的大体介绍。（introduction to this visit） 2）游览的内容。（contents for the visit） 3.游览后的感想。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）the time-honored businesses; As soon as; signed up for it; it was a high time; the combination of; get a general of impression of; 第三步：连词成句1. I explored the time-honored businesses in
123、 Beijing.2. As soon as I saw the introduction of “Beijing Imprint Visiting Time-honored Brands in Beijing”3. I signed up for it actively4. it was a high time for me to appreciate its splendid scenery.5. I visited the Neiliansheng shoe store and appreciated the combination of traditional craftsmanshi
124、p and modern designs6. I am amazed at the time-honored businesses in Beijing, which makes me get a general of impression of the businesses evolution根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second And then, Finally, In the end, At last2.表并列补充关系：What i
125、s more Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not onlybut (also), including,3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand,On the other hand Some,while others,as for, sothat 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者使用了一些固定词组，如As soon as；signed up for it；it was a high time；等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
