1、Module 4Great Scientists.话题延读Up to now,nobody has been able to understand chimp behavior better than Jane Goodall.Since her childhood, she had been dreaming of working closely with animals in Africa.“All through my childhood people said you couldnt go to Africa.Youre a girl.But my mother used to say
2、,if you really want to,theres nothing you cant do.” Goodall said.In 1957,the 26-year-old Goodall went to Kenya to work as a secretary.She also arranged to meet the famous scientist Louis Leakey,who was so impressed by her enthusiasm that he hired her as his assistant.She went with him on many trips
3、to the African jungle and in 1960 Leakey sent Goodall to live among chimpanzees in a remote animal preserve,recording the animals behavior and interactions.For three months Goodall made little progress.But she said,“I never came close to giving up.” Her breakthrough came one day when she saw a male
4、chimpanzee stick a piece of grass into a termite (白蚁) hill,then put the grass in his mouth.Afterwards she came to the hill and did the same.Pulling the grass out,she discovered dozens of termites on it.The discovery that some animals use tools was unknown to most scientists at the time.Goodall saw c
5、himpanzees exhibit human-like emotions,such as jealousy and love.But she also discovered they were capable of violent attacks against each other.Goodall received her PhD in the study of animal behavior at Englands Cambridge University.Now she travels around the globe raising money to preserve wildli
6、fe.“I love being in the forest with the chimpanzees,” she said.“Id much rather be there than travel around from city to city.”1.What was Goodalls childhood dream?A.She dreamed of going to college.B.She dreamed of traveling all around the world.C.She dreamed of becoming a famous scientist. D.She drea
7、med of studying animals in Africa.2.What did Goodalls mother think of her dream?A.As a girl she should not go to the African jungle.B.Her dream would remain a dream unless she got the right training.C.As a girl she should stay away from violent animals.D.She could make her dream come true if she was
8、 determined.3.What can we learn from the passage?A.One of Goodalls discoveries is that some animals use tools.B.Chimpanzees like attacking each other violently.C.Goodall had just about given herself up when she made a breakthrough.D.Termites are chimpanzees favorite food.4.Which of the following mig
9、ht be the best title for the text?A.The Lives of ChimpsB.A Scholar of African WildlifeC.Janes BreakthroughD.The Connections between Chimps and Human Beings语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了一位到非洲研究动物习性的女科学家的故事。答案及剖析:1.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Since her childhood,she had been dreaming of working closely with animals in Afri
10、ca.”可知,Goodall童年时的梦想是在非洲研究动物。故选D。2.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But my mother used to say,if you really want to,theres nothing you cant do.”可知,Goodall的母亲认为,如果Goodall下定决心做某事,没有什么能阻挡她实现她的梦想,她会实现她的梦想的。故选D。3.A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The discovery that some animals use tools was unknown to most scientists at the time.”可知,Goodal
11、l在非洲的发现之一就是有些动物会使用工具。故选A。4.B主旨大意题。根据全文内容可总结出,本文主要介绍了一位到非洲研究动物习性的女科学家的故事。B项意为“研究非洲野生动物的一位学者”,体现了本文核心,适合用作标题。.阅读理解(2018东北三省四市教研联合体模拟)Try rubbing (摩擦) the tip of your finger backwards and forwards very quickly on your coat or a blanket.It should become hot.In cold weather we sometimes rub our hands tog
12、ether to make them warm.The rubbing of two together which causes heat is called “friction(摩擦力)”.In the same way,people who lived in caves rubbed a piece of wood shaped like a pencil on another piece of wood with dried leaves or grass packed nearby.The heat set the leaves or grass alight.This was a d
13、ifficult way of making fire.Better ways were found by using flint(火石),but it was not until 1827 that the first matches were made in England.Chemists made up a mixture and put it on an end of a stick or match.The mixture contained a small amount of phosphorus(磷),a chemical that bursts into flame when
14、 heated slightly.The other chemicals then caught fire and burned less fiercely until the wood was alight.By rubbing the end of the match on sandpaper,the friction easily set the phosphorus alight.These first matches could also be struck on other rough surfaces,including the leather sole(鞋底) of a sho
15、e.At the time,everyone thought this was a wonderful invention.Unfortunately accidents happened.A whole box of matches would suddenly catch fire if it was heated.Imagine this happening to someone warming themselves by a fire with a box of matches in his or her pocket!Even loose matches in a handbag o
16、r pocket could rub together and catch fire.What was needed was a match that would only light if struck on a special surface.In 1852,the safety match was invented in Sweden.No phosphorus was used in the match headit was put on the outside of the matchbox instead.This made it impossible for the match
17、to light unless it was rubbed along the box on the special surface which contained sandpaper mixed with a little phosphorus.1.Why did people use dried leaves or grass to pack another piece of wood?A.The leaves or grass is easy to be alight.B.The leaves or grass covered the wood well.C.The leaves or
18、grass helped the air cause heat.D.The leaves or grass acted as the role of a match.2.What was the match made of in 1827?A.Leather soles,sandpaper and leaves.B.Wood,leather soles and sandpaper.C.Phosphorus,wood and sandpaper.D.Phosphorus,sandpaper and flint.3.If we used the safety match,we could see
19、.A.loose matches could catch fire fiercelyB.phosphorus wasnt needed inside matchboxesC.there were matches and sandpaper in matchboxesD.the special surface containing sandpaper and phosphorus语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。介绍了火柴的发明过程。答案及剖析:1.A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In the same way,people who lived in caves rubbed a piece of wo
20、od shaped like a pencil on another piece of wood with dried leaves or grass packed nearby.The heat set the leaves or grass alight.”可知,与天气冷时人们摩擦取暖一样,住山洞的人用干燥的树叶和草是因为它们容易点燃。2.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The mixture contained a small amount of phosphorus(磷).The other chemicals then caught fire and burned less fierc
21、ely until the wood was alight.By rubbing the end of the match on sandpaper.”可知,当时火柴中含有phosphorus,wood和sandpaper。3.D推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This made it impossible for the match to light unless it was rubbed along the box on the special surface which contained sandpaper mixed with a little phosphorus.”可知,我们能看
22、到火柴盒特制的表面上含砂纸和磷。.语法填空(2018江西师大附中、临川一中联考)The British have many traditions but there is nothing more quintessential(典型的) than taking afternoon tea.We know the Brits have a love affair with drinking tea,1. more than 160 million cups drunk every day,but it was the invention of afternoon tea that turned
23、tea drink into 2. popular pastime.This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea 3. (comfort) while nibbling(小口吃) on nice sandwiches,scones with jam and cream and a selection of small cakes.And,of course,it can only happen in the afternoon!Afternoon tea,which 4. (design) as a light snack to
24、bridge the gap between lunch and dinner,dates back to the 1840s.It went on to become a 5. (fashion) social occasion for the upper classes.Now there is a resurgence(复苏) in its 6. (popular) in the UK and it is available to anyone who can afford it.7. it can be enjoyed at home,the best way to experienc
25、e it is at a smart hotel or caf.But if youre thinking of visiting such a place 8. (enjoy) a plate of sweet and savory treats with a steaming hot brew,remember the rules you must follow to avoid 9. (ask) to leave.Writer Henry James once noted that“There are few hours in life more agreeable than the h
26、our dedicated to the ceremony known as afternoon tea”.Im sure once you 10. (try) it,you will agree.答案及剖析:1.with考查介词。此处是with+宾语+过去分词的用法, 作伴随状语。2.a考查冠词。pastime“娱乐; 消遣”是可数名词, 此处表示泛指, 且popular以辅音音素开头, 所以前面要用不定冠词a。fortably考查词性转换。drinking是动词, 后面要用副词comfortably修饰。4.was designed考查动词的时态和语态。Afternoon tea和desi
27、gn之间是被动关系, 再结合后面的“要追溯到19世纪40年代”可知,此处要用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was designed。5.fashionable考查词性转换。occasion是名词, 前面要用形容词修饰, 所以此处填fashionable。6.popularity考查词性转换。its是形容词性物主代词, 后面要跟名词popularity。7.Although/Though/While考查连接词。“it can be enjoyed at home”和“the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel or caf”在意思上是转折关系,
28、 所以此处要用表示让步的Although/Though/While。8.to enjoy考查非谓语动词。此处是动词不定式表目的。9.being asked考查非谓语动词。avoid后面跟v.-ing,此处应该是“避免被要求”, 所以要用being asked。10.have tried考查时态。句意:我相信一旦你(已经)尝试了, 你就会赞成的。根据句意可知,“尝试”的动作会产生“赞成”的结果, 所以这里用现在完成时。.短文改错(2018合肥质量检测)I am one of the top students in my class who could speak English fluently
29、 and smoothly.Impressing with my English speaking skills,my classmates asked me introduce how I became fluent in English.Here are some tips on speaking English fluently.Firstly,use every opportunity in class to speak English.The more you speak,and the easier you will find speak English.Secondly,be c
30、onfident with speaking English and dont worry about making mistakes.The most important thing is to express which you want to say.Finally,this is important to communicate your opinions as natural as possible.Use some communication skills while you are speaking.I do hope you will benefit from the tip.
31、答案:I am one of the top students in my class who speak English fluently and smoothly. with my English speaking skills,my classmates asked me introduce how I became fluent in English.Here are some tips on speaking English fluently.Firstly,use every opportunity in class to speak English.The more you sp
32、eak, the easier you will find English.Secondly,be confident speaking English and dont worry about making mistakes.The most important thing is to express you want to say.Finally, is important to communicate your opinions as as possible.Use some communication skills while you are speaking.I do hope yo
33、u will benefit from the .剖析:由上下文时态知此处用一般现在时,故将could改为can。impress与主语my classmates是动宾关系,故用impressed。ask sb.to do sth.为固定搭配。The+比较级,the+比较级表示“越就越”,固定搭配,and多余。作find的宾语,故用v.-ing形式。be confident about/of “对自信”,固定搭配。what引导宾语从句并作say的宾语,which在宾语从句中表疑问,指“哪个?”不符合句意。Its important to do sth.是固定句型,it是形式主语,不定式短语是真正的主语。修饰动词communicate用副词作状语,故natural改为naturally。由上文知建议不止一条,故tip需用复数形式。
