1、(一)动词的时态.单句语法填空1(2019全国卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene declared (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36yearold business. 解析：首先确定该动词为主句的谓语动词；其次根据宾语从句的谓语动词had以及上下文的时态等为一般过去时，故该谓语动词应使用一般过去时；最后，主语和谓语动词之间构成主动关系。2(2019北京卷)On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the
2、 door with butterflies in my stomach. I voiced (voice) my biggest concern to my mother.解析：考查动词的时态。本句叙述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时，故填voiced。3(2019北京卷)Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question suggests/suggested/has_suggested (suggest) that，for most students，it doesnt.解析：考查动词的时
3、态。本文的主题时态是一般现在时，主语是research，可以用suggests；又可以表示“研究已经表明了”，用现在完成时，可以填has suggested；又可以表示“研究过去表明了”，可以用一般过去时，填suggested。4(2019浙江卷)One study in America found that students grades improved (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. 解析：考查时态和语态。根据found可知，that引导的宾语从句应用过去的相应时态，根据句意可知此处应用一般过去式。5(20
4、17全国卷)Later, engineers managed (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道)，which became known as the Tube.解析：此处讲的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时，主语engineers和manage之间是主动关系，故填managed。6(2017浙江卷)Pahlsson and her husband searched (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.解析：根
5、据后面的but turned up nothing可知，此处描述的是过去发生的行为，故要用一般过去时。.单句改错1(2019全国卷)Ive had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to open a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one.requiredrequires解析：根据整篇文章的主要
6、时态为一般现在时可知，此句中也应该用一般现在时，故将required改为requires。2(2019全国卷)There were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.iswas解析：结合整篇短文的时态可知讲述的都是过去的事情，故改为一般过去时态。3(2018全
7、国卷)During my last winter holiday，I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there.findfound解析：从时间During my last winter holiday，可知该句时态为过去时。4(2018全国卷)I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.arewere解析：由平行的谓语didnt realize和entered可知该
8、句的时态为过去时。5(2017全国卷)When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables！camecomes解析：本文整体用一般现在时，描述现状。此处主句是一般将来时，when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，且从句主语为第三人称单数，故应用comes。6(2017全国卷)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, but once I started the car, my
9、 mind goes blank.goeswent解析：此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。7(2017全国卷)I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.hadhave解析：根据时间状语in the past few years可知，本句应用现在完成时。8(2017全国卷)About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new memb
10、er of the school music club. becomebecame解析：此句中的enter和become是并列谓语，应用一般过去时。1一般现在时(1)表示经常性、习惯性或不依时间的变化而发生变化的动作。I live far away from my parents, so I only go to see them occasionally.我住得离父母很远，因此只能偶尔去看他们。(2)表示客观真理、科学事实。The geography teacher told us the earth travels around the sun.地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。2一般过去时
11、(1)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone.早上我给你打电话时，没有人接。(2)表示过去某一段时间内反复发生的动作或存在的状态。During his middle school years, he played football nearly every day.他在中学时代几乎天天踢足球。(3)在时间、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。They said they would inform me if they heard any news about him.他们说
12、如果听到任何关于他的消息，就通知我。3一般将来时(1)一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，或在现在看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态，常与时间状语tomorrow, next week, in a few days等连用。He will help his sister with her lessons.他将帮助他妹妹做功课。(2)“祈使句and/or陈述句”句型中，陈述句常用一般将来时。Work hard, and youll be successful in time.只要你努力，一定会成功。(3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中以及谈论按计划或时间表安排的活动时要用一般现在时表示将来。If
13、 it is fine tomorrow, we shall visit the Great Wall.如果明天晴天，我们将参观长城。The flight takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday.航班每个星期三、星期五2：30起飞。(4)非持续性动词，如go, come, leave, die等的现在进行时也可表示将要发生的动作。Where are you going?Im going to school.你要去哪儿？我要去上学。(5)表示临时决定用will。Youve left the light on.Oh, so I have. Ill
14、go and turn it off.你忘记关灯了。啊，确实如此！那我去关。(6)be going to动词原形表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。They are going to meet outside the school gate.他们打算在校门外见面。表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，认为某事即将发生、肯定会发生或可能出现的情况。I think Im going to die.我想我快死了。(现在生命垂危)(7)be about to动词原形“be about to动词原形”表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。The English e
15、vening is about to start.英语晚会即将开始。(8)be to动词原形“be to动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要求要发生的动作，这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.10点钟你们得上交试卷。If a man is to succeed, he must work as hard as he can.一个人要想成功，就必须拼命工作。1现在进行时(1)表示正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作。They are having lunch at home now.
16、他们现在正在家吃午饭。 (2)常与always, constantly, continually, forever(或 for ever)等副词连用，表达说话者生气、赞扬、同情、不满、惊讶等感情色彩。She is always finding fault with others.她总是挑别人的错。2过去进行时(1)表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。Linda told the policeman she was waiting for the bus at ten oclock yesterday morning.琳达告诉警察昨天上午10点她正在等公交车。(2)表示在过去某一段时间内一直在进行
17、的动作，但谈话时动作未必正在进行。I was living in the schools dormitory when I was in middle school.我上高中时一直住在学校的宿舍里。(3)与always, constantly, continually, forever等副词连用表示赞美或讨厌的感情色彩。She was always thinking of others.她总是为别人考虑。(赞扬)She was forever complaining.她总是抱怨。(厌烦)(4)动词plan, expect, come, go等的过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。He said
18、he was leaving for home in a day or two.他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。3将来进行时将来进行时强调将来某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be preparing for the coming interview.明天他来我家时，我将正在为即将到来的面试做准备。1现在完成时(1)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在，表示动作已经完成。Ive made a cake.我做了一个蛋糕。(2)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时之前已完成的动作。Whe
19、n shall we restart our business?Not until we have finished our plan.什么时候我们重新开始我们的事业？直到我们已完成我们的计划。(3)下列情况下常用现在完成时：It is/has been一段时间since从句This/That/It is the first/second.time that现在完成时It is twenty years since Ive seen her.我已经二十年没见她了。This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema as a
20、 family.这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。2过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的动作，即“过去的过去”；或延续至过去某一时间的动作。I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已经等了20分钟。(2)表示本打算做但事实上并未做成某事。常见的有此用法的动词有hope, want, mean, suppose, intend, plan, think, expect等。Bill had hoped to retire at 60, but they persuade
21、d him to stay on for a few years.比尔原本打算60岁退休的，但是他们说服他留下来再干几年。(3)在“no sooner.than.”或“hardly/scarcely.when.”结构中，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时。Hardly had the performance began when the lights went out.演出刚一开始灯就熄灭了。3将来完成时主要表示某一动作到将来某个时间完成，上下文情景中常含有by短语，如by six oclock, by the weekend, by the end of next month等。We shall h
22、ave finished the project by the end of this year.我们将在今年年底完成这项工程。4现在完成进行时现在完成进行时强调过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在，并且还在进行。Ive been making a cake.我一直在做蛋糕。(二)语态.单句语法填空1(2019全国卷)On the last day of our weeklong stay，we were_invited (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the
23、 stars，listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.解析：本文通篇以一般过去时为主，故此处填过去时形式；且根据空格后的to attend可知此处主语we与invite之间为被动关系，构成sb. be invited to do sth.结构，故填were invited。2(2017全国卷)Steam engines were_used (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with al
24、l the smoke and noise.解析：此处讲的是过去的事情，主语Steam engines和use之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。3(2017全国卷)When fat and salt are_removed (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.解析：填空处在句中作谓语。本文讲述的是现状，用一般现在时。主语是fat and salt，与remove之间是被动关系，故填are removed。4(2017全国卷)Sarah has_been_told/was_told (tel
25、l) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.解析：句意应为“有人告诉过Sarah，她可能是英国的一名新超模，下一年能挣一百万美元”，故句子谓语应该使用现在完成时的被动语态。由于从句中的谓语动词是could be此处也可以使用一般过去时的被动语态。.单句改错(2017全国卷)About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and became a
26、new member of the school music club.tooktaken解析：由句子结构可知，应该使用一般过去时的被动语态，故应用过去分词taken。被动语态由“助动词be过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表： 时态形式 现在过去将来过去将来一般式am/is/are donewas/weredonewill/shallbe donewould/shouldbe done进行式am/is/arebeing donewas/werebeing done完成式have/hasbeen donehad beendonewi
27、ll/shall have beendone名师指津 1.只有带有宾语的及物动词才有被动语态。2被动语态的否定式是在其构成形式中的第一个助动词后加not。The window is dirty because it hasnt been cleaned for weeks.玻璃很脏，因为好几个星期没有擦洗了。1注意不同时态的被动语态：被动语态是由“be过去分词”构成的，其中的助动词be根据情况可使用各种不同时态。2注意短语动词的被动语态：短语动词是不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不能省略后面的介词和副词。The meeting is to be put off till Friday.会议将推迟
28、到星期五举行。3注意双宾语的被动语态：有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语动词后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.他母亲送给他一件生日礼物。4注意复合宾语的被动语态：当“动词宾语宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余部分不动。使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词等后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语时，其被动结构要加to。A stranger was seen to walk into the
29、 building.有人看见一个陌生人走进大楼。5注意主动形式表示被动意义的情况：(1)表示主语的某种属性特征的词：clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，常用其主动形式表示被动意义，且主语通常是物。This pen writes smoothly.这支钢笔写起字来很流畅。(2)在need, want, require, bear等词的后面常跟动名词，以主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing/to be repaired.这栋房子需要维修。(三)主谓一致单句语法填空
30、1(2018全国卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it is (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.解析：该动词为says宾语从句的谓语动词；根据平行的谓语动词make，says等为一般现在时，可知该谓语动词应使用一般现在时。2(2017全国卷)Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the mom
31、ent, school comes (come) first.I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling.”解析：此句是直接引语，根据前后句子的谓语可知，动词come应该使用一般现在时。1由or, either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，not.but.等连接的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.或者你，或者你学生中的一位要去参加定
32、于明天的会议。2由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。1动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.忙碌一天之后，听音乐使我感到很放松。注意 what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。What he says and does does not concern me.他的言行与我无关。What he says and does do not agree.他言行不一致。2主
33、语后跟有with，together with, as well as，like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to 等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。The teacher as well as his students was very excited.老师和学生们都非常激动。3and，both.and.连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。The singer and dancer is to attend
34、 our evening party.那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。4定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。My friend showed me around the town，which was very attractive.我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇，它非常迷人。5“many a/more than one单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使由and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.很多父母亲不得
35、不经历同样的痛苦经历。1集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee，government, audience 等。2“分数/百分数/the majorityof名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all，some，half，most，the rest 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。3“the形容词”，表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The sick ha
36、ve been cured and the lost have been found.患病的人被治愈，同时失散的人也被找到了。4表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。.单句语法填空1Im sure he will_be_accepted (accept) there.2In my opinion，whether a training class or a family teacher is_needed (need) just depends.3You will be_provided (provide) with the facilities of a vi
37、rtual (虚拟的) classroom and a virtual campus.4H33049795. OK, Mr Robinson. You have_booked (book) a single room from 20th March to 24th. Were expecting your coming.5Yesterday I was_given (give) a higher position in my company with higher pay.6I have_worked/have_been_working (work) for my company for a
38、number of years, and things have gone quite well.7As you can see, the great street of the city of heaven is_made (make) of pure gold!8His comment then was “Well, now I feel like that I have_accomplished (accomplish) something helpful and worthwhile today.”9On International Childrens Day, some orphan
39、s (孤儿) from the Wuhan Welfare Institute for Children were_taken (take) to the park.10If you refuse to quit, success will_be (be) yours.单句改错1We were just finished the conversation when she said, “I hope you dont mind, but I have a rather strange question.”finishedfinishing2But when the forth day come
40、, I started to miss my parents, especially when night ecame3We were exchange students and send to the country by our government to learn English in Brisbane for twelve months.sendsent4After careful consideration, though, I decide on science as my main subject of study.decidedecided5My brother, who i
41、s a Harvard graduate, work in a multinational company.workworks6Welcome to our school! Here was an arrangement for your visit.wasis7Some students put it that if a student live in bad conditions, he cant get what he wants .livelives8I didnt know whether the woman was alone, but I grow up with my moth
42、er supporting us four kids alone.growgrew9When I reached the door to check on him, his calling stops, so I headed to kitchen.stopsstopped10Li Ming often sleeps in class instead of listening to the teacher. As a result, he miss lots of points the teacher makes and it usually takes him a lot of time t
43、o finish his homework.missmisses.用所给动词的正确时态和语态完成短文I was born and brought up in Glasgow, Scotland. At the age of eight, I became interested in poetry and _1_ (start) writing it myself. Luckily, I got some works published in the UK and the USA, which inspired me a lot.However, one night when I was in
44、my early twenties I went into a drunken depression and burned all my works, including all my poetry and some short stories. Later, I began to regret what I _2_ (do). I never wrote any other form of writing after I started writing poetry again. Then it _3_ (discover) that I had a brain tumour (脑肿瘤).
45、After it _4_ (remove), I needed six weeks of treatment to recover. Surprisingly , it was at this time that I worked hard on writing. I wrote my first fulllength fictional story, which is now for sale on Amazon Kindle as The Glaswegian. Recently I _5_ (write)a short story called Solomon Abrahams for
46、a BBC international short story competition. I wont know the result until the end of 2014. No matter what the result _6_ (be), I have made up my mind that I will never again give up writing.1started2.had_done3.was_discovered4.was_removed5have_written6.is.语法填空A group of students from Chinas Tibet Aut
47、onomous Region set out from Lhasa on Friday to kick off a sports tour in Beijing.The eight middle school students from Damxung County, _1_ (locate) in the north of Lhasa, will visit the Birds Nest and Water Cube. Afterwards, the group will take training classes with professional football _2_ (coach)
48、 from Spain.“I started playing football in primary school. Now Im a little nervous but _3_ (excite) about the journey. Its my first time _4_ (leave) my hometown，” said sixteenyearold Teazin Phuntsok, _5_ (add) that the place he wants to visit the most in Beijing is the Birds Nest.Tenzin, along with
49、_6_ (he) fellow students, was selected from more than 60 candidates, all of _7_ are from remote regions in Tibet.The tour they are about to take is a part of “Free Football for All，” _8_ project launched by Samaranch Foundation in 2013. In order to promote football and the countrys new national fitn
50、ess program, the project has organized football training for young people in grassroots football leagues across China. Samaranch Foundation _9_ (found) in 2012. It is named _10_ former International Olympic Committee President Juan Antonio Samaranch.本文是一篇说明文，介绍了来自拉萨北部大雄县的八名中学生将参观鸟巢和水立方，这次旅行是萨马兰奇基金会2
51、013年发起的“全民免费足球”项目的一部分。1located解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：来自拉萨北部大雄县的八名中学生将参观鸟巢和水立方。be located in表示“位于”，此处作定语，故填located。2coaches解析：考查名词。句意：之后，他们将与来自西班牙的职业足球教练一起上训练课。coach是可数名词，此处用复数表示泛指，故填coaches。3excited解析：考查形容词。句意：我有点紧张但又很兴奋。修饰人用ed结尾的形容词，表示“感到的”，故填excited。4to_leave解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这是我第一次离开家乡。当被修饰词前有序数词修饰时，用不定式作后置定语
52、，故填to leave。5adding解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：16岁的Teazin Phuntsok说“这是我第一次离开家乡”，他又补充说在北京他最想参观的地方是鸟巢。Teazin Phuntsok与add之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作状语，故填adding。6his解析：考查代词。句意：Teazin和他的同学是从60多名候选人中选出来的，他们都来自西藏偏远地区。修饰名词fellow students用形容词性物主代词，故填his。7whom解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：Teazin和他的同学是从60多名候选人中选出来的，他们都来自西藏偏远地区。关系词指代先行词cand
53、idates，在从句中作介词of的宾语，故填whom。8a解析：考查冠词。句意：他们即将参加的这次旅行是萨马兰奇基金会2013年发起的“全民免费足球”项目的一部分。此处泛指一个项目，故填a。9was_founded解析：考查时态语态。句意：萨马兰奇基金会是2012年成立的。Samaranch Foundation 与found之间是被动关系，而且事情发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was founded。10after解析：考查固定搭配。句意：它是以前国际奥委会主席萨马兰奇的名字命名的。name after表示“以命名”，故填after。.短文改错Last year, when I w
54、as trying to decide if to study overseas，I talked to my friend. This was the better thing I could have done. This was a big decision for me because I had ever been overseas on my own and I was not sure if I could do it. She had studied overseas previous year. She told me about the challenges and opportunity I might come across and help me make the right decision. I went and it was amazed.Whenever I face with an important decision, I seek advice from another. In this way, I am wellinformed but have the benefit of their ideas and experiences.答案
