1、Section Discovering Useful Structures单元语法精析 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语语法点拨英语中分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词-ing”形式构成，在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。现在分词的基本形式如下：及物动词(do)不及物动词(go)主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式doingbeing donegoing完成式having donehaving been donehaving gone现在分词一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而现在分词的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语动词-in
2、g形式置于某些及物动词和宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。在这种情况下，及物动词通常是表示感觉和心理状态的动词或使役动词。(2019江苏高考)A Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land.一位墨西哥农民惊讶地发现从他的一小块地里冒出了烟。I felt my heart beating violently when I was seeing the 70th anniversary of foundation of the Peoples Republic of China.我看
3、中华人民共和国成立70周年庆典的时候，感到心潮澎湃。1动词-ing形式在感官动词后作宾语补足语在see，hear，feel，watch，notice等感官动词后，用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，表示一个正在进行的主动的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。In the crowded cafe, I heard a friendly voice saying, “You can share my table.”在一个拥挤的咖啡馆，我听到一个友好的声音在说：“你可以和我坐一桌。”He saw a girl wandering on the street this time yesterday.他昨天这
4、个时候看到一个女孩正在街上闲逛。名师点津在see，hear，feel，watch，notice等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用省略to的不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略to的不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。Today on my way home, I saw a man running along the street hurriedly.今天在我回家的路上，我看到一个男人正匆忙从街上跑过。I saw him enter the room and take something away.我看到
5、他进入房间，并带着东西离开了。即学即练完成句子I _noticed_ a thief stealing money from the old womans pocket yesterday.昨天我注意到一个小偷正在从那位上年纪的女士口袋里偷钱。She _heard someone knocking_ at the door.她听到有人在敲门。He _saw a girl get on the car and drive off_.他看见一个女孩上车把车开走了。Can you _hear her singing_ the song in the next room?你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？2动词
6、-ing形式在使役动词宾补结构中的使用使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示“让一直做某事”。Its cold.We should have the fire burning all the time.天气冷。我们应该让火一直燃烧着。I wont have you running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。名师点津(1)have/get宾语done，done是过去分词作宾语补足语。包括两层意思：让别人去做某事He will have/get the computer repaired tomorrow.他明天让人给他修电脑。(主语)遭受到(意外的损失或不幸)
7、He had/got his computer stolen the other day.前几天他的电脑被偷了。(2)have宾语do sth.意思是“让某人去干某事”Mother has me go to the shop to buy some fruit.妈妈让我去商店买一些水果。名师点津leave(使处于某种状态)，keep(使保持某种状态)后一般跟分词作补足语，而不跟动词不定式。Many teachers keep parents informed of childrens performance in the kindergarten by sharing videos on We
8、Chat.许多老师通过在微信上分享视频让家长知晓孩子们在幼儿园的表现。即学即练用所给单词的正确形式填空Mr Smith suggested a good way to have her written English _improved_(improve) in a short period.Dont leave the water _running_(run) while you brush your teeth.Mother has the little girl _play_(play) the piano this afternoon.He needed to have some pa
9、perwork _delivered_(deliver) across the country the next day.3现在分词在with复合结构中的应用在with复合结构中，现在分词充当宾语补足语，表动作“正在进行”。Singing “You dont know love, Fa Hai”， she threw the tortoise into the river, with tears filling her eyes.她唱着法海你不懂爱，把那只乌龟扔进了河里，眼里满是泪水。(2019全国卷)Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a c
10、rowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，挤满了成群的游客，破坏了它宁静的气氛，它应得这样的声誉吗？名师点津在with的复合结构中，也可以使用不定式和过去分词作宾语补足语。All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。I cant go out with all these clothes to wash.要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。即学即练用所给单词的正确形式填空I love my s
11、chool with students _working_(work) hard to realize their dreams and teachers _helping_(help) us like our parents.(2019江苏高考)Chinas image is improving steadily, with more countries _recognizing_(recognize) its role in international affairs.With Christmas _approaching_(approach), a Christmas party wil
12、l be held in the school.二、动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。Swallowing Little Red Hat, the wolf went to bed and slept.大灰狼吞下了小红帽，然后上床睡觉了。(时间状语)I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history.得知你对中国历史感兴趣我很高兴。(原因状语)1动词-ing形式表示
13、时间。Walking in the park，she saw an old friend.When/While (she was) walking in the park，she saw an old friend.当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。(2019全国卷)Hearing these stories, Im skeptical about the place.(When I heard these stories.)当我听到这些故事的时候，我对这个地方有点怀疑。2动词-ing形式表示原因。Not knowing his address, I cant send this b
14、ook to him.(As I dont know his address.)因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书寄给他。3动词-ing形式表示结果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money.(.and left him a lot of money.)他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。4动词-ing形式表示条件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store.(If you go straight down the road.)顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。5动
15、词-ing形式表示让步。Being tired, they went on working.(Although they were tired.)尽管很累了，可他们继续工作。6动词-ing形式表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.(.and stared at the sky for a long time.)他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。7作方式状语He came running back to tell me the news.他跑回来告诉我这个消息。名师点津非谓语动词作状语时，如
16、果提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致，动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来担任，这就是独立主格结构。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.末班车已经开走了，我们不得不走回家。(having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus，而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.天气允许的话，足球赛将在周五举行。(permitting的逻辑主语是time，而不是the football match)即学即练用所给单词的正确形
17、式填空_Having finished_(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground._Studying_(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize.People use plastic in their daily life, _leaving_(leave) large amounts of waste._Working_(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed.The old man, _having worked_(wo
18、rk) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.语法专练用括号中动词的适当形式填空1Yesterday，another student and I，_representing_(represent) our universitys student association，went to the Capital International Airport to meet this years international students.2I stood for a minute _watching_(watch
19、) them and then went to greet them.3She stepped back _appearing_(appear) surprised and put up her hands，as if in defence.4Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in _smiling_(smile)5Just at that moment，however，Akira bowed so his nose touched Georges _moving_(move) hand.6_Not knowing_(not know) anything ab
20、out the accident，he went to work as usual.7The old man sat under the tree _listening_(listen) to the radio.8_Turning_(turn) to the right，you will find the post office youre looking for.9_Having been held_(hold) back by the traffic jam，she couldnt get there on time.10_Having been taken_(take) to hosp
21、ital in time，the little girl infected with bird flu was saved at last.完成句子1While _working in the factory_，he was an advanced worker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。2I _noticed a man running_ out of the bank when I got off the car.我下车的时候注意到一个男人正从银行里跑出来。3_Seeing those pictures_，she remembered her childhood.看到那些画，她想起了
22、自己的童年。4I _felt my heart beating_ violently.我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。5_Having made full preparations_，we are ready for the examination.我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以考了。6_With another problem appearing_，many customers are dissatisfied.随着另一个问题的出现，许多消费者不满意了。7_Not knowing the gold coins hidden under the stone_，many people didnt a
23、ttempt to move it.由于不知道石头底下藏着金币，很多人都没有尝试去搬走它。8You cant _have your son studying_ all day long at the weekend.你不能让你的儿子周末整天待在家里学习。9It has rained for over ten days, _causing the river to rise_.下了十多天雨，致使河水上涨。10They should not _leave us wondering_ what they will do next.他们不应该不让我们知道他们下一步要做什么。语法主题应用根据下面汉语提示
24、写一篇小短文。1在回家的路上，我们看到一个大树枝躺在马路上。(动词-ing形式作宾语补足语)2考虑到它会带来麻烦，我们决定把它移走。(动词-ing形式作原因状语)3在一些过路人的帮助之下，我们成功地把它移到一边。(with的复合结构)4看到我们的所作所为，人们为我们热烈鼓掌。(动词-ing形式作时间状语)_参考范文：On our way home，we saw a big branch lying on the road.Considering it might cause some trouble, we decided to move it away.With some passers-by helping us, we managed to remove it. Seeing what we had done, many people applauded warmly.
