1、北京市海淀区2020-2021学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题英语第一部分:知识运用(共三节，28分)第一节 语法填空（共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Koshiba had a legendary life. When he was a kid, he dreamed of being a soldier or musician, but his dream was broken when his right hand was damaged by polio(小儿麻
2、痹症).While in the hospital, he read Adlbert Einsteins books and _1_ (become) interested in physics. He never made it to the top of his physics class in high school, but went on to study at the University of Tokyo, then the University of Rochester, _2_he earned his PhD. “There are things in the world
3、you can achieve despite poor academic records.” Koshiba said. What _3_ (count) most is adopting an active attitude toward studying.【答案】1. became 2. where 3. counts【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了Koshiba传奇的一生。由于小儿麻痹症所带来的后遗症，他失去了成为士兵和音乐家的机会。但是偶然间，他爱上了物理，最后还取得了博士学位。【1题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在医院期间，他阅读了阿德伯特爱因斯坦的书，并对物理学产生了
4、兴趣。根据上文的While in the hospital, he read Adlbert Einsteins books可知，此处介绍过去发生的事情，所以需要用一般过去时。主语he和谓语动词become是主动关系。故填became。【2题详解】考查定语从句。句意：高中时，他的物理成绩从来没有名列前茅，但他先后就读于东京大学和罗切斯特大学，并在那里获得了博士学位。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词the University of Rochester在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句。故填where。【3题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：最重要的是采取积极
5、的学习态度。分析句子结构可知，此空为主语从句的谓语动词。根据下文is以及句意可知，此处陈述客观事实，需要用一般现在时。在主语从句中，What作主语，所以谓语用单数。count表示“重要”时是不及物动词，没有被动。故填counts。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Zoos play an important role in the world for conservation and education. They are _4_ (particular) important for endangere
6、d species. Many animals are critically_5_ danger and may go extinct in the wild, but in zoos, they are going wrong. Many others are already extinct in the wild and only animals _6_ are kept in zoos survive. Even those critics of zoos often recognize that it is better to have species preserved somewh
7、ere than lose them altogether, as animals held in zoos _7_ (protect) from serious threat.【答案】4. particularly 5. in 6. that/which 7. are protected【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了动物园在保护濒危动物方面的作用。【4题详解】考查副词。句意：它们对濒危物种尤其重要。空处修饰形容词important，应用副词形式。故填particularly。【5题详解】考查介词。句意：许多动物在野外处于极度危险中，可能会灭绝。be in danger处于危险中，
8、是固定短语，故填in。【6题详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多其他动物在野外已经灭绝，只有饲养在动物园的动物才能生存。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是animals，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或which引导，故填that/which。【7题详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：即使是那些批评动物园的人也常常认识到，把物种保存在某个地方总比把它们全部丢掉要好，因为关在动物园里的动物受到保护，免受严重威胁。结合本句时态可知，空处也使用一般现在时，且主语animals和动词protect之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是名词复数，故填are protected。C阅读下列短文，根
9、据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。_8_ (wear) different colors can affect how you feel and how others react to you, so it is important to consider this when deciding _9_ to wear in the morning. If you want people to take you seriously, put on navy blue or black. Blue would also be
10、 helpful for an interview or oral examination because it relaxes you and makes you feel calm. Red gets you noticed by everyone and make you feel energetic, _10_be careful, as it can raise your heart rate and not everyone want this effect. So think carefully before you leave your house.【答案】8. Wearing
11、 9. what 10. but【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了穿不同颜色的衣服带来的自我感觉，以及对别人如何看待你的影响，并进行了举例说明。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：穿不同的颜色会影响你的感受以及其他人对你的反应，所以在决定早上穿什么时，考虑这一点是很重要的。分析句子可知，“_1_ (wear) different colors”作主语用动名词形式，置句首单词首字母大写，故填Wearing。9题详解】考查疑问词+不定式。句意：穿不同的颜色会影响你的感受以及其他人对你的反应，所以在决定早上穿什么时，考虑这一点是很重要的。分析句子可知，空格处是“疑问词+不定式”作deciding
12、的宾语，wear缺少宾语，结合句意，what“什么”符合题意，并作宾语，故填what。【10题详解】考查连词。句意：红色会让每个人都注意到你，让你感到充满活力，但是要小心，因为它可以提高你的心率，不是每个人都想要这种效果。根据句意，前后文是转折关系，故填but。第二节 选词填空（共6小题;每小题1分，共6分)阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从方框中选择适当的词填空，其中有两项为多余选项。conduct；created； despite；discovered；gained； influential；promising；thoughTu Youyou is the first Chinese fema
13、le scientist who was awarded a Nobel Prize.She studied medicine and _11_ a deep knowledge about traditional practices, which enabled her to be chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria in 1969. With the idea that Chinese herbs might hold the secret, Tu Youyou and her team studied some re
14、lated literature and _12_ a lot of researches with limited resources. They used modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.After hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a _13_ chemical. Tu Youyou bravely volunteered to be the first human subject in the test o
15、n humans. The chemical they _14_ artemisinin, has now become the worlds most effective drug for fighting malaria.As one of the most _15_ figures of science in the 20th Century, she is not interested in fame and she continues to do research today _16_ her age. What she did not only saved millions of
16、lives, but also bridged the Eastern and Western worlds.【答案】11. gained 12. conducted 13. promising 14. discovered 15. influential 16. despite【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。介绍了中国科学家屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖的事情以及她的科学研究。【11题详解】考查动词。句意：她学习医学，获得了对传统医学的深刻了解，这使她得以在1969年成立了一个团队来寻找治疗疟疾的方法。分析句子可知，空格处填动词作谓语，与studied并列，用一般过去时，由“She studied med
17、icine”可推断，学习医学，因此获得了对传统中医的深刻了解。gain“获得”符合语境，故填gained。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：基于中草药可能会起作用，屠呦呦和她的团队研究了一些相关的文献，并在有限的资源下进行了大量的研究。分析句子可知，空格处填动词作谓语，与studied并列，用一般过去时，由“a lot of researches”并结合上文可推断，屠呦呦和她的团队研究文献并进行研究，conduct“进行”符合语境，故填conducted。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：经过数百次失败的实验以后，他们最终发现了一种有前景的化学物质。分析句子可知，空格处填形容词作定语，由下文“Tu
18、Youyou bravely volunteered to be the first human subject in the test on humans.(屠呦呦勇敢地志愿成为第一个人类实验对象)”可推断，这种化学物质是promising“充满希望的；有前景的”，故填promising。【14题详解】考查动词时态。句意：她们发现的这种化学物质青蒿素现在已经成为世界上抗击疟疾最有效的药物。分析句子可知，空格处是定语从句“they _4_ artemisinin”的谓语动词，由上文的“came across”可知，此处指他们discover“发现”的化学物质，根据上文语境可知，是过去发现的，用
19、一般过去时，故填discovered。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：作为20世纪最具影响力的科学人物之一，她对声名不感兴趣，尽管年事已高，今天仍然继续做研究。分析句子可知，空格处填形容词作定语，根据上文的介绍可知，屠呦呦是influential“有影响力的”的科学人物，故填influential。【16题详解】考查介词。句意：作为20世纪最具影响力的科学人物之一，她对声名不感兴趣，尽管年事已高，今天仍然继续做研究。分析句子可知，空格处用介词，下文“her age”作介词宾语，根据句意，上下文是转折关系，故despite“尽管”符合语境。故填despite。第三节 完形填空（共12小题;每小题
20、1分，共12分)阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。“I was attacked by a tiger shark in October 1997. It was near my home on the island of Kanai. The waves were really good, so nothing was stopping us.” That was until large shark came right up under Mike and _17_ his teeth into Mikes lower leg. Thered be
21、en no splashing, no noise, and Mike felt no pain, only intense pressure on his _18_ body.As he tried to get himself free, the shark bit down harder, shaking its head back and forth and tossing Mike around like a doll. Mike hit the shark hard in the face, again and again until the shark _19_ him. As
22、Mike swam back into shore, he felt his lower right leg spamming(痉挛); when he looked down, he realized it was _20_. The shark had bit his lower leg off. Mikes friends came to his aid immediately, and tried to control severe bleeding and rushed him to the hospital.When Mike opened his eyes, he realize
23、d he was in the hospital.During the next few weeks, Mike researched prosthetics (假肢) and considered the _21_. As soon as Mike was given the OK by his doctors, he did what many of us might consider _22_: he started riding the waves again. In fact, his first time back was near the site of his attack.
24、But Mike was unshaken. Instead, he was curious-why was he attacked? Mike _23_ that the water had a fishy smell the morning of the attack. Was that what attracted the shark?His curiosity led him to research sharks, and while he never_24_ why he became a target, Mike did learn something that would cha
25、nge his life: Humans are far more _25_ to sharks than the other way around, Mike tells Readers Digest. “I watched a documentary called Sharkwater, and I learned about the _26_for shark fin soup and the fact that 70 million sharks a year are killed for their fins alone.”His unique situation as a shar
26、k survivor empowered him to give sharks a _27_, Mike says. He began working with the Hawaii state legislature (立法机关)to help pass a _28_ on shark-related products.” I partnered with other like-minded shark attack survivors and marine biologists, and we headed to Washington to urge the government to c
27、reate a nationwide bill protecting sharks.”17. A. cutB. bitC. sankD. dropped18. A. upperB. lowerC. innerD. heavier19. A. releasedB. defeatedC. spottedD. replaced20. A. caughtB. stolenC. leftD. gone21. A. injuryB. futureC. careerD. event22. A. unimportantB. incorrectC. unthinkableD. immature23. A. pr
28、ovedB. stressedC. recalledD. regretted24. A. puzzled overB. figured outC. cared aboutD. look into25. A. sensitiveB. friendlyC. riskyD. dangerous26. A. demandB. anxietyC. benefitD. value27. A. voiceB. challengeC. rightD. chance28. A. planB. testC. decisionD. ban【答案】17. C 18. B 19. A 20. D 21. B 22. C
29、 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. A 28. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了一次冲浪爱好者迈克在海中遇险，被鲨鱼咬掉了小腿。在迈克安装了假肢后，他不仅重返大海，继续冲浪运动，还从事起鲨鱼保护的公益活动。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到一条大鲨鱼游到迈克身下，咬住了他的小腿。A. cut切下；B. bit咬；C. sank陷入；D. dropped下降。根据“As he tried to get himself free, the shark bit down harder, shaking its head back and forth and
30、 tossing Mike around like a doll.”可知大鲨鱼咬住了迈克的小腿。sinkinto意思是陷入，形象生动地再现了鲨鱼悄无声息地把迈克的小腿置于自己锋利的牙齿间的情景。故选C。【18题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有喷溅，没有响声，迈克也没有感觉到疼痛，只有下半身受到强烈的压迫。A. upper上面的；B. lower下面的；C. inner内部的；D. heavier沉重的。根据“That was until large shark came right up under Mike and _1_ his teeth into Mikes lower leg.”
31、可知鲨鱼咬住了迈克的小腿，他自然是下半身受到强烈的压迫。故选B。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：迈克重重地打在鲨鱼的脸上，一次又一次，直到鲨鱼松开了他。 A. released放开；B. defeated打败；C. spotted发现；D. replaced取代。根据“As Mike swam back into shore, he felt his lower right leg spamming”可知在迈克不断地击打下，鲨鱼松开了他，迈克游回了岸边。故选A。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当迈克游回岸边时，他感到右腿痉挛； 当他往下看时，他发现它不见了。A. caught抓住；
32、B. stolen偷；C. left离开；D. gone不复存在。根据“The shark had bit his lower leg off.”可知他发现自己的小腿不在了。故选D。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个星期里，迈克研究了修复术，并考虑了未来 。A. injury伤害；B. future未来；C. career生涯；D. event事件。根据“During the next few weeks, Mike researched prosthetics”结合下文他又去海边冲浪，可知迈克研究了修复术，并考虑了未来。故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：医生们
33、一同意，迈克就做了一件我们很多人可能认为不可思议的事：他又开始冲浪了。A. unimportant不重要的；B. incorrect不正确的；C. unthinkable不能想象的；D. immature不成熟的。根据“he started riding the waves again. In fact, his first time back was near the site of his attack.”可知迈克被鲨鱼咬掉了小腿，还决定继续冲浪，这是人们无法想象的事情。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：迈克回忆起在袭击发生的那天早上，海水里有股鱼腥味。 A. proved证明
34、；B. stressed强调；C. recalled回忆；D. regretted后悔。根据“the water had a fishy smell the morning of the attack.”可知迈克在回忆被鲨鱼袭击的那天早晨。故选C。【24题详解】考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：他的好奇心促使他去研究鲨鱼，虽然他从未弄清楚自己为什么会成为目标，但迈克确实学到了一些改变他一生的东西:人类对鲨鱼的危险远超过鲨鱼对人类的危险，迈克告诉读者文摘。A. puzzled over努力思考；B. figured out想出，弄明白； C. cared about关心；D. look into调查。
35、根据“why he became a target”可知他从未弄清楚自己为什么会成为目标。故选B。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的好奇心促使他去研究鲨鱼，虽然他从未弄清楚自己为什么会成为目标，但迈克确实学到了一些改变他一生的东西:人类对鲨鱼的危险远超过鲨鱼对人类的危险，迈克告诉读者文摘。 A. sensitive敏感的；B. friendly友好的；C. risky冒险的； D. dangerous危险的。根据“I watched a documentary called Sharkwater, and I learned about the _10_for shark fin s
36、oup and the fact that 70 million sharks a year are killed for their fins alone.”可知人类对鲨鱼的危险远超过鲨鱼对人类的危险。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看了一部名为鲨鱼水的纪录片，我了解到人们对鱼翅汤的需求，以及每年仅为了鱼翅就有7000万条鲨鱼被捕杀的事实。A. demand需求；B. anxiety焦虑；C. benefit好处；D. value价值。根据“and the fact that 70 million sharks a year are killed for their fins
37、 alone.”可知这里意思是人们对鱼翅汤的需求。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：迈克说，作为鲨鱼幸存者，他独特处境赋予了他发言权。A. voice发言权；B. challenge挑战；C. right权利；D. chance机会。根据“He began working with the Hawaii state legislature (立法机关）to help pass a _12_ on shark-related products.”可知迈克为鲨鱼发声，即他的独特处境赋予了他发言权。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他开始与夏威夷州立法机构合作，帮助通过一项关
38、于鲨鱼相关产品的禁令。A. plan计划；B. test测验；C. decision决定；D. ban禁令。根据“on shark-related products”和“we headed to Washington to urge the government to create a nationwide bill protecting sharks”可知这里意思是帮助通过一项关于鲨鱼相关产品的禁令。故选D。第二部分:阅读理解（共两节，32分)第一节 阅读选择(共12小题;每题2分，共24分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWomen Who Change
39、d Science ForeverThis International Womens Day, were celebrating three women who changed the face of science forever.Ellen OchoaEllen Ochoa is an American engineer and retired astronaut. She was the first Latina woman to fly in space as part of the crew of the shuttle Discovery in 1993. Ochoa attend
40、ed San Diego State University and then continued her education at Stanford. Ochoa regards her mother, whose passion for learning kept her in part-time college courses all through Ochoas childhood, as an important influence on her career.At the end of her flying career, Ochoa had traveled nearly 1,00
41、0 hours in space. From 2012 to 2018, Ochoa served as the director of Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, only the second woman to head up NASAs human spaceflight headquarters.Mamie Phipps ClarkMamie Phipps Clark was an American social psychologist (心理学家), who specialized in child development in
42、black children. Born in Arkansas, Clark drew on her early experiences as a black child in the segregated (种族隔离的) American South to help children growing up with the same iniquities.Clark stated at Howard University in 1934, and went on to complete a PhD in psychology. She and Kenneth, now her husban
43、d, were the first two black people to earn PhDs at Columbia. With their funding, she started the famous Doll Test, which showed the negative effects of school segregation on black children.Anandibai Gopalrao JosheeAnandibai Jpshee was to become Indias first woman physician with a medical degree. Whe
44、n she was young, her father strayed (偏离) from the traditional Hindu belief that women should not receive education and encouraged her to go to school. When she was fifteen, she was determined to study medicine, a choice likely influenced by the loss of an infant son and surviving a serious illness h
45、erself. At the Womans Medical College, Joshee studied devotedly, hoping to return to India to serve other Indian women.She died in February 1887 at the young age of twenty-one. Despite her short life, Joshees accomplishments were remarkable for an Indian woman, and her achievements were enough to op
46、en the door for other Indian women to quickly follow.29. In Ochoas idea, what influences her most in her career?A. Her part-time job in a college.B. Her first flight in space in 1993.C. Her mothers desire for knowledge.D. Her experience in NASA headquarters.30. What is Phipps Clark famous for?A. Hav
47、ing a PhD in psychology.B. Fighting against racial discrimination.C. Starting the test on the growth of children.D. Devoting herself to the founding of equalities.31. What do the three great women have in common?A. They specialized in similar research fields.B. They all experienced inequality in edu
48、cation.C. They were pioneers changing our belief in women.D They were scientists influencing our way of learning32. Which of the following word best describes the three women?A. Dedicated.B. Modest.C. Creative.D. Caring.【答案】29. C 30. B 31. C 32. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三位伟大的女性，讲述了她们的成就。【29题详解】细节理解题。根
49、据第二段“Ochoa regards her mother, whose passion for learning kept her in part-time college courses all through Ochoas childhood, as an important influence on her career.(奥乔亚认为她的母亲对她的职业生涯有重要的影响。她的母亲对学习的热情使她在整个童年时期都在兼职学习大学课程)”可知，奥乔亚母亲对知识的渴望对她职业生涯影响最大。故选C。30题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Born in Arkansas, Clark drew on
50、her early experiences as a black child in the segregated(种族隔离的)American South to help children growing up with the same iniquities.(克拉克出生在阿肯色州，她早年在种族隔离的美国南部作为一个黑人儿童的经历，帮助那些在同样的不公中成长的孩子)”可知，菲普斯克拉克以反对种族歧视出名。故选B。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“This International Womens Day, were celebrating three women who changed
51、the face of science forever.(今年的国际妇女节，我们要庆祝三位永远改变了科学面貌的女性)”可推断，这三位伟大的女性是改变我们对女性信念的先锋。故选C。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“At the end of her flying career, Ochoa had traveled nearly 1,000 hours in space.(在她的飞行生涯结束时，奥乔亚在太空中飞行了近1000小时)”；倒数第三段“With their funding, she started the famous Doll Test, which showed the neg
52、ative effects of school segregation on black children.(在他们的资助下，她开始了著名的娃娃测试，展示了学校隔离对黑人儿童的负面影响)”以及倒数第二段“At the Womans Medical College, Joshee studied devotedly, hoping to return to India to serve other Indian women.(在女子医学院，乔西专心致志地学习，希望回到印度服务其他印度妇女)”可推断，这三位女性献身于自己的社会事业。故选A。BECycling refers to the recyc
53、ling of electronic items, which are becoming a common problem in American home and throughout the world. The EPA, or Environmental Protection Agency, has actually started a program to help and motivate the recycling of electronics.To get the program to the regional and neighborhood levels, the EPA d
54、irected “Plug-In to eCyeling Partners.” These partnerships support electronic reusing programs in individual communities. They provide local governments, retailers and manufacturers with opportunities to reuse and recycle their items. Those who make and offer electronic devices then promote programs
55、 and opportunities for consumers to reuse their second-hand electronic products. One of the EPAs goals is to enlighten customers about why the recycling of electronics is so important. They likewise wish to make eCycling chances easily accessible to specific consumers and their family electronics. A
56、ccording to the EPA, the eCycling program has actually been quite successful. In 2008, the EPA collected 66.5 million pounds of electronic devices through their Plug-In Partners.Local governments have actually likewise got on board and passed laws intended to handle used electronic devices. Huge cor
57、porations have actually introduced eCycling programs at their local retail stores. One seller offers customers small, medium and big boxes for sale, which the customers then load with used electronics and go back to the store. Typically，customers bring their recyclable electronics to a location. Whe
58、n the electronic items are gathered by the EPA(typically this is done byt he Partners), they are reused or recycled.Reused items are repaired and refurbished, and passed on to others as a contribution. You can repair or recondition your very own electronic devices too, extending the life of the item
59、s and conserving the energy of making new materials. Reusing electronic devices includes making use of the products and pats of the items. These materials and parts are then made use of to produce another item. This is more efficient than making items from new materials.Some items that are commonly
60、eCycled consist of televisions, computer monitors, printers, notebook computer, keyboards and cable televisions. Less usual items include copying machines, CDplayers, voice mail machines, computer hard drives, mobile telephones, remote controls, radios, batteries, telephones, facsimile machines and
61、computer games. Occasionally, electronic items such as microwaves, fans, vacuums, smoke alarms, and toasters are eCycled.As the eCycling program continues, you or your organization may want to get involved. Check the EPAs internet site (www.epa.gov) for regional eCycling programs, or for details on
62、how your company can participate. Their website has links to organizations that are taking part in the eCycling program.33. The EPA brought about “Plug-In to eCycling Partners” to_.A. make and offer electronic devices to consumersB. make customers understand the importance of eCyclingC. make the pro
63、gram accessible to local regions and communitiesD. make it possible for consumers to reuse their used e-products34. The Plug-In Partners are mainly engaged in_.A. repairing electronic deviceB. gathering recyclable electronicsC. reusing second-hand e-productsD. offering customers different boxes for
64、sale.35. What can we infer from the passage?A. People can sell their reused items on the Internet.B. Individuals cant take part in eCycling programs.C. Devices of computers are well eCycled.D. Not every electronic item can be eCycled.36. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To introduce a new
65、 way to save costs.B. To teach customers how to recycle electronics.C. To attract people to join in the eCycling programs.D. To call on local governments to support Plug-In Partners.【答案】33. C 34. B 35. D 36. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为eCycling的项目，它是指电子产品的回收，这正在成为一个普遍的问题在美国家庭和世界各地。 美国环境保护署实际上已经启动了一个
66、项目来帮助和激励电子产品的回收利用。文章介绍了这个项目的一些开展情况和人们的参与情况。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“To get the program to the regional and neighborhood levels, the EPA directed “Plug-In to eCyeling Partners.” These partnerships support electronic reusing programs in individual communities.(为了将该项目推广到地区和社区层面，环保署将Plug-In应用于eCyeling Partne
67、rs。这些伙伴关系支持各个社区的电子产品再利用项目)”可知，美国环境保护署推出了“Plug-In to eCycling Partners”计划，是为了使当地地区和社区都可以使用该计划。故选C。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“They provide local governments, retailers and manufacturers with opportunities to reuse and recycle their items. Those who make and offer electronic devices then promote programs and
68、opportunities for consumers to reuse their second-hand electronic products.(它们为地方政府、零售商和制造商提供了重新利用和回收其产品的机会。那些制造和提供电子设备的公司会为消费者提供再利用二手电子产品的项目和机会)”可知，Plug-In Partners主要从事回收电子产品的收集活动。故选B。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Some items that are commonly eCycled consist of televisions, computer monitors, printers, note
69、book computer, keyboards and cable televisions. Less usual items include copying machines, CDplayers, voice mail machines, computer hard drives, mobile telephones, remote controls, radios, batteries, telephones, facsimile machines and computer games. Occasionally, electronic items such as microwaves
70、, fans, vacuums, smoke alarms, and toasters are eCycled.(一些通常被回收的物品包括电视机、电脑显示器、打印机、笔记本电脑、键盘和有线电视。不太常见的物品包括复印机、CD播放机、语音留言机、电脑硬盘、移动电话、遥控器、收音机、电池、电话、传真机和电脑游戏。偶尔也会回收微波、风扇、吸尘器、烟雾报警器和烤面包机等电子产品)”可推知，不是所有的电子产品都能被回收利用。故选D。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“As the eCycling program continues, you or your organization may wan
71、t to get involved. Check the EPAs internet site (www.epa.gov) for regional eCycling programs, or for details on how your company can participate. Their website has links to organizations that are taking part in the eCycling program.(随着eCycling的继续，您或您的组织可能想要参与其中。查看美国环境保护署的网站(www.epa.gov)，了解区域eCycling
72、项目，或了解贵公司如何参与的详细信息。他们的网站上有参与电子产品回收项目的组织的链接)”可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是吸引人们参加eCycling项目。故选C。CWhat role might arts play in response to climate change and related economic and ecological crises?Its often said that a novel, a painting, a song or a motion picture changed how a lot of people thought or felt about the
73、 world. Anthropologists (人类学家) and historians rightly argue that major changes in society have sprung up not from the arts, but from-our relationship to our environment. Nevertheless, artists efforts help shape the terms by which society adapts to such changes and their consequences. Think of how Be
74、ethoven marked the beginnings of modern democracy and the nascent (初期的) Industrial Revolution. Or how Hollywood writers and directors inspired massive support for the U.S. war effort during the early 1940s.We have stepped into a century in which the societal systems have been built since the start o
75、f the Industrial Revolution. Our food system，transport system，energy system，financial system，and possibly our political and governance systems were designed during an era in which fossil fuels met the great quantity of our fast-growing energy demand. But fossil fuels are exhaustible resources, and t
76、heir reduction will drive evermore desperate methods of extraction (提炼), create evermore environmental risk and require evermore capital-even as alternative energy sources they are also costly. Further, burning fossil fuels changes our planets climate. So, at the same time our economy will need to b
77、e redesigned to run on entirely different energy sources, and the natural world will be shifting around us in unprecedented (空前的) ways, with more frequent disastrous storms，floods，droughts etc.Everything will be up for negotiation, redesign and change. And artists have the opportunity and duty to tr
78、anslate the resulting tumultuous (动荡的) human experience into words, images，and music that help people not just to understand these events mentally, but also to come to grips with them willingly. The economic and environmental shifts described above are currently being detailed in ever-greater specif
79、icity in hundreds of reports released yearly by climate and energy experts. Whats missing in their carefully worded journal articles is the human dimensions of imagination, joy or sorrow, inspiration, and passion. Art can help us cope with the possible effects of our collective challenges. It can he
80、lp prepare society for a possibly painful future. It can give voice to suffering and loss, helping people deal with lifes unavoidable stress. And it can also offer beauty, which can be especially important in hard times.Meaningful art can and must express the chaos we encounter and help us process i
81、t mentally and emotionally. To achieve this, artists need to dig deeper, observe more closely and help their audiences connect abstract explanations and forecasts with actual experiences.37. The author mentions Beethoven to suggest that_.A. musicians can easily adapt to changes in societyB. music ca
82、n control the social change of the worldC. anthropologists are right about major changes in societyD. art serves as a bridge for people to understand the world38. What do the underlined words “come to grips with” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. start to createB. begin to deal withC. try to recordD.
83、take an interest in39. According to the author, the artists _ .A. are expected to show human experience in worksB. deal with the unpleasant events willinglyC. help people forecast painful futureD. are the voice of suffering and loss40. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A
84、. Art in Greater Need during Climate ChangeB. The Relationship Between Society and ArtC. The Climate Clues Hidden in At HistoryD. The Best Ways to Change the World【答案】37. D 38. B 39. A 40. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了艺术在应对气候变化以及相关的经济危机和生态危机方面可以发挥什么作用。【37题详解】细节理解题。从题干关键词“Beethoven”，可以定位到文章第一段，根据第一段的第二至第四
85、句可知，人类学家和历史学家认为，社会的重大变化不是从艺术中产生的，而是从我们与环境的关系中产生的。然而，艺术家的努力，帮助我们塑造了社会适应这些变化及其后果的条件。想想贝多芬是如何标志着现代民主和初期工业革命的开始。因此可推断，作者提到贝多芬是想说明，艺术可以帮助人们更好的理解和认识世界。选项D意为“艺术是人们认识世界的桥梁”，与作者观点相符。故选D项。【38题详解】词句猜测题。选项含义：A. 开始创造；B. 开始处理；C. 试图记录；D. 对感兴趣；根据划线单词“come to grips with”所在句 “And artists have the opportunity and duty
86、 to translate the resulting tumultuous（动荡的）human experience into words, images，and music that help people not just to understand these events mentally, but also to come to grips with them willingly.(艺术家有机会也有义务把由此产生的混乱的人类经历转化成文字、图像和音乐，不仅有助于人们从心理上理解这些事件，而且有助于人们心甘情愿地处理这些事件)”可知，此处意为“处理”。故选B项。【39题详解】观点态度
87、题。根据第四段第二句“And artists have the opportunity and duty to translate the resulting tumultuous(动荡的)human experience into words, images，and music(艺术家有机会也有义务把由此产生的混乱的人类经历转化成文字、图像和音乐)”，以及作者在此处的用词“duty”可知，作者认为艺术家应该在作品中展示人类的经历。选项A “artists are expected to show human experience in works(艺术家被期望在作品中展示人类的经历)”，与作
88、者的观点相符。故选A项。【40题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，本文要讨论艺术在应对气候变化和相关经济和生态危机方面可能发挥什么作用。根据最后一段可知，有意义的艺术可以而且必须表达我们遇到的混乱，并帮助我们在心理和情感上处理它。要做到这一点，艺术家需要更深入地挖掘，更密切地观察，帮助观众将抽象的解释和预测与实际经验联系起来。也就是说，作者认为，艺术可以帮助人们更好的理解和应对较大的社会变化以及社会混乱。选项A “Art in Greater Need during Climate Change(气候变化期间更需要艺术)”中，“climate change”属于较大的变化，需要艺术帮助人们
89、更好的理解和应对，与作者在文中的观点一致。选项B“The Relationship Between Society and Art(社会和艺术的关系)”，在原文中并没有提到社会与艺术的关系，而是侧重于讲艺术的作用。选项C“The Climate Clues Hidden in Art History(藏在艺术史中的气候线索)”，在原文中没有提到。选项D“The Best Ways to Change the World(改变世界的最佳方式)”， 在原文中没有提到。故选A项。【点睛】做阅读理解题时，在文中出现大写字母的地方，通常是人名，地名，机构名等，以及文中出现引号，或者出现数字的地方，都是细
90、节理解题比较容易设问的点，所以在阅读时，遇到有上述特征的文段，可以多加留意，或者提前标注，以便于在答题时可以快速定位，提升答题效率，比如文中第1小题的“Beethoven”。第二节 阅读回答问题（共4小题;每小题2分，共8分)阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。Your Food Choices Affect the Earths ClimateEvery action has a cost, even for growing food and delivering it to your dinner plate. A team of researchers has found that m
91、eat production releases more climate-warming pollution than it does when producing fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains. Their calculations suggest that people could do a lot to slow global warming if they limited how much meat they eat.There are plenty of “costs” of food. As to the visible costs, pe
92、ople pay money for the food as well as the fuel needed to get groceries to the store or restaurant. However, producing foods also takes resources，for example，the water used to irritate (灌溉）crop fields or the fertilizer and chemicals used to promote plant growth and fight pests.Peter Scarborough at t
93、he University of Oxford in England decided to calculate some of the less-visible pollution created by food production. His team focused on greenhouse gases emitted through the production of our food, including carbon dioxide(CO2)，methane(甲烷） and the nitrous oxide. All three gases are important. Whil
94、e CO2 is the greenhouse gas released in the highest volume, methane and nitrous oxide stay in the atmosphere far longer than CO2 does. As such, they are more powerful in warm the earths atmosphere.They used a computer to change the methane and nitrous-oxide emissions for each persons diet into its c
95、arbon dioxide “equivalent.”Thats the amount of CO2 needed to warm Earths atmosphere by the same amount as the methane or nitrous oxide would.As for the calculations of the carbon dioxide “equivalent(等量)”, in the 1990s, a survey asked65,000 adults what they typically had eaten throughout the past yea
96、r. Scarboroughs team fed those data into a computer and then included the amount of green house gases linked with producing nearly100 common foods. Then the computer matched those green house-gas amounts to the mix of foods each person had reported eating.It shows that the diet of someone whose meal
97、s included an average of 50 to 99 grams of meat each day would be responsible for the daily release of 5.6 kilograms of CO2 equivalent while those vegans had the lowest diet-linked greenhouse-gas emissions (2.9 kg of CO2 equivalent).Its authors conclude that reducing the intake of meat and other ani
98、mal-based products can make a valuable contribution to climate change reduction. And compared to meat, more plant-based food calories can be grown on more lands with less water and other resources. In places where many people are going hungry, raising meat may make it harder to ensure that everyone
99、gets enough to eat.41. What are the visible costs of food mentioned in the article?42. According to the author, why can our food choices affect the earths climate?43. Please underline the inappropriate part in the following statement and explain why. Plant-based food can adapt to more types of lands
100、 than meat, but they may have a higher requirement of water and other resources, which can be a disadvantage of such food.44. Apart from food choices, are there any other ways for you to protect the environment? List two or more.【答案】41. People pay money for the food as well as the fuel needed to get
101、 groceries to the store or restaurant. 42. Because meat production releases more climate-warming pollution than that does to producing fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains and people could do a lot to slow global warming if they limited how much meat they eat. 43. 划线从but开始到最后。According to the text, t
102、he plant-based food can not only be grown on more lands, but such food will also use less water and other resources instead of more of that, which can be an advantage of such food. 44. I will try my best to save electricity, for example, using energy-efficient light bulbs instead of regular bulbs, w
103、hich can last longer. Also, I will make sure to turn off lights, the TV, and other appliances when Im not using them. Another way to reduce electricity use is to lower the air conditioning or heat when its not necessary.【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了食物的选择影响地球上的气候。研究人员发现肉类生产比生产水果、蔬菜、坚果和谷物时释放出使气候变暖的污染。建议人们通过限制吃
104、肉减缓全球变暖。【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段的“As to the visible costs, people pay money for the food as well as the fuel needed to get groceries to the store or restaurant.(至于可见的成本，人们花钱购买食物也购买把杂货送到商店或餐馆所需的燃料)”可知，可见的食品成本是指人们花钱买食物和把杂货送到商店或餐馆所需的燃料，故答案为People pay money for the food as well as the fuel needed to get groc
105、eries to the store or restaurant.【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“A team of researchers has found that meat production releases more climate-warming pollution than it does when producing fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains. Their calculations suggest that people could do a lot to slow global warming if they limi
106、ted how much meat they eat.( 一对研究人员发现，肉类生产比生产水果、蔬菜、坚果和谷物时释放出更多使气候变暖的污染。他们的计算表明，如果人们限制自己吃肉的数量，就可以减缓全球变暖)” 可知，肉类生产比生产水果、蔬菜、坚果和谷物会释放出更多使气候变暖的污染，如果人们限制吃肉，他们可以大大减缓全球变暖，因此推断我们对食物的选择影响地球上的气候。故答案为Because meat production releases more climate-warming pollution than that does to producing fruits, vegetables,
107、nuts and grains and people could do a lot to slow global warming if they limited how much meat they eat.【43题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“And compared to meat, more plant-based food calories can be grown on more lands with less water and other resources. In places where many people are going hungry, raising meat
108、 may make it harder to ensure that everyone gets enough to eat.(与肉类相比，更多的植物性食物可以在更多的土地上种植，而使用更少的水和其他资源，在许多人挨饿的地方，饲养肉类会更难确保每个人都吃到足够的东西。)”可知，but后的内容“they may have a higher requirement of water and other resources, which can be a disadvantage of such food(它们可能对水和其他资源的需求更高，这可能是这类食物的缺点)”是不合适的，因为植物性食物不仅可以
109、种植在更多的土地上，而且这种食物也使用更少的水和其他资源，而不是更多，这可能是这种食物的一个优势。故答案为：划线从but开始到最后。According to the text, the plant-based food can not only be grown on more lands, but such food will also use less water and other resources instead of more of that, which can be an advantage of such food.【44题详解】主观题。本题是开放性试题。考生可以根据自己的知
110、识，从节能省电等方面来回答问题。例如，用寿命更长的节能灯泡而不是普通灯泡。在不使用灯、电视和其他电器时，一定要关掉它们。另外通过减少空调的使用和没必要的制热来减少电的使用。故参考答案为I will try my best to save electricity, for example, using energy-efficient light bulbs instead of regular bulbs, which can last longer. Also, I will make sure to turn off lights, the TV, and other appliances
111、 when Im not using them. Another way to reduce electricity use is to lower the air conditioning or heat when its not necessary.第三部分: 书面表达（共一题，共15分)45. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，今年6月5日是第50个世界环境日(World Environment Day)，你校将举办一场相关主题活动。请你写一封邮件，邀请你班交换生Jim参加。邮件内容包括:1.简述该活动的目的；2.介绍该活动的日程（例如时间、地点、内容等)；3询问对方意向。注意:1.100词
112、左右；2.开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_YoursLi Hua【答案】Possible Version 1Dear Jim,How have you been recently? As the World Environmental Day is coming, an educational activity aiming to raise our awareness of environment protection will be held in our school. I believe you will be interested in it. Let me tel
113、l you more about the arrangement. On the morning of June 5th, a professor will give a lecture at 9:00 in the central hall, through which we can get more knowledge in this field. Then in the afternoon, an exhibition of some world-famous artworks on protecting the earth will be held in the Students Ac
114、tivity Center. What do you think of this activity? Would you like to come and join us? Im looking forward to your participation.Yours,Li HuaPossible Version 2Dear Jim,How have you been recently? As the World Environmental Day is around the corner, a series of eye-opening and educational activities w
115、ill be held in our school with the theme of making peace with nature. Since youre concerned about the environmental issues, I believe it will be of great interest to you. The aim of the activity is to raise our awareness of environment protection and call for students to put in their efforts to make
116、 the world a better place to live in. After all, small changes can bring about a big difference. Let me tell you more about the specific arrangement. On the morning of June 5th, a professor will give a lecture at 9:00 in the central hall on the significance of living a low-carbon life. Not only can
117、we obtain some professional knowledge in this field, we can also get some practical tips such as ways of saving water, paper and electricity at school. Then in the afternoon, an art exhibition named REIMAGINERECOVERRESTORE will be held in the Students Activity Center. You cant miss the wonderful pre
118、sentation about some international award-winning paintings and sculptures. They depict the damage nature has suffered and the efforts to reverse it. Whats more, craftwork made with recycled materials by our schoolmates will also be on display. What do you think of this activity after my introduction
119、? Would you like to come and join us? Im looking forward to your participation and you are bound to love it. Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加学校举办的世界环境日的相关活动。【详解】1.词汇积累到来：arrivecome旨在做某事：aim at doingaim to do演讲：speechlecture关于：abouton2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Then in the afternoon, an exh
120、ibition of some world-famous artworks on protecting the earth will be held in the Students Activity Center.拓展句：Then in the afternoon an exhibition of some world-famous artworks will be held in the Students Activity Center, whose theme is on protecting the earth.【点睛】高分句型1 As the World Environmental D
121、ay is coming, an educational activity aiming to raise our awareness of environment protection will be held in our school. (运用了as引导的状语从句)高分句型2 On the morning of June 5th, a professor will give a lecture at 9:00 in the central hall, through which we can get more knowledge in this field. (运用了“介词+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句)
