1、2014-2015学年高中英语（浙江精品）同步教案（3）：Unit 3 A Healthy Life（人教新课标选修6）Period Learning about Language教学目标(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。(3)通过对语法的教学，让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够熟练掌握“it”用法，明确it的指代作用。教学地位语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的内容。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生
2、死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。新课导入建议通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。教学流程设计让学生就“要点讲练”(见学案第4546页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部分(见学案第4648页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。布置作业。让学生完成课本第21页1、2、3题，预习学案Period (见学案第4953页)。1in spite ofdespite虽然；尽管仍；不管；不顾In spite of all his efforts h
3、e failed.(教材P20)尽管他竭尽全力了，但还是失败了。In spite of the hot weather they still run in the playground.尽管天气炎热，他们仍在操场上跑步。Helly loved her husband in spite of the fact that he drank too much.虽然她丈夫酗酒，凯莉仍然爱着他。不管；不顾虽然；尽管Despite the fact that she needed a rest she went to Beijing.尽管她需要休息，她还是去了北京。Though it was cold，h
4、e had to go to work.虽然天气很冷，但他还得去上班。in spite of/despite，though/although，asin spite of/despite都是介词，所以后面不接让步状语从句，而是接名词、代词或动名词作宾语though/although引导让步状语从句，though可用倒装语序，although则不能as引导让步状语从句，但从句需要用倒装语序选词填空：in spite of/despite，though/although，as_the heavy snow，he managed to come._ he is very old，he works ha
5、rd.Pretty _she is，she is not clever.【答案】In spite of/DespiteThough/Althoughas/though2take risks(a risk)冒险He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.(教材P20)他感到每一步都得做出决定而不是冒险。Shes too sensible to take a risk when shes driving.她开车时很有判断力而不致冒险。at risk(of.)处于(的)危险之中；冒(的)风险at a
6、ll risks(at any risk)无论冒什么风险run risks/a risk冒险take/run the risk of doing sth.冒险做某事；冒做某事的危险/风险risk sth.以作为赌注risk doing sth.冒险做risk ones life to do sth.冒着生命危险做某事As with all diseases，certain groups will be more at risk than others.所有的疾病都是如此，一些人比另一些人更容易受到威胁。Dont they need to risk doing so when just grad
7、uating from school?他们刚从学校毕业，难道真需要冒险这样做吗？He risked his life to help others escape.他冒着生命危险帮助别人逃生。单项填空If you take_risk of not wearing a seat belt，you will be at_risk.Athe；/B/；/C/；theDthe；the【解析】take the risk of冒做的危险；at risk处于危险中。句意：如果你冒险不系安全带，你将处于危险中。【答案】A完成句子我们不希望未受过训练的人去冒险。We dont expect untrained pe
8、ople_为了让村民们安全，他们冒着暴风雨之险。They_to make the villagers safe.【答案】to take risks/to take a riskrisked getting caught in a storm3get into陷入；染上(坏习惯)；养成(习惯)Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place！(教材P20)当然，对付毒品的最好的方法是首先就别养成(吸毒的)习惯！If you break law again，
9、you will get into trouble.你若再违反法律，你会弄出大麻烦的。I first got into rock n roll when I was at college.我开始喜欢摇滚乐是上大学的时候。get across通过；被传达；被理解get away逃脱；离开get down记下；开始get over克服get off下车；离开get in进入；到达get through接通；完成；通过get along/on with进展；相处How can I get it across to him how important this is?我怎么做才能让他理解这件事的重要性
10、？After the supper，the girl got down to her homework.晚饭后，女孩开始做功课。【对接高考】(2012江西高考)Ive _ the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.Acome intoBgone intoCgot intoDrun into【解析】句意：我已养成在放学路上去看望祖父母的习惯。get into the habit of doing sth.为固定短语；意为“养成做的习惯”。【答案】C完成句子一旦你养成了坏习惯，你会发现很难改掉。_，y
11、ou will find it hard to get rid of it.他染上了吸毒的习惯，这使他的父母很担心。He _，which worried his parents a lot.约翰回城的消息很快就传开了。It quickly _that John was back in town.【答案】Once you get into a bad habitgot into the habit of taking drugsgot around观察下列从Read中选取的句子，注意“it”的用法。1It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting unde
12、r a big tree at the end of the garden.2It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.3Its my birthday in two weeks time and Ill be 82 years old!4.and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.5Believe me，I know how easy it is to begin smoking and h
13、ow tough it is to stop.6This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it7I was addicted in all three ways，so it was very difficult to quit.8I knew it was time to quit smoking.9It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve.10It is not easy to stop smoking.it
14、的用法()1用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情，没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可以作主语，也可以作宾语。(1)指动物和植物。Look at that bird.It always comes to my window.看看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。(2)指代无生命的东西。This is my watch.Its made in Switzerland.这是我的手表。它是瑞士产的。(3)代替上文提到过的整个事情。Well，you mustnt play on the road.Its dange
15、rous!哦，你不能在马路上玩。这是危险的！2用于指代人(1)指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。Who is knocking at the door？谁在敲门？Its me.是我。(2)指说话者心目中的那个人。Look，someone is coming.Who can it be?看，有人过来了。他可能是谁呢？It may be the headmaster.可能是校长。(3)在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。Whos that？那人是谁？Is it Helen？是海伦吗？Yes，I think youre right.Its Helen.是的，我想你
16、说对了，是海伦。3用于指时间、距离和自然现象等(1)表示时间。Whats the date？今天是几月几日？Its the third of March.今天是3月3日。(2)表示距离。Its only five minutes walk from here.离这儿仅有五分钟步行的路程。(3)表示自然现象。It is going to rain.天要下雨了。(4)表示环境、形势等。If its convenient，I can see you tomorrow.如果方便的话，我明天能见到你。4用作形式主语，替代动词不定式，动名词或从句(1)It is clear (obvious，true，p
17、ossible，certain.) that.该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚(显然，真的，可能，肯定)”。It is very clear that he doesnt like it.That he doesnt like it is very clear.很清楚他不喜欢它。(2)It is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.) that.该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说(据报道，据悉)”。It is reported th
18、at another satellite has been put into orbit.据报道又一颗卫星被送入轨道。(3)It is time (about time，high time) that.该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是从句的谓语动词常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should动词原形，should不能省，常译为“是(正是)的时候了”。It is time that children should go to bed.It is time that children went to bed.孩子们该睡了。(4)It is the first (second.)
19、time that.该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换，常译为“是第一(二)次做”。It is the first time I have been here.这是我第一次到这里来。(5)It is a pity (a shame/an honour/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/.) that.该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should动词原形
20、)，should可省去，表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！It is a pity that he is ill.他生病了，真遗憾！(6)It happens (seems，looks，appears) that.该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。It seems that he will be back in a few days.看来他再过几天
21、才能回来。(7)It beadj.(kind，nice，brave，clever，stupid.) of sb.to do sth.该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语由of引起，句中的形容词必须是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词(即句中的形容词是修饰逻辑主语的)。常见的形容词有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good(好心的)，honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice，polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong等。这个句型可以转换为：sb.isadj.to d
22、o sth.It is kind of you to say so.You are kind to say so.你这么说真是太善良了。(8)It beadj.(difficult，easy，hard，important) for sb.to do sth.该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑主语由for引起，形容词常表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况(即句中的形容词是修饰动词不定式的)。常见的形容词有important，necessary，natural等；easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，imp
23、ossible，pleasant等。It is important for her to come to the party.It is important that she (should) come to the party.对她来说，参加这次聚会很重要。(9)It takes sb.some time to do sth.做某事要花费某人一些时间。It took me five days to solve the problem.解决这个问题花了我五天时间。(10)It costs sb.some money to do sth.做某事要花费某人一些钱。It will cost my f
24、ather five thousand yuan to buy such a computer.买这台电脑花了我父亲5000元。(11)Its up to sb.to do sth.应由某人(负责)做It is up to you to decide whether to take the job or not.做不做这份工作由你决定。(12)Its useless/(of) no use/(of) no good doing sth.该句型常译为“做也是徒然的/没有益处的”，句中的动名词短语是真正的主语，表语可以是no use(not any use)，no good(not any goo
25、d)等。Its no use arguing with her.跟她争论没有用。5作形式宾语(1)用于 “主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语” 句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，常使用it作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。I think it important that we should keep calm.我认为我们应该保持安静，这很重要。I feel it my duty that I should devote myself to teaching.我感到致力于教学是我的责任。I make it a rule that I read
26、English every morning.每天早晨读英语是我的习惯。(2)用于“主语及物动词宾语”句型中：有些动词或短语动词不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需要在从句前先加上形式宾语it。appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)，have(表明，坚持说)，take(认为，猜想)，hide(隐瞒)，publish(公布)，put(表达，写出来)等。I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon.我认为你会很快离开上海。The report has it that no one was to
27、 blame for the accident.报告表明没有人要对这次事故负责。We published it that we had finished the project ahead of time.我们宣布我们已提前竣工了。answer for(承担的后果)，count on(期待)，depend on(依靠)，insist on(坚持主张，坚决要求)，see to(确保)等。I am counting on it that you will come.我期待你会来。.单项填空1My brother took part in the football match and scored
28、a goal _ the injury to his left leg.Ain case ofBin spite ofCin honor ofDin charge of【解析】句意：尽管我哥哥左腿受伤了，但他还是参加了足球比赛，而且进了一个球。in case of“万一”；in spite of“虽然；尽管”；in honor of“为纪念”；in charge of“负责；掌管”。根据题意选B项。【答案】B2The earthquake has destroyed most houses in the village.How are they going to_the winter?Aget
29、 onBget acrossCget overDget through【解析】get on进展，进步；get across被理解，把讲清楚；get over克服；get through度过，通过。由句意可知D项正确。【答案】D3(2013上海高二检测)Grandma warned him not to _ that tall tree.Arisk of climbingBrun the risk of climbingCtake risk to climbDrisk to climb【解析】句意：奶奶警告他不要冒险爬那棵很高的树。run the risk of doing sth.冒险做某事。
30、risk作动词时为及物动词，A项如果改为risk climbing则正确。根据句子结构可知选B。【答案】B4(2013青岛高二检测)Do you like_here?Oh，yes.The air，the weather，the way of life.Everything is nice.AthisBtheseCthatDit【解析】考查it的用法。it用来指代下句中的the air，the weather，the way of life。【答案】D5Who knocked at the door?Ive no idea.I just pretended nobody was at home，
31、so I didnt ask who_was.AheBthatCsheDit【解析】句意：谁敲的门？我不知道，我只是假装家里没人，所以我没问他/她是谁。it在此指代未知的人。【答案】D6The two girls are so alike that strangers find _difficult to tell one from the other.AitBthemCherDthat【解析】考查代词it用法。本句中find的宾语是to tell one from the other，放在了句尾，因此find后缺少形式宾语，只有it可作形式宾语，故选用it。【答案】A7The employm
32、ent rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase _AthemBthoseCitDthat【解析】考查代词。句意：由于当地政府的努力，大城市的就业率继续上升。根据句意可知，增加的是上文提及的the employment rate。A、B两项代指复数，应排除；it指同一个，即上文中的rate，为正确答案；that指同一类，但并不是同一个，可排除。【答案】C8They are good friends._is no wonder that t
33、hey know each other so well.AThisBThatCThereDIt【解析】句意：他们是好朋友，难怪他们互相如此了解。it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。【答案】D9Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting，addressed _ to _ and then posted it at the nearby post office.Ait；herBit；herselfCherself；herDherself；herself【解析】句意：Catherine买了一张她正在参观的地方的明
34、信片，在上面写上自己的姓名、地址，然后到附近的邮局把它寄了回去。address sth.to sb.(在信封或包裹上)写收件人姓名、地址。第一空用it代替the postcard；因第二空所寄对象是Catherine本人，故用反身代词herself。【答案】B10We have made _ clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.AthisBthatCitDone【解析】句意为：我们已经明确表示强烈反对在办公室吸烟。it作形式宾语，that we are strongly against smoking in the
35、office为真正的宾语。【答案】C.同义句转换(用it改写句子)1To my surprise，he thought that it was impossible for him to learn English well.To my surprise，he thought _ for him to learn English well.236 students are said to have passed the exam in our class._ 36 students passed the exam in our class.3To give up smoking is not
36、easy._not easy to give up smoking.4Debating about it is useless._useless debating about it.5I became stronger and stronger，which made my parents glad.I became stronger and stronger，and _6He felt it was his duty to serve the people heart and soul.He felt _ to serve the people heart and soul.7In the w
37、est，people send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends，making it a rule.In the west，people _ to send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends.8When and where to hold the match hasnt been decided._ when and where to hold the match.【答案】1.it impossible2.It is said that3.It is4.It is5.it made my parents glad6.it his duty7.make it a rule8.It hasnt been decided一、记住了多少词汇_二、背会了几个句型_三、语法的掌握程度较好()一般()较差()四、自己的不足_
