1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 2 Exploring EnglishUsing language构词法(Word formation)A: What is the nursedoing? B: She is nursing the patient. A: Is she patient? B: Yes, she is. She is a kind-hearted person, so she treats every patient very patiently. 观察上面对话, 并按顺序写出
2、黑体词的词性及词义。nurse 词性: 名词词义: 护士nurse 词性: 动词词义: 护理patient 词性: 名词词义: 病人patient 词性: 形容词词义: 耐心的kind-hearted词性: 形容词词义: 好心的, 善良的patiently 词性: 副词词义: 耐心地构词法是单词构成的基本规律, 有辅助记忆、以熟带生、以生通熟的作用。按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫构词法。英语构词法主要有转化法(Conversion)、合成法(Compounding)、派生法(Derivation)、首尾缩略法(Abbreviation)等。一、转化法英语中一个词由一种词类转到另一种或几种词
3、类而不发生词形的变化, 称为转化法。1. 名词转化为动词(1)身体部位arm n. 手臂v. 武装; 装备back n. 背v. 倒退; 支持eye n. 眼睛v. 注视face n. 脸v. 面对finger n. 手指v. 触摸, 用手指弹head n. 头v. 朝去hand n. 手v. 交出; 传递shoulder n. 肩膀v. 肩负; 承担nose n. 鼻子v. 闻出; 觉察*When the hero came in, all people eyed him. 当那位英雄进来时, 所有的人都注视着他。*Many of his friends backed his plan. 他
4、的很多朋友支持他的计划。*(2020天津高考)We are adults who have to shoulder responsibilities and face challenges bravely in the future life and study. 我们是成年人, 在未来的生活和学习中要勇敢地承担责任和面对挑战。(2)身份职业brother n. 兄弟v. 像兄弟般对待doctor n. 医生v. 诊治fool n. 傻瓜v. 愚弄guard n. 卫兵v. 守护host n. 主人v. 主办mother n. 母亲v. 悉心照顾nurse n. 护士v. 护理*She nur
5、sed her husband back to health. 她照料她的丈夫恢复了健康。*The dog was guarding its owners luggage. 这只狗守护着它的主人的行李。(3)地点场所house n. 房子 v. 为提供住处room n. 房间; 空间v. 租住房间*The government has built new houses to house the homeless people. 政府建了新房子给无家可归的人提供住处。(4)工具装置paper n. 纸 v. 用纸包装pen n. 钢笔v. (用钢笔)写book n. 书籍v. 预订ship n.
6、 船v. 用船运输knife n. 刀v. 用刀切can n. 罐v. 装进罐子box n. 箱子; 盒子v. 把装进箱/盒子bottle n. 瓶子v. 用瓶装*She penned a few words of thanks. 她写了几句致谢的话。*The company ships its goods all over the world. 公司把货物运往世界各地。*These oranges were boxed and sent off quickly. 这些橘子被装箱, 然后迅速地发走。(5)物质名词air n. 空气v. 通风cash n. 现金v. 兑现rain n. 雨v.
7、下雨water n. 水v. 浇水flower n. 花v. 开花oil n. 油v. 加油root n. 根v. 扎根dust n. 灰尘v. 拂去灰尘picture n. 图画v. 描绘; 想象*These trees need to be watered. 这些树需要被浇水。*It was raining heavily when we arrived there. 当我们到达那里时正在下大雨。(6)抽象名词anger n. 愤怒v. 使发怒number n. 数字v. 给编号lunch n. 午饭v. 吃午饭hunger n. 渴求; 渴望v. 渴望time n. 时间v. 计时, 安
8、排时间*Their words angered me greatly. 他们的话使我非常愤怒。名词转化为动词后的发音有些名词转化为动词时形式不变, 但读音会发生变化。例如: house n. /has/v. /haz/use n. /jus/v. /juz/2. 三种其他转化(1)动词转化为名词try v. 尝试n. 尝试look v. 看n. 表情swim v. 游泳n. 游泳walk v. 散步n. 散步build v. 建筑n. 体形*Lets go out for a walk. 我们出去散散步吧。*Our builds are similar. 我们的体形相似。(2)形容词转化为名词
9、dear adj. 昂贵的 n. 可爱的人total adj. 全部的n. 总数quiet adj. 安静的n. 安静blue adj. 蓝色的n. 蓝色*She was dressed in blue. 她穿着蓝色衣服。(3)形容词转化为动词dirty adj. 脏的v. 弄脏slow adj. 慢的v. 放慢, 减慢dry adj. 干的v. 变干correct adj. 正确的v. 纠正further adj. 深一层的v. 促进free adj. 自由的v. 解放, 使自由wrong adj. 错误的v. 弄错, 使委屈*Culture has furthered the advanc
10、e of language. 文化促进了语言的发展。*The train slowed down to half of its speed. 火车速度减慢了一半。有些单词的词性转化后, 词的发音发生了变化。例如: 句型转换(1)We had lunch together after the meeting. We lunched together after the meeting. (2)Lets fill the water into this bottle. Lets bottle the water. (3)You are so fat that you have to go on a
11、 diet. You are so fat that you have to diet. (4)Snow often falls in my hometown in winter. It often snows in my hometown in winter. 写出下列句子中黑体词的含义1. I emptied out my pockets but could not find my keys. (腾空, 倒空)2. If you want to be promoted you have to show that you can shoulder the responsibility. (肩
12、负, 承担)3. Reporters nosed out all the details of the affair. (侦查)4. British officials have booked hotel rooms for the women and children. (预订)5. The work he produced early in his career has never really been bettered. (胜过, 超过)6. We are proud to get the chance to host the Olympic Games. (举办)7. I think
13、 we should wait until tempers have cooled. (平静下来, 平息)8. The government is committed to housing the refugees. (给提供住房)9. We found it hard to picture him as the father of teenage sons. (描绘, 想象)10. Well ship your order to the address we print on your cheques. (用船运送)二、合成法合成法, 即两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词, 前一个词修
14、饰或限定后一个词。1. 合成名词名词+名词weekend周末bookmark书签名词+动名词handwriting书法sightseeing观光名词+动词+-erpainkiller镇痛剂storyteller讲故事的人动词+名词typewriter打字机postmark邮戳形容词+名词gentleman绅士名词+动词handshake握手; sunset日落介词+名词by-product副产品副词+动词income收入output产量, 输出动词+副词clean-up 打扫check-up检查合成名词的复数形式以不可数名词结尾的合成名词无复数形式homework以man或woman修饰的合成
15、名词变复数时, 前后两个名词都变成复数woman doctorwomen doctorsman waitermen waiters以两个名词构成的合成名词(前面的名词为man或woman除外), 一般把后面的名词变成复数boyfriendboyfriendspaper bagpaper bags以“可数名词+介词(短语)”构成的合成名词变复数时, 把前面的名词变成复数sister-in-lawsisters-in-law以“动词/过去分词+副词”构成的合成名词变复数时, 在结尾加-sgrown-upgrown-upsstand-bystand-bys2. 合成形容词名词+形容词lifelong
16、终身的, 毕生的snow-white雪白的名词+v. -ingEnglish-speaking讲英语的nature-loving热爱自然的名词+过去分词fun-filled充满乐趣的man-made人造的形容词+v. -inggood-looking相貌好看的形容词+v. -edstrong-minded意志坚强的absent-minded心不在焉的electric-powered电动的副词+过去分词well-educated受过良好教育的newly-made新建的well-known著名的副词+v. -inghard-working 勤劳的介词+名词/动词-ingunderlying含蓄的,
17、 潜在的in-vehicle汽车内的过去分词+副词built-in内置的, 固有的3. 合成动词形容词+动词whitewash用石灰水刷白副词+动词overcome战胜overthrow推翻名词+动词sleep-walk梦游4. 合成副词形容词+副词everywhere到处somehow不知何故副词+副词however然而介词+副词forever永远介词+名词beforehand预先downstairs在楼下5. 合成介词副词+名词inside在里outside在外介词+副词throughout遍及within在之内副词+介词into到里upon在之上6. 合成代词代词宾格+selfherse
18、lf她自己himself他自己物主代词+selfmyself我自己yourself你自己形容词+名词everything一切东西 翻译下列合成名词(1)snowfall下雪(2)horse-riding骑马(3)greenhouse温室(4)reading room阅览室(5)day dreaming白日梦(6)son-in-law女婿(7)shoe-maker鞋匠(8)motorway高速公路(9)rooftop屋顶(10)runway跑道(11)highway 公路, 大路(12)push-up 俯卧撑三、派生法在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫派
19、生法。1. 常用前缀(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有: dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等, 在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear出现disappear消失correct正确的incorrect不正确的legal合法的illegal非法的possible可能的impossible不可能的regular规则的irregular不规则的(2)其他意义的前缀表示其他意义的前缀常用的有: a-表状态; for-, fore-先, 前, 预; inter-间, 相互; micro-微; mid-中; mini-微型的; re-重
20、, 再, 复; super-上, 超; tele-远距离的sleep睡觉asleep睡着的see看见foresee预见national国家的international 国际的film影片microfilm 微型胶片(3)改变词性的前缀有: en-, de-, be-, a-, out-等。en-前缀通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词; de-前缀通常加在名词之前构成动词, 其意义大多和原名词相反; be-前缀可加在名词或形容词前构成动词; a-前缀常加在名词或描述性动词之前, 构成形容词或副词; out-前缀可加在名词之前构成形容词, 加在动词之前构成名词。large大的enlarge扩大boar
21、d甲板aboard在船上2. 常用后缀(1)名词后缀构成名词的后缀常用的有-ance, -ence, -ese(表某地人或语言), -er/-or/-ist(表人), -ess(雌性), -ian(精通的人), -ist(专业人员), -ment(性质; 状态), -ness(性质; 状态), -tion(动作; 过程)等。clean清扫cleaner清洁工visit拜访visitor来访者important重要的importance重要, 重要性(2)形容词后缀构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al, -able(有能力的), -(a)n(某国人的), -en(多用于表示材料的名词后), -ern(
22、表示方向), -ese(某国人的), -ful, -(ic)al, -ish, -ive, -less (表示否定), -like(像的), -ly, -ous, -some, -y(表示天气)等。nature自然natural自然的reason理由reasonable合理的China中国Chinese中国人的gold金子golden金的(3)副词后缀构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度), -ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。angry生气的angrily生气地east东方eastward向东(4)动词后缀构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n(多用于
23、形容词之后), -fy(使化), -ize(使成为)。wide宽的widen加宽beauty美人, 美好beautify美化 语法填空(1)(2020新高考全国卷) Museums must compete for peoples spare time and money with other amusements (amusement). (2)(2020全国卷 ) Chinese New Year is a celebration (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. (3
24、)(2020新高考全国卷) Historical accuracy (accurate)is important but so is entertainment. (4)If we human beings keep on killing the wildlife some animals will disappear (appear) completely. 四、首尾缩略法首尾缩略法, 即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式, 即各字母分别读音; 作为一个单词读音。very important personVIP非常重要的人; 大人物televisionTV电视Informatio
25、n TechnologyIT信息技术首尾字母缩略的8种情形(1)单个单词截取其首字母(2)多个单词构成的词组截取各个单词的首字母(3)不含虚词的词组, 截取各个单词的首字母(4)含虚词的词组, 截取实词首字母, 虚词省略(5)含虚词的词组, 截取实词和虚词首字母(6)含虚词的词组, 截取实词首字母, 虚词照写(7)截取句子的每个单词的首字母(8)ex缩略为X 写出下列词汇的缩略词1. Voice of AmericaVOA2. National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA3. World Trade OrganizationWTO4. Un
26、ited Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural OrganizationUNESCO5. Chief Executive OfficerCEO6. Intensive Care UnitICU7. Electronic Toll CollectionETC8. Most Valuable PlayerMVP. 单句语法填空1. Take the medicine twice (two) a day after meals. 2. I can never find the difference (differ) between the twi
27、ns. 3. Only in this way can a new generation be healthily(healthy) brought up. 4. Of all the subjects, which do you think is the most difficult (difficult)? 5. Tim will come back on the twelfth (twelve)day of next month. 6. A foreigner (foreign) came to visit our school last Friday. 7. At the beginn
28、ing (begin) of the class, Mr Tang told us a funny story. 8. This is a new programme to enable (able) older people to study at college. 9. Its very dangerous (danger) to cross a busy street. 10. Janes mother looked tired and worried (worry). . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入括号中所给单词的正确形式When we read newspapers, we oft
29、en come across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK”. When we watch TV, we 1. frequently (frequent) hear words like “NBA” or “PM 2. 5”. When we speak, we automatically use words like “OUT” or “Bye-bye”. English words and 2. expressions (express) like these are enjoying 3. popularity (popular). They
30、have already become part of our 4. daily (day) language. And 239 English words have been included in the latest Modern Chinese Dictionary. The inclusion has started a heated 5. discussion (discuss). A group of scholars signed a letter of complaint over the inclusion of these English words, which, th
31、ey think, goes against Chinese language policies. They not only worry that Chinese is borrowing an 6. increasing (increase) number of English words but are also 7. concerned (concern) that the inclusion may hurt the dignity of the Chinese language. However, others 8. approve (disapprove) of the incl
32、usion because it is hard to say whether it will 9. threaten (threat) the Chinese language. They believe the 10. selection (select) is mostly a result of their function and use in daily life. . 写出下列句子中黑体词的含义1. No one nosed the danger before the earthquake. (察觉)2. He was a disturbed child who needed m
33、othering. (悉心照顾)3. Which country is to host the next Olympic Games? (主办)4. Women have an equal say in everything. (发言权)5. We will try our best to better our living conditions. (改善)6. When I passed his room, I saw him papering the wall. (用纸糊)7. Their jobless total reached a record high since 1940. (总
34、数)8. If they are nursed properly, the plants will flower in early spring. (护理) (开花)9. He fooled a lot of people into believing that he was noble-minded. (欺骗) (品德高尚的)10. (2020浙江高考)A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp. (前往). 语法填空It has been 1. exactly (exact) one year since I returned
35、 from Senegal. Volunteering has helped me understand what is 2. important (import) to me and how to live a happy life. In the past, I followed the common path: from school to university. Its not that I didnt enjoy these experiences, but that I had been led down that path by the 3. expectations (expe
36、ct) from my parents and teachers rather than my own 4. ambitions (ambitious). Therefore, after graduating from university, I decided to achieve something more 5. beneficial (benefit)something that would help the wider community. Having applied for 6. International (national) Citizen Service, then I
37、went to Kaolack, Senegal with Y Care International, where I worked as a member of a team of UK and Senegalese volunteers helping improve the lives of the local young people. I spent time working on the Act 2 Live Project and assisting all kinds of similar 7. organizations (organize) in their work to
38、 improve the lives of the poor. By far, the most rewarding aspect of my volunteering was supporting the amazing people of Kaolack. Working on a wide 8. variety (various) of tasks and living in a different culture have a positive effect on my 9. development (develop). Thanks to volunteering, I was ab
39、le to find 10. confidence (confident) as a young adult, learn new skills and enrich my life. 利用构词法知识, 结合中英文提示补全短文。Li Hua, my 1. classmate (同班同学), is 2. hard-working (勤奋的). To improve his listening skills, every day he gets up at six and listens to 3. VOA (美国之音). Whats more, he is also 4. warm-hearte
40、d (热情的) and willing to help others. On his way to school yesterday, he came across a 5. homeless (home) person and 6. handed (递给) 100 yuan to him. He set an example to us students. Activity 1American and British English话题情境根据提示补全对话。A和B两个人正在讨论美式英语和英式英语的区别A: American English today 1. is different from
41、 British English(和英式英语不同)in several ways. B: Yes, it is mostly in 2. spelling and vocabulary(拼写和词汇). A: Can you list some examples of different spellings in American and British English? B: 3. Theatre is spelt in British English while theater in American English(theatre是英式英语的拼写, 而theater是美式英语的拼写). A
42、: Can you share me some differences in vocabulary? B: For example, Americans talk about 4. putting gas in their cars(给汽车加油) and 5. driving along the highway(沿公路行驶), whereas in the UK, people talk about putting petrol in their cars and driving along the motorway. A: Does it 6. make an American confus
43、ed(让美国人困惑)when he is in England? B: Usually people from the two countries can understand each other from the context. 话题词汇1. be different in several ways在几个方面有所不同2. use different words使用不同的单词3. put petrol in the cars给汽车加汽油4. drive along the motorway沿高速公路行驶5. take the lift to. . . 乘电梯去6. travel on th
44、e underground乘地铁旅行7. live in an apartment住在公寓里8. understand sb. from the context根据上下文理解某人9. have a friendly argument进行友好的争论Activity 2Unfamiliar English expressions教材听力填空(听音频补全对话)Presenter: Conversation 1A: Im going to buy something to eat from the restaurant downstairs. Would you like anything? B: O
45、h yes, please. Could you order me some dim sum? A: Some what? B: Dim sum. A: What kind of food is that? B: Its a kind of 1. traditional Chinese food from South China, including dumplings, spring rolls, meatballs and so on. A: Oh, I see. So “2. dim sum”comes from Chinese? B: Yes, thats right. In fact
46、, it comes from the Guangdong dialect. In Mandarin or Putonghua it would be “dian xin”. A: Well, it sounds good! Maybe Ill order that as well. . . Presenter: Conversation 2A: 3. How was the movie? B: It was great, but someone in front of me was talking so loudly on her phone. A: How cellfish! B: Yes
47、, 4. I agree. Very selfish. A: Ah, do you know what I mean by “cellfish”? B: Of course! When you say “selfish”, you mean only caring about yourself and not about other people, right? A: Thats what “selfish” with an “s” means, but Im talking about “cellfish” starting with the letter “c”. B: I havent
48、heard that word before. What does it mean? A: It means using a cellphone in a way that shows you dont care about the other people around you. B: Thats interesting. How do you spell it? A: C-E-L-L-F-I-S-H. Its the words “cellphone” and “selfish”put together. B: Oh, I see. . . Presenter: Conversation
49、3SFX of someone pressing mobile phone keys, followed by a chime indicating a new messageA: Darling, could you take a look at this message from Lucy? I have no idea what shes talking about. . . again. B: What has she said? A: Well, I told her a joke that Bob told me today at the office, and, as you s
50、ee, she replied “LOL”. Whats that for? B: Oh, LOL! Its a shorter way of saying “5. laugh out loud”. A: Ive never seen or heard that before. Where does it come from? B: It was first used on the Internet. You use it to show you think something is very funny. A: Oh, okay. B: 6. Keep up with the times,
51、darling! 情境句式1. Many new words are added to English dictionaries every year. 每年英语词典都要加很多新词。2. It is a kind of traditional. . . 这是一种传统的3. You want to communicate . . . 你想要交流4. Make sure the words you use are appropriate for the situation. 确保你用的词是适合语境的。5. The word is a combination of. . . 这个词是由合成的。6. What is the origin of the word? 这个词的由来是什么? 关闭Word文档返回原板块
