1、动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气1. （2021年高考全国甲卷语法填空）The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinas long history. It _41_ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).We _46_ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate
2、.【答案】41.was built 46.hired【解析】46.考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。47. 考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。2. （2021年高考全国甲卷短文改错） T
3、hey kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, whenever in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust most.考查时态。句意：他们很自闭。结合前文可知，文章的时态用一般现在时。所以此处的kept改为keep。故kept改为keep。3. （2021年高考全国乙卷短文改错）Thats our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!【答案】 hopeshope【解析】考查祈
4、使句。句意：希望这能激发更多关于这个话题的思考！分析句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，所以动词hope需要用动词原形。故将hopes改为hope。3. （2021年新高考全国1卷语法填空）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You cant help wondering how hard it _61_ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.【答案】 was 【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“h
5、ow hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。4. （2021年浙江卷语法填空）It doesnt impress like George Washingtons plantation on the Potomac, but Lincolns home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _36_ （prove）irresistibl
6、e to visitors since it opened to the public.When the house was built, it was much smaller than it is today. Marys niece wrote, The little home _40_ （paint）white.【答案】 36. has proved/has proven 40. was painted 【解析】36. 考查动词。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的
7、。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincolns home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词；主语Lincolns home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has prov
8、en。40. 考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。二、2021届模拟题1. （2021吉林松原市实验高级中学高三模考语法填空） These 3000-year-old symbols
9、, jiaguwen, (carve) on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us insight into how ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great creativity. 【答案】were carved。【解析】考查时态语态。句意：这些有三千年历史的符号，甲骨文，刻在甲壳或动物的骨头上，可以让我们了解古人如何看待周围的世界，以及他们伟大的创造力。根据句意以及上文的“These 3000-year-old symbols”可知，这些文字是
10、在3000年前雕刻，属于过去发生的事实要用一般过去时。主语These 3000-year-old symbols是复数，且与动词carve是被动关系。故填were carved。2. （2021江西萍乡市高三二模语法填空） Breakdancing is a sport which can be played anytime and anywhere in urban and other environments. It has no previous appearance at the Summer Olympic Games, but (include) at the Summer You
11、th Olympic Games in Buenos Aires in 2018.【答案】was included【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意：霹雳舞之前没有在夏季奥运会上出现过，但2018年布宜诺斯艾利斯夏季青年奥林匹克运动会包含这个项目。根据空前的并列连词but可知，该空所给动词include应该和has no并列作谓语动词，主语是It，指代霹雳舞，被包括在2018年布宜诺斯艾利斯夏季青年奥林匹克运动会。应使用被动语态，一般过去时。故填was included。3. （2021黑龙江大庆市高三二模语法填空）What will you think of when hearing the
12、word “kung fu”? The answer for most people may be Shaolin monks, Bruce Lee or Kung Fu Panda. But for Laurence J. Brahm, an American documentary filmmaker, the first thing that (spring) to mind is the concept of non-violence.【答案】springs【解析】考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：但对美国纪录片导演劳伦斯j布拉姆来说，他首先想到的是非暴力的概念。设空处为定语从句的谓语动
13、词，此处在叙述一个客观事实，句子用一般现在时，且the first thing是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以定语从句的谓语动词用动词的单数第三人称。故填springs。4. （2021四川泸州市高三三模语法填空）Recorded in a short video by a local resident, the rare appearance 1(attract) attention online on the right day.“Rising water levels during the flood season together with the fishing ban 48
14、(probable) contribute to this rare animals appearance, given that sandbanks 2(cover) by water and more water plants are available for fish.【答案】1. attracted 2. are covered【解析】1. 考查时态。句意：这是一段由当地居民拍摄的短视频，这一罕见的现象于当天在网上引起了关注。分析可知，所填动词应是句子谓语动词，结合时间状语“on the right day”可知，应是一般过去时。故填attracted。2. 考查时态和语态。句意：考
15、虑到沙洲被水覆盖，更多的水生植物可供鱼类食用，汛期水位上升和禁渔令可能是造成这种珍稀动物出现的原因。分析可知，在that宾语从句“that sandbanks _9 _ (cover) by water and more water plants are available for fish”中，and连接两个并列句，因此所填动词应是前句的谓语。结合后句“are”可知，应是一般现在时，且动词“cover(覆盖)”与主语“sandbanks(沙洲)”之间为被动关系，应是一般现在时被动：am/is/are done，主语为第三人称复数，应用are done。故填are covered。5. （20
16、21西宁市教育科学研究院高三一模语法填空）Chinas Change 5 mission successfully delivered samples of moon rock and dust to Earth on December 17. It marks the first time in 44 years that moon rocks (bring) back to planet.【答案】 have been brought。【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：这标志着44年来首次将月球岩石带回地球。此处为“the first time that+完成时”句型，由marks可知，此处使
17、用现在完成时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为moon rocks，助动词用have。故填have been brought。6. （2021内蒙古赤峰市高三二模语法填空）Awakening of Insects, which （1）(signal) a rise in temperature and increased rainfall, falls on March 5 and ends on March 19 this year. Awakening of Insects refers to the fact that animals sleeping in
18、winter （2） (awaken) by spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to life.【答案】 （1） signals （2）are awakened【解析】（1）考查主谓一致和一般现在时。句意：惊蛰是气温上升和降雨增加的信号，今年的惊蛰从3月5日开始，到3月19日结束。根据falls on March 5 and ends on March 19 this year可知，此处应用一般现在时。which代指Awakening of Insects，为第三人称单数。故填signals。（2）考查一般现在时和被动语
19、态。句意：惊蛰是指冬天睡觉的动物被春雷惊醒，大地开始复苏。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。动词awaken意为“唤醒”，和主语animals构成被动关系。主语animals为复数。故填are awakened。7.（2021内蒙古包头市高三二模短文改错）As you know, China, with a long history and great culture, have a sea of famous cities and different types of places of interesting for you to explore.【答案】have改为has【解析】考查
20、时态和主谓一致。句意：正如你所知道的，中国有着悠久的历史和伟大的文化，有许多著名的城市和不同类型的名胜供你探索。China作主语，谓语动词用单数。故将have改为has。8. （2021黑龙江大庆市高三二模短文改错） Fortunately, the fence was lasted through 15 more minutes and the helicopter arrived in time. We were saving.【答案】（1）删除was （2）saving改为saved【解析】（1）考查语态。句意：幸运的是，围栏坚持了15分钟，直升机及时赶到了。连系动词last，意为“持续
21、”，无被动形式。故删掉was。（2）考查语态。句意：我们被救了。分析句子，主语we和动词save为动宾关系，所以save要用被动。故saving改为saved。9. （2021四川遂宁市遂宁中学高三三模语法填空）The Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Clear and Bright (1) (be) the only one whose first day is also a traditional Chinese festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day.Clear and Bright
22、 serves as a time when Chinese people honor nature and the ancestors of the Chinese nation. The worship of nature and ancestors (2) (date) back to ancient times, and still matters a lot in modern society.【答案】（1）is （2） dates【解析】（1）考查动词时态。句意：清明节是唯一一个以首日作为中国的传统节日的节气。描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语Clear and Bright 是第三人
23、称单数，谓语动词也用单数。故填is。(2) 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：对自然和祖先的敬畏可以追朔到古时候,直到现在意义也很重大。date是谓语动词，根据下文的matters可知，用一般现在时，主语worship是单数，故谓语动词也用单数，故填dates。10. （2021赤峰二中高三月考）“Each” and “every” are words which are close in meaning. In general, you use “each” when you are talking about one individual(单独的) object or person. Ever
24、y （1）(use) for a group of objects, or people that you group together. 【答案】is used考查固定短语和时态。句意：“Every”用于一组物体，或一群人。结合句意表示“用于”可知短语为be used for，此处陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为Every，谓语动词用单数。故填is used。11.（天津市河东区2021届高三第一次模拟考试）Do you remember the first time we met?Yes. It happened at the airport and we _to leave for Ti
25、anjin.Ahad been waitingBwere waitingCwould waitDwaited【答案】B【详解】考查动词时态。句意：你还记得我们第一次见面吗？是的。事情发生在机场，我们正等着去天津。表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生的动作或存在的状态，应用过去进行时，构成为：“主语+was/ were doing”，主语为we，应用were。故选B。12.（天津市红桥区2021届高三质量调查（一模）Mr. Smith_ these days. I think he should take a holiday before he burns out.Ahas been ov
26、erworkingBoverworkedChas overworkedDwas overworking【答案】A【详解】考查时态。句意：史密斯先生这些天一直在加班，我想他应该在精疲力尽之前去度个假。根据本句中时间状语these days和后文 before he burns out，可知，史密斯先生的忙碌的动作是从过去开始，延续到现在，还要继续持续，所以时态用现在完成进行时。选项A符合题意，故选A。13. 13（天津市南开中学2020-2021学年高三上学期第四次月考）Did you get to work on time?Sure. The city center wasnt as crowded this morning as it usually_.AisBwasChas beenDhad been【答案】A【详解】考查动词时态。句意：你按时上班了吗？当然。今天早上市中心不像往常那么拥挤了。根据上文“as it usually”可知从句在描述经常习惯性的动作应用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语动词用单数。故选A。
