1、Unit 22 单元主题语篇训练AMeet the longestliving vertebrate(脊椎动物)in the world, the Greenland shark.Found primarily in the very cold waters of the North Atlantic, these slowswimming sharks can be as big as the largest great whites, reaching up to 21 feet in length.Theyre among the largest of carnivorous (食肉的)
2、 fish, and yet grow perhaps only a centimeter or so a year.Such slow growth yet big size is usually an indicator of a longlived animal.“We only expected that the sharks might be very old，” Julius Nielsen, at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, told NPR.“But we did not know in advance.And it was
3、, of course, a very big surprise to learn that it was actually the oldest vertebrate animal.”Imagine being 150 years old before youre ready to have your first child! Imagine being born before the United States was even a reality.For humans who rarely make it to a century mark its difficult to fully
4、understand.Little is known about Greenland sharks, even basics such as where they give birth or how many of them there are, though researchers at a conference at the University of Exeter thought that they may mate in “hidden”Arctic fjords.No one has even witnessed one hunting, though they have been
5、found to have various vertebrate ones in their stomachs such as polar bear, seals, fastswimming fish and even moose etc.Given the sharks incredibly long lifespans, scientists are diving into the sea creatures genome, looking for clues.That conference also highlighted the work being done to separate
6、the sharks longevity gene, with complete DNA information gathered from almost 100 sharks, including some born in the 1750s.Finding such a gene could go a long way in explaining why some vertebrates, like humans, have such limited lifespans.These sharks also serve as swimming history books.Their tiss
7、ue, bones and DNA could tell us a great deal about the waters of the world from a time before the Industrial Revolution, largescale commercial fishing and the pronounced ocean pollution we see today.Check out what its like to swim with one in this encounter with what is a small and young and yet to
8、us, still fairly old Greenland shark.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家们发现格陵兰鲨鱼是世界上最长寿的脊椎动物。1What can we know about Greenland sharks from the first two paragraphs?ALongestliving, and slowswimming carnivorous vertebrate.BLongestliving, and slowestswimming vertebrate.CLargest, but fastgrowing carnivorous vertebrate.DL
9、ongestliving, largest carnivorous vertebrate but fastgrowing.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段可知，格陵兰鲨鱼是世界上最长寿的脊椎动物。根据第二段第一、二句可知，这种鲨鱼游泳缓慢并且食肉。2Why were scientists surprised after they examined Greenland shark?AGreenland shark can live as old as humans.BGreenland shark is the largest animal in the world.CGreenland sha
10、rk can live more than one hundred years.DGreenland shark is really the oldest vertebrate in the world.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“a very big surprise to learn that it was actually the oldest vertebrate animal”可知，科学家们因为发现格陵兰鲨鱼是世界上最古老的脊椎动物而感到惊讶。3What kind of animals do Greenland sharks prefer?ABoth polar bear
11、and seal.BOnly fastswimming fish.CVarious vertebrate animals.DPolar bear, moose and fish.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，格陵兰鲨鱼喜欢吃各种各样的脊椎动物。4What information can we get from the passage?AScientists declare that they have known all about Greenland sharks.BScientists want to get more information about longevity
12、 from their study on sharks.CScientists consider sharks can only serve as swimming history books.DScientists just want to know why Greenland sharks have a long life.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第六段可推知，科学家们希望从他们对鲨鱼的研究中获得更多关于长寿的信息。BAt sunset every day, loud sounds can be heard coming from the sky in a community in Ea
13、st Los Angeles (East L. A). The noises are from parrots. The colorful birds have become part of everyday life there. “The parrots leave their waste everywhere，” said Havolynn Rose Owaleon. But she and many other community members have gotten used to the birds. Owaleon said, “They are not quiet at al
14、l, but you know, its something that you listen for, because if I dont hear them on a daily basis, then I know something is really wrong.”Redcrowned parrots are now part of the ecosystem in Southern California. Their ancestors came from Tamaulipas, Mexico, where the parrots are now endangered. The bi
15、rds were often killed in their native land. But in the United States, they were sold to people as pets. Some of the parrots escaped or were released by their owners.They have since reproduced and grown in number in an area with large numbers of people. “They are good at making a habitat for themselv
16、es in major cities, and this is what happened in Pasadena and East LA. So these are birds that live pretty much exclusively (专有地) off trees that are also not native to our area，” said Ursula Heise. She teaches at the Department of English of University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and at the In
17、stitute of the Environment and Sustainability.Since arriving in Southern California, the redcrowned parrots have become such permanent fixtures that they are on the California Bird Records Committees list of birds in the state.“Theyve been naturalized as California citizens，” said Heise. She noted t
18、hat her staff members have put up major buildings and added different kinds of plants in neighborhoods across Southern California.语篇解读：红冠鹦鹉原来栖息于墨西哥的塔毛利帕斯州，由于经常被猎杀，不得不飞离故土到美国安家，现已成为美国的生态系统的一部分，也得到了人们的保护。5What do we know about the parrots in the community in East LA.?AThey are in danger of dying out.B
19、They join in the daily life there.CThey are disturbing community members.DThey play a positive part in the life of the community.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The colorful birds have become part of everyday life there”可知，多姿多彩的鹦鹉已成为那儿日常生活的一部分了。再根据Owaleon所说的话可知，鹦鹉已加入到这个社区的日常生活中了。6What caused the redcrowned parro
20、ts to leave their homeland?ABeing hunted.BBeing kept as pets.CLack of enough food.DBeing exposed to bad weather.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The birds were often killed in their native land”可知，在红冠鹦鹉的家乡，它们遭到猎杀，被迫离开了家乡。7Why can redcrowned parrots live in big cities?AThey enjoy the air of big cities.BThe trees i
21、n big cities attract them.CThere are enough food for them to feed on.DThey have unusual ability to settle themselves.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They are good at making a habitat for themselves in major cities”可知，红冠鹦鹉擅长在大城市中给自己筑巢。所以D项是最佳选项。8What can be a suitable title for the text?AFlying immigrantsBEndange
22、red parrotsCKeeping parrots as petsDParrots living off trees解析：选A标题归纳题。第二段介绍红冠鹦鹉的祖先来自墨西哥的塔毛利帕斯州，在那儿它们已面临灭绝的危险。第三段介绍它们飞往加利福尼亚南部，在那儿大量繁殖和生长，现在已成为美国的生态系统的一部分了。由此可知，这种红冠鹦鹉可称作“飞行的移民”。CHave you ever thought about living in a “green” house, one that is healthy for you and your family and helps conserve the
23、 Earths resources? Some people want to build a new home, renovate an existing one, or make a few changes in their living habits. Every household can do something to support the conservation of the environment and improve our quality of life. As environmental concerns continue to increase worldwide,
24、using more green products into our lives becomes more and more important. There is growing interest in green living, and the possibilities for achieving it in our homes are rapidly expanding. Our companys website can show you more about that.Because buildings need enormous quantities of the Earths r
25、esources in their construction and daily operation, they offer many opportunities for new ecofriendly design as well as cost savings. The Green House shows the combination of architecture, interiordesign, and environmental responsibility. Home is where going green begins where we as individuals have
26、 the power to set a new course for a brighter future. If you are interested in these “green” houses, please contact us and our company will send you more information about them. And were sure youll have a surprise.Email：ghouseabc Phone：3567218/3567219Fax：3390231语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了有关“Green House”的相
27、关内容，意在宣传推销自己的产品。9The main purpose of the passage is to _.Aremind people to protect the environmentBask people to buy a “green” houseCgive a brief introduction of the “green” houseDexpress the writers own opinion about the environment解析：选B写作意图题。文章主要介绍了“green” house以及与之相关的一些内容，其目的在于让人们买他们的产品。10From th
28、e passage, we can learn that the Green House shows _.Aonly interiordesign and outer appearance of the buildingBthe combination of architecture and environmental importanceCthe importance of the Green MovementDthe combination of architecture, interiordesign解析：选D细节理解题。第二段第二句指出the Green House展现了“archit
29、ecture, interiordesign, and environmental responsibility”的结合。11The underlined word “ecofriendly” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_”Afriendly to peopleBgood for the design of buildingsCgood for the environmentDfriendly to the Green House解析：选C词义猜测题。eco是个前缀，意为“环境的，生态的”，ecofriendly的表面意思是“对生态环境友好的”，也就是“有益
30、于生态环境的”。12How many ways can you use to get more information about the products?A1.B2.C3. D4.解析：选D细节理解题。第一段最后一句有公司的网址，文章结尾有3种联系方式，因此共有4种方法。tips 利用构词法解词义猜测题合成、派生和转化是英语单词的三种构词法，是单词形成的规律，根据构词规律可以准确猜测单词意思。(1)合成法。合成法是指两个或多个单词按照一定的规律结合在一起，形成一个新的单词。一般来说，合成词的意思就是各个组成词的意思的综合。例如：overestimate是由over(大于)和estimate
31、(估计)组合成的新单词，它的意思是：高估。(2)派生法。派生法是通过在基础根上添加前缀或者后缀来构造新词。一般来说，前缀改变词义不改变词性，而后缀改变词性不改变词义。常见的前缀有：表示否定或者相反意思的前缀dis， un， im， in， ir， il， non， mis等用在单词的前面，往往构成原单词的反义词。如：correctincorrect, legalillegal, likeunlike等。表示“又，再，重新” 的前缀re，如：rebuild重建，reapply重新申请。表示“和一起，共同”的前缀co，如：coworker同事，合作者。表示“过于”的前缀over，如overuse使用过度，overjoyed欣喜若狂。表示“超级，极”的前缀super，如：supermarket超级市场，superpower超级大国。例如上文C篇阅读中第11小题，eco是个前缀，意为“环境的，生态的”，ecofriendly的表面意思是“对生态环境友好的”，也就是“有益于生态环境的”。(3)转化法。把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。如：“He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.”中的nurse原为名词“护士”，转化为动词“护理，看护”。
