1、二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意练习Grandparents who help out occasionally with childcare in their community tend tolive longer than seniors who do not care for other people,according to a study fromBerlin,Germany.“Having no contact with grandchildren at all can negatively impact grandparentshealth.This link could be dee
2、ply rooted in our evolutionary past when help withchildcare was important for the survival of the human species，”said SonjaHilbrand,one of the researchers.The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70.Overall,after accounting for grandparents age and general state of health,th
3、e risk of dyingover a 20year period was one third lower for grandparents who cared for theirgrandchildren,compared with grandparents who provided no childcare.Caregiving was associated with a longer life even when the care receiver wasnt arelative.Half of all childless seniors who provided support t
4、o friends or neighborslived for seven years after the study began,while non-helpers lived for four years onaverage.“Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful forothers and society.Caregiving may be thought also as an activity that keepscaregivers physically and me
5、ntally active，”said Professor Bruno Arpino.Arpino noted,however,that caregiving is not the only activity that can improvehealth and that too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficialactivities like working,being in social clubs,or volunteering.“Children should take into accoun
6、t their parents needs,willingness,and desires and agree with them on thetiming and amount of childcare，”he suggested.“It is very important that every individual decides for himself/herself,what properamounts of help means，”Hilbrand said,adding,“As long as you do not feelstressed about the intensity(
7、强度)of help you provide you may be doing somethinggood for others as well as for yourself.”1What is the caregiving study based on?AHuman evolutionary history.BDemand of modern society.CSocial contact between relatives.DData on many elderly people.2In Arpinos opinion,childcare _.Ais sure to keep old p
8、eople away from illnessesBallows old people to live a more meaningful lifeCcreates more job opportunities for old peopleDmakes social activities inaccessible to old people3What does the underlined part“take into account”in Paragraph 6 probably mean?ALimit.BIgnore.CFavor.DConsider.4What does the last
9、 paragraph tell us?AGrandparents can do anything in their own interests.BGrandparents should share more social responsibilities.CProper amounts of childcare do good to grandparents.DCaregiving guarantees every grandparent a longer life.1.解析：D 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句The findings are drawn fromdata on more t
10、han 500 people over age 70.可知，这一发现是从对500多个70岁以上的老人的数据分析得来的。故选D项。2.解析：B 推理判断题。根据题干中的Arpinos opinion定位至文章第五段中的“Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel usefulfor others and society.”可知，看护小孩让看护人觉得生活有了目的，因为他们觉得自己对他人和社会是有用的，也就是说，看护小孩可以使他们感觉生活得有意义。故选B项。3.解析：D 词义猜测题。根据上文中too m
11、any caring responsibilities can takeaway from other beneficial activities及后面的“.their parents needs,willingness,and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare，”可知，过多的照看责任会使老人无法从事其他有意义的活动，所以孩子应考虑老人的需求、意愿和渴求，同意他们照顾孩子的时间长度和强度的选择。由此可猜测，takeinto account意为“考虑”，与consider意义相近。故选D项。4.解析
12、：C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“As long as you do not feel stressedabout the intensity of help you provide you may be doing something good forothers as well as for yourself.”可知，只要你帮忙的强度不会让你感到有压力，这对他人、对你自己都是有好处的。由此可知，适当地照顾小孩对祖父母有好处。故选C项。Benjamin West,the father of American painting,showed his talent for art when he
13、was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor toldhim he needed one.In those days,a brush was made from camels hair.There were nocamels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some furfrom the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last lo
14、ng.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long,the catbegan to look ragged(蓬乱).His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin wasforced to admit what he had been doing.The cats lot was about to improve.That year,one of Benjamins cousins,Mr.Pennington,came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamins d
15、rawings.When he wenthome,he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent sixengravings(版画)by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint andbrushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747,when Benjamin was nine years old,Mr.Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at
16、 what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjaminsparents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city,Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boybegan a landscape(风景)painting.William Williams,a well-known painter,came to seehim work.Willia
17、ms was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books onpainting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only alittle,having been a poor student.But he later said,Those two books were mycompanions by day,and under my pillow at night.While it is likely that heunderstood
18、very little of the books,they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.1.What is the text mainly about?A.Benjamins visit to Philadelphia.B.Williams influence on Benjamin.C.The beginning of Benjamins life as an artist.D.The friendship
19、between Benjamin and Pennington.2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?A.The cat would be closely watched.B.The cat would get some medical care.C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.3.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his ta
20、lent?A.He took him to see painting exhibitions.B.He provided him with painting materials.C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D.He taught him how to make engravings.4.Williams two books helped Benjamin to_.A.master the use of paintsB.appreciate landscape paintingsC.get to know other painters D.
21、make up his mind to be a painter1.C 主旨大意题。本文介绍了本杰明韦斯特在六岁到九岁时对绘画的热爱,他所面临的问题以及大艺术家威廉威廉姆斯对他的影响及帮助,引导着他走上了艺术家的道路。故选C项。2.D 句意猜测题。画线句是第三段的段首,其作用应是引出本段的内容。由上文可知,本杰明没有画刷就从猫身上割毛制作画刷。画线句后面的意思是,本杰明的表兄给他带来了画刷和颜料。故画线句子的意思应该是与本杰明需要画刷有关,故选D项。3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“.he sent Benjamin a boxof paint and some brushes.”以及最后一
22、段中的“In the city,Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”可知,表兄给本杰明提供了画刷等绘画材料来帮助他学习绘画,故选B项。4.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“.they were hisintroduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boydecided then that he would be an artist.”可知,这两本书对他的影响更多的是在精神方面,而不是知识方面,这两本书坚定了他的梦想,引导着这个九岁的男孩走上
23、了绘画的道路。故选D项。Its surprising how much simple movement of the body can affect the waywe think.Using expansive gestures with open arms makes us feel morepowerful,crossing your arms makes you more determined and lying downcan bring more insights(领悟).So if moving the body can have these effects,what about
24、 the clothes wewear?Were all well aware of how dressing up in different ways can makeus feel more attractive,sporty or professional,depending on the clothes wewear,but can the clothes actually change cognitive(认知的)performance or isit just a feeling?Adam and Galinsky tested the effect of simply weari
25、ng a white lab coat onpeoples powers of attention.The idea is that white coats are associated withscientists,who are in turn thought to have close attention to detail.What they found was that people wearing white coats performed better thanthose who werent.Indeed,they made only half as many errors a
26、s thosewearing their own clothes on the Stroop Test(one way of measuringattention).The researchers call the effect“enclothed cognition,”suggesting thatall manner of different clothes probably affect our cognition in manydifferent ways.This opens the way for all sorts of clothes-based experiments.Is
27、the writerwho wears a fedora more creative?Is the psychologist wearing little roundglasses and smoking a cigar more insightful?Does a chefs hat make therestaurant food taste better?From now on I will only be editing articles for PsyBlog while wearing awhite coat to help keep the typing error count l
28、ow.Hopefully you will bedoing your part by reading PsyBlog in a cap and gown(学位服).1.What is the main idea of the text?A.Body movements change the way people think.B.How people dress has an influence on their feelings.C.What people wear can affect their cognitiveperformance.D.People doing different j
29、obs should wear differentclothes.2.Adam and Galinskys experiment tested the effect ofclothes on their wearers.A.insightsB.movements C.attentionD.appearance3.How does the author sound in the last paragraph?A.Academic.B.Humorous.C.Formal.D.Hopeful.1.C 主旨大意题。根据第二段“.but can the clothesactually change co
30、gnitive(认知的)performance or is itjust a feeling?”及下文所做的实验可知,本文主要讲述着装对人的认知的影响。2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段“Adam and Galinskytested the effect of simply wearing a white lab coat onpeoples powers of attention.”及第四段“Indeed,.on theStroop Test(one way of measuring attention).”可知,Adam和Galinsky的实验是测试着装对人们注意力的影响。3.B 推理判断题
31、。文章讲述的是着装影响人的认知表现,最后一段作者说自己以后要穿白大褂上班编辑文章,以减少打字错误。他希望读者也能穿上学位服阅读PsyBlog的文章。由此可推断出作者是用一种幽默的语气调侃着装认知理论。People love cellphones,which is why nine in ten Americans own one.But doesheavy use of cellphones pose a risk of cancer?This question has caused controversyfor many years.A new study in rats now augme
32、nts those concerns.Its data linkedlongterm,intense exposure to radiation from cellphones with all increased risk ofcancer in the heart or brain.The results have yet to be confirmed,the authors note.Indeed,although the rat study found a link between cellphone radiation and cancer，it offers no clues t
33、o why such a link might exist,notes Jonathan Samet.He teachespreventative medicine and directs the Institute for Global Health at the University ofSouthern California in Los Angeles.Still,he calls the new studys findings“significant”.They could lead to studies researching how cellphone radiation mig
34、htcause cancer,he says.Phone signals are relayed between cell towers and cellphones via radio waves.Thisradio frequency or RF radiation is a type known as nonionizing(非电离的).Unlike Xrays,nonionizing radiation does not deposit enough energy into cells torelease electrons from atoms or molecules,produc
35、ing ions.So it tends to be far lessharmful than ionizing radiation,such as Xrays.But that does not mean radio wavesmight not cause harm.In very large doses(量)this radiation will heat the body and cause tissue damage.But its not yet known what much lower RF levels might do,such as those fromcellphone
36、 use.Five years ago,the World Health Organizations International Agencyfor Research on Cancer,or IARC,concluded that cellphone use“is possiblycarcinogenic(致癌的)”Its conclusion was based on what little research data was available at that time.Butnotice that IARC was not certain.It said only that phone
37、 use might“possibly”causecancer.So scientists at the National Toxicology Program,or NTP,investigated further.9Which of the following can replace the underlined word“augments”？Afigures outBputs out Crefers toDadds to10In which aspect does Jonathan Samet think the new study in rats is significant?AIt
38、assists him with his teaching.BIt indicates a new research direction.CIt warns people to mind cellphone safety.DIt makes a breakthrough in cancer research.11What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?AHow phone signals are delivered.BHow cellphones produce radiation.CFeatures of radiation from cellphones.DDif
39、ferences between ionizing and nonionizing radiation.12What might be the theme of NTP scientists further research?AWhy cellphone use causes cancer.BWhether cellphone use really causes cancer.CWhat health effects cellphone use has.DHow much exposure to cellphone radiation is safe.1.解析：D 考查词义猜测。画线词前面提到
40、过度使用手机是否有患癌的风险这一问题多年来引发的争议不断，再根据画线词后的“concerns”和“Its datalinked longterm,intense exposure to radiation from cellphones with anincreased risk of cancer in the heart or brain”可知，现在一项在老鼠身上进行的新研究增加了那些忧虑。故画线词与adds to意义相近。2.解析：B 考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“They could lead to studiesresearching how cellphone radiation
41、might cause cancer,he says”可知，这项研究会促使科学家去查明手机辐射可能是怎样致癌的，也就是说它为科学家提供了一个新的研究方向。3.解析：C 考查主旨要义。根据第三段的内容尤其是“nonionizing radiationdoes not deposit enough energy into cells to release electrons from atoms orin molecules,producing ions.So it tends to be far less harmful thanionizing radiation.”可知，本段主要讲的是手机辐射的特点，它是非电离的，其危害性远低于电离辐射。4.解析：B 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It said only that phone usemight possibly cause cancer.So scientists at the National ToxicologyProgram,or NTP,investigated further”可知，NTP的科学家进一步研究的主题可能是手机使用是否真的会导致癌症。
