1、北京市朝阳区20202021学年度第一学期期末质量检测高三英语试卷(考试时间90分钟 满分100分)第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。An Unexpected GiftTwelve-year-old Mathew Flores is different from other kids. He loves junk (垃圾) mail, and these advertisements were the only reading mat
2、erials _1_ to him. Once he asked his mailman if he could offer him some.The question _2_ the mailman. He asked the boy the reason, and then recorded his _3_ in his Facebook. “Today while delivering mail, I saw a boy reading ads, and he asked me for extra mail. Actually he wants to go to the library,
3、 but his family is very poor and cant _4_ the bus.”The mailman then asked his Facebook friends if they could _5_ some books for the boy. He wrote, “Most kids want electronic products! But what he wants is books. Its great to see his rare _6_, and you may have seen him smile when I said I could help
4、him!” “He is counting on me,” he concluded. “So I am counting on you!”The mailman thought the Facebook post might _7_ 50 to 60 books. But his _8_ was passed on quickly. People from around the world, including the UK, Australia and India, have sent books. Hundreds of books have been delivered to the
5、boys door, with hundreds more _9_ on their way.When books first started arriving, Flores was shocked by what happened. “I thought they were _10_, but they indeed were for me.” He says that he cant wait to share the books with other kids, and has promised to read every one.1. A. naturalB. availableC.
6、 commonD. familiar2. A. frightenedB. disappointedC. surprisedD. amused3. A. responseB. effortC. decisionD. comment4. A. ownB. takeC. shareD. afford5. A. adjustB. examineC. spareD. publish6. A. desireB. effectC. purposeD. value7. A. give awayB. bring inC. take onD. put up8. A. beliefB. spiritC. secre
7、tD. request9. A. onlyB. nearlyC. stillD. thus10. A. mistakenB. helplessC. unusualD. awkward【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了邮递员无意间发现小男孩儿Mathew Flores因贫穷而只看不起书后，将他的故事发到在脸书上，网友们知道后，给小男孩送了好多爱心图书的故事。【1题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他喜欢垃圾邮件，这些广告是他唯一能得到的阅读材料。A. natural 自然的；B. availab
8、le可获得的； C. common共同的； D. familiar熟悉的。根据第二段中“but his family is very poor”可知小男孩之所以读这些垃圾邮件，是因为他的家庭太穷。所以这些广告是他唯一可获得的阅读材料。故选B项。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个问题使邮递员大吃一惊。A. frightened害怕的；B. disappointed失望的； C. surprised 感到惊讶的；D. amused觉得好笑的。根据分析可知，垃圾邮件一向是人们不喜欢的，而小男孩却问邮递员要垃圾邮件，所以在下一句中 “He asked the boy the reason” 邮
9、递员问小男孩这样做的原因。可知邮递员是感到惊讶的。故选C项。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他问了男孩原因，然后在脸书上记录了他的回答。A. response回答； B. effort努力；C. decision决定；D. comment评论。根据前文 “He asked the boy the reason” 可知，他问了小男孩为什么要这些垃圾邮件，所以这里应该是将小男孩的回答发到了脸书上，故选A项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：实际上他想去图书馆，但他的家庭很穷，付不起乘坐公共汽车的钱。A. own拥有； B. take 乘坐；C. share 分享；D. afford 付得起。
10、根据“but his family is very poor”可知，小男孩的家庭很贫困，去图书馆但付不起乘坐公交车的钱。故选D项。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，这位邮递员问他脸书上的朋友们是否可以匀出一些书给小男孩。A. adjust 调整；B. examine 检查；C. spare 匀出 D. publish出版。根据下句“Most kids want electronic products! But what he wants is books ”以及“ some books for the boy.”可知，由于小男孩想要书，所以邮递员想让脸书上的朋友们匀出一些自己的书给小男
11、孩。故选C项。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：遇见他这么罕见的心愿真是太好了，当我说我可以帮助他时，你可以想象他当时的笑容。A. desire心愿； B. effect 努力；C. purpose目的； D. value价值。根据上文中 “Most kids want electronic products! But what he wants is books”可知大部分的孩子都想要电子产品，而小男孩想要的却是书，他的愿望是很罕见的。故选A项。【7题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：邮差本认为脸书上的帖子可能会收获50到60本书。A. give away 分发；B. bring in 收获；
12、C. take on承担； D. put up张贴。根据下文“People from around the world, including the UK, Australia and India, have sent books.”以及“50 to 60 books. ”可知，脸书上的帖子让他收获了很多书。邮差本认为脸书上的帖子可能会收获50到60本书。故选B项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他的请求在网上传播很快。A. belief 信仰；B. spirit 精神；C. secret 秘密；D. request请求。根据上文可知，邮递员向网友们请求捐一些书给小男孩，所以这里他发的帖
13、子应该是请求帮助的，故选D项。【9题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：数百本的书已经送到了男孩的门口，还有数百本的书仍然在路上。A. only仅仅； B. nearly差不多； C. still 仍然；D. thus因此。根据上文“Hundreds of books have been delivered to the boys door.”以及“on their way”可知，有很多书都已经送到了男孩儿的门口，但还有很多书还没有送到。依旧在路上。故选C项。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当书开始陆续到达时，Flores被发生的事情震惊了：“我以为他们弄错了，但他们确实是送给我的。” A.
14、 mistaken 弄错的；B. helpless无用的； C. unusual 不寻常的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据本句中的连接词but表示转折，可知，弗洛雷斯一开始很惊讶，以为书是别人寄错了的。但后来知道书的确是送给他的。故选A项。第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Imagine you are standing close to a river. The sun is shining and everything is very q
15、uiet. There is a boat _11_ (wait) for you. You get in and it takes you down a river, slowly and gently and after some time you realize that you _12_ (be) in this place before. You are back at a time in your childhood, _13_ you were very happy. You row to the bank of the river and get out. Walk aroun
16、d, and you will meet all those people you spent that happy time with and you can do all those things again that you enjoyed.【答案】11. waiting 12. have been 13. when【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者记叙了一次自我想象的经历，想象自己一个站在河边，登上了一艘船，回到了童年，又能重新进行选择。【11题详解】考查动词时态。句意：那儿有艘船在等你。分析句子结构可知，设空处句子时态应与前两句保持一致，描述当时想象的情景，应用现在进行时。故填waiti
17、ng。【12题详解】考查动词时态。句意：过了一段时间你意识到你曾经来过这个地方。根据时间状语before可知，这里表示过去发生的事情对现在造成影响，应用现在完成时。故填have been。【13题详解】考查定语从句。句意：你又回到了你的童年时代，那时你非常快乐。分析句子结构可知。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a time in your childhood，在从句中充当时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Young people work hard
18、 to get their qualifications. But many workplaces are looking for soft skills. They concern about things like managing your time, working in a team in different _14_ (activity) and communicating with others. All of those _15_ (include) in soft skills. Usually people with these skills can do a good j
19、ob. Many of these skills are _16_ (help) in your education as well. You can develop them by learning about the way you think and the way you communicate.【答案】14. activities 15. are included 16. helpful【解析】这是一篇说明文。年轻人努力工作以获得资格证书。但很多工作场所都在寻找软技能，因为通常拥有软技能的人工作可以做得很好。其中的许多技能对你的教育也有帮助。你可以通过了解你的思考方式和你的沟通方式来
20、培养他们。【14题详解】考查名词的数。句意：他们关心的事情包括管理你的时间，在不同的活动中在一个团队中工作，以及与他人沟通。故填activities。【15题详解】考查时态语态。句意：所有这些都包含在软技能中。句子陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为all，谓语动词用复数。故填are included。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：其中的许多技能对你的教育也有帮助。结合上文“Many of these skills are ”，可知应填形容词helpful，作表语。故填helpful。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白
21、处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。World leaders are planning to return to the moon in the near future. Two companies have also made a decision _17_ (support) space travel. They will give 30 million dollars to the first members who send a vehicle to the moon and send video back to Earth over the
22、Internet. In addition to _18_ (make) a lot of money, the winners will also make history. In the 1400s, Spanish leaders _19_ (give) Columbus money to explore the world; in return, they learned about a whole new part of the world. Todays lunar explorers are similar. Who knows _20_ they will discover?【
23、答案】17. to support 18. making 19. gave 20. what【解析】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍世界各国领导人正计划在不久的将来重返月球，两家大公司打算支持太空旅行，制定了一些奖励政策，希望能够探索新的东西。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：两个公司也做出决定支持太空旅行。分析句子可知，decision后接不定式作后置定语，故填to support。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了赚很多钱，赢家也会创造历史。In addition to“除之外”，to是介词，接动名词作宾语，故填making。【19题详解】考查动词时态。句意：在14世纪，西班牙领导人给
24、哥伦布提供资金来探索世界；作为回报，他们了解了世界的一个全新的部分。分析句子可知，give是谓语动词，由时间状语“In the 1400s”可知用一般过去时。故填gave。【20题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：谁知道他们能发现什么？分析句子可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句中discover缺少宾语，表示“什么”，故填what。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATo: David Russeldrusellmmail.orgFrom: Alyssa Mellerame
25、llerDate: January 12Subject: MeetingsDear Mr. Russel,Welcome to work here for a few days. I am writing to let you know that Roger Williams, one of our staff members, will pick you up at the airport on Sunday evening. We have a hotel arrangement for you just next to our office building. As a popular
26、writer of childrens literature, you will be giving a presentation in our boardroom. All of us are expecting the new contents in your books, which will surely include your understanding of childrens literature. We hope to learn more from you about how to efficiently organize contents and develop writ
27、ten communication skills. At your request, I was about to arrange several meetings with your coauthors to discuss revisions to your series of childrens stories, which will be an important part during your stay here. Because of the tight schedule, you will probably have some busy days here. But we wi
28、ll try our best to ensure that you can have a high efficiency. All details are provided below.Mon.9:00 a.m.Presentation on new contents11:00 a.m.Lunch meeting with Thomas Wood (illustrator)Tue.9:30 a.m.Breakfast with Gary Willson (book designer)11:20 a.m.Conference call with Scott West (the CEO of W
29、alter Publishing)2:00 p.m.Meeting with Hank Willis about some of the chaptersWed.9:00 a.m.Meeting with Georg Hoffmann to translate some documents into English11:00 a.m.Editing session with Jose WrightAfter the final meeting on Wednesday, we will drive you to West Town Station by 4:00 p.m. Your train
30、 from the station to the airport will depart at 4:30 p.m. and your flight is scheduled to leave at 6:10 p.m.If there is anything unsuitable for the arrangement, please let me know and we will adjust the schedule as soon as possible.Looking forward to meeting you next week.Alyssa21. What is the purpo
31、se of the email?A. To provide a work schedule.B. To make a travel arrangement.C. To propose an adaptation of the storybooks.D. To inform Mr. Russel of a schedule change.22. What can we learn about Mr. Russel?A. He is attending a book fair.B. He is drafting a research proposal.C. He is advertising ch
32、ildrens storybooks.D. He is working with others on a project23. When is Mr. Russel expected to discuss the contents of his storybooks?A. At 11:00 a.m. on Monday.B. At 11:20 a.m. on Tuesday.C. At 2:00 p.m. on Tuesday.D. At 9:00 a.m. on Wednesday.【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C【解析】本文是应用文。这是Alyssa Meller写给儿童作家Da
33、vid Russel的一封邮件，介绍了工作安排，活动内容和时间安排等事项。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Because of the tight schedule, you will probably have some busy days here. But we will try our best to ensure that you can have a high efficiency. All details are provided below.( 由于日程安排紧张，你可能会在这里有一些繁忙的日子。但我们会尽力确保你能有一个高效率。所有细节如下)”可推断，这封邮件的目的是为
34、了提供一个工作安排表。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“At your request, I was about to arrange several meetings with your coauthors to discuss revisions to your series of childrens stories, which will be an important part during your stay here.（应您的要求，我打算安排几次与您的合著者的会议，讨论您的一系列儿童故事的修订，这将是您在这里逗留期间的一个重要部分。）”可知，Russell正在和别人一
35、起做一个项目。故选D。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中提到的“Tue.2:00 p.m.”和“Meeting with Hank Willis about some of the chapters（和Hank Willis讨论一些章节）”可知，星期二下午两点，Russell先生将讨论他的故事书的内容。故选C。BThe Wrestler Who Became an AuthorPete Watson looks like the biggest, sweetest teddy bear you ever saw. It is only when he opens his mouth that
36、 you notice his missing front teeth. He is a three-time world champion wrestler and now an author who has written several novels. However, what impresses people most is not his status as a champion or an author, but his unique understanding of wrestling.Watson does not come from a traditional wrestl
37、ing family. His father was an athletics director with a PhD, while his mother was a physical education teacher. He was a big boy, who was often bullied for his size. One day his neighbor had a go at him, and for the first time Watson realized that he could use his weight and size instead of feeling
38、awkward about it. It was a turning point.At college, he did a degree in communication studies. Meanwhile, he was learning the ropes of professional wrestling. His parents did not object to his learning to wrestle. They were just really insistent that he finished college. “I am pretty sure that they
39、thought Id get hurt and quit, but I didnt,” he said. Watson insisted on the training and enjoyed every game. Once he said to his fans, “The process of the games is the most enjoyable thing for me. Its good to have a lot of cheers during the games. They encourage me to do it better.”Some fans asked h
40、im what he thought of wrestling, for they wanted to know if he had to be a good actor to become a good wrestler. Watson gave a definite answer. “I used to really dislike the acting label,” he said. “But it is acting. When its really good, when youre feeling it and letting that real emotion fly, it c
41、omes closer to being real.”Now Watson has retired and devoted the time to his family and bookshis next novel is about boy wrestlers living on the same block. He does not think this life is so different from wrestling. “Wrestling is all about characters,” he says. “So when my fans hear Ive written a
42、novel, I dont get the sense that they feel Ive abandoned them.”24. According to Paragraph 2, what was the turning point for Watson?A. He became annoyed at his weight and size.B. He decided to become an athletics director.C. He dreamed to come from a wrestling family.D. He began to fight back at thos
43、e who hurt him.25. How does Watson regard the idea that wrestling is like acting?A. He has come to accept it.B. He doesnt like the suggestion.C. He believes good actors come from wrestlers.D. He doesnt think wrestling can compare to acting.26. Watsons present life is not so different from his past p
44、rofession because _.A. his books are all about his past professionB. his work is still connected with charactersC. his fans still follow his career with interestD. his family gives him the same support as before【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Pete Watson从一个摔跤手成为了一名作家，详细介绍了Watson的个人经历以及他对摔跤的看
45、法。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“He was a big boy, who was often bullied for his size. One day his neighbor had a go at him, and for the first time Watson realized that he could use his weight and size instead of feeling awkward about it. It was a turning point.(他是个大男孩，经常因为块头大而被欺负。一天，他的邻居攻击了他，这是沃森第一次意识到他可以利用自己
46、的体重和体型，而不是感到尴尬。这是一个转折点)”可知，Watson的转折点是他开始反击那些伤害他的人。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Some fans asked him what he thought of wrestling, for they wanted to know if he had to be a good actor to become a good wrestler. Watson gave a definite answer. “I used to really dislike the acting label,” he said. “But it i
47、s acting. When its really good, when youre feeling it and letting that real emotion fly, it comes closer to being real.”(一些粉丝问他对摔跤有什么看法，他们想知道他是否必须成为一个优秀的演员才能成为一个优秀的摔跤手。Watson给了一个明确的回答，他说：“我以前真的不喜欢表演这个标签，但这是演戏。当它真的很棒时，当你真正感受到它并放飞真实的情感时，它就更接近真实了。”)”可知，Watson已经开始接受摔跤就像表演的观点。故选A。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Now
48、 Watson has retired and devoted the time to his family and bookshis next novel is about boy wrestlers living on the same block. He does not think this life is so different from wrestling. “Wrestling is all about characters,” he says.(现在Watson已经退休了，把时间都花在了家庭和书籍上他的下一部小说是关于住在同一街区的男孩摔跤手的。他不认为这种生活和摔跤有什么不
49、同。他说道：“摔跤就是关于角色。”)”可知，Watson现在的生活与他过去的职业并没有太大的不同，因为他的工作仍然与角色有关。故选B。CPhoto Research“If you want to be a better photographer, stand in front of better stuff.” Photographer Jim Richardson shared it with others. He spends a great deal of time doing photo research, looking for great locations to shoot.Se
50、eing a wonderful place is bread-and-butter photographyits just part of the job. Getting there is only half of any great photographs story. The other half is how the photographer prepares to capture the subject once in front of it. It is believed that groundwork is part of photography, as essential a
51、s knowing exposure and lighting or recognizing the decisive moment to take the shot. Research sounds like a boring task for many photographers, while for others digging into a subject in advance is part of the pleasure.Philosophically, photographers seem to divide along that line. On one side are th
52、ose who desire only to be in the moment. On the other side are the planners. They would never dream of going out the door without a full list of how theyre going to approach the shoot. Actually, there is a third group nowadays. They just take photos of the whole scene and do all the creative work in
53、 Photoshop after the event. Most photographers do both: research carefully to prepare their schedule and then act in the moment once on site.Photographers should do a lot of research in order to get ready for a photographic trip. This includes creating a file for each location they are due to visit.
54、 They start a file for each place and begin to make a list of the pieces of information. Knowing what the place looks like in advance is invaluable, so it is good to hit several Internet photo sites. Besides clueing them into the photographic possibilities of the location, this can also show what an
55、gles have already become overused and which they should therefore avoid. But photographers will also find angles they didnt expect from locations they hadnt imagined. Armed with these they will be better prepared to push the boundaries of what they expect.“Above all, Ill look for places and events t
56、hat are seasonal and timeless. I open my mind to what might make a great subject for a picture,” Jim said. “Most travelers tend to think only of places theyre visiting, without looking deeper into culture, history or meaning. I try to get in time with the rhythm of the place and in tune with its mel
57、ody. But most of all I just want to be ready. If Im ready, I can just about count on being lucky.”27. What does the underlined word “capture” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Identify.B. Record.C. Arrange.D. Explore.28. What point does the author make about photographers in Paragraph 3?A. They are un
58、able to decide on the best plan of action.B. It is possible for them to adopt flexible ways of working.C. The third group is not as imaginative as some of the others.D. Some of them refuse to try to understand the way others work.29. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?A. Sound preparation is a mus
59、t for a satisfactory photo.B. One should create photo sites in a photographic trip.C. Taking photos requires vivid imagination in advance.D. It is essential to do photo research in central locations.30. In the last paragraph, Jim states that _.A. he feels good to visit those historical placesB. he r
60、efuses to spend too much time in one placeC. he is careful about choosing the right place to visitD. he likes to go to places that few people bother to visit【答案】27. B 28. B 29. A 30. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了摄影师的工作特点，以及摄影师在正式进行拍摄前需要进行大量的研究工作，寻找拍摄的好地点。对许多摄影师来说，研究听起来是一项枯燥的任务，而对其他人来说，提前深入研究一个主题则是乐趣的一部分。【27题
61、详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“how the photographer prepares to”（摄影师如何准备）以及后文“the subject once in front of it”（曾经在前面的物品）可知，摄影师的职责是拍摄或记录下被拍摄物体，所以画线词所在句意思是：摄影师如何准备在被摄物面前记录下它，即画线词意思为“记录”。A. Identify.识别；B. Record.记录；C. Arrange.安排；D. Explore.探索。故选B。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“On one side are those who desire only to be in the
62、 moment. On the other side are the planners. They would never dream of going out the door without a full list of how theyre going to approach the shoot. Actually, there is a third group nowadays. They just take photos of the whole scene and do all the creative work in Photoshop after the event.(一边是那
63、些只希望活在当下的人。另一边是规划者。如果没有一份完整的拍摄计划清单，他们绝对不会想到出门。事实上，现在还有第三种人。他们只是把整个场景拍下来，然后在活动结束后用Photoshop做所有的创意工作)”可推知，作者认为摄影师可以采用灵活的工作方式。故选B。【29题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Photographers should do a lot of research in order to get ready for a photographic trip. This includes creating a file for each location they are due to v
64、isit. They start a file for each place and begin to make a list of the pieces of information. Knowing what the place looks like in advance is invaluable, so it is good to hit several Internet photo sites. Besides clueing them into the photographic possibilities of the location, this can also show wh
65、at angles have already become overused and which they should therefore avoid. But photographers will also find angles they didnt expect from locations they hadnt imagined. Armed with these they will be better prepared to push the boundaries of what they expect.(为了准备一次摄影之旅，摄影师应该做大量的调查研究。这包括为他们要访问的每个位
66、置创建一个文件。他们在每个地方都建立了一个文件，并开始列一张信息清单。提前知道这个地方是什么样子是非常重要的，所以最好去几个互联网照片网站。除了提示他们拍摄地点的可能性外，还可以告诉他们哪些角度已经被过度使用，因此他们应该避免哪些角度。但摄影师也会从他们没有想象过的地点找到他们没有想到的角度。掌握了这些，他们将更好地准备好去突破他们所期望的界限)”可知，第四段的主要思想是要想拍出令人满意的照片，万全的准备是必须的。故选A。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Most travelers tend to think only of places theyre visiting, witho
67、ut looking deeper into culture, history or meaning. I try to get in time with the rhythm of the place and in tune with its melody. But most of all I just want to be ready.(大多数旅行者倾向于只想到他们要去的地方，而没有深入了解文化、历史或意义。我努力跟上那个地方的节奏，与它的旋律合拍。但最重要的是，我想做好准备)”可知，Jim说他对选择合适的地方去旅游很谨慎。故选C。DBright Nights, Big ProblemsA
68、stronomers rate the darkness of our skies on a range of 9 (brightest) to 1 (darkest), and most of us spend our lives in the light of levels 5 to 8. All over the globe our nights are growing brighter, and almost nowhere are they growing darker. Studies increasingly link our overuse of light at night
69、with health concerns such as sleep disorders and diseases. Other studies report the damaging ecological consequences and the big waste of energy. But the steady loss of darkness from our lives is not easily measured, for the true value of darkness is something we are barely aware of.Since the beginn
70、ing of time, a sky with stars was part of the common human experience. Everywhere on Earth, on most nights, people came face to face with the universe. This experience influenced their beliefstheir very understanding of their place in the world. Today, many of us live under skies which are polluted
71、by light. We live under a night sky showing much fewer stars. Although our night sky continues to shape us, it is the absence of the universe around us that influences our beliefs to create. We are being shaped by a less experience of darkness, and most of us dont even know what we are missing.Our M
72、ilky Way galaxy is home to several hundred billion stars, and the universe home to several hundred billion other galaxies. A sky with a large number of stars encourages us to emphasize our importance, to imagine humanity as the center of all things. Face to face with the endless size of the universe
73、, we have the chance to know how insignificant we really are. But we also realize the true largeness of our living on this planet, and realize that we have an enormous responsibility to care, that there is no other place to go, that home is here.“Everyone needs beauty as well as bread,” wrote John M
74、uir, American naturalist. Lighting designers understand that without darkness, there is no “city of light”, and they work constantly to create their citys atmospheric beauty by mixing artificial light with darkness. And with nights moonlit geographies, its smells of desert rain and autumn fires, its
75、 insect symphonies interrupted by a birds call on a lake, natural darkness has many offerings of its own.Yet we are completely involved in artificial light. Much of this lighting is wholly unnecessary, born of habit and lack of awareness. So let us become aware: simply by keeping our existing lights
76、 we could significantly reduce their negative effects on our body, our mind, our soul. Artificial light at night is a wonder, a quality that enriches our lives. But the same has always been true of darkness, and can be again.31. The author suggests that because of light pollution we _.A. tend to com
77、e face to face with the universeB. need a lot of imagination to understand the universeC. are considerably less creative than our ancient ancestors wereD. experience the world in a different way to previous generations32 What does the author think about humans in Paragraph 3?A. We have an over-confi
78、dent belief in our own value.B. We behave as if nothing exists apart from ourselves.C. We ignore the requirement of looking after our planet.D We avoid thinking too deeply about our role on Earth.33. Why does the author include references to rain, fires and wildlife?A. To illustrate the boring life
79、at night without artificial light.B. To explain why people think lighting is necessary at night.C. To provide an example of the attractive qualities of night-time.D. To highlight the differences between urban and natural environments.34. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author is _.A. c
80、lear about the reasons why artificial light is essentialB. dissatisfied with peoples lack of interest in artificial lightC. willing to draw comparisons between artificial light and darknessD. hopeful that people will become aware of the negative impact of lights【答案】31. D 32. A 33. C 34. C【解析】这是一篇议论文
81、。越来越多的研究表明，我们在晚上过度使用灯光与睡眠障碍和疾病等健康问题有关。但是，我们生活中黑暗的稳定消失并不容易衡量，因为黑暗的真正价值是我们几乎没有意识到的东西。文中作者通过将人造光和自然的黑暗相对比，告诉我们应当肩负起保护星球家园的责任。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Since the beginning of time, a sky with stars was part of the common human experience. Everywhere on Earth, on most nights, people came face to face with the u
82、niverse. This experience influenced their beliefstheir very understanding of their place in the world. Today, many of us live under skies which are polluted by light. We live under a night sky showing much fewer stars. Although our night sky continues to shape us, it is the absence of the universe a
83、round us that influences our beliefs to create. We are being shaped by a less experience of darkness, and most of us dont even know what we are missing.(从一开始，满天繁星是人类共同经历的一部分。在地球上的每一个地方，在大多数夜晚，人们都与宇宙面对面。这种经历影响了他们的信仰他们对自己在世界上地位的理解。今天，我们许多人生活在被光污染的天空下。我们生活在星星少得多的夜空下。虽然我们的夜空继续塑造着我们，但正是我们周围宇宙的缺失影响了我们创造的信
84、念。我们被较少的黑暗经历所塑造，我们大多数人甚至不知道我们错过了什么)”可知，作者认为，由于光污染，我们体验世界的方式与前几代人不同。故选D。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Our Milky Way galaxy is home to several hundred billion stars, and the universe home to several hundred billion other galaxies. A sky with a large number of stars encourages us to emphasize our importance, to
85、imagine humanity as the center of all things. Face to face with the endless size of the universe, we have the chance to know how insignificant we really are.(我们的银河系是几千亿颗恒星的家园，而宇宙是几千亿其他星系的家园。一个有大量星星的天空鼓励我们强调我们的重要性，想象人类是一切事物的中心。面对浩瀚无垠的宇宙，我们才有机会知道自己有多渺小)”可知，作者认为人类对自己的价值过于自信。故选A。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Ever
86、yone needs beauty as well as bread,” wrote John Muir, American naturalist. Lighting designers understand that without darkness, there is no “city of light”, and they work constantly to create their citys atmospheric beauty by mixing artificial light with darkness. And with nights moonlit geographies
87、, its smells of desert rain and autumn fires, its insect symphonies interrupted by a birds call on a lake, natural darkness has many offerings of its own.( 美国博物学家John Muir写道：“人人都需要面包，也需要美丽”。灯光设计师明白，没有黑暗，就没有“光之城”，他们不断地工作，通过人造光与黑暗的混合来创造他们城市的氛围之美。夜晚的月光照耀着大地，沙漠之雨和秋天之火的气息，昆虫发出的交响乐被湖中鸟儿的鸣叫打断，自然的黑暗也有它自己的许多
88、贡献)”可知，作者提到雨、火和野生动物，是为了给夜晚迷人的魅力提供一个例子。故选C。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“So let us become aware: simply by keeping our existing lights we could significantly reduce their negative effects on our body, our mind, our soul. Artificial light at night is a wonder, a quality that enriches our lives. But the same ha
89、s always been true of darkness, and can be again.(所以，我们要意识到：只要保持现有灯光，我们就可以显著减少它们对我们身体、思想和灵魂的负面影响。夜晚的人造光是一个奇迹，一种丰富我们生活的品质。但是，黑暗一直以来都是如此，也可以再次如此)”可知，作者乐于将人工光与黑暗进行比较。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Farms of the FutureSkyscrapers(摩天大楼) are the ultimate symbol of urban
90、life. By 2050, almost 80 percent of the earths population could live in cities. The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same. _35_Vertical farms, where farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could b
91、e the solution. In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops. _36_Vertical farms would have many advantages, experts say. The food would be grown with minimal effects on the environment. Unlike traditional farming, ver
92、tical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment. _37_ These have been well recognized.Growing prosperity has led to many people demanding that all foods are available all year round.
93、Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer from weather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition, the use of agricultural chemicals for controlling insects would be minimal._38_ They point out that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get
94、natural sunlight during the day, it wouldnt be enough. The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables. _39_ They would need additional light sources.Experts
95、agree that the new farming practices are needed to support the planets need for more and more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer. Vertical farms may be a small-scale answer, but the best ideas could be yet to come.A. Still, there are some people who are critical of vert
96、ical farms.B. That is where vertical farms are often needed for year-round crops.C. So how to meet the increasing food needs of our planet could be a big problem.D. For these reasons, natural light cannot be a workable solution for vertical farms.E. Vertically grown food is grown in environmentally
97、controlled conditions in big cities.F. Those farms would also reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over distances.G. They believe that we can increase the food production by changing our thinking from out to up.【答案】35. C 36. G 37. F 38. A 39. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了未来城市里的垂直农场。【35题详解】上
98、文“The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same.(人类人口可能增加到91亿人，但可供耕种的土地数量将保持不变。)”说明人口增加，但耕地面积不会增加，此处承接这一话题，说明这种趋势带来的影响，C项“因此，如何满足我们星球日益增长的粮食需求可能是一个大问题。”承接上文，C项中“increasing food needs”与上文human population和the amount of land avai
99、lable for farming一致，故选C。【36题详解】上文“In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops.(尽管担心高成本，专家们还是想让这些城市农场成为现实，用这些摩天大楼来种植农作物。)”说明专家希望转变思路，G项“他们相信我们可以通过从外到上的思维方式来增加粮食产量。”概括上文内容，“changing our thinking from out to up”与上文“use t
100、hese skyscrapers to grow crops”一致，故选G。【37题详解】上文“Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment.( 与传统农业不同，垂直农业不会占用大片土地，迫使动物离开它们的栖息地，也不会因为使用重型农业设备而污染空气。)
101、”说明了垂直农业的优点，F项also是关键词，与上文是病了补充关系，“这些农场还可以减少长距离运输食物的成本和负面影响。”符合题意，补充说明垂直农场的优点。故选F。【38题详解】设空处为段落主题句，根据下文内容“They point out that.The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high qua
102、lity vegetables.(他们指出，虽然生长在高大的玻璃建筑里的作物在白天可以得到自然阳光，但这是不够的。离窗户最近的植物比离窗户更远的植物长得更快。生长在远离窗户的植物可能不能生产出那么多或高质量的蔬菜。)”说明了部分人的观点，认为垂直种植的缺点也是很明显的，A项“尽管如此，还是有一些人对垂直农场持批评态度。”概括了下文内容，故选A。【39题详解】上文“The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing awa
103、y from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables.(离窗户最近的植物比离窗户更远的植物长得更快。生长在远离窗户的植物可能不能生产出那么多或高质量的蔬菜。)”说明阳光对植物生长的重要性，空格处承上启下，下文“They would need additional light sources. (它们需要额外的光源)”说明问题所在。D项前半句“For these reasons”与上文讲的自然光对作物的影响一致，后半句“natural light cannot be a workable solution
104、”与下文“need additional light sources”一致，故选D。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节 （共4小题；第40至41题每小题2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。Is Your Memory Online?If you are trying to find out who invented the microscope, do you ask a friend, go to the library, or look it up online? These days,
105、most people will look it up online with a quick Internet search. “Just Google it”, people say, using the name of the popular Internet search engine. As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remembering less? If you know your computer will save informat
106、ion, why store it in your own personal memory? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.In recent study, psychologist Betsy Sparrow of Columbia University conducted some experiments. She and her team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory. In the first e
107、xperiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first
108、 group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.In the second experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember. In addition, the researchers told them where to find the information on the computer. The information was in a specific computer folder. Surp
109、risingly, people later remembered the folder location better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather they remember how to find it.This is called “transactive memory”. We remember where to find the information, but we dont remember the information. B
110、efore the Internet, we used transactive memory to remember which person or book had the information we needed. Now, we just have to remember where it is stored on the Internet.According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, we are learning ho
111、w to organize huge quantities of information so that we are able to access it at a later date. This doesnt mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.40. Why did Sparrow and her team make the experiments?41. What was the result
112、of the second experiment?42. Would you please give an example of transactive memory?43. What do you think of the fact that the way we use memory is changing? Why?(about 40 words)【答案】40. Sparrow and her team made the experiments in order to find out how the Internet is changing memory. 41. The result
113、 of the second experiment was that people remember the location of the information rather than the information itself. 42. For example, we dont want to remember the information by ourselves. Instead, wed like to remember the person who knows the information and ask him for it when we need the inform
114、ation. 43. (1) I think it good to change the way we use our memory. With the help of the Internet, we are learning how to organize huge quantities of information. We can store and use more information, which will surely broaden our view and improve work efficiency. So I think its a good thing.(2) I
115、dont think it is a good thing to change the way we use our memory. It will make us rely too much on the Internet. Once there is a problem with it, we will be a loss of much information that should have been stored in our mind. So I dont think thats a good thing.【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了心理学家Sparrow和她的团队进行了一
116、些实验以找出互联网是如何改变记忆的。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She and her team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory.（她和她的团队想知道互联网是如何改变记忆的。）”可知Sparrow和她的团队做这些实验的原因是探究互联网是如何改变记忆的。故答案为“Sparrow and her team made the experiments in order to find out how the Internet is changing memory.”【41题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Surpri
117、singly, people later remembered the folder location better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather they remember how to find it.（令人惊讶的是，人们后来记得文件夹的位置比事实的记忆更好。当人们使用互联网时，他们不记得信息。相反，他们记得是如何找到它的）”可知第二个实验的结果是人们记住信息的位置而不是信息本身。故答案为“The result of the second
118、experiment was that people remember the location of the information rather than the information itself.”【42题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“This is called “transactive memory”. We remember where to find the information, but we dont remember the information. Before the Internet, we used transactive memory to rememb
119、er which person or book had the information we needed. Now, we just have to remember where it is stored on the Internet.（这被称为“事务性记忆”。我们记得在哪里找到信息，但我们不记得信息的内容。在互联网出现之前，我们使用事务性记忆来记忆哪些人或书拥有我们需要的信息。现在，我们只需要记住它在互联网上的存储位置。）”可知，这是“事务性记忆”的定义与具体体现，即：例如，我们不想自己去记住信息。相反，我们想记住知道信息的人，然后在我们需要信息的时候问他。故答案为“For exampl
120、e, we dont want to remember the information by ourselves. Instead, wed like to remember the person who knows the information and ask him for it when we need the information.”【43题详解】主观题。本题是开放题，通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了心理学家Sparrow和她的团队通过比较两组人的记忆方式发现互联网正在改变我们的记忆方式，而这种改变是有利有弊的，如果认为改变我们使用记忆的方式是好的。就可以说在互联网的帮助下，我们正在学
121、习如何组织大量的信息。我们可以存储和使用更多的信息，这必将拓宽我们的视野，提高工作效率。反之。如果认为改变我们使用记忆的方式不是一件好事，则可以说它会使我们过度依赖互联网。一旦出现了问题，我们就会失去很多本该储存在我们脑海中的信息。故答案为“I think it good to change the way we use our memory. With the help of the Internet, we are learning how to organize huge quantities of information. We can store and use more infor
122、mation, which will surely broaden our view and improve work efficiency. So I think its a good thing.”或“I dont think it is a good thing to change the way we use our memory. It will make us rely too much on the Internet. Once there is a problem with it, we will be a loss of much information that shoul
123、d have been stored in our mind. So I dont think thats a good thing.”第二节（20分）44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。因为疫情，你的外教Jim无法回国，写信向你询问寒假期间可以参加的活动。请给他回封邮件，内容包括：1. 推荐一项活动；2. 介绍活动内容；3. 提醒注意事项。注意：1. 词数不少于80；2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,Im sorry to hear that you cant go back home during the w
124、inter vacation. But it doesnt matter. You can experience the relaxing and exciting life here in China.I suggest you visit the Forbidden City. It is a must-see attraction in Beijing. There you can experience the life of the royal family and the way they celebrated the Spring Festival. In addition, yo
125、u can appreciate the beauty of the great treasures on display, which will offer you a great chance to explore the Chinese culture. Usually the Forbidden City will be more beautifully decorated during the Spring Festival with colorful lights and delicate lanterns. You can immerse yourself in the fest
126、ive atmosphere. Im sure the Forbidden City is worth a visit.As for the preparation, you can book the ticket online in advance. Remember to wear a mask while visiting. You can also check the official website for more information.I hope my recommendation can be of some help to you. If there is anythin
127、g else I can do, please let me know. Wish you a happy holiday. (179)Love fromLi Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教Jim回封邮件，告诉他寒假期间可以参加的活动。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 推荐一项活动；2. 介绍活动内容；3. 提醒注意事项。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）a must-see attraction；in addition；on d
128、isplay；immerse oneself in；as for；in advance； be of some help； 第三步：连词成句1.Im sorry to hear that you cant go back home during the winter vacation.2.You can experience the relaxing and exciting life here in China.3.I suggest you visit the Forbidden City.4.It is a must-see attraction in Beijing.5.There y
129、ou can experience the life of the royal family and the way they celebrated the Spring Festival. 6.In addition, you can appreciate the beauty of the great treasures on display, which will offer you a great chance to explore the Chinese culture. 7.Usually the Forbidden City will be more beautifully de
130、corated during the Spring Festival with colorful lights and delicate lanterns. 8.You can immerse yourself in the festive atmosphere. Im sure the Forbidden City is worth a visit.9.As for the preparation, you can book the ticket online in advance.10Remember to wear a mask while visiting. 11.You can al
131、so check the official website for more information.12.I hope my recommendation can be of some help to you. 13.If there is anything else I can do, please let me know. Wish you a happy holiday.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）本文使用了表并列补充关系的衔接词：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore
132、, In addition As well as, not onlybut (also), including,连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，【点睛】高分句型1 In addition, you can appreciate the beauty of the great treasures on display, which will offer you a great chance to explore the Chinese culture. （which引导非限制性定语从句）高分句型2 I hope my recommendation can be of some help to you. （hope后是省略that的宾语从句）高分句型3 If there is anything else I can do, please let me know. （if引导条件状语从句）
