1、UNIT 5 FIRST AID单元目标主题学习目标通过本单元的学习，了解急救的基础知识，加深学生对急救的重要性的理解，培养学生应对突发事件和意外伤害的能力。语言能力目标核心单词technique, organ, ray, radiation, acid, milimetre, minor, victim, fabric, lose, urgent, ease, wrap, bath,slip, mosquito, elderly, carpet, operator, ambulance, delay, nedle, ward, ankle, bled, panic, interupt,scr
2、eam, felow, choke, steak, desperate, practical, fist, qrab, tight, motion, justify, welfare, colapse, foggy,suburb, membership重点词块senseoftouch, electricshock, IVnedle, vitalsign, helpsbtoonesfet, faceup/down, slepin, outofshape单元语法复习和归纳动词-ing形式在句子中的功能和用法。写作能力根据本单元所学的知识、技能和策略, 写一篇关于急救的记叙文, 有条理地叙述自己或他
3、人实施急救的经历。背景导学It is important to know how to give first aid, particularly in life-threatening situations. Examples of these are choking, excessive（过多的）bleeding, drowning, poisoning and the stopping of ones breath or heartbeat. First aid is what a person can do to a wounded or sick person, or on any i
4、mmediate situation that involves（涉及）life-threatening matters, before the doctor arrives.The aims of first aid are: to keep the person alive(This counts for life-threatening and immediate situations.); to stabilize the condition of the person, and lastly, to relieve any pain, discomfort and most impo
5、rtantly, anxiety. Ideally, a first aider is someone who has attended classes on emergency care and has undergone first aid training. But not all of us have the opportunity to receive such training because of our individual work and activities.Almost all of us will have to administer（实施）emergency ass
6、istance at some point. And if so, we would have to use a first aid kit. This is why it is always advised that every home should have a first aid supply, because an emergency knocks on the most unexpected time.1.Which of the following is not the aims of first aid according to the passage?A. To keep t
7、he person alive.B. To stabilize the condition of the person.C. To relieve any pain, discomfort and anxiety.D. To undergo first aid training.答案：D2.Why should every home have a first aid supply?A. Because an emergency can happen unexpectedly at home.B. Because it is important to know how to give first
8、 aid.C. Because first aid is what a person can do to a wounded or sick person at home.D. Because not all of us have the opportunity to receive first aid training.答案：ASection Reading and Thinking自主学习激发潜能. 课文翻译教材原文FIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.
9、Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the suns rays. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious
10、 injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.CAUSES OF BURNSYou can get burnt by a variety of things： hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids or other chemicals.TYPES OF BURNSBurns are divided into three types, depending on the d
11、epth of skin damage.First-degree burns These affect only the top fewmillimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.Second-degree burns These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few we
12、eks to get better. Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.Third-degree burns These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victi
13、m must go to the hospital at once.CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNSFirst-degree burnsdry, red and mildly swollenmildly painfulturn white when pressedSecond-degree burnsred and swollen; blisters; watery surfaceextremely painfulThird-degree burnsblack and whiteswollen; the tissue underneath can often be seenli
14、ttle or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be painful around the edges of the burnFIRST-AID TREATMENT1 Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.2 Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cl
15、oth.3 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.4 Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.5 If burns are on the face, make
16、 sure the victim can still breathe.6 If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.教材译文烧伤急救处理皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是一道屏障, 能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。可想而知, 烧伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的
17、一步就是采取急救措施。烧伤的原因很多东西都会造成烧伤：灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。烧伤的种类根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。一度烧伤：仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。此类烧伤并不严重，如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。二度烧伤：伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复，如灼热的液体造成的烧伤。三度烧伤：伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织，如因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤, 或汽油起火造成的烧伤。此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立即送往医院。烧伤的特点一度烧伤干燥、发红、微肿微痛受压时变白二度烧伤发红、肿胀；起水疱；表
18、层渗液极度疼痛三度烧伤皮肤发黑或变白肿胀；通常可见皮下组织如神经受损, 则微痛或无痛感；创面边缘或有痛感急救处理1将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀。2用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。3如有必要, 用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服, 除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。4用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。5如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸。6如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。. 词汇拓展 millimetre /mli: mi: t（r）/n.毫米；千分之一米 metre /m
19、i: tr/n.米 minor /man（r）/adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的 minority /manrti/n.少数；少数民族 electric /lektrk/adj.电的；用电的；电动的 electricity / lektrsti/n.电 swollen /swln/adj.（身体部位）肿起的；肿胀的 swell /swel/vi.（swelled, swollen）膨胀；肿胀 nerve /nv/n.神经 nervous /nvs/adj.神经紧张的 loose /lu: s/adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的 loosely /lu: sli/adv.宽松地 urgent /dnt
20、/adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的 urge /d/vt.催促；极力主张；驱赶 ease /i: z/vi.&vt.（使）宽慰；减轻；缓解n.容易；舒适；自在 easy /i: zi/adj.容易的. 情境词块1. preventfrom 阻止做2. lead to 导致；通向3. be divided into 被分成4. at once 马上；立刻5. stick to 坚持；粘住6. make sure 确信；证实7. suffer from 忍受；遭受8. 触觉 sense of touch9. 急救 first aid10. 各种各样的 a variety of. 情境佳句1.句型公式
21、as引导的定语从句教材原句As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 可想而知，烧伤会造成严重伤害。中文例句我们大家都知道，遵守交通规则是十分重要的。句式仿写 As we all know , its vital to obey traffic rules.2.句型公式现在分词短语作状语教材原句Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage. 根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。中文例句（2020全国卷）
22、出于对妈妈好意的理解，我满怀感激地吃着她提供的所有食物。句式仿写 Understanding her good intentions , I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation.3.句型公式if省略结构教材原句Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。中文例句如果有可能的话，我将
23、亲自去那里一趟。句式仿写 If possible , Ill go there myself.文本互动合作探究. 文本理解Reading for the main idea.Choose the best answer according to the text.1.The writer writes this passage mainly to D .A.tell us how to protect ourselves from being burnedB.teach us how to do first aidC.introduce the various degrees of burns
24、 to usD.give us some information about first aid for burns2.Match the each part with its main idea.Part 1 A. the three types of burnsPart 2 B. what to do if someone gets burnedPart 3 C. the functions of the skinPart 4 D. the symptoms of burnsPart 5 E. how we get burned答案：Part 1 C Part 2 E Part 3 A P
25、art 4 D Part 5 BReading for the structure.Fill in the blanks with proper words.FIRST AID FOR BURNSFUNCTIONS OF SKINa barrier against 1. , toxins and the suns rays; helping control your body temperature;2. you when things are too hot or cold; giving you your sense of touchCAUSES OF BURNShot liquids,
26、steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids or other chemicalsTYPES OF BURNSFirst-degree burns: not 3. .Second-degree burns: seriousThird-degree burns：every 4. of the skin; sometimes the tissue under itCHARACTERISTICS OF BURNSFirst-degree burns: dry, red and mildly swollen; mildly painful; t
27、urn white when 5. Second-degree burns: red and swollen; blisters; watery surface; extremely painfulThird-degree burns: black and white; swollen; little or no 6. FIRST-AID TREATMENTPlace burns under cool 7. Dry the burnt area 8. Remove any clothesCover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applyin
28、g oil to the 9. is a bad idea.If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still 10. An urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once1. disease 2. warning 3. serious 4. layer 5. pressed 6. pain 7. running water 8. gently with a clean cloth 9. injured areas 10. breathe Reading for the det
29、ails.Choose the best answer according to the text.1.What is your bodys largest organ?A.The head.B.The skin.C.The legs.D.The feet.答案：B2.How many types of burns are there altogether?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.答案：C3.Which is the characteristic first and second-degree burns share?A.Being mildly painful.
30、B.Being dry.C.Being red.D.Blisters.答案：C4.Which of the following is NOT the function of the skin according to the text?A.It protects you against disease, toxins and the suns rays.B.It helps the heart beat.C.It helps control your body temperature.D.It gives you your sense of touch.答案：B5.If someone get
31、s burned and his hands get black and white and the tissue underneath can often be seen, it belongs to .A.the first degreeB.the second degreeC.the third degreeD.none of the above答案：C. 难句突破1. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary , unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin .【分析】是一个
32、祈使句，其中现在分词短语using scissors在句中作方式状语；为省略句，补全后为： if it is necessary ；中unless意为“除非”，在句中引导条件状语从句。【译文】如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。2. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea , as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection .【分析】中动名词短语在主句中作主语；中从属连词as在句中引导原因状语从句， and在该从句中连接两
33、个并列的谓语动词。【译文】在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。. 概要写作Step 1 Question Answering 根据课文内容回答下列问题。1.What is the function of the skin? The skin is an essential part of your body and acts as a barrier against disease. 2.How many types are burns divided into and what are they? Burns are divided into three type
34、s; first-degree burns, second-degree burns and third-degree burns. 3.What can we do with the first-degree burns?Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary.Cover the burnt ar
35、ea with a loose clean cloth.If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe. 4.How can we deal with a victim suffering from second or third-degree burns? We should send him/her to the hospital at once. Step 2 Sentence Rewriting1.使用非限制性定语从句改写第1句。 The skin, which acts as a barrier aga
36、inst disease, is an essential part of your body. 2.使用同位语结构改写第2句。 Burns are divided into three types-first-degree burns, second-degree burns and third-degree burns. 3.使用总结性词汇（common practices）替代第3句中的具体做法。 Some common practices can deal with first-degree burns. 4.使用主从复合句改写第4句。 If the victim is sufferi
37、ng from second or third-degree burns, he/she should be taken to the hospital at once. Step 3 Summary Writing1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。 The skin, which acts as a barrier against disease, is an essential part of your body. Burns are divided into three types-first-degree burns, second-degree burns
38、 and third-degree burns. Some common practices can deal with first-degree burns. However, if the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, he/she should be taken to the hospital at once. 新知清障素养构建核心词汇1. preventfrom阻止做It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from lo
39、sing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. 皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。（教材P50）典例翻译Nothing can prevent me from doing what I want to.没有什么能够阻止我想做的事。He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.他说他们不应该被剥夺为学位而学
40、习的权利。They were kept from going on holiday by their lack of money.他们因缺钱而不能去度假。归纳拓展阻止做 prevent/stop/keepfrom doing 误区警示在“stop/prevent/keepfrom doing”中, stop与prevent结构中的from可以省略, “keepfrom doing”中的from不能省略；在被动语态中, 以上短语中的介词from都不能省略。学以致用（1）单句填空We should prevent the river (from)being polluted (pollute) f
41、urther.Thats the best way you thought of to keep students from getting tired of study.（2）句型转换用被动语态改写句。 The river should be prevented from being polluted further. 2. injury n.（对躯体的）伤害，损伤As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 可想而知，烧伤会造成严重伤害。（教材P50）典例翻译Be careful, or youll
42、 do an injury to yourself.小心，否则你会伤了你自己。The injured were sent to the nearest hospital at once.伤员们立刻被送往最近的医院。归纳拓展（1） do an injury to sb. = do sb. an injury伤害某人（2）injure vt.损害；伤害（3）injured adj.受伤的，委屈的 the injured 伤员（代表一类人；谓语动词常用复数形式）学以致用（1）单句填空What the newspaper reported did a great injury to her fame.
43、These chemicals come from the injured (injure)parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.（2）完成句子我听说她的儿子在事故中受伤了。I heard that her son was injured in the accident .3. minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents. 如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。（教材P50）典例翻译
44、There may be some minor changes to the schedule.时间安排也许会有些小小的变动。The/A minority of population in the country lives/live in cities.这个国家的少数人口住在城市里。The women are in the/a minority in the organization.妇女在这个组织中占少数。归纳拓展（1）少数的 a/the minority of （2）minority n.少数; 少数民族占少数 be in the/a minority 名师点津the minority单
45、独作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。学以致用（1）单句填空Some minority (minor) languages are losing their identities because of the invasion of more popular spoken ones.These troubled students are only in a small minority.（2）完成句子这个问题并不严重, 应该很快就会解决。 The problem is minor , and it should be quickly overcome.4.
46、 urgent adj.紧急的；紧迫的；迫切的If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. 如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。（教材P51）典例翻译In some countries, there is an urgent need for food and water.在一些国家，急需食物和水。They urge the importance of safety.他们强调安全的
47、重要性。There are a lot of old people waiting there urgently.有很多老人正在那里焦急地等待着。In case of urgency, call the police.一旦发生紧急情况，打电话给警察。归纳拓展（1） urge v.力劝；敦促；主张；强烈要求n.强烈的愿望（2） urgently adv.紧急地，急迫地（3） urgency n.紧迫；急迫；急事；紧要学以致用选词填空(urge/urgently/urgent/ urgency)When he was a child, he had an urge to become a film
48、 star.The doctor has been called to an urgent case.She was surprised at the urgency in his voice.The money was most urgently required.5. ease vi.&vt.（使）宽慰；减轻；缓解n.容易；舒适；自在Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it may reduce swelling and ease discomfort. 在烧伤处涂黄油或油有效因为它可以减轻肿胀和缓解不适。（教材P51）典例翻译Walk
49、ing helped to ease him of his pain.散步帮助减轻了他的痛苦。She has an ability to put/set people at ease.她有能力让人们感到不拘束。Now he can set his mind at ease because he has passed the examination with ease.现在他可以放心了，因为他已经轻松地通过了考试。归纳拓展（1）使某人消除/减轻 ease sb. of （2）使某人感到舒适、不拘束 put/set sb. at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 at ease 容易地 with e
50、ase 学以致用（1）单句填空At first, he didnt feel at ease in the strange surroundings but later he adapted to it.We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.（2）完成句子这种音乐有助于减轻他的痛苦。This kind of music helps ease him of his pain .重点句型1. as引导的定语从句As you can imagine, gettin
51、g burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 可想而知，烧伤会造成严重伤害。（教材P50）典例翻译As we all know( = As is known to all), walking every day does good to our health.大家都知道，每天散步对我们的健康有好处。She is late, as is often the case.她迟到了，这是经常的事。As is mentioned above, the number of the people who exercise in the morning, is incr
52、easing.正如上面提到的，晨练的人数在增加。归纳拓展（1）众所周知 as is known to all/as we all know （2）这是常有的事 as is often the case （3）正如上面所提到的 as is mentioned above 学以致用完成句子 As we all know/As is known to all , friendship always comes first.我们都知道，友谊总是第一位的。The hall, as is often the case , becomes very crowded.大厅里变得非常拥挤，情况常常如此。 As
53、is mentioned above , where there is a will, there is a way.如上所述，有志者事竟成。2. if省略结构Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。（教材P51）典例翻译Id like to help you find a proper host family nearby the university i
54、f necessary.如果有必要的话，我想帮助你在大学附近找到一个合适的寄宿家庭。If so, it is time for you to think again.如果这样的话，你需要再考虑一下了。I think theres a train at midday. If not, youll have to wait till 12：30.我想正午会有一班火车。要是没有，你只好等到12点半了。I hope you could appreciate that I must spare no effort to do well in my final exam if possible.如果可能的
55、话我希望你能理解，我必须不遗余力地在期末考试当中考好。归纳拓展（1）如果是这样的话 if so （2）如果不是这样的话 if not （3）如果有可能 if possible （4）if ever如果有过/发生过的话（5）if any如果有的话学以致用完成句子Do you agree that I will put off our visit to Yunnan? If so , write back to tell me about it as soon as possible.你赞同我推迟我们去云南的旅行吗？如果赞同, 请尽快写信告诉我。Theclimatehereisquitepleas
56、ant, thetemperaturerarely, if ever , reaching 30 in summer.这里的气候宜人, 在夏季温度如果曾经有过也极少达到30摄氏度。I might see you tomorrow. If not , then itll be Saturday.我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就在周六。Walk around every hour or so, if possible .如果可能，每隔大约一个小时都走动走动。素养达标迁移创新. 语境填词根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。1.The victim （受害者） suffered a seriou
57、s injury and lost a lot of blood.2.I look for the discount store advertised in the leaflet （传单）.3.As we can see, her self-confidence develops alongside her technique （技能）.4.In the nearest hospital, the boy was treated for a minor （轻微的）head wound.5.The waiter told us these wines might taste rather ha
58、rd and somewhat acid （酸的）.6.A huge blister （水泡） covered the right side of my face.7.If a tooth feels very loose （松的）, your dentist may recommend that it be taken out.8.The heart is one of the most important organs （器官） for human beings, birds and animals.9.When she did some cleaning, she found a lot
59、 of dust underneath （在底下） the carpet.10.I brought the garden chairs in from outside and wrapped （包；裹） some fabric on the seats. 语境选词根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。a sense of touch; a variety of; be divided into; depend on; do oneself an injury; electric shock; lead to; preventfrom; stick to; a part of1.It is rep
60、orted that robots, just like human beings, can have a sense of touch .2.Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.3.The firewall cannot prevent the Internet from being attacked completely.4.The circle is divided into sections, and each section represent
61、s a fraction of the data.5.Whether to go out or stay in the dorm depends on the weather.6.He got burned so badly that his clothes stuck to his skin.7.There will be a variety of exhibits in the exhibition in Italy.8.If you try to lift that heavy suitcase, you will do yourself an injury .9.Many people
62、 assume that too much work can lead to stress.10.I do it because its a part of my job. 课文语法填空The skin, 1. acts as a barrier against disease, toxins and the suns rays, is an essential part of your body. 2. (get) burnt can lead to very serious injuries. You can get burnt by a variety of things. Burns
63、3. (divide) into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage. First-degree burns are not serious, 4. (affect) only the top few millimetres of the skin. Second-degree burns are serious and take 5. few weeks 6. (get) better. Third-degree burns affect every layer of the skin. These burns cause v
64、ery severe internal 7. (injury) and the victim must go to the hospital at once. As for the first-aid treatment for burns, the following advice may be 8. (help). Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. Dry the burnt area 9. (gentle) with a clean cloth. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary. Cover the burnt area 10. a loose clean cloth. If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe. 1. which 2. Getting 3. are divided 4. affecting 5. a 6. to get 7. injuries 8. helpful 9. gently 10. with
