1、主旨大意题专题训练对应学生用书P076 1(2019全国卷)Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her ebook as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtels “me” time. And like more Americans, shes not alone.A new report found 46 percent of
2、meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you kno
3、w？”Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling en
4、ergized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a firstname basis if he wants to have a little i
5、nteraction(交流). “I reflect on how my days gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “Its a chance for selfreflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about
6、asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesnt feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.【语篇解读】本文体裁为说明文。主题语境为人与社会，主题语境内
7、容为社会交往。现如今，在美国，越来越多的人选择自己吃饭，他们希望以此争取一些自己独处的时间。本文侧重培养学生的文化意识。1What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?AFood variety.BEating habits.CTable manners.DRestaurant service.解析细节理解题。本题题干意为“第二段中的数据是关于什么的？”根据第二段“A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent)
8、 have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.”可知，本段中出现的数据都体现了人们吃饭的习惯，所以选择B项。A.食物的多样性；C.餐桌礼仪；D.餐厅服务。答案B2Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?ATo meet with her c
9、oworkers.BTo catch up with her work.CTo have some time on her own.DTo collect data for her report.解析细节理解题。本题题干意为“为什么Bechtel更愿意出去吃午餐？”根据第三段的最后一句“Today，I just wanted some time to myself”可知答案为C项。答案C3What do we know about Mazoleny?AHe makes videos for the bar.BHes fond of the food at the bar.CHe intervi
10、ews customers at the bar.DHes familiar with the barkeeper.解析细节理解题。本题题干意为“关于Mazoleny我们知道些什么？”根据题干中的人名Mazoleny可知答案应在第四段寻找。根据第四段的第二句“He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a firstname basis if he wants to have a little interaction.”可知，他和服务员很熟，故答案
11、为D项。A.他为餐馆拍视频；B.他喜欢这个餐馆的食物；C.他在这个餐馆采访顾客。答案D4What is the text mainly about?AThe trend of having meals alone.BThe importance of selfreflection.CThe stress from working overtime.DThe advantage of wireless technology.解析主旨大意题。本题题干意为“本文的主要内容是什么？”文章最后一段出现了关键词eat alone，第三段和第四段举了两个人独自吃饭的例子。整篇文章都是围绕着eat alone
12、展开的，与A项中的having meals alone相匹配，故答案为A项。B.自我反省的重要性；C.加班带来的压力；D.无线科技的优点。答案A2(2019浙江卷)California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素)The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 p
13、ercent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 per
14、cent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left C
15、alifornia forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源)But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in w
16、ildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they neede
17、d, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪)Since the 1930s，McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmel
18、t, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主题语境为人与自然，主题语境内容是人与植物。文章的主要内容是关于加利福尼亚大树死亡的原因分析。文章侧重于培养学生有关自然环境、人类生存与环境的关系方面的素养。1What is the second paragraph mainly about?AThe seriousness of bigtree loss in California.BThe increasing variety of California big
19、 trees.CThe distribution of big trees in California forests.DThe influence of farming on big trees in California.解析推理判断题。本题题干意为“文章第二段的主要内容是什么？”文章第二段用比较翔实的数据陈述了加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况。因此A项(加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况)符合题意。B.加利福尼亚大树多样性的增加；C.加利福尼亚森林中大树的分布；D.农业对加利福尼亚大树的影响。答案A2.Which of the following is wellintentioned but ma
20、y be bad for big trees?AEcological studies of forests.BBanning woodcutting.CLimiting housing development.DFire control measures.解析推理判断题。本题题干意为“下面哪种措施用意良好，但对大树有可能是有害的？”根据文章第三段中的“Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(
21、资源)(激进的野火控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，而这些小树会与大树争夺资源)”可知，控制野火的用意是好的，但是，似乎对大树并不好，故D项(火的控制措施)正确。A.森林的生态研究；B.树木砍伐禁令；C.限制住房开发。答案D3What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?AInadequate snowmelt.BA longer dry season.CA warmer climate. DDampness of the air.解析细节理解题。本题题干意为“根据McIntyre的说法，缺水的主要原因是
22、什么？”根据文章最后一段可知，McIntyre认为自从20世纪30年代以来，缺水的主要原因是温度的上升。所以C项(更热的气候)符合题意。A.融雪不足；B.更长的旱季；D.空气潮湿。答案C4What can be a suitable title for the text?ACalifornias Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?BCutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonCWhy Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?DPatrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California解析主旨大意题。本题题干意为“本文合适的标题是什么？”本文的主要内容是加利福尼亚大树死亡原因的分析。文章的核心信息是California，big trees，loss。因此A项是比较合适的题目，包括了文章的核心信息。B.加利福尼亚将很快禁止砍伐大树；C.为什么大树对加利福尼亚森林是重要的？；D.Patrick McIntyre：在加利福尼亚种更多的大树。答案A
