1、北京市昌平区20202021学年度第一学期期末质量检测高三英语试卷(考试时间90分钟 满分100分)第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。In midair I guessed whether I should do this. I fell. My knees hurt, but I _1_ practicing. “Five, six, seven, eight,” my coach shouted again with even mo
2、re determination. I clapped, and the sound echoed (回响) throughout the gym. Again I _2_. My coach did not shout at me, but I could sense her _3_; after all, I feel the same, too.A standing back tuck the most challenging skill in cheerleading. For me it is very difficult. Perhaps it is the mental _4_
3、more than my capabilities that causes me to land flat on my face. I knew I _5_ the talent for such a skill, but I was terrified. I was afraid to fall.The practice almost ended in tears because of the great disappointment. I admitted that I felt like _6_. I did not want to let myself down nor my team
4、mates, but I was _7_ by my efforts. I could accept falling, but I could not accept walking away from something I had put so many hours and much energy into, so I _8_ myself to practice in my free time. As I practiced, I realized that my mistakes were unavoidable. I could not _9_ the skill, if I did
5、not know how to do it, or better yet, how not to. Every morning，I am up before the rising sun, attempting what some people might call impossible, but I tell myself, “If it was easy, everybody could do it.”“Five, six, seven, eight,” my coach said rhythmically. My body sprung into motion, and I landed
6、 on the floor. The feeling of accomplishment went beyond my body. The previous defeats meant nothing because I have _10_!1. A. enjoyedB. stoppedC. keptD. forgot2. A. clappedB. cheeredC. shoutedD. fell3. A. disappointmentB. patienceC. embarrassmentD. surprise4. A. powerB. painC. mistakeD. fear5. A. l
7、ackedB. ownedC. appreciatedD. discovered6. A. sleepingB. askingC. quittingD. relieving7. A. movedB. discouragedC. strengthenedD. scared8. A. allowedB. wishedC. pushedD. invited9. A. masterB. showC. testD. teach10. A. expectedB. toleratedC. waitedD. succeeded【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8.
8、C 9. A 10. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在啦啦队练习中数次摔倒，作者和教练都感到失望，但是作者凭借着努力，不断刻苦练习，最终成功完成了动作。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的膝盖疼，但我继续练习。A. enjoyed欣赏；B. stopped停止；C. kept保持，继续；D. forgot忘记。根据上文“My knees hurt, but I”可知but表示转折，说明作者虽然膝盖疼，但是坚持继续练习。故选C。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我再次摔倒。A. clapped拍手；B. cheered欢呼；C. shouted叫喊；D. fell落下，摔倒。
9、对应上文“I fell.”指作者再次摔倒。故选D。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的教练没有对我喊叫，但我能感觉到她的失望；毕竟，我也有同感。A. disappointment失望；B. patience耐心；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. surprise惊讶。上文提到作者两次摔倒，可推测作者的教练对此肯定是失望的。故选A。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许是心理上的恐惧，而不是我的能力，让我摔得面目全非。A. power力量；B. pain痛苦；C. mistake错误；D. fear恐惧。根据上文“For me it is very difficult.”以及后文
10、“I was afraid to fall.”可知这个动作很难，作者害怕摔倒，所以是心理上有恐惧。故选D。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我有这个天赋，但我很害怕。A. lacked缺少；B. owned拥有；C. appreciated欣赏；D. discovered发现。根据后文“the talent for such a skill, but I was terrified”可知but表示转折，说明作者其实是有这个天赋的，但是自己很害怕。故选B。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我承认我想放弃。A. sleeping睡觉；B. asking询问；C. quitting放弃；D
11、. relieving减轻。根据上文“The practice almost ended in tears because of the great disappointment. I admitted that I felt like”可知作者的训练不顺利，训练几乎以眼泪收场，所以承认自己内心其实也想放弃了。故选C。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不想让自己失望，也不想让队友失望，但是我的努力让我灰心。A. moved移动；B. discouraged使灰心；C. strengthened加强；D. scared使害怕。对应上文“The practice almost ended in
12、 tears because of the great disappointment.”作者坚持去练习动作了，但还是摔倒，所以是作者的努力让自己灰心。故选B。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可以接受摔倒，但我不能接受从我投入了那么多时间和精力的事情上走开，所以我强迫自己在空闲时间练习。A. allowed允许；B. wished希望；C. pushed推；D. invited邀请。结合后文“myself to practice in my free time”指作者强迫自己在空闲时间里练习，push oneself to do sth.“强迫自己做某事”。故选C。【9题详解】考查动词词义
13、辨析。句意：如果我不知道怎么做，或者不知道该不怎么做，我就无法掌握这项技能。A. master掌握；B. show展示；C. test测试；D. teach教学。根据后文宾语“the skill”指掌握技能，应用master。故选A。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：以前的失败毫无意义，因为我成功了！A. expected期待；B. tolerated容忍；C. waited等待；D. succeeded成功。根据上文“My body sprung into motion, and I landed on the floor. The feeling of accomplishment w
14、ent beyond my body.”可知作者成功了，以前的失败变得毫无意义。故选D。第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A clay pig _11_ (find) in Lianhe Ruins in Sichuan province in 2019. It is estimated to be about 3,000 years old. _12_ makes this finding unusual is its adorable ap
15、pearance. The clay pig looks exactly like the green pig from The Angry Birds movie. _13_ (it) cute image has left the Chinese netizens surprised and delighted, with many people joking that The Angry Birds character has traveled back in time to prehistoric days. The topic _14_ (attract) 400 million v
16、iews and 290,000 discussions since the pig was discovered.【答案】11. was found 12. What 13. Its 14. has attracted/has been attracting【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一只在四川省联合河遗址出土的陶土猪引起了中国网民热议。【11题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：2019年，在四川省联合河遗址发现了一只陶土猪。根据时间状语in 2019可知用一般过去时。主语clay pig与find之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was found。【12题详解】考查名词性从句。句
17、意：这个发现的不同寻常之处在于它可爱的外表。分析句子结构可知，这里为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且指物，所以连接词what。故填What。【13题详解】考查代词。句意：它的可爱形象让中国网民又惊又喜，许多人开玩笑说，愤怒的小鸟角色穿越到了史前时代。修饰名词image，前用形容词性物主代词。故填Its。【14题详解】考查时态。句意：自这只猪被发现以来，这个话题已经吸引了4亿的浏览量和29万的讨论量。根据时间状语since the pig was discovered.可知用现在完成时，表示到现在为止；或使用现在完成进行时，表示该动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，并且未来一段时间内还会继续延续下去。故
18、填has attracted/has been attracting。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。When I decided to return to school at age thirty-five, I wasnt at all worried about my ability _15_ (do) the work. After all, I was a grown woman who had raised a family, not a confused teenager fresh
19、out of high school. But when I started classes, I realized that those “confused teenagers” sitting around me were in much _16_(good) shape for college than I was. They still had all their classroom skills in bright, shiny condition, _17_ mine had grown rusty（生锈的） from disuse. I had to learn many thi
20、ngs from the beginning.【答案】15. to do 16. better 17. while / but【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述作者35岁重返校园时的学习状况。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我决定在35岁时重返校园时，我一点也不担心我的工作能力。名词ability后接不定式作定语。故填to do。【16题详解】考查比较级。句意：但是当我开始上课的时候，我意识到那些坐在我周围的“迷茫的青少年”要比我更适合上大学。根据than和much可知，用形容词的比较级形式。故填better。【17题详解】考查连词。句意：他们仍然在明亮、闪闪发光的环境中学习着所有的
21、课堂技能，但我的技能已经因为不用而生锈了。根据句意，前后句之间为转折关系，所以用转折连词。故填while / but。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。When the clock strikes 2:30 in the afternoon, how do you usually feel? If you often feel tired and sleepy around this time, youre not alone! This tiredness, _18_ (know) as the 2
22、:30 feeling, is caused by your bodys natural cycle. Most people feel a big decrease _19_ energy in the early afternoon and at night. During these times, your body temperature goes down. A chemical _20_ causes you to feel tired is also released as your temperature lowers.【答案】18. known 19. in 20. whic
23、h/that【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了为什么人们到了每天下午两点半左右的时候就会感到又困又累。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种被称为两点半的疲倦感是由身体的自然循环引起的。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，此处应使用非谓语动词形式。know与This tiredness为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作定语，故填known。【19题详解】考查介词。句意：大多数人在下午早些时候和晚上会感到精力大幅下降。a decrease in sth.在减少，固定短语，这里是指下午早些时候“精力”会感到下降，故填in。【20题详解】考查定语从句。句意：随着体温降低，一种会让你感到疲劳的化学物
24、质也会释放出来。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为A chemical，指物，在从句中充当主语，所以要用which或者that引导。故填which/that。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AInternational Film Festival Rotterdam (IFFR) is the biggest ticketed cultural event in The Netherlands. It aims to offer some good
25、 worldwide independent, innovative cinema and visual arts. One can visit cinema-related exhibitions and events, go to film screenings, or take part in the extensive professional programme. To make all of this happen, IFFR relies on the support of close to a 1000 devoted volunteers every year. Want t
26、o be part of the team? You can read all about our volunteer opportunities below.How to sign upYou can sign up to volunteer by filling in the online registration form. If you have volunteered with us before, you will receive an email invitation to re-apply for the upcoming edition. As soon as we have
27、 more information on any openings for this year, well get in touch with you to schedule a training meeting.What do we expect from you?In order to volunteer at IFFR, youll need to:Be 18 years or overHave a good understanding of either the Dutch or English languageHave an EU passport or Dutch residenc
28、e permitBe available for a minimum of 28 hours during the festival periodThe majority of your shifts will be during the festival itself. However, depending on the position youll fill, there might be additional shifts scheduled before the festival or after.We expect all volunteers to make their own a
29、rrangements in terms of travel and accommodation. Unfortunately were not able to cover any expenses at this point.What to expect from us?Wed like to ask volunteers to sign up in the spirit of supporting the festival. Now, more than ever, well need your help in carrying out the vision of IFFR and in
30、providing a platform for stories and voices from all over the world.Other than our gratitude and appreciation, volunteering at IFFR can offer you benefits such as relevant working experience, new friends and the unique opportunity to experience the festival from the inside out.Furthermore we offer o
31、ur volunteers:An invitation to a number of (social) activities organized only for the volunteer community.Sandwiches, snacks and drinks during your shiftThe IFFR 2021 baga Festival Crew t-shirtOf course we also offer you opportunities to watch a selection of the festivals fantastic film programme. M
32、ore information on this will follow at a later date.21. The goal of IFFR is to_.A. offer some volunteer opportunitiesB. arouse peoples interest in cultural eventsC. introduce the Neitherlands to more peopleD. provide some good creative visual works22. To become a volunteer of IFFR, one needs _.A. to
33、 be under 18 years oldB. to send an application onlineC. to promise to work for 18 hoursD. to speak both English and Dutch fluently23. What does IFFR offer its volunteers?A. Opportunities to become a film-maker.B. Chances to travel in the country for free.C. Invitations to other good film festivals.
34、D. Access to watching some good movies.【答案】21. D 22. B 23. D【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则鹿特丹国际电影节（IFFR）招募志愿者的公告，文中介绍了如何报名、要求和可以提供的服务等信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“It aims to offer some good worldwide independent, innovative cinema and visual arts.(它的目标是在世界范围内提供一些优秀的独立、创新的电影和视觉艺术)”可知，IFFR的目标是提供一些好的创意视觉艺术作品。故选D。22题详解】细节
35、理解题。根据How to sign up部分中“You can sign up to volunteer by filling in the online registration form.(你可以通过填写在线登记表来报名成为志愿者)”可知，要成为IFFR的志愿者，你需要在网上提交申请。故选B。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Of course we also offer you opportunities to watch a selection of the festivals fantastic film programme.(当然，我们也会为您提供观看电影节精彩电影节目的机
36、会)”可知，IFFR为志愿者提供观看一些好电影的途径。故选D。BOut of a home bakery in Bowie, Maryland, a young entrepreneur creates treats that are as delicious as they are helpful. For each cupcake this baker sells, he gives one away to someone in need. Behind the operation is 14-year-old Michael Platt.Platt started baking with
37、 his grandmother at nine years old, and by 11, he has opened his own business. He calls his company “Michaels Desserts”. “I knew I wanted to start a business, but I didnt really know how to do it, I guess,” Platt told the reporter while baking peppermint chocolate cupcakes at home.“My parents got me
38、 a pair of Toms shoes for Christmas. And Tom Shoes business model is one-for-one, which is my business model,” he said.Platt recently got an order for a few dozen cupcakes, and as promised, he doubled the order and packed up the extra cupcakes to bring to a homeless shelter. The teen visits several
39、shelters in the DMV area, and he also hands out cupcakes to homeless people on the street.“Running a business, especially at my age is kind of hard,” he said. “Because I have to do other stuff while my friends are at the park or something. But, its also really fun because I get to have an experience
40、 a lot of people dont get to have.”Platts mom often comes to help bake large orders and his parents will transport the donated cupcakes. “When your kids say theyre interested in doing something so positive, youre going to do what any parent does and make it work,” she said.Platt hopes to open a pay-
41、what-you-can grocery store for people who want to shop for affordable items. The nonprofit also offers classes for grocery shopping on a budget and gardening to give people more food options.As if running the bakery and charity wasnt enough, Platt partners with No Kid Hungry and raises money for the
42、 organization which helps children in need of food. Hes also been a contestant on Food Networks “Kids Baking Championship.”On top of all of that, Platt recently gave a TED talk on being a young entrepreneur. He hopes his story inspires people to help others. “Kids can do what they love to do and als
43、o be able to help people,” he said as he iced his peppermint cupcakes.24. What inspired Platt to start his one-for-one business?A. A shoe company.B. His baking skills.C. A homeless shelter.D. His mothers support.25 What does Platt think of running a business?A Worthy.B. Easy.C. Amusing.D. Relaxing.2
44、6. What does the passage intend to tell the readers?A. It is good to learn from other people.B. Family support leads to peoples success.C. A youth with love can make a big difference.D. Success always favors those who are prepared.【答案】24. A 25. A 26. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了14岁的Michael Platt发明了一种既美味又有益的
45、点心。这个面包师每卖一个小蛋糕，就会送一个给有需要的人。文章介绍了Platt创立这门生意的起因以及他们的运营流程，Platt希望他的故事能激励人们去帮助别人。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“My parents got me a pair of Toms shoes for Christmas. And Tom Shoes business model is one-for-one, which is my business model,” he said.(他说：“我父母给我买了一双Tom的鞋子作为圣诞节礼物。Tom Shoes的商业模式是一对一的，这也是我的商业模式。”)”可知，是一
46、家鞋业公司启发Platt开始他的一对一生意。故选A。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Running a business, especially at my age is kind of hard,” he said. “Because I have to do other stuff while my friends are at the park or something. But, its also really fun because I get to have an experience a lot of people dont get to have.”(“经营企业，尤其是在
47、我这个年纪，有点困难，”他说。“因为当我的朋友在公园或什么的时候，我必须做其他的事情。但是，这也很有趣，因为我有了很多人没有的经历。”)”可推知，Platt认为经营企业是值得的。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Out of a home bakery in Bowie, Maryland, a young entrepreneur creates treats that are as delicious as they are helpful. For each cupcake this baker sells, he gives one away to someone in n
48、eed. Behind the operation is 14-year-old Michael Platt.(在马里兰州鲍伊的一家家庭面包店里，一位年轻的企业家发明了一种既美味又有益的点心。这个面包师每卖一个小蛋糕，就会送一个给有需要的人。这次行动的幕后主使是14岁的Michael Platt)”结合文章主要介绍了14岁的Michael Platt发明了一种既美味又有益的点心。这个面包师每卖一个小蛋糕，就会送一个给有需要的人。文章介绍了Platt创立这门生意的起因以及他们的运营流程，Platt希望他的故事能激励人们去帮助别人。可推知，这篇文章想告诉读者一个有爱心的年轻人也能产生很大影响。故选
49、C。CScientists have discovered an astonishing number of Antarctic blue whales in the waters off the coast of South Georgia, an island in the South Atlantic Ocean, suggesting decades of conservation efforts are paying off.During a 23-day survey, a team of researchers from the British Antarctic Survey(
50、BAS) counted 55 animals. Dr. Trevor Branch, a scientist from the University of Washington, who specializes in studying blue whales, said the number was truly amazing.In the last century, Antarctic blue whales were nearly hunted to extinction for their blubber, a thick layer of fat that marine animal
51、s have under their skin to keep their bodies warm. Hunters used the blubber for oil to use in products like soap or fuel for oil lamps. Around South Australia, more than 33000 whales are believed to have been killed. A hunting ban was introduced in 1966, but by that time the whales were critically e
52、ndangered. In 2018 there were reported to be only around 3000 Antarctic blue whales left.These sightings by the BAS team, helped by scientists from the University of Auckland in New Zealand, are a positive sign that the population is increasing.“In a period of 40 or 50 years, I only had records for
53、two sightings of blue whales around South Georgia,” Dr. Branch told the reporter. “So to go from basically nothing to 55 in one year is astonishing.” The cold water around South Georgia has always been popular with whales because it is crowded with krill, tiny shrimp-like creatures that are the whal
54、es favorite food.The high count was so unusual that other scientists wondered whether it was a one-off, perhaps caused by usually high number of krill temporarily attracting whales from other areas. However, Dr. Jennifer Jackson from BAS says the quantity of krill was no different from other years.
55、Shes confident the population growth shown in the recordings is real and down to the protection that the whales now have. This remains to be seen, but it is highly suggested that when the next assessment is released, most likely at the end of 2021, it could show a further increase in the number of A
56、ntarctic blue whales. With the comeback of the whale, this could be an inspiration for environmental campaigns that still have progress to make.27. Para. 3 is mainly about _.A. the effect of the hunting banB. the efforts to save blue whalesC. the importance of blue whalesD. the danger that blue whal
57、es faced28. What can we infer about the blue whales from the passage?A. They will not be endangered in the near future.B. The number of them rises because their food increases.C. More conservation activities will be held to protect them.D. The coast of South Georgia offered them suitable temperature
58、.29. As for other scientists opinion on the high count, Dr. Jennifer Jackson is _.A. supportiveB. disapprovingC. fearfulD. uncertain30. What is the best title of the passage?A. An Amazing Secret of Blue WhalesB. Blue Whales Makes Surprise ComebackC. The Best Way to Protect Blue WhalesD. Blue Whales
59、Set New Trends in Conservation【答案】27. D 28. C 29. B 30. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。科学家在南大西洋的南乔治亚岛附近海域发现数量惊人的南极蓝鲸，这表明数十年的保护努力正在取得成效。文章主要说明了蓝鲸曾经所面临的危险，以及研究人员对这一现象的看法。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“In the last century, Antarctic blue whales were nearly hunted to extinction for their blubber, a thick layer of fat that marine ani
60、mals have under their skin to keep their bodies warm. Hunters used the blubber for oil to use in products like soap or fuel for oil lamps. Around South Australia, more than 33000 whales are believed to have been killed. A hunting ban was introduced in 1966, but by that time the whales were criticall
61、y endangered. In 2018 there were reported to be only around 3000 Antarctic blue whales left.(在上个世纪，南极蓝鲸因其鲸脂而几近灭绝。鲸脂是海洋动物皮下用来保暖的一层厚厚的脂肪。猎人用鲸脂作为油，用于制作肥皂或油灯燃料等产品。在南澳大利亚，超过33000头鲸鱼被捕杀。1966年开始禁止捕杀鲸鱼，但那时鲸鱼已经濒临灭绝。据报道，2018年南极蓝鲸只剩下约3000头)”可知，第3段主要是关于蓝鲸曾经所面临的危险。故选D。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Shes confident the popu
62、lation growth shown in the recordings is real and down to the protection that the whales now have. This remains to be seen, but it is highly suggested that when the next assessment is released, most likely at the end of 2021, it could show a further increase in the number of Antarctic blue whales. W
63、ith the comeback of the whale, this could be an inspiration for environmental campaigns that still have progress to make.( 她相信，记录中显示的数量增长是真实的，而且归功于鲸鱼现在受到的保护。这还有待观察，但强烈建议，当下一次评估发布时，很可能是在2021年底，它可能会显示南极蓝鲸的数量进一步增加。随着鲸鱼的回归，这可能会对仍有进展的环保运动有所启发)”可推知，将会举行更多的保护活动来保护蓝鲸。故选C。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The high count
64、was so unusual that other scientists wondered whether it was a one-off, perhaps caused by usually high number of krill temporarily attracting whales from other areas. However, Dr. Jennifer Jackson from BAS says the quantity of krill was no different from other years.(如此之高的数量是如此的不寻常，以至于其他科学家怀疑这是否是一次性
65、的，可能是由于大量的磷虾暂时吸引了其他地区的鲸鱼。然而，BAS的Jennifer Jackson博士说，磷虾的数量与往年没有什么不同)”可推知，Jennifer Jackson博士对其他科学家的看法表示反对。故选B。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists have discovered an astonishing number of Antarctic blue whales in the waters off the coast of South Georgia, an island in the South Atlantic Ocean, suggesting dec
66、ades of conservation efforts are paying off.(科学家在南大西洋的南乔治亚岛附近海域发现数量惊人的南极蓝鲸，这表明数十年的保护努力正在取得成效)”结合文章主要说明了蓝鲸曾经所面临的危险，以及研究人员对这一现象的看法。可知，故B选项“蓝鲸数量出人意料地有所恢复”最符合文章标题。故选B。DThe constant rise of global demand for protein poses a threat of meat shortage in the agricultural sector. To address this, a few scient
67、ists use artificial meat as an alternative to traditional ones, which from the growing process to its benefits proves it does no harm or even it does good to us.Currently, one of the most advanced techniques to grow meat in the lab involves taking cells from an animal and changing them to muscle cel
68、ls. The cells are then cultured with nutrients and essential vitamins and can be developed to any quantity and then shaped into hamburgers, steaks or mince, and so it is also called “cultured” meat. “Cultured meat is not genetically engineered,” Dr. Mark Post of Maastricht University says. “It is me
69、at grown from the same cells that produce the meat in the cow, but this time outside the cow.” He believes that cultured meat shouldnt be any better or worse for you than old-school animal flesh.This may sound like science fiction, but it is not such a strange idea and there are reasons to be excite
70、d about it. “The environment impacts of cultured meat could be lower than those of meat produced in the conventional way,” said Hanna Tuomisto, a researcher at Oxford University. The process would require between 7% and 45% less energy than the same volume of conventionally produced meat such as por
71、k, beef or lamb, and could be engineered to use only 1% of the land and 4% of the water associated with conventional meat. Tuomistos research also shows that cultured meat could be part of the solution to feeding the worlds growing population, at the same time cutting emissions and saving both energ
72、y and water.Aside from the above benefits, cultured meat should also provide cheap nutrition. Animal protein is an increasing part of diets, as millions of people in rapidly emerging economies are drawn out of poverty and become able to afford more meat in their diets. The pressure this creates has
73、been an important factor in rapidly rising grain prices, deforestation in the Amazon basin, increasing water shortage and rising pressure to find new farmland. Growing meat artificially could potentially take huge pressure off farmlands around the world.Another benefit would be to help animal welfar
74、e and protect endangered species. If most of our meat was grown, there would be no need for factory farms. Conditions for animals could be greatly improved. Elsewhere, it could also stop illegal endangered species hunts by providing an alternative way to produce meat form these species.Exactly how l
75、ong it takes before the meat is sold in supermarkets depends on the investment in research and development. One thing seems clear: Unless vegetarianism catches on in a very big way, the worlds demand for meat will soon outpace our supply of cows, chickens, pigs and other edible animals. The health a
76、nd environmental impacts of cultured meat arent going to be hypothetical for much longer.31. What does the underlined word “cultured” probably mean?A. grown.B. sorted.C. connected.D. shaped.32. Compared with traditional meat, the artificial meat_.A. tastes much betterB. contains more nutrientsC. sav
77、es more natural resourcesD. changes peoples habit of eating meat33. The author tries to persuade the readers to accept his argument mainly by_.A. comparing the results from different researchesB. explaining the advantages of the artificial meatC. presenting the problems caused by meat shortageD. sho
78、wing the current situation of food consumption34 Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?I: introduction P: point SP: sub-point C: conclusionA. B. C. D. 【答案】31. A 32. C 33. B 34. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。全球对蛋白质需求的持续增长对农业部门的肉类短缺构成了威胁。为了解决这个问题，一些科学家使用人造肉作为传统肉类的替代品，从其生长过程到好处都证明了它对我们没有伤害，甚至对我们有好处。
79、文章主要介绍了人造肉的培育过程以及好处，最后指出除非素食主义大规模流行起来，否则世界对肉类的需求将很快超过我们对牛、鸡、猪和其他可食用动物的供应。【31题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Currently, one of the most advanced techniques to grow meat in the lab involves taking cells from an animal and changing them to muscle cells.(目前，在实验室中培养肉的最先进技术之一就是从动物身上提取细胞，然后将其转化为肌肉细胞)”以及后文“with nutrients
80、 and essential vitamins and can be developed to any quantity and then shaped into hamburgers, steaks or mince, and so it is also called “cultured” meat.”可知，这些细胞要与营养物质和必需维生素一起培养，发育成任意数量，然后制成汉堡包、牛排或肉末，因此它也被称为“培养”肉。即画线词意思为“培养”。A. grown.培养，生长；B. sorted.分类；C. connected.连接；D. shaped.成形。故选A。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据
81、第三段中“The environment impacts of cultured meat could be lower than those of meat produced in the conventional way,” said Hanna Tuomisto, a researcher at Oxford University. The process would require between 7% and 45% less energy than the same volume of conventionally produced meat such as pork, beef
82、or lamb, and could be engineered to use only 1% of the land and 4% of the water associated with conventional meat. Tuomistos research also shows that cultured meat could be part of the solution to feeding the worlds growing population, at the same time cutting emissions and saving both energy and wa
83、ter.( “人工培养肉对环境的影响可能比传统方式生产的肉更低，”牛津大学研究员Hanna Tuomisto说。与同样体积的传统肉类，如猪肉、牛肉或羊肉相比，这一过程需要的能量要少7%到45%，而且通过工程改造，传统肉类只需要1%的土地和4%的水。Tuomisto的研究还表明，培养肉可能是解决世界人口增长问题的一部分，同时减少排放，节约能源和水)”可知，与传统肉类相比，人造肉类节省了更多的自然资源。故选C。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Aside from the above benefits, cultured meat should also provide cheap nutr
84、ition.(除了上述好处，培养肉还应该提供物美价廉的营养)”以及第五段“Another benefit would be to help animal welfare and protect endangered species.(另一个好处是有利于动物福利和保护濒危物种)”可推知，作者试图通过解释人造肉的优点来说服读者接受他的论点。故选B。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容，第一段引入文章中心话题：一些科学家使用人造肉作为传统肉类的替代品；第二段为第二个论点，介绍人造肉的培育过程，同时第二段包含第一个分论点“人工培养的肉并不比传统的动物肉更好或更坏”；第三段介绍人造肉节省了更多的自然资
85、源的优点、第四段介绍了培养肉还应该提供物美价廉的营养、第五段指出人造肉有利于动物福利和保护濒危物种；最后一段进行总结。C最符合文章结构，故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Give Feedback that People Will Listen toIf we want to grow as people, we cant just rely on our own evaluation of how were doing. _35_ Receiving feedback from
86、peers (同辈) can help us see the bigger picture and show us a path forward to success. However, someone has to give that feedback, and sometimes, that someone will be you. How should you approach this?First, if you spot a situation in which some feedback would be helpful, give it as soon as you can. I
87、f you wait until the matter fades from the persons mind, they might not understand what youre trying to tell them. _36_When youre giving feedback, its important to keep in mind that no one likes to be told theyre doing a bad job. _37_ Like the saying goes, “A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go
88、down.”All good feedback shares a few key elements. First, it should help accomplish a specific goal. Its less useful to tell your friend that their dish tastes “interesting” than it is to suggest adding a little salt to improve the flavor. Feedback should also look toward the future. _38_ Tell your
89、friend they should take more notes in class instead of talking about how they should have studied harder for the big biology exam they failed._39_ If someone said that you were boring in your speech, would you know how to fix it? Being told you should add a funny story at the end is a lot easier to
90、put into practice.Finally, dont assume your suggestion is the only correct way to deal with a situation. Consider other points of view and keep your ego (自我) under control. You might even end up with some feedback on your feedback. Dont take it personally it can only help you give better advice next
91、 time!A. Feedback should be clear and well timed, or its likely to be ignored.B. We also need to know what other people think about our performance.C This can help you be successful in your role and clear the way for promotions.D. To make your feedback more useful, it should focus on the action, not
92、 the person.E. You cant change whats happened, but you can prevent it from happening again.F. Make sure you give an equal amount of positive feedback to balance out anything negative.G. While positive feedback is certainly necessary, it is also important to let others know their mistakes.【答案】35. B 3
93、6. A 37. F 38. E 39. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何给予人们愿意倾听的反馈。【35题详解】上文“If we want to grow as people, we cant just rely on our own evaluation of how were doing.（如果我们想要成长，我们不能只依赖于自己对自己做得如何的评估。）”说明评估不能只靠自己。下文“Receiving feedback from peers can help us see the bigger picture and show us a path forward to succ
94、ess.（从同龄人那里得到反馈可以帮助我们看到更大的图景，为我们指明通往成功的道路。）”说明我们要从别人得到评估。B选项We also need to know what other people think about our performance.（我们还需要知道其他人对我们表现的看法。）符合题意。 other people呼应 other people。故选B项。【36题详解】上文“If you wait until the matter fades from the persons mind, they might not understand what youre trying t
95、o tell them.（如果你等到这件事从这个人的脑海中消失，他们可能不会理解你想要告诉他们的事情。）”说明反馈的时机要找准。A选项Feedback should be clear and well timed, or its likely to be ignored.（反馈应该清晰且时机恰当，否则很可能会被忽略。）符合文意。故选A项。【37题详解】上文“When youre giving feedback, its important to keep in mind that no one likes to be told theyre doing a bad job.（当你给予反馈时，你
96、要记住，没有人喜欢别人说他们做得不好。）”说明人都是喜欢积极反馈的。下文“Like the saying goes, “A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down.”（俗话说得好，“一勺糖能让药下去。”）”说明正负面的反馈要平等。F选项Make sure you give an equal amount of positive feedback to balance out anything negative.（确保你给了同等数量的积极反馈来平衡任何负面的东西。）符合上下文意。 no one likes to be told theyre do
97、ing a bad job.呼应 positive feedback 。故选F项。【38题详解】上文“Feedback should also look toward the future.（反馈也应该面向未来。）”说明反馈面对的是未来的事情，而不是改变过去。E选项You cant change whats happened, but you can prevent it from happening again.（你无法改变已经发生的事情，但你可以阻止它再次发生。）符合文意。look toward the future呼应prevent it from happening again.故选E
98、项。【39题详解】下文“Being told you should add a funny story at the end is a lot easier to put into practice.（如果有人告诉你应该在结尾加上一个有趣的故事，那么你就更容易付诸实践了。）”说明反馈应集中在实践上。D选项To make your feedback more useful, it should focus on the action, not the person.（为了使你的反馈更有用，它应该集中在行动上，而不是人。）符合下文文意。 on the action呼应put into practi
99、ce。故选D项。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40, 41题 每小题2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。The Red FoxThe first time ever I saw you, you were so little and your face was so special, that I couldnt even take a picture. You looked almost like some kind of new, unknown species. You looked funny
100、 and far beyond cute.I soon discovered that not only did you look different, you actually were different. While your siblings wisely kept some distance from this unknown human being, you just bravely walked right past my feet. And I noticed you were even smaller than I had assumed.I sat alone near y
101、our den for hours and hours. When you and your little brother and sister were small, it seemed to rain continuously and it was way too cold for that time of the year. Everything was dirty, cold and wet. Many of these hours, I truly wondered what on earth I was doing there. Until you suddenly showed
102、up, out of the blue. In my memory, it stopped raining immediately and the sun came through.You were still a baby fox that needed a lot of sleep. You rolled up in a clump of grass, closed your eyes and slept. And I could keep watch. When it rained, your hair used to curl and that was another part of
103、you that was different. Foxes coats dont curl at all, but yours did, which made you look like a little rat.Although you remained smaller than the rest of the pack, you did grow up to be an energetic fox kit. You were doing just fine! Your mother had never been the greatest huntress. Fortunately, she
104、 kept on feeding you, although not always so warmly.But you, the smallest of the pack, you made it!For months and months I enjoyed watching you grow up to gradually take the shape of a real fox. A bit of a strange fox, with your too long nose and misshapen teeth, but for me you were the most beautif
105、ul fox ever. Its wonderful to be allowed to follow all of this so closely. You were great. Thank you, super fox.40. Why did the author think the foxs fur different?41. Please paraphrase the underlined sentence.42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and ex
106、plain why.The writer did not like the fox when it grew up because it looked strange.43. Please write one of your experiences with animals.【答案】40. Because its fur curled when raining. 41. But you, the smallest of the fox family, you succeeded. 42. The writer did not like the fox when it grew up becau
107、se it looked strange. According to the passage, the fox looked a bit strange with its long nose and misshapen teeth, but the writer still thought it the most beautiful in the world, which means he liked it. 43. I used to have a pet dog. Unlike most dogs, he liked taking baths. Every time after I was
108、hed him from the bathroom, it would soon lie on his own bath robe and rolled in it to dry himself, which amused all of us! That was my favourite time with him!【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和一只红狐狸之间的故事，讲述了作者如何和这只小狐狸相遇以及相处的经过，表达了作者对狐狸的喜爱之情。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第四段中“When it rained, your hair used to curl and that wa
109、s another part of you that was different.(下雨的时候，你的毛发曾经是卷曲的，那是另一部分的你是不一样的)”可知，作者认为狐狸的皮毛不同，是因为下雨时它的皮毛会卷曲。故答案为Because its fur curled when raining.【41题详解】考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“But you, the smallest of the pack, you made it!(但你，族群中最小的，你成功了！)”可知，pack这里理解为“狐狸家族”，make it表示“成功”。故划线句子可概述为：但是你，狐狸家族中最小的一个，你成功了。故答案为But
110、 you, the smallest of the fox family, you succeeded.【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“A bit of a strange fox, with your too long nose and misshapen teeth, but for me you were the most beautiful fox ever.(有点奇怪的狐狸，鼻子太长，牙齿畸形，但对我来说，你是最美丽的狐狸)”可知，句子错误部分为“The writer did not like the fox when it grew up”，根据文章，狐狸看起来有点奇怪
111、，它的长鼻子和畸形的牙齿，但作者仍然认为它是世界上最美丽的，这意味着作者喜欢它。故答案为The writer did not like the fox when it grew up because it looked strange. According to the passage, the fox looked a bit strange with its long nose and misshapen teeth, but the writer still thought it the most beautiful in the world, which means he liked
112、it.【43题详解】本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可，答案不唯一。题干：请写一篇你与动物相处的经历。可回答：我曾经养过一只宠物狗。与大多数狗不同，它喜欢洗澡。每次我把他从浴室里洗干净后，他很快就会躺在他自己的浴袍上，然后裹在里面擦干，这让我们都觉得很有趣!那是我和他在一起最开心的时光！故答案为I used to have a pet dog. Unlike most dogs, he liked taking baths. Every time after I washed him from the bathroom, it would soon lie on his own bath robe
113、 and rolled in it to dry himself, which amused all of us! That was my favourite time with him!第二节（20分）44. 假设你是李华，你的朋友Jim在北京一所国际学校读书，得知你校在寒假为迎接即将到来的北京冬奥会，组织一次滑雪冬令营活动，他对此很感兴趣，来信询问此事，请你根据以下提示给他回信。要点：1. 冬令营相关事宜（如时间，地点, 活动等）；2. 表示欢迎对方参加此次活动。注意：1. 词数在100字左右；2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】
114、Dear Jim,I am very pleased to hear from you. In you last letter, you asked me about the winter skiing camp in our school. Here let me tell you about it.The skiing camp is part of our activities to welcome the Beijing Winter Olympics. It will be held on February the 14th and will last a week in the n
115、earby skiing resort Jundushan skiing center. Students from different grades can take part and there will be professional coaches to teach the students skills on skiing. I believe that by the time Beijing has held the Winter Olympics, many of our students will have become a fan of this sport.If you a
116、re interested in it, you can also apply and take part in it. I am sure well have fun together. Look forward to your reply.Yours,Lihua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给朋友Jim写封邮件，介绍你们学校滑雪冬令营活动的情况。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 冬令营相关事宜（如时间，地点, 活动等）；2. 表示欢
117、迎对方参加此次活动。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）hear from; ask about; skiing camp; Beijing Winter Olympics; last; skiing resort; take part; professional; many of; be interested in; apply; look forward to第三步：连词成句1. I am very pleased to hear from you. 2. In you last letter, you asked me about the winter skiing camp in our sc
118、hool.3. Here let me tell you about it.4. The skiing camp is part of our activities to welcome the Beijing Winter Olympics.5. It will be held on February the 14th and will last a week in the nearby skiing resort Jundushan skiing center.6. Students from different grades can take part and there will be
119、 professional coaches to teach the students skills on skiing.7. I believe that by the time Beijing has held the Winter Olympics, many of our students will have become a fan of this sport.8. If you are interested in it, you can also apply and take part in it.9. I am sure well have fun together.10. Lo
120、ok forward to your reply.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second（供参考）2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore（供参考）连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】高分句型1 I believe that by the time Beijing has held the Winter Olympics, many of our students will have become a fan of this sport. (运用了that引导宾语从句和时间状语从句)高分句型2 If you are interested in it, you can also apply and take part in it. (运用了if引导条件状语从句)
