1、备战2022中考英语阅读理解热点话题+体裁分类训练(中考真题+各地模拟题)专题07 航空航天Passage 1（2021贵州毕节中考真题）Tianwen I is Chinas first Mars probe（火星探测器）. Where does the name come from? Do you still remember Qu Yuan, a famous poet in ancient China? He loved his motherland very much. His long poem “Heavenly Questions（天问）” expresses the cont
2、inual hard work and the great spirit of the Chinese nation to science. That is why Tianwen I was officially named, which is quite cultural and beautiful.On July 14, 2020. Tianwen I arrived at the Wenchang Space Launch Site（发射站）in Hainan Province. The space probe Tianwen I based off（发射升空）at 12:41 p.m
3、. on July 23, 2020, carrying a Long March 5 carrier rocket（长征5号运载火箭）. It took Tianwen I about seven months to travel to Mars.The Chinas Mars rover（火星车）, Zhurong moved from is landing platform（平台）onto the surface of the Red Planet at 10:40 a.m. on May 15th, 2021, starting is exploration（探险旅程）around t
4、he landing site.The 240-kilogram robot was sent into the sky to survey Mars landforms, geography situation, and something about water, ice, environment and other physical fields.Before Tianwen I, no country had ever tried to send an orbiter（运行器）, a lander and a rover in one single expedition（考察）to M
5、ars.1Which country is Tianwen I Mars probe from?AChina.BAmerica.CCanada.DJapan.2Why was the first Mars probe here given the name, Tianwen I?ABecause of a book written by Li Bai.BBecause of a poem written by Qu Yuan.CBecause of a famous scientist.DBecause of a well-known engineer.3When was Tianwen I
6、sent into the space?AOn June 23, 2020.BOn June 24, 2020COn July 23, 2020.DOn July 24, 2020.4How long did it take Tianwen I to travel to Mars?AAbout 3 months.BAbout 5 months.CAbout 7 monthsDAbout 9 months.5What does the Mars rover, Zhurong survey on Mars?ALandforms and geography situation. BSomething
7、 about water, ice and environment.COther physical fields.DAll of the above.Passage 2（2021湖北荆门中考真题） On the early morning of December 17, the Change-5 lunar probe (月球探测器) landed safely on the grasslands in Inner Mongolia, meaning the Change-5 mission (任务) ended successfully. Change-5 was launched from
8、 the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan Province on November 24, 2020. On December 1, the probe got to the moon. During the stay on the moon, it collected 1,731 grams of rock and soil samples (样品). On December 3, our national flag was shown on the moon. After that, the probe was ready to go home
9、. China is no stranger to lunar exploration (探月) programs. Over the years, it has sent a number of increasingly challenging missions to the moon. One of the most famous missions was the historic landing of Change-4 spacecraft on the moons far side in 2019. As Change-5 reached a new area of the moon,
10、 this launch successfully pushed the limits (极限) even further. Its no doubt a great step forward for the space industry.This is a truly historic event for Chinas space program, making China the third nation in the world to bring samples back from the moon. The success has also made Change-5 the firs
11、t spacecraft to bring back samples from the moon since 1976 when a Russian spaceship brought back 170.1 grams of samples to the earth. This was no easy task, but China has made it.6How long did the whole Change-5 mission last?AAbout half a month.BAround 10 days.COver a month.DMore than 20 days.7The
12、underlined word “launched” in paragraph 2 means _ in Chinese.A回收B发射C发明D销毁8Paragraph 3 mainly talks about _.Athe importance of space explorationBthe difficulty in lunar explorationCthe future of Chinas space programDthe progress in Chinas moon missions9In which part of a newspaper can we find the pas
13、sage?ACULTUREBTRAVELCSCIENCEDSPORTPassage 3（2021广西贺州中考真题） Have you ever heard of satellites（卫星）? What are they used for?Satellites are helping to forecast（预报）the weather now. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world. The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere, where the weathe
14、r forms. They send these pictures to the weather stations. So meteorologists（气象学家）can see the weather of any part of the world. From the pictures, the scientists can often say how the weather will change so that it can work better for people.Nowadays, more and more countries have weather satellites.
15、 Nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures. When they receive the new pictures, the meteorologists compare them with the earlier ones. Perhaps they may find the clouds have changed during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may so
16、on change, too. In their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say the weather will change soon. So the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists. Before satellites were invented, the meteorologists could only forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours. Now they can make g
17、ood forecasts for about two weeks. Soon they may be able to forecast the weather for more than two weeks or more ahead.With the development of the society, weather satellites will work better and better in peoples life.根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。10From the second paragraph we can know satellites travel _.Ain the
18、 atmosphereBin spaceCon the groundDin the clouds11Nowadays, meteorologists forecast the weather _.Awithout studying satellite picturesBbefore receiving satellite picturesCwhen receiving satellite picturesDafter comparing the new satellite pictures with the earlier ones12According to the passage, may
19、be meteorologists will soon be able to forecast the weather for _.Aabout 24 or 48 hoursBabout a weekCless than two weeksDmore than 14 days or even longer13Whats the main idea of this passage?ASatellites can reach any part of the world.BSatellites can take pictures of the earth.CSatellites are used f
20、or forecasting the weather.DMore and more countries have weather satellites.Passage 4（2021江苏镇江二模）Chinese space exploration made great achievements in 2020, with the most important event being the Change 5 mission (任务).The Change 5 was Chinas first sample (样本) return mission. It travelled in space fo
21、r 23 days and and brought back 1.7 kg of lunar rock and soil samples to Earth. This was the worlds first lunar return mission since 1976 and made China the third country to complete a lunar return mission after the United States and the former Soviet Union.As the countrys most difficult mission yet,
22、 Changes 5 marked a major step forward for Chinas space exploration. The lunar samples have been sent to laboratories for research that will improve understanding of the state, temperature, and material content of the moon.Some of the samples will be put on display in the science and technology muse
23、um to encourage scientific interest. “This will greatly encourage people, especially young people, to study and explore the worlds beyond Earth,” a planetary scientist at the China University of Geosciences in Wuhan said.China also views the mission as part of mankinds exploration of the moon as a w
24、hole.The Change5 landing area was very deliberately chosen. The Mons Rumker area, which had never been sampled before, is geologically (地质学上) younger than the sampling areas of the US and Soviet missions. Scientists believe the new samples could help fill a gap (空白) in understanding the moons volcan
25、ic (火山的) activity and evolution (演变).China has promised to share its sample with scientists from other countries. Some foreign scientists have shown interest. Lunar exploration is not for business purposes, but for the purpose of international scientific research. Mankind will explore the moon toget
26、her, as large exploration projects will require international cooperation (合作) in the future. China will play a leadship role in the international scientific community.14What does the underlined word in Paragraph 6 mean?AeasilyBcarefullyCrapidlyDcompletely15The samples from the moon can be used in m
27、any ways, except _.Aresearch in the laboratoriesBshare with scientists from other countriesCdo business with foreign countries Ddisplay in science and technology museums16According to the passage, what can we know about the Change 5 mission?AIt was the worlds first lunar return mission.BIt made a co
28、ntribution to mankinds space exploration.CIt was completed with the help of some other countries.DIts landing area was not as good as the USAs and Soviets.17What can be inferred(推断) from the passage?ASpace exploration is the most important scientific field.BWe are sure to make achievements if we wor
29、k together.CThe new samples could help scientists understand the earth better.DThe successful event might encourage more people to study science.Passage 5（2021安徽庐江一模） On December 17th, 2020, the return capsule (返回器) of Chinas Change-5 probe (探测器) safely touched down on its landing place. It brought
30、back the countrys first moon rocks and soil collected from the moon.Behind the success of the mission (任务) were a team of great scientists. One of them was a 24-year-old young girl named Zhou Chengyu. Now, Zhou has become the youngest woman commander (指挥员) at the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in H
31、ainan.Zhous workmates often call her “Big Sister”. She has now taken part in five space missions, All of them require the highest level of space knowledge and personal ability. In the Change-5 mission, Zhou successfully completed her commanding task. This was one of the most important roles in the m
32、ission. People have spoken highly of Zhous achievements, considering her as a role model for teenagers to look up to.However, the young commander has shown no interest in being famous. In fact, Zhou has turned down many interviews. She feels that they will only get in the way of her work. Zhous stor
33、y passes an encouraging message: Young people can get great success in science or space.18When was Zhou Chengyu born?AIn 1994.BIn 1996.CIn 1998.DIn 2000.19What can we know from Paragraph3?AZhou Chengyu joined in five moon missions.BZhou Chengyu is a role model by teenagers.CZhou can control all the
34、connector programs.DZhou was the top of all the scientists in the Change-5 mission.20How does Zhou Chengyu like the interviews?AThey influence her work.BThey can improve her personal ability.CThey make her get famous.DThey help spread the success of the Change-5 probe.21Whats the writers purpose of
35、writing the passage?ATo explain why Zhou Chengyu is called “Big Sister”.BTo tell us the experience of Zhou Chengyus success.CTo show young people can get great success in science.DTo introduce the launch of the Change-5 probe.Passage 6（2021山东禹城市教育和体育局二模）Chinese space exploration (探索) made great achi
36、evements in 2020, with the most significant event being the Change 5 mission(任务), China Daily reported.The Change 5 was China s first sample (样本) return mission. It traveled in space for 23 days and brought back 1.7 kg of lunar (月球的) rock and soil samples to Earth. This was the worlds first lunar re
37、turn mission since 1976 and made China the third country to complete a lunar return mission after the United States and the former Soviet Union.The lunar samples have been sent to laboratories for research that will improve understanding of the state , temperature, and material content (物质含量) of the
38、 moon. Some of the samples will be put on display to encourage scientific interest. “This will greatly encourage people, especially young people, to study and explore the worlds beyond Earth,” Xiao Long, a planetary scientist said.China also views the mission as part of mankinds exploration of the m
39、oon as a whole.The Change 5 landing site was very deliberately (审慎地) chosen. The Mons Rumker site, which had never been sampled before, is geologically younger than the sampling areas of the US and Soviet missions. Scientists believe the new samples could help to understand the moons volcanic (火山的)
40、activity and evolution (演变).China has promised to share its samples with scientists from other countries. Some foreign scientists have shown interest. Lunar exploration is for the benefit (利益) of international scientific research. Mankind will explore the moon together, as large exploration projects
41、 will require international cooperation in the future. China will play a leadership role in the international scientific community, China Daily noted.According to President Xi, the mission was also the latest achievement by Chinas overall system, which is characterized by its ability to mobilise (调动
42、) all available resources to deal with difficulties and achieve its goals. This will play a big role in future space missions.22What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 1?AdangerousBhelpfulCimportantDpainful23What do we know about the mission?AIt was done secretly.BThe missions landing site h
43、as never been sampled before.CIt involved cooperation with other countries.DIt was the first lunar return mission ever24What is the last paragraph mainly about?AWhat Chinas future space missions will be like.BChinas ability to unite other countries.CThe role China will play in future space explorati
44、on.DThe disadvantages of Chinas system25What can we infer from the passage?AThe United States will lead the international scientific community.BWe can easily make achievements if we work together.CChange 5 mission might encourage more people to study science.DSpace exploration is the most important
45、scientific field.26This passage may be found in/on a _.AnotebookBguide bookCnewspaperDstorybookPassage 7（2021广东连州市教育局教研室二模） China is planning to carry out more than 40 rocket launches(火箭发射) in 2021, the highest ever total, as it continues to expand its ambitions in space. The planned launches includ
46、e the core module of Chinas first space station, according to the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation(CAST)s (中国航天科技集团公司）official WeChat account.Before 2007, China had never carried out more than 10 launches a year. But since then it has rapid growth, carrying out 152 launches over th
47、e last five yearsmore than any other country.“Chinas manned space station project will enter a critical stage, and will be the top priority of the space programme throughout the year,” CAST said in January, 2021.It plans to launch the core module of the Tiangong Space Station in spring and aims to c
48、omplete the construction by the end of next year.Astronauts are already in training for the mission, and will also carry out retrieval missions and test in-orbit technologies, according to state media.The countrys first mission to Mars Tianwen-1 is also due to reach the Red Planet in February, and w
49、ill aim to land a rover on the surface.The space programme will also continue to work on space station modules and prepare for a crewed lunar mission, as well as continuing to develop the Beidou navigation system, a rival to the US GPS, for use in the civilian aviation industry.27According to CAST,
50、the planned launches include _.Athe Chinas first space stationB152 rocketsCthe core module of Chinas first space stationDthe core module of a rocket28What does the word “critical” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese?A简单的B关键的C批评的D方便的29China has carried out 152 launches over _.Athe last two decades Bthe la
51、st yearCthe last month Dthe last five years30Which of the following is NOT true?AIt aims to complete the construction of the Tiangong Space Station by the end of 2021.BChina has carried out most launches over the last five years.CAstronauts are already in training for the mission.DTianwen-1 is due t
52、o reach Mars in February.31This passage is mainly about _.Athe trip of Tianwen-1Bthe space programme of ChinaCthe rocket launches of China over the last yearDthe core module of the Tiangong Space StationPassage 8（2021江苏淮安市黄集九年制学校一模） On February 18, NASAs Perseverance rover（“毅力”号火星车）made a historic l
53、anding on the surface of Mars.This is the fifth rover NASA has sent to Mars and it is full of firsts. It will be the first rover to search for signs of ancient life. A helicopter（直升机）will fly on the planet for the first time as well. The rover is also better at solving problems on its own than previ
54、ous（先前的）rovers.Landing a spacecraft on Mars isnt easy. It had to go through the “seven minutes of terror”（惊险七分钟）, as NASA calls the landing process, all by itself. Since it takes 11 minutes for a radio signal to travel from Earth to Mars, NASA couldnt control the craft during the porcess.The spacecr
55、aft hit the top of the Martian atmosphere（大气层）moving at 12,000 miles per hour （19,300 km per hour） and had to slow down to 1.7 miles per hour （2.7 km per hour） within seven minutes before landing. Drag（空气阻力）that was created by the atmosphere slowed it down.At the same time, the surface of the craft
56、heated up to about 1,300. This high temperature could melt（融化）the rover! But since the crafts heat shield （抗热涂层）was able to take in most of this heat, Perseverance itself only reached room temperature.The craft then used both a parachute（降落伞）and a sky crane（空中吊车）to slow itself down to finally reach
57、Mars. A video of the landing was later shared online, allowing people all over the world to see the amazing moment. The rover even recorded audio on Mars for the first time just after landing, getting the sounds of Martian wind.32Why was Perseverance sent to Mars?ATo make a video.BTo take a helicopt
58、er to the planet.CTo look for signs of ancient life.DTo check on NASAs previous rovers.33What did the spacecraft do during the “seven minutes of terror”?AIt reached a speed of 120,000 miles per hour.BIt had to slow itself down to get ready for landing.CIt created drag that helped it land on Mars.DIt
59、 waited for a radio signal from a control room on Earth.34Paragraph 5 tells us travelling through the Martian atmosphere can be _.AdangerousBinterestingCsimpleDslow35Which of the following is True according to the passage?AIt takes 11 minutes for a rover to travel from Earth to Mars.BThe high temper
60、ature melted Perseverance at last.CPerseverance had to go through the landing process all by itself.DPerseverances landing was covered live.36What is the passage mainly about?APerseverances landing processBPerseverances future tasks.CPerseverances failure.DPerseverances heat. 试卷第11页，共11页学科网（北京）股份有限公
61、司学科网（北京）股份有限公司参考答案1A2B3C4C5D【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述的是中国“天问一号”火星探测器的相关内容，介绍中国在空间技术发展上外空探索所取得的成就。1细节理解题。根据“Tianwen I is Chinas first Mars probe（火星探测器）.”可知，天问一号是中国首个火星探测器，故选A。2细节理解题。根据“Where does the name come from? Do you still remember Qu Yuan, a famous poet in ancient China? He loved his motherland very m
62、uch. His long poem “Heavenly Questions（天问）” expresses the continual hard work and the great spirit of the Chinese nation to science. ”可知，“天问”这个名字来自屈原的长诗天问，故选B。3细节理解题。根据“The space probe Tianwen I based off（发射升空）at 12:41 p.m. on July 23, 2020, carrying a Long March 5 carrier rocket（长征5号运载火箭）.”可知，2020年
63、7月23日12时41分，航天探测器“天问一号”搭载长征五号运载火箭升空。 故选C。4细节理解题。根据“It took Tianwen I about seven months to travel to Mars.”可知，天问一号花了7个月的时间到达火星。故选C。5细节理解题。根据“The 240-kilogram robot was sent into the sky to survey Mars landforms, geography situation, and something about water, ice, environment and other physical fiel
64、ds.”可知，它被用来调查火星的地形、地理状况，以及水、冰、环境和其他物理领域。故选D。 6D7B8D9C【分析】本文向我们介绍嫦娥五号月球探测器安全降落在内蒙古，这对中国的太空计划来说是一个真正的历史性事件，使中国成为世界上第三个从月球带回样本的国家。6细节理解题。根据第一段“On the early morning of December 17, the Change-5 lunar probe (月球探测器) landed safely on the grasslands in Inner Mongolia”和第二段“Change-5 was launched from the Wenc
65、hang Space Launch Center in Hainan Province on November 24, 2020.”可知，2020年11月24日，嫦娥五号在海南省文昌航天发射中心发射升空，在12月17日凌晨嫦娥五号月球探测器安全降落在内蒙古草原，共计历时24天，故选D。7词义猜测题。分析“Change-5 was launched from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan Province on November 24, 2020.”可知，2020年11月24日，嫦娥五号在海南省文昌航天发射中心发射升空。所以launched
66、的意思是“发射”，故选B。8段落大意题。根据“China is no stranger to lunar exploration (探月) programs. Over the years, it has sent a number of increasingly challenging missions to the moon.”可知，中国对探月计划并不陌生， 多年来中国向月球发射了一系列越来越具有挑战性的任务。选项D“中国登月计划的进展”符合大意，故选D。9推理判断题。本文主要向我们介绍航空航天方面的情况，所以最有可能在科学版块看到这篇文章，故选C。10B11D12D13C【分析】本文主要
67、讲述了现在利用气象卫星进行天气预报的方法，以及利用气象卫星进行天气预报的意义及应用前景。10细节理解题。根据“They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world.”可知，卫星在太空中，故选B。11细节理解题。根据“When they receive the new pictures, the meteorologists compare them with the earlier ones.”可知，当他们收到新的图片时，气象学家会将它们与之前的图片进行比较。故选D。12细节理解题。根据“Soon they may be abl
68、e to forecast the weather for more than two weeks or more ahead.”可知，很快，他们就可以预测未来两周或更长时间的天气了。故选D。13主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了现在利用气象卫星进行天气预报的方法，以及利用气象卫星进行天气预报的意义及应用前景。选项C“卫星被用来预报天气”符合主题，故选C。14B15C16B17D【分析】本文是新闻报道，介绍了嫦娥五号样本返回任务及其重要意义。14词句猜测题。根据下文“The Mons Rumker area, which had never been sampled before, is geolog
69、ically younger than the sampling areas of the US and Soviet missions. Scientists believe the new samples could help fill a gap in understanding the moons volcanic activity and evolution”，可知选择5号着陆区域是经过慎重论证的；carefully符合语境，故选B。15细节理解题。根据3/4/7自然段“The lunar samples have been sent to laboratories for rese
70、archSome of the samples will be put on display in the scienceChina has promised to share its sample with scientists from other countries ”，结合“Lunar exploration is not for business purposes”，可知不会用于和外国做生意，故选C。16推理判断题。根据第五段“China also views the mission as part of mankinds exploration of the moon as a w
71、hole”，可知嫦娥五号任务为人类的太空探索作出了贡献，故选B。17推理判断题。根据第四段“This will greatly encourage people, especially young people, to study and explore the worlds beyond Earth”，可推知会鼓励更多的人学习并研究科学，故选D。18B19B20A21C【分析】本文是新闻报道，通过对周承钰事迹的报道，告诉人们年轻人可以在科学或太空领域取得巨大成功。18细节理解题。根据“On December 17th, 2020, the return capsule of Chinas C
72、hange-5 probe safely touched down on its landing placeOne of them was a 24- year-old young girl named Zhou Chengyu”，可知周承钰出生于1996年，故选B。19细节理解题。根据“People have spoken highly of Zhous achievements, considering her as a role model for teenagers to look up to”，可知她是青少年的榜样，故选B。20细节理解题。根据第四段“In fact, Zhou ha
73、s turned down many interviews. She feels that they will only get in the way of her work”，可知她认为采访影响了她的工作；get in the way of和influence同义，故选A。21主旨大意题。根据短文对周的介绍，结合最后“Zhous story passes an encouraging message: Young people can get great success in science or space”，可知本文通过周承钰的故事告诉人们，年轻人可以在科学上取得巨大的成功，故选C。22
74、C23B24C25C26C【分析】本文是新闻报道，介绍了嫦娥五号探月任务，说明中国的太空探索取得了巨大成就。22词句猜测题。根据第二段“This was the worlds first lunar return mission since 1976 and made China the third country to complete a lunar return mission after the United States and the former Soviet Union”，可知嫦娥五号登月意义重大，important符合题意，故选C。23推理判断题。根据第五段“The Mons
75、 Rumker site, which had never been sampled before, is geologically younger than the sampling areas of the US and Soviet missions”，结合下文科学家的看法，可知这次任务的着陆点以前从未进行过采样，故选B。24主旨大意题。根据最后“This will play a big role in future space missions”，可知中国在未来太空探索中将扮演重要角色，故选C。25推理判断题。根据第三段“Some of the samples will be put
76、on display to encourage scientific interest”，结合科学家的看法“This will greatly encourage people, especially young people, to study and explore the worlds beyond Earth”，可知嫦娥五号任务可能会鼓励更多的人学习科学，故选C。26推理判断题。根据第一段“China Daily reported”，可知是新闻报道，应该能在报纸上读到，故选C。27C28B29D30A31B【分析】本文主要介绍了中国的空间计划。27细节理解题。根据“The planne
77、d launches include the core module of Chinas first space station”可知，计划中的发射包括中国第一个空间站的核心模块。故选C。28词义猜测题。根据“Chinas manned space station project will enter a critical stage, and will be the top priority of the space programme throughout the year”可知，中国载人空间站项目将进入关键阶段，并将成为全年空间计划的重中之重，“critical”的意思是“关键的”。故选
78、B。29细节理解题。根据“carrying out 152 launches over the last five yearsmore than any other country”可知，在过去五年中进行了152次发射。故选D。30推理判断题。根据“It plans to launch the core module of the Tiangong Space Station in spring and aims to complete the construction by the end of next year.”可知，计划明年（2022年）年底完成天宫空间站的建设，A选项表述有误。故选
79、A。31主旨大意题。阅读全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国的空间计划。故选B。32C33B34A35C36A【分析】2月18日，NASA的“毅力”号火星车成功着陆火星表面。本文详细的介绍了“毅力”号火星车的着陆过程。32细节理解题。根据“It will be the first rover to search for signs of ancient life.”可知“毅力”号火星车是搜索古生物迹象的第一个火星车，因此它的目的是搜索古生物迹象。故选C。33推理判断题。根据“The spacecraft hit the top of the Martian atmosphere（大气层）moving
80、at 12,000 miles per hour （19,300 km per hour） and had to slow down to 1.7 miles per hour （2.7 km per hour） within seven minutes before landing. Drag（空气阻力）that was created by the atmosphere slowed it down.”可知火星车需要在着陆之前的七分钟之内降低速度。故选B。34推理判断题。根据“At the same time, the surface of the craft heated up to a
81、bout 1,300. ”可知火星车到达火星的过程中，温度达到1300摄氏度，因此是非常危险的。故选A。35细节理解题。根据“Landing a spacecraft on Mars isnt easy. It had to go through the “seven minutes of terror”（惊险七分钟）, as NASA calls the landing process, all by itself. ”可知火星车的着陆只能靠自己。故选C。36最佳标题。本文第一段和第二段介绍“毅力”号火星车，第三段到第六段主要介绍火星车的着陆过程，因此A选项最适合做标题。故选A。答案第7页，共7页
